Source control workflow | Android Open Source Project

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</devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://source.android.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Android Open Source Project" > AOSP </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://source.android.com/docs" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Docs </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://source.android.com/docs/setup" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Getting Started </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Source control workflow </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix ">  <p> Working with Android code requires using <strong>Git</strong> (an open-source version control system) and <strong>Repo</strong> (a Google-built repository management tool that runs on top of Git). See <a href="/docs/setup/develop">Source Control Tools</a> for an explanation of the relationship between Repo and Git and links to supporting documentation for each tool.</p> <h2 id="workflow" data-text="Flow" tabindex="-1">Flow</h2> <p> Android development involves the following basic workflow: </p> <ol> <li>Start a new topic branch using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo start</code>. </li> <li>Edit the files. </li> <li>Stage changes using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git add</code>. </li> <li>Commit changes using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git commit</code>. </li> <li>Upload changes to the review server using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo upload</code>. </li> </ol> <h2 id="tasks" data-text="Tasks" tabindex="-1">Tasks</h2> <p> Working with Git and Repo in the Android code repositories involves performing the following common tasks. </p> <table> <tr> <th>Command</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo init</code></td> <td>Initializes a new client.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code></td> <td>Syncs the client to the repositories.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo start</code></td> <td>Starts a new branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo status</code></td> <td>Shows the status of the current branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo upload</code></td> <td>Uploads changes to the review server.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git add</code></td> <td>Stages the files.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git commit</code></td> <td>Commits the staged files.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git branch</code></td> <td>Shows the current branches.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git branch [branch]</code></td> <td>Creates a new topic branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git checkout [branch]</code></td> <td>Switches <code translate="no" dir="ltr">HEAD</code> to the specified branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git merge [branch]</code></td> <td>Merges <code translate="no" dir="ltr">[branch]</code> into current branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git diff</code></td> <td>Shows diff of the unstaged changes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git diff --cached</code></td> <td>Shows diff of the staged changes.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git log</code></td> <td>Shows the history of the current branch.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git log m/[codeline]..</code></td> <td>Shows the commits that aren't pushed.</td> </tr> </table> <p> For information about using Repo to download source, see <a href="/docs/setup/download/downloading">Downloading the Source</a> and the <a href="/docs/setup/reference/repo">Repo Command Reference</a>. </p> <h3 id="synchronizing-clients" data-text="Synchronizing clients" tabindex="-1">Synchronizing clients</h3> <p> To synchronize the files for all available projects: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded>repo sync</pre></devsite-code> <p> To synchronize the files for selected projects: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo sync <var translate="no">PROJECT0 PROJECT1 ... PROJECTN</var> </pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="creating-topic-branches" data-text="Creating topic branches" tabindex="-1">Creating topic branches</h2> <p> Start a topic branch in your local work environment whenever you begin a change, such as when you begin work on a bug or new feature. A topic branch <strong>isn't</strong> a copy of the original files; it's a pointer to a particular commit, which makes creating local branches and switching among them a lightweight operation. By using branches, you can isolate one aspect of your work from the others. For an interesting article about using topic branches, refer to <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt">Separating topic branches</a>. </p> <p> To start a topic branch using Repo, navigate to the project and run: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo start <var translate="no">BRANCH_NAME</var> . </pre></devsite-code> <p> The trailing period (<code translate="no" dir="ltr"> .