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Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-device"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-device-monitoring.html" title="Network Device Monitoring">Network Device Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-agent"><a href="/network-monitoring/agent-based-monitoring.html" title="Agent Based Monitoring">Agent Based Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-avail"><a href="/network-monitoring/availability-monitoring.html" title="Network Availability Monitoring">Network Availability Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-netuptime"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-uptime-monitoring.html" title="Network Uptime Monitoring">Network Uptime Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-packetloss"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-packet-loss-monitoring.html" title="Packet Loss Monitoring">Packet Loss Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-nam"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-activity-monitoring.html" title="Network Activity Monitoring">Network Activity Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-inter"><a href="/network-monitoring/interface-monitoring.html" title="Network Interface Monitoring">Network Interface Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-test"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-testing-tools.html" title="Network Testing Tools">Network Testing Tools</a></li> <li id="tree-ass"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-assessment-tools.html" title="Network Assessment Tools">Network Assessment Tools</a></li> <li id="tree-lanmgmt"><a href="/network-monitoring/lan-management.html" title="LAN Management">LAN Management</a></li> <li id="tree-hard"><a href="/network-monitoring/hardware-monitoring.html" title="Hardware Monitor">Hardware Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-disk"><a href="/network-monitoring/disk-space-monitor.html" title="Disk Space Monitor">Disk Space Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-hard-drive"><a href="/network-monitoring/hard-drive-monitor.html" title="Hard Drive Monitor">Hard Drive Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-cpu"><a href="/network-monitoring/cpu-monitoring.html" title="CPU Monitor">CPU Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-uptime"><a href="/network-monitoring/uptime-monitoring.html" title="Uptime Monitoring">Uptime Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-adap"><a href="/network-monitoring/adaptive-thresholds.html" title="Adaptive Thresholds"> Adaptive Thresholding</a></li> <li id="tree-forcst"><a href="/network-monitoring/forecasting-performance-trends.html" title="Forecasting performance trends"> Forecasting Performance Trends</a></li> <li id="tree-cpumon"><a href="/network-monitoring/cpu-usage-monitor.html" title="CPU Usage Monitor">CPU Usage Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-cputemp"><a href="/network-monitoring/cpu-temperature-monitor.html" title="CPU Temperature Monitor">CPU Temperature Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-cpumd"><a href="/network-monitoring/cpu-memory-disk.html" title="CPU Memory Disk Monitor">CPU Memory Disk Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-mm"><a href="/network-monitoring/memory-monitoring.html" title="Memory Monitoring">Memory Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-router"><a href="/network-monitoring/router-monitoring.html" title="Router Monitoring">Router Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-switch"><a href="/network-monitoring/switch-monitoring.html" title="Switch Monitoring">Switch Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-sms"><a href="/network-monitoring/switch-management-software.html" title="Switch Management Software">Switch Management Software</a></li> <li id="tree-ethernet"><a href="/network-monitoring/ethernet-monitoring.html" title="Ethernet monitoring">Ethernet Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-url"><a href="/network-monitoring/url-monitoring.html" title="URL monitoring">URL Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-lan"><a href="/network-monitoring/lan-monitoring.html" title="LAN monitoring">LAN Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-ip-sla"><a href="/network-monitoring/ip-sla-monitoring.html" title="IP SLA Monitor"> IP SLA Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-cwm"><a href="/network-monitoring/configure-wan-monitoring.html" title="WAN Monitoring">WAN Monitoring </a></li> <li id="tree-wan"><a href="/network-monitoring/wan-management.html" title="WAN RTT Monitoring">WAN RTT Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-voip"><a href="/network-monitoring/voip-monitor.html" title="VoIP Monitor">VoIP Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-nlm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-latency-monitoring.html" title="Network Latency Monitoring">Network Latency Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-spm"><a href="/network-monitoring/system-performance-monitoring.html" title="System Performance Monitoring">System Performance Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-lbs"><a