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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-László_Bíró" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#László_Bíró"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>László Bíró</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-László_Bíró-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluzione_e_adattamenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluzione_e_adattamenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Evoluzione e adattamenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluzione_e_adattamenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struttura_e_funzionamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struttura_e_funzionamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Struttura e funzionamento</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Struttura_e_funzionamento-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Struttura e funzionamento</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Struttura_e_funzionamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cartuccia_pressurizzata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartuccia_pressurizzata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cartuccia pressurizzata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartuccia_pressurizzata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penna a sfera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 79 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%81" title="قلم حبر جاف - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلم حبر جاف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%81" title="قلم حبر جاف - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قلم حبر جاف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%27%E0%A6%A8" title="বলপে'ন - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বলপে'ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyirc%C9%99kli_q%C9%99l%C9%99m" title="Diyircəkli qələm - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diyircəkli qələm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химикалка - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химикалка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE" title="বলপয়েন্ট কলম - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বলপয়েন্ট কলম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%ADgraf" title="Bolígraf - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bolígraf" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-b%C3%A9k" title="Nguòng-cṳ̄-bék - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-cṳ̄-bék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiska" title="Propiska - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Propiska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuglepen" title="Kuglepen - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kuglepen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelschreiber" title="Kugelschreiber - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kugelschreiber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Στιλό διαρκείας - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στιλό διαρκείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballpoint_pen" title="Ballpoint pen - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ballpoint pen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globkrajono" title="Globkrajono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Globkrajono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%ADgrafo" title="Bolígrafo - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bolígrafo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastapliiats" title="Pastapliiats - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pastapliiats" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolaluma" title="Bolaluma - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bolaluma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="خودکار (نوشت‌افزار) - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودکار (نوشت‌افزار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuulak%C3%A4rkikyn%C3%A4" title="Kuulakärkikynä - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuulakärkikynä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastaplei%C3%A4ts" title="Pastapleiäts - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pastapleiäts" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylo_%C3%A0_bille" title="Stylo à bille - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stylo à bille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%C3%ADgrafo" title="Bolígrafo - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bolígrafo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8" title="બોલપેન - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોલપેન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wekantin" title="Wekantin - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Wekantin" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballpen" title="Ballpen - hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ballpen" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%81-pit" title="Ngièn-chṳ́-pit - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-chṳ́-pit" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="עט כדורי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עט כדורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="बॉलपेन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बॉलपेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_olovka" title="Kemijska olovka - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska olovka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goly%C3%B3stoll" title="Golyóstoll - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Golyóstoll" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Գնդիկավոր գրիչ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գնդիկավոր գրիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolpoin" title="Bolpoin - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bolpoin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul-plumo" title="Bul-plumo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bul-plumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3" title="ボールペン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボールペン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp%C3%A8n" title="Pulpèn - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pulpèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბურთულიანი კალამი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბურთულიანი კალამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Қаламсап - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қаламсап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%8E%9C" title="볼펜 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼펜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тоб къалам - karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тоб къалам" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamus_sphaeralis" title="Calamus sphaeralis - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calamus sphaeralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bic_(Schreifgeschier)" title="Bic (Schreifgeschier) - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bic (Schreifgeschier)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%A1inukas" title="Tušinukas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tušinukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod%C4%AB%C5%A1u_pildspalva" title="Lodīšu pildspalva - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lodīšu pildspalva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB" title="ബോൾ പെൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോൾ പെൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_mata_bola" title="Pen