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elements","url":"https://www.livemint.com/Politics/fQ5eWMXxCfAYXU4V527vfN/Ahmedabad-The-perfect-metropolis.html","datePublished":"2013-01-23T24:38:00+05:30","dateModified":"2013-01-23T23:34:17+05:30","alternativeHeadline":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis","articleBody":"Neela Munshi shares the most extraordinary statistics in the most matter-of-fact manner. “Eighty nine percent of Ahmedabad’s 2002 Development Plan (DP) has already been implemented, with the rest under implementation. This includes zoning regulations, road networks, open spaces, and all infrastructure, including social infrastructure. Of the total budget of 2,434 crore, 1,845 crore has been spent,” she states.add_main_imageBut the rest of metropolitan India can only dream of such an execution record, especially within the first decade of its statutory 20-year shelf-life. A Development Plan is an official planning document for an urban centre, mandated by law, usually prepared once every 20 years. It outlines alocal government’s plans for urban development, including land use regulations, transport networks, public amenities and infrastructure services—all the nuts and bolts that make our cities more or less tolerable on a daily basis.NextMAdsIneffective implementation of a Development Plan is directly correlated with poor governance and unchecked urbanization. Only 15% of Mumbai’s last Development Plan was implemented, says Pankaj Mishra, executive director of the Urban Design Research Institute, a not-for-profit working towards raising public awareness of Mumbai’s urban planning woes.Munshi’s statistics also help to explain another compelling phenomenon: despite population expansion from 4.5 million people in 2001 to 6.4 million in 2011, Ahmedabad has not imploded either due to traffic congestion or illegal construction. Its physical contours have clearly been shaped and moulded, unlike other Indian cities, many of which have not been able to accommodate population growth. Avenues of growthExpansion of built-up area has been a “major factor” in enabling the city to cope with a rising population, says Guruprasad Mohapatra, Ahmedabad’s municipal commissioner. The city’s municipal area officially expanded from 186 sq. km to the current 466 sq. km, from 2006 onwards. When population growth and built-up area expansion are balanced, cities can avoid both city-centre congestion and low-density sprawl in their peripheries.Munshi says the mantra is very simple. “We manage growth. Planning takes place before growth and development.” Comprehensive, city-wide Development Plans are prepared every 20 years, and revised every 10 years—more frequently than other cities. The city’s planners envisage in which directions the city is growing, zone lands accordingly, and install major infrastructure such as roads and water supply services to allow the city to spread its wings in a systematic way. Urban planning in Ahmedabad is a time-tested function; the first town plans began being drawn up almost a century ago, in 1915, she adds.Ahmedabad’s concentric road network is also a huge asset in preventing congestion and facilitating peripheral expansion. “There are five clear rings and 17 radials of reasonable size, starting from the city centres and going straight out to (the periphery). I don’t think that kind of network is there in any other city, and hence there is low congestion,” says H.M. Shivanand Swamy, executive director of the Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport at Ahmedabad’s Cept university, one of the country’s most highly regarded architecture and urban planning schools.sixthMAdsAlthough traffic congestion has risen in recent times, it’s considerably lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased multi-modal public transport facilities.“There are 27 lakh registered vehicles in Ahmedabad, with 500-600 being added every day, of which 40-45% are two-wheelers,” says Mohapatra. PragmatismThe statutory planning process is complemented by pragmatic urban planning principles, based on pooling private land for public infrastructure development.“Ahmedabad and Gujarat have used the Town Planning (TP) Scheme, which is a very progressive land use act. It is technically present in many states, but not implemented. The scheme was amended in 1999, to enable the government to get land to build infrastructure and roads. By this scheme, 40% of private land is given away for public utilities,” says Mohapatra, before emphasizing: “Every year, without any acquisition, we are getting land for development.”After the city’s Development Plan is prepared, town planners such as Munshi develop micro-level plans, or Town Planning Schemes for smaller areas, based on the Development Plan. A Town Planning Scheme could range from an area covering as little as 35 hectares to as much as 1,200 hectares, says Munshi. In each scheme, planners identify locations of public amenities and infrastructure, in consultation with citizens, who then give up 40% of their land to the local government in exchange for better roads, water supply and other amenities. 271 Town Planning Schemes have been prepared and implemented till date, says Munshi.“The TP scheme mechanism distributes costs across lots of people. It’s not that a few people lose and a few people win. Planning has been more fair-minded, not old socialist planning, and that’s why it has worked,” explains Bimal Patel, an experienced urban planner and president of Cept UniversityPatel advocates substituting “Soviet-style planning, where we tell industry where to locate” with a more “liberal planning policy, where we let the market do more work”. For example, the location of commercial construction needs to be regulated, so that infrastructure can be effectively provided to manage traffic. But instead of “telling industry where to go, and giving a limited choice of three-four places, let’s tell them: ‘You are allowed to build a building anywhere where there is 60ft wide road’. That’s the liberal planning policy and it has worked for Ahmedabad,” he elaborates.Handing over nearly half of one’s land to government authorities for the promise of improved amenities might sound like a grim prospect to most urban citizens, but not in Ahmedabad, attests Munshi. She attributes the scheme’s success to public participation.“Their needs and opinions are taken into consideration thrice during the TP scheme process,” she says, adding that the process is transparent, and all plot holders benefit. “When the Sardar Patel ring road was planned in the 2002 Development Plan, before TP schemes were prepared, people came forward and gave their land because they could visualize the benefit,” she recalls.Nehal Shah, managing director of Foliage Real Estate Developers Pvt. Ltd, an Ahmedabad-based real estate developer, confirms that the local authorities do a good job. “When they announce a TP scheme in the area, I know that even though I will have to give up 40% of my area, the value of my remaining 60% land will go up. This has been happening since 10 years.”Other developers are more sceptical. “Land values don’t go up to the extent of the land lost,” states Pavan Bakeri, director of the Bakeri Group, a prominent local real estate developer.