href="/network-monitoring/load-balancer-monitoring.html" title="Load balancer Monitoring">Load balancer Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-vpn"><a href="/network-monitoring/vpn-monitoring.html" title="VPN Monitor">VPN Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-wmi"><a href="/network-monitoring/wmi-monitoring.html" title="WMI monitoring">WMI monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wpm"><a href="/network-monitoring/windows-process-monitor.html" title="Windows Process Monitor">Windows Process Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-wnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/wireless-network-monitoring.html" title="Wireless Network Monitor">Wireless Network Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-wm"><a href="/network-monitoring/wireless-monitoring.html" title="Wireless Monitoring">Wireless Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wifi"><a href="/network-monitoring/wifi-monitor.html" title="WiFi Monitor">WiFi Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-wifianal"><a href="/network-monitoring/wifi-analyzer.html" title="Wi-Fi analyzer">Wi-Fi Analyzer</a></li> <li id="tree-wlc"><a href="/network-monitoring/wlc-monitoring.html" title="WLC Monitoring">WLC Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-ups"><a href="/network-monitoring/ups-monitoring.html" title="UPS monitoring">UPS monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-pri"><a href="/network-monitoring/printer-monitoring.html" title="Printer Monitoring">Printer Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-np"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-printer-management.html" title="Network Printer Management">Network Printer Management</a></li> <li id="tree-hpnp"><a href="/network-monitoring/hp-network-printer-monitoring.html" title="HP Printer Monitoring Software">HP Printer Monitoring Software</a></li> <li id="tree-canon"><a href="/network-monitoring/canon-monitoring-software.html" title="Canon Printer Monitoring Software">Canon Printer Monitoring Software</a></li> <li id="tree-ndd"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-device-discovery.html" title="Network Device Discovery">Network Device Discovery</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Monitoring">Cisco Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco-meraki"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-meraki-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Meraki Monitoring">Cisco Meraki Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco-aci"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-aci-monitoring.html" title="Cisco ACI monitoring">Cisco ACI monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco-ucs"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-ucs-monitoring.html" title="Cisco UCS Monitoring">Cisco UCS Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco-port"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-port-monitor.html" title="Cisco Port Monitor">Cisco Port Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-cisco-switch"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-switch-stack-monitoring.html" title="Cisco Switch Monitoring">Cisco Switch Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-ibm"><a href="/network-monitoring/ibm-monitoring.html" title="IBM Monitoring">IBM monitoring</a></li> <li id="syslog"><a href="/network-monitoring/syslog-monitoring.html" title="Syslog Monitoring">Syslog Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-ipmi"><a href="/network-monitoring/ipmi-monitoring.html" title="Syslog Monitoring">IPMI Monitoring</a></li> <li id="snmp-mo"><a href="/network-monitoring/snmp-monitoring.html" title="SNMP Monitoring">SNMP Monitoring Software</a></li> <li id="snmp"><a href="/network-monitoring/snmp-trap-monitor.html" title="SNMP Trap Processing">SNMP Trap Monitoring</a></li> <li id="3com"><a href="/network-monitoring/3com-switch-port-monitoring.html" title="3Com Switch Port Monitoring">3Com Switch Port Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fortigate"><a href="/network-monitoring/fortigate-firewall-performance-monitoring.html" title="Fortigate Performance Monitoring">Fortigate Performance Monitoring</a></li> <li id="juniper"><a href="/network-monitoring/juniper-network-monitoring.html" title="Juniper Network Monitoring">Juniper Network Monitoring</a></li> <li id="noc"><a href="/network-monitoring/noc-monitoring.html" title="NOC Monitoring">NOC Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-npt"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-performance-test.html" title="Network Performance Test">Network Performance Test</a></li> <li id="nlm"><a href="/network-monitoring/opmanager-galaxy.html" title="Network Link Monitoring">Network Link Monitoring</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-spm"><span>Server & Virtualization</span> <ul> <li id="tree-shm"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-monitoring.html" title="Server Monitoring">Server Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-sum"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-uptime-monitoring.html" title="Server Uptime Monitoring">Server Uptime Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wservm"><a