CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "help.medium.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e993d170ca1ce82',cH: 'IwCn2.oMSrlfmtaHrOeHJbqlRhhdE0xA3xRyUR0uWaQ-1732785171-1.2.1.1-ZZ3F8qGyh2.QOWEE8VUI_.a.Jz9kcmU8BDPQEBqHvsuxkWNIgyOMVY4jUyCi3Qn4',cUPMDTk: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----f03bf92035c9--------------------------------&__cf_chl_tk=Q4qXcWQlCnUByp5lJJ6q8mJAoHugwrbIgyByNSexX1E-1732785171-1.0.1.1-MPqtWhfb8WOVZ69FvDcN20swkhRuhiAOpiX5aofsqQg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732785171',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----f03bf92035c9--------------------------------&__cf_chl_f_tk=Q4qXcWQlCnUByp5lJJ6q8mJAoHugwrbIgyByNSexX1E-1732785171-1.0.1.1-MPqtWhfb8WOVZ69FvDcN20swkhRuhiAOpiX5aofsqQg",md: "rXvjpCwDiyCyM9.BEYCTK014.bhA5Z6_OeTUeNa9Oew-1732785171-1.2.1.1-w42WRTWngY1I5dJqKt_B8iPDFOJ9hloy9E6XDQ2pDj66fgb_JmLdlj1R3pHbYohwK0UGwK9duI5hYxmLnnf9xPjQTma5dTMuaI4VxrNy61d_dUa6YSXvyvI5WeoOdUNG4eBUl6v1M3rzEm7K8jOmwp23ks7JlA9xssk5HfQy9es0tukp0Psdhyqm0CQKlYQVbP00yOiRXz.tBg128kBuUU4jxkufI7wsZS8MrvV4tnf1AyDlk.YLMOFvgi6pwgS5xdQKvIm2Ubzpj_2r9dBGBqxP6XTGRXuytkje7yTGMx8ao632qIk_VqA1m7lyCAILy6tgEN.kNiVscN1XV4nAHr3nTwWpRrEyOiKobagtd7SvtXqdywwCDWa9_MZkL5UuFz671NVGTstL8YcU0Tp_yOPl8X5rNJHKXHTLopTY3D5G2Ev.6MyfdOZr6GFTvIMHLRhEwv5TEqgaKn5EtZPYDINlGi4es.ePtZyc9h.EhxaPQKpFpSXTCw0apnnulAjbq1ZUKXNFgVTpXkN9czq9LDw1z9NpWCmhyY2gkpknBQ_FZT5kKnEN5NK9dLj3T8wm30rE695rDpLtA0fonHWRQBXtBkdHHXBzsPvNptvAY9emBGPrcQBF47xO5Df4IkFBwhmRIEymO4NFMNTp1HGCicnS1.vnX1YYYw3Gb81Z2rvHPXZAZOXiNAtpUQWFokkH_Q3mm5h_e72HaA1Jq321TwgOFnQbwx.PzIruLZF3IWNxK5nsxnLbsVu0GbdRhhmRIQFaJdPCAciKfyJ7HjYzu1G0gV3ElmOX88Qwr7KDH8tLwV.GHWhG_GxsrK4GpMN8O7em0LkzZ6jxXX6diRyCs.6Ywxy949yMShHCFdAaNqZ1JGWQrxHSpTnnnEbk67paanG6A.lz8FZuLOBEuIQI1fUSw9qRsYRznTLr58NV1.Z7oTru5fNb2DXpJFs6DE8w8Fkxa02XpnoTlJsK21lUcjZXyLs3tqEiv6moquNL3NDyZRifdLsxkCpGpipec1QoNCC6H2UeQeRvD3PAJ6RmLryXhevmmseIK1OcIlPlwcdNTvQbEBLgPIhaNpZJtNEl0kD53D3pbZfVGHjgWF1VWx1uVnJH0AGZEYU8IxCTAur.5FfFLDD4gyy.z4uLdgGt.rdJH5L01KGp5YvLAzEwacoU6ASJO3Sdw30pzH6TGSzbFhgBy9h0E9Dd4m8fHogt2xujfSU7SNA_CxN1c.3n1wAWqkYccDIJq0tLA36oGve7R8RmDuHV