“Fundamentally, I think TP schemes are a good idea, but there are serious problems with implementation and inequality in execution, ” adds Shaan Zaveri, a managing partner at Amaya Properties, another local developer.However there are yet others who argue that this is a model to be emulated. “Gujarat has taken hundreds of TP schemes across the state in the last 10-15 years. Had Maharashtra laid emphasis on evolving TP schemes out of the DP, then urban development would have been very different. The DP (in Maharashtra) is relegated to a land-use plan, rather than outlining plans for a vibrant economic development,” observes a senior town planner with a large municipality in Maharashtra, who preferred to remain anonymous. Roads, trains and busesPlanning processes and principles are further supplemented by public transport systems, without which “neither can the city grow nor its peripheral areas can be developed”, stresses Mohapatra, adding that “the current thinking is not to congest Ahmedabad, but to develop small townships, expand at the periphery, and provide good-quality transport combination of metro, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and city bus service. Roads and transport networks are key”.Ahmedabad’s BRTS service, in particular, has attracted much attention for its design and implementation. Mohapatra says the “service is still small. It started with 9km, now it is 61km. We hope to reach 89km”.Cept’s Swamy confirms that BRTS comprises only 1.5% of all trips made in Ahmedabad, although he expects that “when we connect to the city centre and other places, by the year end, it should be about 4%”.The transit system’s larger benefits include “improved overall mobility because of BRTS, through widened roads and added flyovers”, Swamy highlights. Some critics argue that road-widening has occurred at the expense of heritage buildings, along certain parts of the BRTS corridor, and Mohapatra concedes that “sometimes it caused resentment”.Equally, developers such as Shah realize that “transportation makes a difference, and BRTS does change the value of an area”.Of course, the city still faces many challenges. Howard Spodek, a historian and author of Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India, notices that “its physical planning is good, although socially it still remains segregated. Many of those who fled the centre of the city, because they were frightened, are now living in areas of the city where town planning hasn’t happened”. In a phone interview, he perceives that “society, as a whole, in Ahmedabad, hasn’t yet made a decision that integration is a good idea”.The experience of Ahmedabad suggests that successful cities need the coming together of several elements. They need a relevant statutory framework, pragmatic policymaking and constructive public participation, all of which must be underpinned by professional urban planning mechanisms and expertise. These building blocks are a precondition to developing sustainable, livable cities.This is the third in an eight-part series.Next: Is there a market in self-construction?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Aparna Piramal Raje","url":"https://www.livemint.com/authors/aparna-piramal-raje"},"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"mint","url":"https://www.livemint.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.livemint.com/lm-img/newschemalogo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-920x613/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","height":900,"width":1600},"keywords":""}</script><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-621x414/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG" fetchpriority="high"/><script 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Digital Streams Limited <br class="jsx-58b6b198173106e4"/>All Rights Reserved.</div></nav><div class="whiteOverlay2"></div><div class="containerNew budgetBox"><div id="budget-top-strip"></div></div><div class="containerNew clearfix"><div class="midSec ga-tracking " id="box_1540459139185" data-weburl="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/fQ5eWMXxCfAYXU4V527vfN/Ahmedabad-The-perfect-metropolis.html" data-keyword="" data-vars-cardtype="card" data-vars-storyid="1540459139185" data-vars-storytype="story" data-vars-pos="vertical" data-vars-section="industry" data-vars-agency="" data-vars-firstpublisheddate="2013-01-23T24:38:00+05:30" data-vars-subsection="infrastructure" data-vars-inlineads="false" data-vars-orderid="1"><div class="storyPage_storyBox__zPlkE"><h1 id="article-0">Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis</h1><h2 class="storyPage_summary__Ge5SX">Ahmedabad’s experience suggests successful cities need the coming together of several elements<br /></h2><div class="storyPage_authorSocial__Thgmm"><div class="storyPage_authorInfo__zIDsr"><div class="storyPage_authorDesc__zPjwo"> <a href="https://www.livemint.com/authors/aparna-piramal-raje"><strong>Aparna Piramal Raje</strong></a><div class="storyPage_date__JS9qJ storyPage_top__RFRL3">Updated<span>23 Jan 2013, 11:34 PM IST</span></div></div></div></div><div id="adfreeDivMobile" class="jsx-9de8d17559765f1b mobileAd"><div id="pushDownAd" class="jsx-9de8d17559765f1b adHolder adHolderTop"><div id="div-gpt-ad-1536154373501-0" class="jsx-9de8d17559765f1b"></div></div></div><figure><img src="https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-621x414/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG" alt="Although traffic congestion in Ahmedabad has risen in recent times, it&#8217;s lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased public transport facilities. Photo: Pradeep Gaur/Mint<br /><br />" width="655" height="368" title="" sizes="" class=""/><figcaption>Although traffic congestion in Ahmedabad has risen in recent times, it&#8217;s lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased public transport facilities. Photo: Pradeep Gaur/Mint<strong>(Pradeep Gaur/Mint)</strong></figcaption></figure><div class="storyPage_storyContent__m_MYl"><div id="article-index-0" class="storyParagraph"><p><span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Neela Munshi%0A" rel="nofollow">N<span>eela Munshi</span></a></span><span> shares the most extraordinary statistics in the most matter-of-fact manner. “Eighty nine percent of Ahmedabad’s 2002 Development Plan (DP) has already been implemented, with the rest under implementation. This includes zoning regulations, road networks, open spaces, and all infrastructure, including social infrastructure. Of the total budget of </span><span></span><span>2,434 crore, </span><span></span><span>1,845 crore has been spent,” she states.