mata bola - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pen mata bola" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဘောပွိုင့်ပင် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘောပွိုင့်ပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ختکار - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ختکار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telconalli" title="Telconalli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Telconalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="डटपेन - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डटपेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balpen" title="Balpen - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balpen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulepenn" title="Kulepenn - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kulepenn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boligraf" title="Boligraf - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boligraf" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਾਲ ਪੈੱਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਲ ਪੈੱਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%82ugopis" title="Długopis - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Długopis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caneta_esferogr%C3%A1fica" title="Caneta esferográfica - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caneta esferográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump%27u_qillqana" title="Rump'u qillqana - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rump'u qillqana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pix" title="Pix - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шариковая ручка - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шариковая ручка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballpoint_pen" title="Ballpoint pen - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ballpoint pen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dni_svin%C4%8Dnik" title="Kemični svinčnik - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemični svinčnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsi_kimik" title="Lapsi kimik - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lapsi kimik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хемијска оловка - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијска оловка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp%C3%A9n" title="Pulpén - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pulpén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulspetspenna" title="Kulspetspenna - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kulspetspenna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="குமிழ்முனைப் பேனா - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குமிழ்முனைப் பேனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బాల్ పెన్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాల్ పెన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Худкор (навиштафзор) - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Худкор (навиштафзор)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ปากกาลูกลื่น - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปากกาลูกลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolpen" title="Bolpen - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bolpen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCkenmez_kalem" title="Tükenmez kalem - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tükenmez kalem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кулькова ручка - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кулькова ручка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بال پوائنٹ پین - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بال پوائنٹ پین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAt_bi" title="Bút bi - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bút bi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylo" title="Stylo - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stylo" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolpen" title="Bolpen - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bolpen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%AC%94" title="原子笔 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子笔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="באל-פאוינט פעדער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באל-פאוינט פעדער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%AD%86" title="原子筆 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原子筆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%AD%86" title="原子筆 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子筆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160137#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg/220px-Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="484" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg/330px-Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg/440px-Ballpoint-pen-parts_vert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Penna a sfera a scatto, smontata e intera</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>penna a sfera</b>, o anche <b>biro</b> dal nome del suo inventore <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3" title="László Bíró">László Bíró</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbr_bat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è uno strumento per <a href="/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura">scrivere</a> su <a href="/wiki/Carta" title="Carta">carta</a> che rilascia inchiostro da un serbatoio interno attraverso l'azione di rotolamento di una sfera metallica a contatto con la carta. La sfera, di diametro variabile, è solitamente costruita in <a href="/wiki/Ottone_(lega)" title="Ottone (lega)">ottone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a> o <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_tungsteno" title="Carburo di tungsteno">carburo di tungsteno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originariamente concepite e sviluppate come alternativa affidabile e pulita alle <a href="/wiki/Penna_stilografica" title="Penna stilografica">penne stilografiche</a>, le penne a sfera sono ormai lo strumento di scrittura a mano dominante.<sup id="cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpp_encyc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il concetto di utilizzare una sfera all'interno di uno strumento di scrittura, come metodo per applicare dell'inchiostro su carta, esiste dal XIX secolo. In queste invenzioni un tubo sottile veniva riempito d'inchiostro, la sommità del tubo veniva bloccata da una piccola pallina, montata in modo che non potesse scivolare dentro il tubo o fuoriuscire dalla penna. Quando la punta della penna veniva fatta scorrere sulla carta, la pallina girando trascinava con sé l'inchiostro disegnando così sulla carta. </p><p>Il primo <a href="/wiki/Brevetto" title="Brevetto">brevetto</a> di una penna a sfera<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è stato registrato il 30 ottobre 1888 da un conciatore di pelli di nome John J. Loud.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questi stava tentando di costruire uno strumento di scrittura in grado di scrivere sui suoi prodotti in pelle, cosa che le penne stilografiche di allora non potevano fare. La penna di Loud era composta principalmente da un tubo contenente l'inchiostro e da una piccola sfera rotante di acciaio inserita sulla punta. Anche se poteva essere usata per marcare superfici ruvide come il cuoio, si rivelò troppo grossa per scrivere lettere sulla carta. In assenza di redditività commerciale, il suo potenziale non fu sfruttato e il brevetto alla fine decadde. </p><p>La fabbricazione di penne a sfera economiche e affidabili come le conosciamo adesso nasce dalla sperimentazione, dalla chimica moderna e dalla capacità nel XX secolo di produrre oggetti meccanici di precisione.