94mGgjIOvuTZOyicZ3BlGkpeY8NkmMxmcgViUUh.Z2JPeSuhSGBvu6UIoNF55KLeiehLSg3EH7_TVtgIqu.CaL7nGjautk23cbItE9qMJYN7C9y7p_QNTzHKPonVyrYGPd6ByL4qvxh93HFF_HMbE8EenMU.o76yaMZeIFn2_C0aMLZXxn_KKf2QuuWslF6COw7vCLQBGxUZF8NnwasQ52LRfPapXEOO6UODHhkAv.cLvXtoJJ1VTapVvWxssv0DKs.RDoSlrdszEswkgjgErLqTomRtTpb1hm6cYHoP0.hhTAX1_qzhz.YurO61R0gfdsebzZQeEjTJ1e5Q9gKspMXdg0GouonS0SWTQwnUx93NOR_jzPKQIHbl3s.rn8fpUVIaWOfTNoJb68FJO6Gk6rURWVxz3OBo3pA8uYnRpJiJu7dxA35R9.e5KNvhbqfHKjEmiShnyiZubmn6jFSousIQy66gsl_obuBlQndZ6P7G1l.I558frGd2sxx9A3GIAqCyXCenqChD0_4AMrlE4.dsQiNvifzFVl01AaVp9tgvGXROltUXOB2cTgZqB_HLW4Gz90bRg2hOL1NY_UOU_nKsamFe6ABUSEz0muGoKTXoCDYQR_NoWZpuI_kp5amqeXitaGWg_5JrrsrOSSbI_ru2nw0EKJnp4JaEWmXZ2PFvOEYSi0HqXhIF578h4xXX6OtPD.NuR1huzh0XqqpZjUBsrOmMoAcGNqUxrtUaj1NLnHbB8CEIjtVMlII25.OAtvlUxY6JaRAbgk25bsKInMBT12Hf8ADdqPwsD9XMQ.YYwU4RhIMQIoiLVB.2AEe5xIx9aYGA53ET924pFl9mv68uxZrMlVS.NyVRSO8Pak8QdcAg6icolZ03cb17xAYAHI2NJeTrsvNrU_IDbFrKD9LIK5JlJKIgrfvsMQODg6AqSGScVuaJFM8vV3UNTqBf_tTeQpvhVd_tWFONow_ohea3KSi0.wdTRhtV6YO3x32kr6QKz4HDvfgffiAtMPk.Ud8Bg6uk7S6Vtky6Yin_WhnanOtIMZLvDq4_iCVmuQ8OdmlCNi9z_.63dh92ufl9j1R_Mujg9Zd7Ku8uNLkhVAX3Sm9dP8S9vvV.bbwrbt2A6tOTGcGKEsxZogLDABubocXqEp.BYL0t4Y7Z3RxHWfDHZdbaT47O458th.WNXXOEQwnxkfRgWXRV07cVUz3A_wXJNtezgOP2kVv3wseakC_5mzb2mJdypILe_6rihZASxvO8T35H6ixsHZNEnpxf_dk5mazl3CxxlkvmuyraY8By5Co77laPW_dIK1yH07JqEs6F.Mtv1JdYeEWrGr2X_mqg9x0fFboBTIHTQGvSO6MbD.4g9e9YJ9OUUg3YLIHs3HCAUaJvc7I4h6D2QbyC1_FmfccjwTvjFwm1fCtQojh54oV3MeyWaJ1g0unt3mU3J4JDVUY47UiRF1kw6Pau9gxZlLyyRt9KNWu76wlMtAl1Kd1UHIFGbILiLwfgDLY0c49qxvKaTkq.NxRVL9myss9qDDiDFzSnd0_fim8ZObfaoEwPYNiyDSLqthpJ.cNhVEl5bd2L30xtmeRi06rJP0lILhmlFB3e8z178D1kNxVGyLvkTSIet1r8jzMmZhJ.gyU2K.POiHVM64XW_mBtE2lxvfHpibsx.nHhZj9xYh_MJFLRutEf1J_pE8MCGj7xQ7cQtSJ7fJ61cL60FsuLy625NFk0949IatU7tFm9cqy6C2ESVd6HyR4pF1TkdHlPu9CmHcdXwL2RXEvork53.j3Vs0PMSMAuLFpqZhQxxrKvU7MkASKbkA",mdrd: "unaKHAP1jULhF1_bSkyMSJJ7D3.8XBCRx3i4ZVbkCdo-1732785171-1.2.1.1-t59wvqSf10EIeTv7bFSIzbjTNnP8B1S_IUsaS6uF4R38WJwDkV.yAc668AMroYqy9ayUDE2mmzieE7dZ9RBqms44NOy6wLjYEm3Y9IVdtFYXoJ2bued4TICbF7ywsyM5t39V7pXe.qS5Xmbt9YeD4IPrAR4q3B_AteWjvCA3k02l9hrpjWIpp5bOQSg_DBLXK36sz9k23Zs.5guSXTPtjufJTVrrG7K21b8fOrNgiiwDtMtu9L0snJ_NFZ4qJ9oC8ZLGhf6K_2SuFdb0FCb4FKPeqO96SBPt.Oypn1AxmE.DhDt7g5xo7cYKsrXd3FPOEnhQ60Lf9TJ55rx9qvNRWdZF0lyRkUSPw5mLanFjOQIOMhoatT0Jtbw_IE7dHoXQljGOhB4VVbLTf0flzjBTXbf9pqYBqMiBGOqXEtRiaQv0SxSKcmFPm.X80GyqvY2usKC4nlrU6adSmgP8V5huaSEEeSNAuFfErTcUw0_KhFCnPuhEHpnC0st5lO.CBp2ASSHNQEJ4xk_aA7p7ZDlFq4D4TCwydFAGOaD7dvSUlfJoFywwvVmSKjDCjUSC4budVvXM_akphudT4ke.BDM1.msAuwUQZZ9.a_1jfHOB2Ft77J0uwwA.7imYDBzAkJ38F5QY_c0lfFPL1yTkx7Z6v6o.I3hnPwlpo.VveMIYldMrqCFBY7K4xfuZ1Qk1RswEGVqYlVG8EKQaq2GVso_Dkxngi6iyfUt5W9vScTffztaMHKdbgfYm0GisShZx4lvHyVG1wV6v6_o84b7KEStlj6VUA9daRHSmbUTmh.cwO9unUrLI6g9e7FYEKIhHL.3Uzck.zNdNeAt_GEni_n_yxHA._MwlqE8D5oMB1EVIf39o.kvzdCQNaFpl5va3MZIaNgwZ.9zE0tjP74Gnx6utulIzU6pNVG6zAmPWYJK8AzpvpkP90X5yJmW3ecaVlXeCfvkE_.RgzYEq.KzxE25yZSMq1lVex4jYreqdr.kuK37WQeKuM.nQLDrgRzWzYdFaVNiBOk3MqW6.Lk7ksGRKzsV2jLN5vikBkvYr3u.lhLSq1WGpzxcAMAOa3grh1F5wYVrv4moZUl1lMY8sjGe_UaXiLWRhIUKVDYoh8gX3TLolkSuUsb71BcZyrNAObdutrwIO7Qy4pDLWhNTF9u442z5TeoVZQdrlr_JpMjm4wqMDKUveJCd0EoklIOiDBKoxnc9.R2.6An_KohVVBWmEWSx.8lahlPsLEv_5etFfdFMzhuDsH7lMop0fATN8GzEZ.kDlqEOcrrf5VnWdZuzXfjF157eKJq1htEDDd5NsYj4fseq.rm.yAEY1BmQhhjaQmZ0700tNaZ5XnHsWy.Taa9TI.JwLMZ1r1xB96N1hT6QtO6r9ka9lLBow.HSVheHVJ.hUk2dzdQpEb4lhJNBF7b9We79quWSECShNIynF.isGhnqo8MYY7krgXOpo3hEWX15IjnfLPXHb5.qKRbI57i8E06AueaYjsvNSKi88jbpqDEryFXCbJEORMMDOB8ZNOSk9Rha8BhwFs0uFaTDmKHCeC2_bqHiYsvc3RHkkuEb4GBH3Rmp1reupwHiwdxARyzlUsxtqVRDudhZXVVYg3ffEIe7kXJABlZd5RGgKkdZtQuSIa.qik6x1iqp1pliONq8hnBWrxtRihPcR2CFTAVRI_zNaiukdBTM1oKvGvGI24DwEDnmk2nWSbC8SNLxCveSTKyKsTM5q0evln9S2Md0klyKn.jzDdUXms9IFhl6NU5vok21VOkTQEtreQa8gJNkpWcZ019MCrVUpOqAtnjtOw3wxSv8mOj_NYUgZ5ap0Z.e.F_UyPzNrVgBXsxjkOP3lFYiz7tVAOeWqNNMvwgrAWH2N6UMhKpzDrLVFG6UHEensOVEF14S2q9MtAAo4aVn5RM4.GdpmlzCu.a.pwK.c7cKMbGAB_3YhGGlwMsU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e993d170ca1ce82';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----f03bf92035c9--------------------------------&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Q4qXcWQlCnUByp5lJJ6q8mJAoHugwrbIgyByNSexX1E-1732785171-1.0.1.1-MPqtWhfb8WOVZ69FvDcN20swkhRuhiAOpiX5aofsqQg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>