</span></p></div><div id="article-index-1" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709udH">add_main_image</p></div><div class="contentBoxPoll"><div id="latestPollElement"><div class="iframSec" id="pollElement_"></div></div></div><div id="article-index-3" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709XQE">But the rest of metropolitan India can only dream of such an execution record, especially within the first decade of its statutory 20-year shelf-life. A Development Plan is an official planning document for an urban centre, mandated by law, usually prepared once every 20 years. It outlines a<br align="block">local government’s plans for urban development, including land use regulations, transport networks, public amenities and infrastructure services—all the nuts and bolts that make our cities more or less tolerable on a daily basis.NextMAds</p></div><div><div class="lazy-loaded"></div></div><div id="article-index-4" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709fwB">Ineffective implementation of a Development Plan is directly correlated with poor governance and unchecked urbanization. Only 15% of Mumbai’s last Development Plan was implemented, says <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Pankaj Mishra" rel="nofollow">Pankaj Mishra</a></span>, executive director of the Urban Design Research Institute, a not-for-profit working towards raising public awareness of Mumbai’s urban planning woes.</p></div><div id="article-index-5" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U19042239327090JE">Munshi’s statistics also help to explain another compelling phenomenon: despite population expansion from 4.5 million people in 2001 to 6.4 million in 2011, Ahmedabad has not imploded either due to traffic congestion or illegal construction. Its physical contours have clearly been shaped and moulded, unlike other Indian cities, many of which have not been able to accommodate population growth.</p></div><div id="article-index-6" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709xCC"> Avenues of growth</p></div><div id="article-index-7" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709qFI">Expansion of built-up area has been a “major factor” in enabling the city to cope with a rising population, says <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Guruprasad Mohapatra" rel="nofollow">Guruprasad Mohapatra</a></span>, Ahmedabad’s municipal commissioner. The city’s municipal area officially expanded from 186 sq. km to the current 466 sq. km, from 2006 onwards. When population growth and built-up area expansion are balanced, cities can avoid both city-centre congestion and low-density sprawl in their peripheries.</p></div><div class="moreNews widget-impression-candidate lmWidgetTracking" data-vars-widget-type="storyWidget" id="tr_1540459139185" style="display:none"></div><div id="article-index-8" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709GzE">Munshi says the mantra is very simple. “We manage growth. Planning takes place before growth and development.” Comprehensive, city-wide Development Plans are prepared every 20 years, and revised every 10 years—more frequently than other cities. The city’s planners envisage in which directions the city is growing, zone lands accordingly, and install major infrastructure such as roads and water supply services to allow the city to spread its wings in a systematic way. Urban planning in Ahmedabad is a time-tested function; the first town plans began being drawn up almost a century ago, in 1915, she adds.</p></div><div id="article-index-9" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U19042239327097lG">Ahmedabad’s concentric road network is also a huge asset in preventing congestion and facilitating peripheral expansion. “There are five clear rings and 17 radials of reasonable size, starting from the city centres and going straight out to (the periphery). I don’t think that kind of network is there in any other city, and hence there is low congestion,” says <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/H.M. Shivanand Swamy" rel="nofollow">H.M. Shivanand Swamy</a></span>, executive director of the Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport at Ahmedabad’s Cept university, one of the country’s most highly regarded architecture and urban planning schools.sixthMAds</p></div><div class="lazy-loaded"></div><div id="article-index-10" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709LhH">Although traffic congestion has risen in recent times, it’s considerably lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased multi-modal public transport facilities.</p></div><div id="article-index-11" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709DOC">“There are 27 lakh registered vehicles in Ahmedabad, with 500-600 being added every day, of which 40-45% are two-wheelers,” says Mohapatra.</p></div><div id="article-index-12" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U19042239327095aD"> Pragmatism</p></div><div id="article-index-13" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709vSH">The statutory planning process is complemented by pragmatic urban planning principles, based on pooling private land for public infrastructure development.</p></div><div id="article-index-14" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709TGI">“Ahmedabad and Gujarat have used the Town Planning (TP) Scheme, which is a very progressive land use act. It is technically present in many states, but not implemented. The scheme was amended in 1999, to enable the government to get land to build infrastructure and roads. By this scheme, 40% of private land is given away for public utilities,” says Mohapatra, before emphasizing: “Every year, without any acquisition, we are getting land for development.”</p></div><div id="article-index-15" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709aF">After the city’s Development Plan is prepared, town planners such as Munshi develop micro-level plans, or Town Planning Schemes for smaller areas, based on the Development Plan. A Town Planning Scheme could range from an area covering as little as 35 hectares to as much as 1,200 hectares, says Munshi. In each scheme, planners identify locations of public amenities and infrastructure, in consultation with citizens, who then give up 40% of their land to the local government in exchange for better roads, water supply and other amenities. 271 Town Planning Schemes have been prepared and implemented till date, says Munshi.</p></div><div id="article-index-16" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709FBH">“The TP scheme mechanism distributes costs across lots of people. It’s not that a few people lose and a few people win. Planning has been more fair-minded, not old socialist planning, and that’s why it has worked,” explains <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Bimal Patel" rel="nofollow">Bimal Patel</a></span>, an experienced urban planner and president of Cept University</p></div><div id="article-index-17" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709AID">Patel advocates substituting “Soviet-style planning, where we tell industry where to locate” with a more “liberal planning policy, where we let the market do more work”. For example, the location of commercial construction needs to be regulated, so that infrastructure can be effectively provided to manage traffic. But instead of “telling industry where to go, and giving a limited choice of three-four places, let’s tell them: ‘You are allowed to build a building anywhere where there is 60ft wide road’. That’s the liberal planning policy and it has worked for Ahmedabad,” he elaborates.