<sup id="cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpp_encyc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I brevetti depositati in tutto il mondo durante lo sviluppo iniziale testimoniano molti dei tentativi falliti di produrre penne a livello commerciale.<sup id="cite_ref-web_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le prime penne non depositavano in modo uniforme l'inchiostro, si verificavano fuoriuscite d'inchiostro o la punta si ostruiva facilmente; questi sono stati alcuni degli ostacoli che gli inventori hanno dovuto affrontare nel corso dello sviluppo di penne a sfera affidabili.<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per esempio, se la presa della sfera fosse stata troppo stretta o l'inchiostro troppo spesso, questo non avrebbe raggiunto la carta. Se la presa della sfera invece fosse stata troppo lenta o l'inchiostro troppo fluido, la penna avrebbe avuto perdite o poteva macchiare.<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una determinata fluidità e viscosità dell'inchiostro, il serbatoio d'inchiostro pressurizzato a pistone, le molle, l'azione capillare e la gravità sono alcune delle tecniche che hanno permesso di risolvere questi problemi.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg/310px-Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg/465px-Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg/620px-Ballpointpentip_lessnoise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>La sfera nella punta di una penna a inchiostro blu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="László_Bíró"><span id="L.C3.A1szl.C3.B3_B.C3.ADr.C3.B3"></span>László Bíró</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione László Bíró" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: László Bíró"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_J%C3%B3zsef_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="László József Bíró">László Bíró</a>, un giornalista ungherese, frustrato dalla quantità di tempo sprecato a riempire le penne stilografiche e pulire le pagine macchiate, notò che gli inchiostri usati nella stampa di giornali asciugavano rapidamente, lasciando la carta asciutta e senza sbavature. Decise così di creare una penna utilizzando lo stesso tipo di inchiostro.<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bíró si avvalse dell'aiuto del fratello György, dentista con competenze in chimica,<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per sviluppare la formula di un inchiostro viscoso, adatto ad essere utilizzato nella sua penna a sfera.<sup id="cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpp_encyc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'innovazione di Bíró fu proprio la combinazione di un inchiostro ad alta viscosità con un meccanismo a sfera, che agivano in modo da evitare che l'inchiostro si asciugasse all'interno del serbatoio, consentendo così un flusso più controllato.<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bíró il 15 giugno 1938 depositò in Gran Bretagna un brevetto della sua penna.<sup id="cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbr_bat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1941 i fratelli Bíró fuggirono dall'Europa insieme ad un amico, Juan Jorge Meyne, e si trasferirono in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, dove fondarono la <i>Bírós Pen of Argentina</i> e nel 1943 depositarono un nuovo brevetto.<sup id="cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbr_bat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La loro penna venne venduta in Argentina come <i>Birome</i> (dai nomi di Bíró e Meyne), tanto che in quel paese le penne a sfera sono ancora note con quel nome. Questo nuovo progetto venne approvato dagli inglesi, che introdussero le penne a sfera per gli equipaggi della <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> con il nome di <i>Biro</i>. Le penne a sfera si dimostrarono più versatili delle penne stilografiche, soprattutto in alta quota, dove le stilografiche erano più soggette a perdite di inchiostro.<sup id="cite_ref-how_bpw_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evoluzione_e_adattamenti">Evoluzione e adattamenti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Evoluzione e adattamenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Evoluzione e adattamenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel tempo la penna a sfera subì evoluzioni ed adattamenti rispetto allo sviluppo tecnologico ed alle regioni di utilizzo; per esempio in <a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Cina</a> ed in altri paesi asiatici vengono preferite le punte da 0,38 a 0,7 mm di diametro, che meglio si adattano alla scrittura a <a href="/wiki/Ideogrammi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideogrammi">ideogrammi</a>, mentre nei paesi occidentali si preferisce la misura da 1 mm. </p><p>Dal 1991 alcune aziende produttrici di penne a sfera forano la punta del cappuccio nei modelli con cappuccio rimovibile; questo serve a prevenire il possibile soffocamento di un bambino nel caso dovesse inavvertitamente ingoiarlo.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struttura_e_funzionamento">Struttura e funzionamento</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Struttura e funzionamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Struttura e funzionamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif/220px-Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif/330px-Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif/440px-Close-up-of-the-tip-of-a-ballpoint-pen.gif 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Funzionamento di una penna a sfera (i colori sono invertiti per evidenziare meglio il movimento della sfera)</figcaption></figure> <p>La punta della penna a sfera è realizzata normalmente in <a href="/wiki/Ottone_(lega)" title="Ottone (lega)">ottone</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Alpacca" title="Alpacca">alpacca</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Plastica" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastica">plastica</a> o in <a href="/wiki/Acciaio_inossidabile" title="Acciaio inossidabile">acciaio inossidabile</a>. All'interno della punta vi è una cavità che contiene un inchiostro <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">viscoso</a> che viene distribuito sulla carta grazie al <a href="/wiki/Rotolamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotolamento">rotolamento</a> di una piccola <a href="/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera">sfera</a> metallica (del diametro compreso tra 0,38 e 1,6 millimetri) posta all'estremità della punta: scrivendo infatti si determina per trascinamento la rotazione di detta sfera, questa sporcandosi d'inchiostro nella sua estremità a contatto col capillare plastico pieno dell'inchiostro lo rilascia poi, proseguendo la rotazione, appunto sul foglio. </p><p>L'inchiostro si secca quasi immediatamente al contatto della carta, che deve essere preferibilmente un poco <a href="/wiki/Porosit%C3%A0" title="Porosità">porosa</a>. Recentemente, grazie allo sviluppo di nuovi inchiostri, alcuni produttori hanno introdotto misure di sfera maggiorate fino a 1,6 mm, che costituisce attualmente il limite massimo reperibile in commercio. </p><p>I motivi che impediscono per il momento l'utilizzo di sfere di maggiore diametro sono principalmente due: </p> <ul><li>il rischio di fuoriuscita accidentale di inchiostro dalla punta</li> <li>la difficoltà che la punta avrebbe nello scrivere immediatamente dopo essere stata appoggiata sul foglio (proprietà