href="/network-monitoring/windows-server-monitoring.html" title="Windows Server Monitoring">Windows Server Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-serverhm"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-health-monitor.html" title="Server Monitoring">Server Health Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-swlogmgmt"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-log-management-software.html" title="Server Log Management">Server Log Management</a></li> <li id="tree-system"><a href="/network-monitoring/systems-management.html" title="Systems Management">Systems Management</a></li> <li id="tree-hyperv-tools"><a href="/network-monitoring/hyper-v-management-tools.html" title="Hyper-V Management Tools">Hyper-V Management Tools</a></li> <li id="tree-linux"><a href="/network-monitoring/linux-server-monitoring.html" title="Linux Server Monitoring">Linux Server Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-virt"><a href="/network-monitoring/vmware-monitoring.html" title="VMware Monitoring">VMware Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-esx"><a href="/network-monitoring/vmware-esx-host-monitoring.html" title="ESX Host Monitoring">ESX Host Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-sv"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-virtualization.html" title="Server Virtualization">Server Virtualization</a></li> <li id="tree-vmm"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtual-machine-monitoring.html" title="Virtual Machine (VM) Monitoring">Virtual Machine (VM) Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-vnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtual-network-management.html" title="Virtual Network Management">Virtual Network Management</a></li> <li id="tree-vmexi"><a href="/network-monitoring/vmware-esxi-monitoring-tools.html" title="VMware ESXi Monitoring Tool">VMware ESXi Monitoring Tool</a></li> <li id="tree-vsphere"><a href="/network-monitoring/vsphere-performance-monitoring.html" title="vSphere performance monitoring">vSphere performance monitoring</a></li> <li id="hy-moni"><a href="/network-monitoring/hyperv-monitoring.html" title="Hyper-V Monitoring">Hyper-V Monitoring</a></li> <li id="hy-pmoni"><a href="/network-monitoring/hyper-v-performance-monitoring.html" title="Hyper-V Performance Monitoring">Hyper-V Performance Monitoring</a></li> <li id="citix"><a href="/network-monitoring/citrix-xenserver-monitoring.html" title="Citrix XenServer Monitoring">Citrix XenServer Monitoring</a></li> <li id="citix-mon"><a href="/network-monitoring/citrix-monitoring.html" title="Citrix Monitoring">Citrix Monitoring</a></li> <li id="nutanix"><a href="/network-monitoring/nutanix-monitoring.html" title="Nutanix monitoring">Nutanix monitoring</a></li> <li id="hyper"><a href="/network-monitoring/hyperconverged-infrastructure.html" title="Hyperconverged Infrastructure Monitoring">Hyperconverged Infrastructure Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-vmd"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtualization-monitoring-dashboard.html" title="Virtualization Monitoring Dashboard">Virtualization Monitoring Dashboard</a></li> <li id="tree-osm"><a href="/network-monitoring/operating-system-monitoring.html" title="Operating System (OS) Monitoring">Operating System (OS) Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-winnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/windows-network-monitor.html" title="Windows Network Monitor">Windows Network Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-mnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/microsoft-network-monitoring.html" title="Microsoft Network Monitoring">Microsoft Network Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-whatnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/linux-network-monitor.html" title="Linux Network Monitor">Linux Network Monitor</a></li> <li id="tree-dell"><a href="/network-monitoring/dell-server-monitoring.html" title="Dell Server Monitoring">Dell Server Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-hp"><a href="/network-monitoring/hp-server-monitoring.html" title="HP Server Monitoring">HP Server Monitoring</a></li> <li id="lg-moni"><a href="/network-monitoring/eventlog-monitoring.html" title="Event Log Monitoring">Event Log Monitoring</a></li> <li id="lg-exch"><a href="/network-monitoring/exchange-monitoring.html" title="Exchange Monitoring">Exchange Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-file"><a href="/network-monitoring/file-folder-monitor.html" title="File/ Folder Monitoring">File/ Folder Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-ftp"><a href="/network-monitoring/ftp-monitoring.html" title="FTP Monitoring">FTP Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wsm"><a href="/network-monitoring/windows-service-monitoring.html" title="Windows Service Monitoring">Windows Service Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-svcmn"><a href="/network-monitoring/service-monitoring.html" title="Service Monitoring">Service Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-process"><a href="/network-monitoring/process-monitoring.html" title="Process Monitoring">Process Monitoring</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nvi"><span>Network Visualization</span> <ul> <li