Great Mysteries in Astrophysics - Book

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head>   <title>Great Mysteries in Astrophysics - Book - IOPscience</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <script> function DeferJS(src) { function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = src; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); else window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; } </script> <meta name="citation_title" content="Great Mysteries in Astrophysics: A guide to what we don’t know"></meta><meta name="citation_author" content="Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning"></meta><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="University of New Mexico, Los Alamos, NM 87544"></meta><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/10/01"></meta><meta name="citation_publisher" content="IOP Publishing"></meta><meta name="citation_isbn" content="978-0-7503-4051-9"></meta><meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://iopscience.iop.org/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9.preview.pdf"></meta><meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://iopscience.iop.org/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/xml"></meta><meta name="citation_abstract" content="<p>This book explores the biggest gaps in current research of the universe. The text covers topics such as dark matter, dark energy, the Hubble constant/tension, deaths of massive stars, mysteries associated with black holes, neutron stars, and binary/ multiple systems. Written at a general and accessible level, each chapter also contains separate panel inserts with more technical explanations, as well as references for further details. As a highly useful reference book it provides a summary of where mysteries in the universe lie and exciting new avenues of future research. The text fills an important gap in current scientific literature and appeals to general audiences, astronomy students, and scientists in other disciplines.</p><p>Key features</p><p>• Appeals to a broad audience on a topic that is universally interesting.</p><p>• Useful for a general audience, as well as students looking to choose a research field and scientist in other fields desiring a better handle on the sub-fields of astrophysics research.</p><p>• Invites the reader to ponder fundamental questions and engage in the pursuit of understanding our universe.</p>"></meta><meta name="asset_id" content="10__1088_2514-3433_ac8975"></meta><meta name="asset_type" content="book"></meta> <script type="text/javascript"> //start common.config (function () { let config = {"SHOW_REFERENCE_ENTITLEMENT":"false","SECURED_ENVIRONMENT":"true","ENABLE_MATHJAX_BY_DEFAULT":"true"} || {}; window.config = {...config, ...window.config}; })(); //end common.config </script> <script> var _urconfig = { sid: "defc3a7d-4b34-4b6f-ad1c-0716e0a05a65", aip: 0, usePageProtocol: false }; (function (d, s) { var js = d.createElement(s), sc = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; js.src = "https://hit.uptrendsdata.com/rum.min.js"; js.async = "async"; sc.parentNode.insertBefore(js, sc); } (document, "script")); </script>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" />        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/css/critical-styles.min.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.iopscience.com/3.72.3/css/main-styles.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>        <script> window.iabConfig = { allowedVendors: ['755','804', '1020'], allowedGoogleVendors: [] } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push( {'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'} ); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? 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class="offscreen-hidden">, Front matter</span></a> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch0.epub" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="ePub" title="Front matter"><span class="icon-epub"></span><span class="offscreen-hidden">Download </span>ePub chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Front matter</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 1-1 to 1-18</div> <span class="eyebrow"> <span class="offscreen-hidden">The following chapter is </span><span class="red">Free to read</span> </span> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch1">Introduction</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a 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class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch2">How We See the Universe</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch2" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="How We See the Universe"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, How We See the Universe</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch2.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="How We See the Universe" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, How We See the Universe</span></a> <a 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4-15</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch4">The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch4" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch4.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension</span></a> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch4.epub" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="ePub" title="The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension"><span class="icon-epub"></span><span class="offscreen-hidden">Download </span>ePub chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, The Expansion of the Universe and the Hubble Tension</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 5-1 to 5-12</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch5">The First Stars and Galaxies</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a 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class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 6-1 to 6-9</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch6">Couples+</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch6" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="Couples+"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Couples+</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch6.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="Couples+" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Couples+</span></a> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch6.epub" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="ePub" title="Couples+"><span class="icon-epub"></span><span class="offscreen-hidden">Download </span>ePub chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Couples+</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 7-1 to 7-14</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch7">How Massive Stars Die</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch7" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="How Massive Stars Die"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span 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art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch8" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch8.