tecnicamente detta <i>starting</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cartuccia_pressurizzata">Cartuccia pressurizzata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Cartuccia pressurizzata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Cartuccia pressurizzata"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alcuni modelli di penne a sfera sono dotati di cartuccia pressurizzata, per renderne possibile l'impiego in ambienti diversi da quelli tradizionali. In particolare, la <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Space_Pen" title="Fisher Space Pen">Fisher Space Pen</a> è stata pensata per l'uso in assenza di gravità o sott'acqua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lbr_bat-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-lbr_bat_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mary Bellis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ballpoint-pens-laszlo-biro-4078959"><span style="font-style:italic;">Inventor Laszlo Biro and the Battle of the Ballpoint Pens</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">thoughtco.com</span>, 22 febbraio 2018. <small>URL consultato il 19 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/question683.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">How does a ball point pen work?</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">science.howstuffworks.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bpp_encyc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-bpp_encyc_3-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/culture-magazines/ballpoint-pen"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ballpoint Pen</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">encyclopedia.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-how_bpw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-how_bpw_4-6">g</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Melissa Russell-Ausley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.howstuffworks.com/pen.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">How Ballpoint Pens Work</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">home.howstuffworks.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Collingridge, M. R. <i>et al.</i> (2007) "Ink Reservoir Writing Instruments 1905–20" <i>Transactions of the Newcomen Society</i> 77(1): pp. 69–100, page 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Great Britain Patent No. 15630, 30 October 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web-7"><a href="#cite_ref-web_7-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526230309/http://www.asme.org/about-asme/history/landmarks/topics-m-z/manufacturing---2/-236-birome-ballpoint-pen-collection-(1938-1948)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Birome Ballpoint Pen Collection</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">asme.org</span>, 29 settembre 2005 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.asme.org/about-asme/history/landmarks/topics-m-z/manufacturing---2/-236-birome-ballpoint-pen-collection-(1938-1948)">url originale</abbr> il 26 maggio 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Collingridge, M. R. <i>et al.</i> (2007) "Ink Reservoir Writing Instruments 1905–20" <i>Transactions of the Newcomen Society</i> 77(1): pp. 69–100, page 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Webshark Ltd. - www.webshark.hu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012134119/http://herend.com/herald/012/eng/eletmod.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">A porcelán-arany csoda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">herend.com</span>, Herend. <small>URL consultato l'11 settembre 2010</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.herend.com/herald/012/eng/eletmod.htm">url originale</abbr> il 12 ottobre 2007)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Marco Belpoliti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doppiozero.com/lavventurosa-storia-di-laszlo-biro-e-del-barone-bich"><span style="font-style:italic;">L’avventurosa storia di László Bíró e del Barone Bich</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.doppiozero.com</span>, 18 aprile 2021. <small>URL consultato il 19 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>The first complete specifications appear to be UK 498997, June 1938 and UK 512218, December 1938; his rather basic Hungarian patent 120037 was dated April 1938.</i> Collingridge, M. R. <i>et al.</i> (2007) "Ink Reservoir Writing Instruments 1905–20" <i>Transactions of the Newcomen Society</i> 77(1): pp. 69–100, page 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/scienze---tech/11872639/Bic-tappo-penna-.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il segreto del foro sul tappo della biro..</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">liberoquotidiano.it</span>, 20 gennaio 2016. <small>URL consultato il 21 ottobre 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_J%C3%B3zsef_B%C3%ADr%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="László József Bíró">László József Bíró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penna_(scrittura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penna (scrittura)">Penna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penna_d%27oca" title="Penna d'oca">Penna d'oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penna_stilografica" title="Penna stilografica">Penna stilografica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/biro" class="extiw" title="wikt:biro">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Ballpens"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ballpens?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/biro" class="extiw" title="wikt:biro">biro</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ballpens?uselang=it">biro</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.placidasignora.com/2007/11/14/da-una-biglia-nacque-la-biro/">Da una biglia nacque la biro</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Mit%C3%AC_Vigliero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitì Vigliero">Mitì Vigliero</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85011222">sh85011222</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4528360-6">4528360-6</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17031939h">cb17031939h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17031939h">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282308405171">987007282308405171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Science-symbol-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scienza e tecnica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/25px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/38px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/50px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="87" data-file-height="87" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Scienza_e_tecnica" title="Portale:Scienza e tecnica">Portale Scienza e tecnica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di scienza e tecnica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&oldid=139697993">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penna_a_sfera&oldid=139697993</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Scrittura" title="Categoria:Scrittura">Scrittura</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cancelleria" title="Categoria:Cancelleria">Cancelleria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Strumenti_per_la_progettazione" title="Categoria:Strumenti per la progettazione">Strumenti per la progettazione</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 10 giu 2024 alle 20:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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