</p></div><div id="article-index-18" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U19042239327098cF">Handing over nearly half of one’s land to government authorities for the promise of improved amenities might sound like a grim prospect to most urban citizens, but not in Ahmedabad, attests Munshi. She attributes the scheme’s success to public participation.</p></div><div id="article-index-19" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709DjF">“Their needs and opinions are taken into consideration thrice during the TP scheme process,” she says, adding that the process is transparent, and all plot holders benefit. “When the Sardar Patel ring road was planned in the 2002 Development Plan, before TP schemes were prepared, people came forward and gave their land because they could visualize the benefit,” she recalls.</p></div><div id="article-index-20" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709sUB"><span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Nehal Shah" rel="nofollow">Nehal Shah</a></span>, managing director of <span class="company"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Foliage Real Estate Developers Pvt. Ltd" rel="nofollow">Foliage Real Estate Developers Pvt. Ltd</a></span>, an Ahmedabad-based real estate developer, confirms that the local authorities do a good job. “When they announce a TP scheme in the area, I know that even though I will have to give up 40% of my area, the value of my remaining 60% land will go up. This has been happening since 10 years.”</p></div><div id="article-index-21" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U19042239327094qC">Other developers are more sceptical. “Land values don’t go up to the extent of the land lost,” states <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Pavan Bakeri" rel="nofollow">Pavan Bakeri</a></span>, director of the Bakeri Group, a prominent local real estate developer.</p></div><div id="article-index-22" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709jGH">“Fundamentally, I think TP schemes are a good idea, but there are serious problems with implementation and inequality in execution, ” adds <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Shaan Zaveri" rel="nofollow">Shaan Zaveri</a></span>, a managing partner at Amaya Properties, another local developer.</p></div><div id="article-index-23" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709WxH">However there are yet others who argue that this is a model to be emulated. “Gujarat has taken hundreds of TP schemes across the state in the last 10-15 years. Had Maharashtra laid emphasis on evolving TP schemes out of the DP, then urban development would have been very different. The DP (in Maharashtra) is relegated to a land-use plan, rather than outlining plans for a vibrant economic development,” observes a senior town planner with a large municipality in Maharashtra, who preferred to remain anonymous.</p></div><div id="article-index-24" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709hEE"> Roads, trains and buses</p></div><div id="article-index-25" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709CeG">Planning processes and principles are further supplemented by public transport systems, without which “neither can the city grow nor its peripheral areas can be developed”, stresses Mohapatra, adding that “the current thinking is not to congest Ahmedabad, but to develop small townships, expand at the periphery, and provide good-quality transport combination of metro, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and city bus service. Roads and transport networks are key”.</p></div><div id="article-index-26" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709vnG">Ahmedabad’s BRTS service, in particular, has attracted much attention for its design and implementation. Mohapatra says the “service is still small. It started with 9km, now it is 61km. We hope to reach 89km”.</p></div><div id="article-index-27" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709cXD">Cept’s Swamy confirms that BRTS comprises only 1.5% of all trips made in Ahmedabad, although he expects that “when we connect to the city centre and other places, by the year end, it should be about 4%”.</p></div><div id="article-index-28" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709cPG">The transit system’s larger benefits include “improved overall mobility because of BRTS, through widened roads and added flyovers”, Swamy highlights. Some critics argue that road-widening has occurred at the expense of heritage buildings, along certain parts of the BRTS corridor, and Mohapatra concedes that “sometimes it caused resentment”.</p></div><div id="article-index-29" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709MSC">Equally, developers such as Shah realize that “transportation makes a difference, and BRTS does change the value of an area”.</p></div><div id="article-index-30" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709Q5C">Of course, the city still faces many challenges. <span class="person"><a href="/Search/Link/Keyword/Howard Spodek" rel="nofollow">Howard Spodek</a></span>, a historian and author of Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India, notices that “its physical planning is good, although socially it still remains segregated. Many of those who fled the centre of the city, because they were frightened, are now living in areas of the city where town planning hasn’t happened”. In a phone interview, he perceives that “society, as a whole, in Ahmedabad, hasn’t yet made a decision that integration is a good idea”.</p></div><div id="article-index-31" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709c7F">The experience of Ahmedabad suggests that successful cities need the coming together of several elements. They need a relevant statutory framework, pragmatic policymaking and constructive public participation, all of which must be underpinned by professional urban planning mechanisms and expertise. These building blocks are a precondition to developing sustainable, livable cities.</p></div><div id="article-index-32" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709nxG">This is the third in an eight-part series.</p></div><div id="article-index-33" class="storyParagraph"><p id="U1904223932709isD">Next: Is there a market in self-construction?</p></div></div><div class="storyPage_seoTxt__FaEST " id="seoText"><p>Catch all the <a href="https://www.livemint.com/industry" class="bold"> Industry News</a>,<a href="https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking" class="bold"> Banking News</a> and Updates on Live Mint. Download The <a href="https://www.livemint.com/apps" class="bold">Mint News App</a> to get Daily <a href="https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news" class="bold">Market Updates</a>.