id="tree-map"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-mapping.html" title="Network Mapping">Network Mapping</a></li> <li id="tree-plan"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-planning.html" title="Network Planning">Network Planning</a></li> <li id="tree-path"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-path-analysis.html" title="Network Path Analysis">Network Path Analysis</a></li> <li id="tree-diag"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-diagram-software.html" title="Network Diagram Software ">Network Diagram Software </a></li> <li id="tree-gpm"><a href="/network-monitoring/grouping-network-elements.html " title="Grouping Network Elements">Grouping Network Elements</a></li> <li id="tree-nt-map"><a href="/network-monitoring/custom-network-map.html" title="Custom Network Maps">Custom Network Maps</a></li> <li id="dash"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-management-console.html" title="Network Monitoring Dashboards">Network Monitoring Dashboards</a></li> <li id="tree-ndtool"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-discovery-tool.html" title="Network Discovery Tool">Network Discovery Tool</a></li> <li id="tree-nty"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/network-topology.html" title="Network Topology">Network Topology</a></li> <li id="tree-nts"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-topology-software.html" title="Network Topology Software">Network Topology Software</a></li> <li id="tree-nvd"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/what-is-network-visualization.html" title="Network Visualization Definition">Network Visualization Definition</a></li> <li id="tree-nv"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-visualization.html" title="Network Visualization">Network Visualization </a></li> <li id="tree-ntp"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-topology-mapper.html" title="Network Topology Mapper">Network Topology Mapper</a></li> <li id="tree-trt"><a href="/network-monitoring/traceroute-tool.html" title="Traceroute Tool">Traceroute Tool</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nfm"><span>Network Fault Management</span> <ul> <li id="adv-nfm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-fault-management.html" title="Network Fault Management">Network Fault Management</a></li> <li id="adv-alt"><a href="/network-monitoring/fault-monitoring.html" title="Network Fault Monitoring">Network Fault Monitoring</a></li> <li id="adv-mon-ale"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-monitoring-alerts.html" title="Network Monitoring Alerts">Network Monitoring Alerts</a></li> <li id="adv-rca"><a href="/network-monitoring/root-cause-analysis.html" title="Root Cause Analysis for Network Faults">Root Cause Analysis for Network Faults</a></li> <li id="adv-netauto"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-automation.html" title="Network Automation">Network Automation</a></li> <li id="trob-net-issue"><a href="/network-monitoring/troubleshooting-network-issues.html" title="Troubleshooting Network Issues">Troubleshooting Network Issues</a></li> <li id="it-work"><a href="/network-monitoring/it-workflow-automation.html" title="IT Workflow Automation">IT Workflow Automation</a></li> <li id="net-tro"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-troubleshooting-tools.html" title="Network Troubleshooting Tools">Network Troubleshooting Tools</a></li> <li id="mgmt-dsh"><a href="/network-monitoring/align-it-to-business.html" title="Service Level Management Dashboards">Service Level<br> Management Dashboards</a></li> <li id="ibn"><a href="/network-monitoring/intent-based-networking.html" title="What is Intent based Networking (IBN)?">Intent based Networking (IBN)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-dcm"><span>Data Center Management</span> <ul> <li id="tree-dcmo"><a href="/network-monitoring/data-center-monitoring.html" title="Data Center Monitoring">Data Center Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-dcm"><a href="/network-monitoring/datacenter-management.html" title="Data Center Management">Data Center Management</a></li> <li id="tree-dcn"><a href="/network-monitoring/data-center-networking.html" title="Data Center Networking">Data Center Networking</a></li> <li id="tree-dcflr"><a href="/network-monitoring/datacenter-visual-modeling.html" title="3D Datacenter Floor">3D Datacenter Floor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-nsm"><span>Storage Management</span> <ul> <li id="sto-san-mgnt"><a href="/network-monitoring/san-monitoring.html" title="SAN Monitoring">SAN Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-storage"><a href="/network-monitoring/storage-monitoring.html" title="Storage Monitoring">Storage Monitoring</a></li> <li id="sto-ra-mgnt"><a href="/network-monitoring/storage-raid-management.html" title="Storage Raid Management">Storage Raid Management</a></li> <li id="ta-lib-mgnt"><a href="/network-monitoring/tape-library-management.html" title="Tape Library Management">Tape Library Management</a></li> <li id="sto-md"><a href="/network-monitoring/storage-monitoring-dashboard.html" title="Storage Monitoring Dashboard">Storage Monitoring Dashboard</a></li> <li