</code>) represents the project in the current working directory. </p> <p> To verify that the new branch was created: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo status . </pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="using-topic-branches" data-text="Using topic branches" tabindex="-1">Using topic branches</h2> <p>To assign the branch to a specific project:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo start <var translate="no">BRANCH_NAME PROJECT_NAME</var> </pre></devsite-code> <p>For a list of all projects, refer to <a href="https://android.googlesource.com/">android.googlesource.com</a>. If you've already navigated to the project directory, just use a period to represent the current project. </p> <p> To switch to another branch in your local work environment: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> git checkout <var translate="no">BRANCH_NAME</var> </pre></devsite-code> <p> To view a list of existing branches: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> git branch </pre></devsite-code> <p>or</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo branches </pre></devsite-code> <p> Both commands return the list of existing branches with the name of the current branch preceded by an asterisk (*). </p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> A bug might cause <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code> to reset the local topic branch. If <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git branch</code> shows * (no branch) after you run <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code>, run <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git checkout</code> again.</aside> <h2 id="staging-files" data-text="Staging files" tabindex="-1">Staging files</h2> <p> By default, Git notices but doesn't track the changes that you make in a project. To tell Git to preserve your changes, you must mark or <em>stage</em> those changes for inclusion in a commit. </p> <p> To stage changes: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> git add </pre></devsite-code> <p> This command accepts arguments for files or directories within the project directory. Despite the name, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git add</code> doesn't just add files to the Git repository; it can also be used to stage file modifications and deletions. </p> <h2 id="viewing-client-status" data-text="Viewing client status" tabindex="-1">Viewing client status</h2> <p> To list the state of files: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo status </pre></devsite-code> <p> To view uncommitted edits (local edits that are <strong>not</strong> marked for commit): </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo diff </pre></devsite-code> <p> To view committed edits (located edits that <strong>are marked</strong> for commit), ensure that you're in the project directory then run <code translate="no" dir="ltr">git diff</code> with the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">cached</code> argument: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">cd <var translate="no">~/WORKING_DIRECTORY/PROJECT</var></code> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">git diff --cached</code> </pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="committing-changes" data-text="Committing changes" tabindex="-1">Committing changes</h2> <p> A <em>commit</em> is the basic unit of revision control in Git and consists of a snapshot of the directory structure and file contents for the entire project. Use this command to create a commit in Git: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> git commit </pre></devsite-code> <p> When prompted for a commit message, provide a short (but helpful) message for changes submitted to AOSP. If you don't add a commit message, the commit fails.</p> <aside class="special">Clear, concise, detailed commit messages are important and required. For guidance on creating them, see <a href="/docs/setup/contribute/submit-patches#make-your-change">Making your change</a></aside> <h3 id="uploading-changes-to-gerrit" data-text="Uploading changes to Gerrit" tabindex="-1">Uploading changes to Gerrit</h3> <p> Update to the latest revision, then upload the change: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">repo upload</code> </pre></devsite-code> <p> These commands return a list of changes you have committed and prompt you to select the branches to upload to the review server. If there's only one branch, you see a simple <code translate="no" dir="ltr">y/n</code> prompt. </p> <h3 id="resolving-sync-conflicts" data-text="Resolving sync conflicts" tabindex="-1">Resolving sync conflicts</h3> <p> If the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code> command returns sync conflicts: </p> <ol> <li>View the files that are unmerged (status code = U).</li> <li>Edit the conflict regions as necessary.</li> <li>Change to the relevant project directory. Add and commit the affected files, then rebase the changes: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">git add .</code> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">git commit</code> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">git rebase --continue</code> </pre></devsite-code> </li> <li>After the rebase completes, start the entire sync again: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> repo sync <var translate="no">PROJECT0 PROJECT1 ... PROJECTN</var> </pre></devsite-code> </li> </ol> <h2 id="cleaning-up-client-files" data-text="Cleaning up clients" tabindex="-1">Cleaning up clients</h2> <p> After merging changes to Gerrit, update your local working directory, then use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">repo prune</code> to safely remove stale topic branches: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">repo sync</code> <code class="devsite-terminal" translate="no" dir="ltr">repo prune</code> </pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="deleting-clients" data-text="Deleting clients" tabindex="-1">Deleting clients</h2> <p> Because all state information is stored in your client, you only need to delete the directory from your file system: </p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded> rm -rf <var translate="no">WORKING_DIRECTORY</var> </pre></devsite-code> <p> Deleting a client <em>permanently deletes</em> any changes you haven't uploaded for review. </p> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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