</p><div class="storyPage_marketBcrum__eXb8u"><div class="storyPage_bcrumb__3vXRo"><a href="https://www.livemint.com">Business News</a><a href="https://www.livemint.com/industry">Industry</a><a href="https://www.livemint.com/industry/infrastructure">Infrastructure</a>Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis</div></div><span class="storyPage_more___sgJv">More</span><span>Less</span></div><div class="storyPage_taboolaAd__GmZLS" id="taboola_bottom_1540459139185"><div id="taboola-thumbnails-mob-1540459139185" class="taboolaimpression"></div><div id="taboola-below-article-thumbnails-1540459139185" class="taboolaimpression"></div></div><div class="storyPage_firstPublishDate__MjtPM">First Published:<span>23 Jan 2013, 12:38 AM IST</span></div><div style="height:0;width:0;overflow:hidden" 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Hindustan","url":"https://www.livehindustan.com","logo":"","logoURL":"","menu":[]}]}]}],"sectionName":"industry","subSectionName":"infrastructure","storyDetails":{"id":1540459139185,"oldUuid":"bbfa4044-5bb7-11e2-bd46-000b5dabf613","domainId":"5aeab8eefc36f218b0e0866b","mgOldUuid":null,"title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","articleType":"story","createdBy":"Aparna Piramal Raje","firstPublishedDate":"2013-01-22T19:08:00+0000","lastPublishedDate":"2013-01-23T18:04:17+0000","lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-23T18:04:17+0000","metadata":{"url":"https://www.livemint.com/Politics/fQ5eWMXxCfAYXU4V527vfN/Ahmedabad-The-perfect-metropolis.html","authors":["Aparna Piramal Raje"],"agency":null,"status":"PUBLISHED","tags":["Ahmedabad","development","Our urban future","infrastructure"],"keywords":null,"section":"industry","column":null,"subSection":"infrastructure","topic":["Infrastructure","Our Urban Future"],"topicUrls":null,"alternateSection":[{"section":"Politics","subsection":"Infrastructure"},{"section":"Specials","subsection":"Our Urban Future"}],"location":["Others"],"markUnimportant":false,"breakingNews":false,"sponsored":false,"editedBy":null,"writtenBy":null,"reportedBy":null,"agencyByLine":null,"bigStory":false,"redirectUrl":null,"dynamicMeta":null,"alternateUrls":null,"externalUrl":null,"subSectionL2":null,"canonicalUrl":null,"killed":false,"audioSourceUrl":null,"disclaimer":null,"sponsoredTitle":null,"storyType":null,"syndicationFeed":null,"premiumStory":false,"premiumSubBrand":null,"metaTitle":null,"metaDescription":null,"handpicked":false,"audienceTags":null,"autoBackLinked":false,"aiContent":false,"aiContentType":null,"removeAds":false,"contextualKeyword":null,"embedAmazonCount":0,"embedCromaCount":0,"embedFlipkartCount":0,"embedSnapdealCount":0,"tableOfContentsHeading":null,"performanceArticleType":null,"prContextualKeywords":null,"sectionId":null,"subSectionId":null,"typeOfFormat":null,"crawledWidgetType":null,"crawledWidgetData":null},"isDeleted":0,"expiryDate":null,"listRelatedStories":null,"type":"story","relatedStories":null,"listElement":[{"id":1540459141283,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Neela Munshi%0A\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eN\u003cspan style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eeela Munshi\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e shares the most extraordinary statistics in the most matter-of-fact manner. “Eighty nine percent of Ahmedabad’s 2002 Development Plan (DP) has already been implemented, with the rest under implementation. This includes zoning regulations, road networks, open spaces, and all infrastructure, including social infrastructure. Of the total budget of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\" font-family: 'Utopia Std_Rupee'; 30; ;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e2,434 crore, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\" font-family: 'Utopia Std_Rupee'; 30; ;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e1,845 crore has been spent,” she states.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141284,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709udH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eadd_main_image\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141285,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"embed","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"embed":{"url":null,"body":"\u003cdiv class=\"mm_box_lft\"\u003e \n \u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" height=\"220\" width=\"330\" type=\"text/html\" id=\"player\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eV9RgW8EoA4?enablejsapi=1\u0026amp;wmode=opaque\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e \n \u003cdiv class=\"video_story_media\"\u003e \n \u003ciframe height=\"300\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/eV9RgW8EoA4?enablejsapi=1\u0026amp;wmode=opaque\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e \n \u003c/div\u003e \n \u003cdiv class=\"caption_txt\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \n\u003c/div\u003e","option":null,"title":null,"backgroundColor":null,"fontColor":null,"labelEnabled":false,"label":null,"body2":null},"amazonAds":null,"newAmazonAdsMeta":null},{"id":1540459141286,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709XQE\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eBut the rest of metropolitan India can only dream of such an execution record, especially within the first decade of its statutory 20-year shelf-life. A Development Plan is an official planning document for an urban centre, mandated by law, usually prepared once every 20 years. It outlines a\u003cbr align=\"block\"\u003elocal government’s plans for urban development, including land use regulations, transport networks, public amenities and infrastructure services—all the nuts and bolts that make our cities more or less tolerable on a daily basis.NextMAds\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141287,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709fwB\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eIneffective implementation of a Development Plan is directly correlated with poor governance and unchecked urbanization. Only 15% of Mumbai’s last Development Plan was implemented, says \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Pankaj Mishra\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePankaj Mishra\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, executive director of the Urban Design Research Institute, a not-for-profit working towards raising public awareness of Mumbai’s urban planning woes.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141288,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U19042239327090JE\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eMunshi’s statistics also help to explain another compelling phenomenon: despite population expansion from 4.5 million people in 2001 to 6.4 million in 2011, Ahmedabad has not imploded either due to traffic congestion or illegal construction. Its physical contours have clearly been shaped and moulded, unlike other Indian cities, many of which have not been able to accommodate population growth.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141289,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709xCC\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e Avenues of growth\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141290,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709qFI\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eExpansion of built-up area has been a “major factor” in enabling the city to cope with a rising population, says \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Guruprasad Mohapatra\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eGuruprasad Mohapatra\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, Ahmedabad’s municipal commissioner. The city’s municipal area officially expanded from 186 sq. km to the current 466 sq. km, from 2006 onwards. When population growth and built-up area expansion are balanced, cities can avoid both city-centre congestion and low-density sprawl in their peripheries.