id="sto-cap-plan"><a href="/network-monitoring/storage-capacity-forecasting-planning.html" title="Storage Capacity Forecasting">Storage Capacity Forecasting</a></li> <li id="fa-sw-mgnt"><a href="/network-monitoring/san-switch-management.html" title="Fabric Switch Management">Fabric Switch Management</a></li> <li id="fa-sw-netapp"><a href="/network-monitoring/netapp-monitoring.html" title="NetApp Monitoring">NetApp Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fa-nsm-dellstorage"><a href="/network-monitoring/dell-storage-monitoring.html" title="Dell EMC Storage Monitoring">Dell EMC Storage Monitoring</a></li> <li id="fa-nsm-ibmstorage"><a href="/network-monitoring/ibm-storage-monitoring.html" title="IBM 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href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/storage-pools-and-luns.html" title="Storage Pools and Luns">Storage Pools and Luns</a></li> <li id="tree-bmh"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/bare-metal-hypervisor.html" title="Bare Metal Hypervisor">Bare Metal Hypervisor</a></li> <li id="tree-adc"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/application-delivery-controller.html" title="Application Delivery Controller">Application Delivery Controller</a></li> <li id="tree-nmm"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/network-monitoring-metrics.html" title="Network Monitoring Metrics">Network Monitoring Metrics</a></li> <li id="tree-sla"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/sla-monitoring.html" title="SLA Monitoring">SLA Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-da"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/disk-array.html" title="Disk Array">Disk Array</a></li> <li id="tree-nmc"><a href="/network-monitoring/challenges-of-network-monitoring.html" title="Challenges of Network Monitoring"> Challenges of Network Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wns"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-software.html" title="Network Software"> Network Software </a></li> <li id="tree-nm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-monitor.html" title="Network Monitor"> Network Monitor </a></li> <li id="tree-whatsnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-management.html" title="Network Management">Network Management Software</a></li> <li id="tree-cnm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-management-challenges.html" title="Network Management Challenges">Network Management Challenges</a></li> <li id="tree-nms"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-management-system.html" title="Network Management System">Network Management System</a></li> <li id="tree-npm"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-performance-management.html" title="Network Performance Management">Network Performance Management</a></li> <li id="tree-nim"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-incident-management.html" title="Network Incident Management">Network Incident Management</a></li> <li id="tree-net-admin"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-administration.html" title="Network Administration">Network Administration</a></li> <li id="tree-cim"><a href="/network-monitoring/cisco-management.html" title="Cisco Management"> Cisco Management</a></li> <li id="nt-tool"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-monitoring-tools.html" title="Network Monitoring Tools">Network Monitoring Tools</a></li> <li id="graph"><a href="/network-monitoring/real-time-network-monitoring.html" title="What is Real-time Network Monitoring?">Real-time Network Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-sm"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-management.html" title="What is Server Management?">Server Management</a></li> <li id="spm"><a href="/network-monitoring/server-performance-management.html" title="What is Server Performance Management?">Server Performance Management</a></li> <li id="tree-wsnmp"><a href="/network-monitoring/what-is-snmp.html" title="What is SNMP?">SNMP</a></li> <li id="tree-vsm"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtual-server-management.html" title="What is Virtual Server Management?">Virtual Server Management</a></li> <li id="tree-anm"><a href="/network-monitoring/agentless-network-monitoring.html" title="What is Agentless Network Monitoring?">Agentless Network Monitoring</a></li> <li id="tree-wnsn"><a href="/network-monitoring/wireless-network-solutions.html" title="Wireless network solutions">Wireless network solutions</a></li> <li id="tree-dsmc"><a href="/network-monitoring/disk-space-monitoring-challenges.html" title="Disk Space Monitoring Challenges">Disk Space Monitoring Challenges</a></li> <li id="tree-wsmc"><a href="/network-monitoring/windows-service-monitoring-challenges.html" title="Windows Service Monitoring Challenges">Windows Service Monitoring Challenges</a></li> <li id="tree-netmap"><a href="/network-monitoring/what-is-network-map.html" title="Network Map">Network Map</a></li> <li id="tree-wiv"><a href="/network-monitoring/what-is-virtualization.html" title="What Is Virtualization?">Virtualization</a></li> <li id="tree-wiv-best"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtualization-best-practices.html" title="Virtualization