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars</span></a> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch8.epub" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="ePub" title="Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars"><span class="icon-epub"></span><span class="offscreen-hidden">Download </span>ePub chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Matter at Extreme Densities—Neutron Stars</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 9-1 to 9-18</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch9">And Then What? ... Black Holes!</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch9" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="And Then What? … Black Holes!"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, And Then What? ... Black Holes!</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch9.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="And Then What? … Black Holes!" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, And Then What? ... 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Black Holes!</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div class="art-list-item-body"> <div class="indexer">Pages 10-1 to 10-9</div> <h2 class="art-list-item-title"><a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch10">Looking Forward</a></h2> <p class="small art-list-item-meta"><span itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="nowrap"><span itemprop="name">Nicole M Lloyd-Ronning</span></span></p> <div class="art-list-item-tools small"> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch10" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="View chapter" title="Looking Forward"><span class="icon-article"></span>View chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Looking Forward</span></a> <a target="_blank" href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch10.pdf" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="PDF" title="Looking Forward" rel="noopener"><span class="icon-file-pdf"></span>PDF chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Looking Forward</span></a> <a href="/book/mono/978-0-7503-4051-9/chapter/bk978-0-7503-4051-9ch10.epub" class="mr-2 event_book-mini-link" data-event-action="ePub" title="Looking Forward"><span class="icon-epub"></span><span class="offscreen-hidden">Download </span>ePub chapter<span class="offscreen-hidden">, Looking Forward</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" id="book-about-tab" aria-labelledby="book-about" hidden=""> <div class="tab-content-padding"> <div class="article-meta">  <div id="wd-bk-pg-extent"> <h2 class="replica-h4">Extent</h2> <p itemprop="datePublished">164pp</p> </div>   <div id="wd-bk-pg-doi"> <h2 class="replica-h4"><abbr title="digital object identifier"><span class="replica-abbr">D O I</span></abbr></h2> <p> <a itemprop="sameAs" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2514-3433/ac8975">https://doi.org/10.1088/2514-3433/ac8975</a> </p> </div>  <div id="wd-bk-pg-readership"><h2 class="replica-h4">Readership</h2><p>General audience, astronomy students and scientists in other disciplines.</p></div>  <div id="wd-bk-pg-dates"> <h2 class="replica-h4">Dates</h2> <p itemprop="datePublished">Published October 2022</p> </div>  <div id="wd-bk-pg-bk-links"> <h2 class="replica-h4">Books links</h2> <p><a href="/page/ePub3">About ePub3</a></p> <p><a href="https://ioppublishing.org/publications/our-books/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">About IOP ebooks<svg class="fa-icon fa-icon--right" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><title>opens in new tab</title><path d="M320 0c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32h82.7L201.4 265.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L448 109.3V192c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32V32c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32H320zM80 32C35.8 32 0 67.8 0 112V432c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80H400c44.2 0 80-35.8 80-80V320c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V432c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H80c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V112c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16H192c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32H80z"/></svg></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" id="book-authors-tab" aria-labelledby="book-authors" hidden=""> <div class="tab-content-padding">  <div id="wd-bk-auth-aff"> <h2 class="replica-h4">Affiliations</h2> <p>University of New Mexico, Los Alamos, NM 87544</p> </div>  <div id="wd-bk-pg-about-the-author"><h2 class="replica-h4">About the author</h2><p>Nicole Lloyd-Ronning is an astrophysicist in Northern New Mexico who studies all aspects of the physics behind the deaths of massive stars, the black hole--accretion disk systems they leave behind, the relativistic jets they launch, and the role these events play in global star formation throughout the history of our universe. She received the Distinguished Mentor Award at Los Alamos National Lab in 2019, the Faculty Initiative Award at University of New Mexico, Los Alamos in 2020 and the Los Alamos National Lab Community Medal in 2021.</p></div> </div> </div>    <div tabindex="0" role="tabpanel" id="book-review-tab" aria-labelledby="book-review" hidden=""> <div class="tab-content-padding art-list"> <br/> <div class="art-list-item"> <div><p>The book conveys the general sense that the pursuit of knowledge never ends: we can never draw a line and say this is the final answer. Lloyd-Ronning frequently states that deep mysteries may point to new physics, or to something as mundane as calibration issues, or the way we conduct our observations. Lloyd-Ronning's book is a thoroughly good (if in some places, demanding) read, and at £30/$50, is excellent value for money. Your library should have a copy, and the book should appeal to a wide spectrum of physics and mathematics abilities. I'd recommend it to professionals who are interested in getting to know more about the latest in high-energy astrophysics, and to the adventurous novice who is keen to know how scientists in general, and astrophysicists in particular, conduct their business.</p><p>A. Evans, The Observatory, October 2023</p></div> </div> <div class="art-list-item"> <div><p>The quality of this AAS-IOP astronomy book is as exceptional as its other courses in high-energy physics, astronomy, astrophysics, solar physics, planetary science and laboratory physics, instrumentation, software and data sciences.</p><p>Alexander Fritz, Contemporary Physics, Jul 2024</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="da2 ta2"> </div> </div>  </main> <div class="da3 ta1"> <div class="side-and-below"> <aside aria-labelledby="book-related-content-heading" class="boxout bdt-6 related" id="wd-related"> <h2 id="book-related-content-heading" class="replica-h3">You may also like</h2> <div class="related-content-lists"> <h3 class="related-article-hd replica-h4">Journal articles</h3> <div class="related-article-list"> <ul class=""> <li> <a class="event_book-related-article" href="/article/10.1088/0957-0233/8/6/021">Control Engineering Solutions: a Practical Approach</a> </li> <li> <a class="event_book-related-article" href="/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2322/1/012090">Predictive Maintenance with PCA Approach for Multi Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) in The Framework of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) Planning</a> </li> <li> <a class="event_book-related-article" href="/article/10.1088/0031-9120/34/5/605">Revolution or flight from reality? 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'> 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