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141291,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709GzE\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eMunshi says the mantra is very simple. “We manage growth. Planning takes place before growth and development.” Comprehensive, city-wide Development Plans are prepared every 20 years, and revised every 10 years—more frequently than other cities. The city’s planners envisage in which directions the city is growing, zone lands accordingly, and install major infrastructure such as roads and water supply services to allow the city to spread its wings in a systematic way. Urban planning in Ahmedabad is a time-tested function; the first town plans began being drawn up almost a century ago, in 1915, she adds.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141292,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U19042239327097lG\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eAhmedabad’s concentric road network is also a huge asset in preventing congestion and facilitating peripheral expansion. “There are five clear rings and 17 radials of reasonable size, starting from the city centres and going straight out to (the periphery). I don’t think that kind of network is there in any other city, and hence there is low congestion,” says \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/H.M. Shivanand Swamy\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eH.M. Shivanand Swamy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, executive director of the Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport at Ahmedabad’s Cept university, one of the country’s most highly regarded architecture and urban planning schools.sixthMAds\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141293,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709LhH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eAlthough traffic congestion has risen in recent times, it’s considerably lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased multi-modal public transport facilities.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141294,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709DOC\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e“There are 27 lakh registered vehicles in Ahmedabad, with 500-600 being added every day, of which 40-45% are two-wheelers,” says Mohapatra.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141295,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U19042239327095aD\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e Pragmatism\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141296,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709vSH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eThe statutory planning process is complemented by pragmatic urban planning principles, based on pooling private land for public infrastructure development.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141297,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709TGI\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e“Ahmedabad and Gujarat have used the Town Planning (TP) Scheme, which is a very progressive land use act. It is technically present in many states, but not implemented. The scheme was amended in 1999, to enable the government to get land to build infrastructure and roads. By this scheme, 40% of private land is given away for public utilities,” says Mohapatra, before emphasizing: “Every year, without any acquisition, we are getting land for development.”\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141298,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709aF\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eAfter the city’s Development Plan is prepared, town planners such as Munshi develop micro-level plans, or Town Planning Schemes for smaller areas, based on the Development Plan. A Town Planning Scheme could range from an area covering as little as 35 hectares to as much as 1,200 hectares, says Munshi. In each scheme, planners identify locations of public amenities and infrastructure, in consultation with citizens, who then give up 40% of their land to the local government in exchange for better roads, water supply and other amenities. 271 Town Planning Schemes have been prepared and implemented till date, says Munshi.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141299,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709FBH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e“The TP scheme mechanism distributes costs across lots of people. It’s not that a few people lose and a few people win. Planning has been more fair-minded, not old socialist planning, and that’s why it has worked,” explains \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Bimal Patel\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eBimal Patel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, an experienced urban planner and president of Cept University\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141300,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709AID\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003ePatel advocates substituting “Soviet-style planning, where we tell industry where to locate” with a more “liberal planning policy, where we let the market do more work”. For example, the location of commercial construction needs to be regulated, so that infrastructure can be effectively provided to manage traffic. But instead of “telling industry where to go, and giving a limited choice of three-four places, let’s tell them: ‘You are allowed to build a building anywhere where there is 60ft wide road’. That’s the liberal planning policy and it has worked for Ahmedabad,” he elaborates.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141301,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U19042239327098cF\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eHanding over nearly half of one’s land to government authorities for the promise of improved amenities might sound like a grim prospect to most urban citizens, but not in Ahmedabad, attests Munshi. She attributes the scheme’s success to public participation.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141302,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709DjF\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e“Their needs and opinions are taken into consideration thrice during the TP scheme process,” she says, adding that the process is transparent, and all plot holders benefit. “When the Sardar Patel ring road was planned in the 2002 Development Plan, before TP schemes were prepared, people came forward and gave their land because they could visualize the benefit,” she recalls.