Best Practices"> Virtualization Best Practices </a></li> <li id="tree-vc"><a href="/network-monitoring/virtualization-challenges.html" title="Virtualization Challenges"> Virtualization Challenges </a></li> <li id="tree-hvc"><a href="/network-monitoring/hyper-V-performance-monitoring-challenges.html" title="Hyper-V Performance Monitoring Challenges"> Hyper-V Performance Monitoring Challenges </a></li> <li id="tree-wifimanbest"><a href="/network-monitoring/wifi-network-management-best-practices.html" title="Wi-Fi Network Management">Wi-Fi Management Best Practices</a></li> <li id="tree-networkprotocols"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-protocols.html" title="Network protocols"> Network protocols </a></li> <li id="tree-nr"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/network-routing.html" title="Network Routing"> Network Routing</a></li> <li id="tree-layer2protocols"><a href="/network-monitoring/layer-2-protocols.html" title="Layer 2 Protocols"> Layer 2 Protocols </a></li> <li id="tree-trouple-nl"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/troubleshooting-network-latency.html" title="Troubleshooting Network Latency"> Troubleshooting Network Latency</a></li> <li id="tree-virtusprawl"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/how-to-prevent-vm-sprawl.html" title="Virtualization Sprawl"> Virtualization Sprawl </a></li> <li id="tree-netdiabasics"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/guide-to-network-diagram.html" title="Basics of Network Diagrams"> Basics of Network Diagrams </a></li> <li id="tree-netdia"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/network-diagrams.html" title="Network Diagrams"> Network Diagrams </a></li> <li id="tree-netmc"><a href="/network-monitoring/network-mapping-challenges.html" title="Network Mapping Challenges"> Network Mapping Challenges </a></li> <li id="tree-network-opti"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/network-optimization.html" title="Network Optimization"> Network Optimization </a></li> <li id="tree-sl"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/switching-loops.html" title="Switching Loops"> Switching Loops </a></li> <li id="tree-roufla"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/route-flapping.html" title="Route Flapping"> Route Flapping </a></li> <li id="tree-vxlan"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/vxlan-vs-vlan.html" title="VXLAN"> VXLAN </a></li> <li id="tree-vlan"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/troubleshoot-vlans.html" title="Troubleshooting VLANs"> Troubleshooting VLANs</a></li> <li id="tree-sdwan"><a href="/network-monitoring/tech-topics/sd-wan.html" title="SD-WAN"> SD-WAN </a></li> <li id="tree-bnwm"><a href="/network-monitoring/best-network-monitor.html" title="Best Network Monitor"> Best Network Monitor </a></li> <li id="tree-bfnms"><a href="/network-monitoring/best-free-network-monitoring-software.html" title="Best Free Network Monitoring Software"> Best Free Network Monitoring Software </a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-alter"><span>OpManager Alternatives</span> <ul> <li id="tree-alter"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-solarwinds-npm.html" title="Solarwinds Alternative">Solarwinds Alternative</a></li> <li id="tree-alter1"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-prtg.html" title="PRTG Alternative">PRTG Alternative</a></li> <li id="tree-alter2"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-zabbix.html" title="Zabbix Alternative">Zabbix Alternative</a></li> <li id="tree-alter3"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-whatsupgold.html" title="Whatsup Gold Alternative">Whatsup Gold Alternative</a></li> <li id="tree-alter4"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-nagios-xi.html" title="Nagios XI Alternative">Nagios XI Alternative</a></li> <li id="tree-alter5"><a href="/network-monitoring/alternative-to-spiceworks.html" title="Spiceworks Alternative">Spiceworks Alternative</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="fea-access"><span>Network Access Control</span> <ul> <li id="tree-role-access"><a href="/network-monitoring/role-based-access-control.html" title="Customizable Role-based Access Control"> Customizable Role-based Access Control </a> </li> <li id="tree-role-saml"><a href="/network-monitoring/SAML-authentication.html" title="SAML Authentication"> SAML Authentication </a> </li> </ul> </ul> <div id="itom-related-products"></div> <div id="itom-lhs-img"></div> </div> <div class="rhs-cont"> <h1>Route flapping</h1> <p>Routers play an important role in enabling uninterrupted network communication and connectivity. A constantly available router with the desired functioning ensures good performance for its associated sub-networks. With networks relying heavily on your routers' performance, it is important to ensure your routers do not run into any issues. One serious networking issue that routers encounter is route flapping.</p> <p>On this page, we will take a look at:</p> <ul> <li><a href="#what" target="_self">What is route flapping?</a></li> <li><a href="#common" target="_self">Common causes of route flapping</a></li> <li><a href="#how" target="_self">How does route flapping affect your network?