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141303,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709sUB\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Nehal Shah\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNehal Shah\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, managing director of \u003cspan class=\"company\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Foliage Real Estate Developers Pvt. Ltd\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eFoliage Real Estate Developers Pvt. Ltd\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, an Ahmedabad-based real estate developer, confirms that the local authorities do a good job. “When they announce a TP scheme in the area, I know that even though I will have to give up 40% of my area, the value of my remaining 60% land will go up. This has been happening since 10 years.”\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141304,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U19042239327094qC\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eOther developers are more sceptical. “Land values don’t go up to the extent of the land lost,” states \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Pavan Bakeri\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePavan Bakeri\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, director of the Bakeri Group, a prominent local real estate developer.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141305,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709jGH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e“Fundamentally, I think TP schemes are a good idea, but there are serious problems with implementation and inequality in execution, ” adds \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Shaan Zaveri\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eShaan Zaveri\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, a managing partner at Amaya Properties, another local developer.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141306,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709WxH\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eHowever there are yet others who argue that this is a model to be emulated. “Gujarat has taken hundreds of TP schemes across the state in the last 10-15 years. Had Maharashtra laid emphasis on evolving TP schemes out of the DP, then urban development would have been very different. The DP (in Maharashtra) is relegated to a land-use plan, rather than outlining plans for a vibrant economic development,” observes a senior town planner with a large municipality in Maharashtra, who preferred to remain anonymous.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141307,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709hEE\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003e Roads, trains and buses\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141308,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709CeG\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003ePlanning processes and principles are further supplemented by public transport systems, without which “neither can the city grow nor its peripheral areas can be developed”, stresses Mohapatra, adding that “the current thinking is not to congest Ahmedabad, but to develop small townships, expand at the periphery, and provide good-quality transport combination of metro, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and city bus service. Roads and transport networks are key”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141309,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709vnG\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eAhmedabad’s BRTS service, in particular, has attracted much attention for its design and implementation. Mohapatra says the “service is still small. It started with 9km, now it is 61km. We hope to reach 89km”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141310,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709cXD\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eCept’s Swamy confirms that BRTS comprises only 1.5% of all trips made in Ahmedabad, although he expects that “when we connect to the city centre and other places, by the year end, it should be about 4%”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141311,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709cPG\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eThe transit system’s larger benefits include “improved overall mobility because of BRTS, through widened roads and added flyovers”, Swamy highlights. Some critics argue that road-widening has occurred at the expense of heritage buildings, along certain parts of the BRTS corridor, and Mohapatra concedes that “sometimes it caused resentment”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141312,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709MSC\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eEqually, developers such as Shah realize that “transportation makes a difference, and BRTS does change the value of an area”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141313,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709Q5C\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eOf course, the city still faces many challenges. \u003cspan class=\"person\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/Search/Link/Keyword/Howard Spodek\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eHoward Spodek\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, a historian and author of Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India, notices that “its physical planning is good, although socially it still remains segregated. Many of those who fled the centre of the city, because they were frightened, are now living in areas of the city where town planning hasn’t happened”. In a phone interview, he perceives that “society, as a whole, in Ahmedabad, hasn’t yet made a decision that integration is a good idea”.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141314,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709c7F\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eThe experience of Ahmedabad suggests that successful cities need the coming together of several elements. They need a relevant statutory framework, pragmatic policymaking and constructive public participation, all of which must be underpinned by professional urban planning mechanisms and expertise. These building blocks are a precondition to developing sustainable, livable cities.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141315,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709nxG\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eThis is the third in an eight-part series.\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false},{"id":1540459141316,"articleType":"element","name":"paragraph","title":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","type":"paragraph","subType":null,"paywallElement":false,"paragraph":{"body":"\u003cp id=\"U1904223932709isD\" style=\" 30; ;\"\u003eNext: Is there a market in self-construction?\u003c/p\u003e"},"bgParaColor":null,"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false}],"amazonAds":null,"flipkartAds":null,"cromaAds":null,"containAffiliateEmbed":false,"affiliateEmbedHeadline":false,"headline":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","summary":"Ahmedabad’s experience suggests successful cities need the coming together of several elements\u003cbr /\u003e","quickReadSummary":null,"mobileHeadline":"Ahmedabad: The perfect metropolis\u003cbr /\u003e","leadMedia":{"id":1540459139185,"mediaType":"image","elements":[1540459139187],"image":{"images":{"270x480":null,"600x338":null,"mediumImage":"https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-330x220/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","bigImage":"https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-621x414/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","140x140":null,"thumbnailImage":"https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-90x60/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","900x1600":null,"fullImage":"https://www.livemint.com/rf/Image-920x613/LiveMint/Period1/2013/01/23/Photos/DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","248x186":null},"caption":"Although traffic congestion in Ahmedabad has risen in recent times, it\u0026#8217;s lower than in other major metropolises, due to both the extensive road network and increased public transport facilities. Photo: Pradeep Gaur/Mint\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e","name":"DSC_5534 --621x414.JPG","alternateText":null,"imageCredit":"Pradeep Gaur/Mint\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e","overImage":false,"verticalImage":false,"width":0,"height":0,"imageUrl":null},"video":null},"timeToRead":7,"introBody":null,"related":null,"showRelated":true,"paywallElement":false,"twoLinerText":"","authorDetails":null,"review":null,"newAmazonAdsMeta":null},"trendingInMarketData":[{"key":"Waaree Energies Q3 Results","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/waaree-energies-q3-results-net-profit-surges-260-yoy-to-rs-507-crore-revenue-up-117-11738236633786.html"},{"key":"Bank of Baroda Q3 Results","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/bank-of-baroda-q3-results-net-profit-rises-6-yoy-to-rs-4-837-crore-11738223118800.html"},{"key":"Dr Agarwal’s Healthcare IPO ","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/ipo/dr-agarwal-s-healthcare-ipo-day-2-live-updates-issue-booked-7-so-far-check-latest-gmp-subscription-status-review-11738205138783.html"},{"key":"US Fed Rates ","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/us-fed-rates-on-hold-inflation-policy-uncertainty-mount-what-it-means-for-indian-investors-11738232948414.html"},{"key":"IPO News Today Live Updates","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/ipo/latest-ipo-news-today-on-january-30-2025-live-updates-11738209831534.html"},{"key":"Budget 2025","value":"https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/budget-2025-5-key-expectations-to-benefit-the-specialty-chemicals-and-agrochemicals-sector-11737967009635.html"}],"lang":"en","_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"Hey Deepanshu":"hey"},"article":{"Trade Now":"Trade Now","Updated":"Updated","Published":"Published","Also Read":"Also Read","Key Takeaways":"Key Takeaways","Step":"Step","Related Stories":"Related Stories","Read More":"Read More","Read Next Story":"Read Next Story","First Published":"First Published","Reported By":"Reported By","Written By":"Written By","Edited By":"Edited By","with inputs from":"with inputs from","Back To Top":"Back To Top"},"shared":{"Sign in":"Sign in","My Account":"My Account","Advertisement":"Advertisement","Home":"Home","News":"News","Market":"Market","Money":"Money","Economy":"Economy","Trending News":"Trending News","Sign Out":"Sign Out","Top Sections":"Top Sections","View More":"View More","Business News":"Business News","Load More":"Load More","Back To Top":"Back To Top","More From":"More From","Web Stories":"Web Stories","Published By":"Published By","Credit":"Credit","Latest News":"Latest News"}},"hn":{"common":{"nameGreeting":"वाह! {{name}}","Here are the curated offers based on your eligibility":"यहां आपकी योग्यता के आधार पर चुने गए ऑफर्स दिए गए हैं","Sorted by Tenure (Low - High)":"लोन अवधि के हिसाब से क्रमबद्ध ( लो-हाई)","Loan Amount Upto":"लोन अमाउंट","loanUpto":"{{amount}} लाख रुपये तक","Tenure":"अवधि","Interest Rate":"ब्याज दर","Loan Amount":"लोन अमाउंट","tenureMonths":"{{months}} महीने","Rate of Interest":"ब्याज दर","Processing Fee Upto":"प्रोसेसिंग फीस","processingFeeUpto":"लोन अमाउंट का {{processingFee}} तक","Instant Apply":"तुरंत अप्लाई करें","Edit details":"डीटेल एडिट करें","Sort By":"क्रमबद्ध","Sort By (Low - High)":"क्रमबद्ध (लो-हाई)","Start over":"फिर से शुरू करें","Edit Instead":"एडिट करें","View offers":"ऑफर्स देखें","Loan summary":"लोन समरी","Chances of approval":"अप्रूवल की संभावना","Get loan upto 10 lakhs instantly":"10 लाख तक का लोन तुरंत पाएं","Enter Mobile Number":"मोबाइल नंबर एंटर करें","Please enter valid Mobile Number":"कृपया, सही मोबाइल नंबर एंटर करें","Proceed":"आगे बढ़ें","By continuing, you consent to abide by the Terms of Use \u0026 Privacy Policy of CIBIL and HTDS":"जारी रखने के साथ ही आप CIBIL और HTDS की उपयोग शर्तों और प्राइवेसी पॉलिसी का पालन करने की सहमति देते हैं","Personal Loan Features \u0026 Benefits":"पर्सनल लोन की विशेषताएं और लाभ","Instant Cash in Bank":"अप्रूवल के बाद तुरंत पैसे अकाउंट में ट्रान्सफर","Flexible Repayment Tenures":"बेस्ट पर्सनल लोन ऑफर्स","Attractive Interest Rates":"न्यूनतम ब्याज दर","Minimal documentation":"डिजिटल प्रक्रिया - घर बैठे मिलेगा लोन","Personal Loan Eligibility":"पर्सनल लोन की योग्यता","Age":"उम्र","21 - 65 years":"21-65 साल","Income":"इनकम","Credit Score":"क्रेडिट स्कोर","Minimum Rs 15,000/month for salaried applicants":"नौकरीपेशा आवेदकों के लिए न्यूनतम 15000 रुपये/ महीने","Resident":"निवासी","A resident of India":"भारत का निवासी","Instant":"तुरंत","Cash in":"कैश","Bank":"बैंक","bankText":"बैंक में","Flexible":"की लचीली","Repayment":"लोन चुकाने","Tenures":"अवधि","Attractive":"आकर्षक","Interest":"ब्याज","Rates":"दरें","Minimal":"कम","documentation":"डॉक्युमेंटेशन","Get loan upto":"तक का लोन","₹10 Lakhs":"10 लाख","instantly":"तुरंत पाएं","Your personal information is secure with us. We will use it to make your experience better":"आपकी व्यक्तिगत जानकारी हमारे पास सुरक्षित है। आपके अनुभव को बेहतर बनाने के लिए हम इसका इस्तेमाल करेंगे।","Full Name":"पूरा नाम","Please enter your Full Name":"कृपया, अपना पूरा नाम डालें","Please enter a full name":"कृपया, अपना पूरा नाम डालें","Next":"अगला","Email Address (as per bank records)":"ईमेल एड्रेस ( जैसा कि आपके बैंक रिकॉर्ड्स में है)","Please enter your Email Address":"कृपया, अपना ईमेल एड्रेस डालें","Please enter a valid email address":"कृपया, अपना सही ईमेल एड्रेस डालें","Wishfin sent a 6 digit OTP on":"विशफिन ने 6 अंक का ओटीपी भेजा है","Your OTP is valid for 10 mins":"ओटीपी 10 मिनट के लिए वैध है","Resend OTP":"ओटीपी फिर से भेजें","To provide you personalized offers we need some more details":"आपको पर्सनलाइज्ड ऑफर्स देने के लिए हमें कुछ और डीटेल्स की जरूरत है","Select your Employment Type":"अपने रोजगार का प्रकार चुनें","Salaried":"नौकरीपेशा","Self-Employed Business":"अपना बिज़नेस","Please enter your Monthly Salary":"कृपया, अपनी 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