</a></li> <li><a href="#to" target="_self">How to control route flapping</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="what">What is route flapping?</h2> <p>Route flapping is a networking issue where the state of a router constantly fluctuates within a short period of time. This includes scenarios where the routers:</p> <ul> <li>Constantly switch between being available and unavailable.</li> <li>Update and withdraw network prefixes, thereby alternatively advertising the two best destination routes.</li> <li>Display drastic changes in any of the routing metrics, such as the BGP table version.</li> </ul> <p>For instance, if a router updates route A to be the best route in its first broadcast, then immediately withdraws it and updates route B to be the best route in its second broadcast, and again updates route A as the best route, the router is flapping.</p> <p>Route flapping is easily detectable through network packet sniffers, availability monitoring, or manual inspection of router metrics.</p> <h2 id="common">Common causes of route flapping</h2> <p>Route flapping is common in large networks with hundreds of routers deployed across distributed locations. Route flapping can be caused by several networking scenarios that interfere with the ideal working conditions of the router. Some common causes include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dynamic routing</strong>: When networks deploy dynamic routing, the routers are prone to intensive adaptive route changes. They dynamically advertise and withdraw routes based on how the network topology evolves. This results in a higher chance of route flapping.</li> <li><strong>Misconfigurations</strong>: Any misconfiguration, such as enabling load balancing between paths with equal hops, can easily cause route flaps.</li> <li><strong>Deployed protocols</strong>: Network administrators should also carefully choose between and monitor the deployment of link state and distance vector routing protocols. Since these protocols cause frequent recalculations and updates, route flapping in this scenario can hinder network convergence.</li> <li><strong>Hardware errors</strong>: Faulty router hardware can cause the router state to fluctuate between up or down intensively, causing route flapping.</li> <li><strong>Connected devices</strong>: Route flapping can also be due to devices associated with the router, such as a connected interface with an error or another connected router that is flapping.</li> </ul> <h2 id="how">How does route flapping affect your network?</h2> <p>A problematic router can easily slow down your network traffic, disrupt normal network functioning, and impact the end-user experience. Some of the major effects of route flapping on your network include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cascading effects of flapping</strong>: Route flapping is capable of affecting the entire network if left unmanaged. A router that intensively alternates between two destination routes can cause confusion in network traffic routing, thereby causing all connected routers to recalculate the topology frequently. This can easily disrupt the network topology, causing all the upstream connected routers to flap.</li> <li><strong>Router overload and CPU utilization</strong>: Unnecessary recalculations and route updates caused by route flapping put a strain on the router's CPU. Intensive CPU usage and constantly changing destination routes can affect router performance and cause network traffic to slow down.</li> <li><strong>Routing loops</strong>: Route flapping causes a router in a route to be unusable. This causes other routers to reroute traffic. Constant traffic rerouting can cause routing loops within the network.</li> <li><strong>Latency and network downtime</strong>: Intensive calculations, routing updates, and CPU resource consumption can slow down and impact the performance of network routers. This affects the overall performance of the network. Not only that, but route flapping also causes confusion on the next hop for the network components. The longer it takes to determine the next hop, the higher the network latency will be. Since router conflicts can increase network latency, degrade performance, and be cascading, they can easily trigger costly network downtime.</li> </ul> <h2 id="to">How to control route flapping</h2> <p>Best practices such as regularly upgrading your routers help you avoid most router issues. For instance, modern routers with very high processing power limit the possibility of route flapping. However, to ensure your network routers are well-insulated from the cascading effects of route flapping, you should implement the following control techniques:</p> <ul> <li><a href="#sum" target="_self">Route summarization</a></li> <li><a href="#damp" target="_self">Route dampening</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="sum">Route summarization</h3> <p>Route summarization is an effective countermeasure against the risks of route flapping. This technique helps network admins effectively insulate other upstream routers from the effects of a flapping router.</p> <h4>How does route summarization work?</h4> <p>Route summarization works by first taking note of all the links of the sub-networks associated with a router. The links are aggregated based on the common bits in the link address. The router then advertises this aggregate link as the link for all the sub-networks associated with it. This, when done for multiple routers, drastically reduces the number of links advertised in the network.</p> <p>For instance, let us assume five routers are connected as shown below. Router D will usually have to advertise 16 routes to router E. However, after route aggregation, routers A, B, and C will each advertise only one link to router D by aggregating their links based on the common prefix. Router D will then aggregate these three links based on their common prefix and advertise only one route to router E. This greatly improves efficiency and router performance.</p> <p><img src="/network-monitoring/images/router-flapping.jpg" title="route flapping routers" style="width: 1920px;" alt="Route Flapping | ManageEngine OpManager" /></p> <p>Also, in the aggregate links advertised, an aggregate route will still work even if a link within the router is flapping. An aggregate route will not be released when there is still at least one valid aggregate sub-network.</p> <p>This eliminates the need to update, recalculate, and withdraw destination routes frequently and thus isolates the effects of route flapping from other routers and helps network admins easily troubleshoot the issue.</p> <h3 id="damp">Route dampening</h3> <p>Route flap dampening is a technique that enables network administrators to stabilize the network routes in case a router flaps. This technique works by suppressing the flapping router and rerouting the traffic passing through it.</p> <h3 id="damp">How does route dampening work?</h3> <p>First, network routers are configured to adhere to the implemented route dampening technique. To enable dampening, network admins need to define a suppress limit. This is the preferred number of times a router is allowed to flap. In the network, for every flap, the router is given a penalty. When the cumulative penalty becomes greater than the suppress limit, the router is suppressed. Traffic is rerouted through more stable routers.</p> <p>However, the penalty a router has accumulated exponentially decays over time. When the cumulative penalty is less than the suppress limit, dampening is disabled by default, and the route is reused. Thus, route dampening helps network admins delay the use of unstable routes before they are stabilized.</p> <p><strong>Note</strong>: While route flap dampening might work well in tackling the flapping routers in private links, relying on it for your entire network is not advisable. Misconfigured route dampening metrics can easily cause parts of the network to be unreachable or even cause other routers to flap. Network admins need to carefully analyze the needs and configurations of their networks before implementing route dampening.</p> <p>Routers, as the critical components of your IT infrastructure, are prone to many other networking issues, such as slowdowns and low signal quality. These issues severely impact your network performance and availability. To safeguard your network against the impact of problematic routers and to enhance router performance, you need a reliable network performance monitoring solution in place.</p> <h2>Keep a close watch on your network routers with OpManager</h2> <p>ManageEngine OpManager is a powerful, intuitive network performance monitoring solution that helps you holistically <a href="https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/router-monitoring.html" target="_self" title="Router monitoring">monitor network routers</a>. Easily spot problematic routers and troubleshoot them with OpManager's in-depth insights before they disrupt your network. Ensure constant router availability and optimal router resource usage with several built-in proactive monitors that OpManager offers. You can also visualize all your network routers with its various network topology mapping capabilities.</p> <p><img src="https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/images/router-performance-reports.JPG" alt="Router Monitoring - ManageEngine OpManager" title="Network router monitoring" /></p> <p>In addition to monitoring routers, OpManager is capable of doing so much more!</p> <p>Discover the full potential of OpManager today by <a href="https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/download.html" target="_self">downloading a free, 30-day trial </a>or <a href="https://www.manageengine.com/network-monitoring/demo-form.html" target="_self">scheduling a live demo with our product experts</a>!</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="sec-pTB bg-l-grey" id="VideosAndLogos"> <div class="container" style="max-width:1400px"> <div id="video_zone"> </div> <div id="customer-logo" data-custlogo="opm"></div> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="clearfix sec-pTB opmRelPrd mbH"> <div class="fea-nav container"> <div class="fea-nav-link clearfix"><span data-nav="allFeaDiv2">Related Products</span></div> <div class="fea-nav-list"> <div id="allFeaDiv2" class="fea-list-cont clearfix"> <ul> <li class="relOpm">» <a title="Network Monitoring - 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