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placeholder="Search" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes"> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default"> </form> <div id="searchbox"></div><div class="sidebar-scroll"><div class="sidebar-tree"> <ul class="current"> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">Installation and Requirements</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 current has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog.html">Changelog</a><input checked="" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-1" name="toctree-checkbox-1" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-1"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Changelog</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="current"> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_5.html">Changes for 1.5</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_4.html">Changes for 1.4</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Changes for 1.3</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_2.html">Changes for 1.2</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_1.html">Changes for 1.1</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_0.html">Changes for 1.0</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_pre.html">Changes before gevent 1.0</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html">Greenlet Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="servers.html">Implementing servers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="dns.html">Name Resolution (DNS)</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-2" name="toctree-checkbox-2" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-2"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Name Resolution (DNS)</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.thread</span></code> – thread based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.ares</span></code> – c-ares based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.dnspython.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.dnspython</span></code> – Pure Python hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.blocking.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.blocking</span></code> – Non-cooperative resolver</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="monitoring.html">Monitoring and Debugging gevent Applications</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="loop_impls.html">Event Loop Implementations: libuv and libev</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Configuring gevent</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/index.html">API reference</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-3" name="toctree-checkbox-3" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-3"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of API reference</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.timeout.html">Cooperative Timeouts Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Timeout</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html">Greenlet Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.socket.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket</span></code> – Cooperative low-level networking interface</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-4" name="toctree-checkbox-4" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-4"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of gevent.socket – Cooperative low-level networking interface</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent._socket3.html">Python 3 interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ssl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ssl</span></code> – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL/TLS) module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.select.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select</span></code> – Waiting for I/O completion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.selectors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.selectors</span></code> – High-level IO Multiplexing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event</span></code> – Notifications of multiple listeners</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code> – Synchronized queues</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local</span></code> – Greenlet-local objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.lock.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.lock</span></code> – Locking primitives</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.hub.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.hub</span></code> - The Event Loop and the Hub</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.core.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.core</span></code> - (deprecated) event loop abstraction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.backdoor.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.backdoor</span></code> – Interactive greenlet-based network console that can be used in any process</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.baseserver.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.baseserver</span></code> – Base class for implementing servers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.builtins.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.builtins</span></code> – gevent friendly implementations of builtin functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.contextvars.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.contextvars</span></code> – Cooperative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextvars</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.core.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.core</span></code> - (deprecated) event loop abstraction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event</span></code> – Notifications of multiple listeners</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.events.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.events</span></code> – Publish/subscribe event infrastructure</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.exceptions.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.exceptions</span></code> – Exceptions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.fileobject.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.fileobject</span></code> – Wrappers to make file-like objects cooperative</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.hub.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.hub</span></code> - The Event Loop and the Hub</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local</span></code> – Greenlet-local objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.lock.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.lock</span></code> – Locking primitives</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.monkey.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.monkey</span></code> – Make the standard library cooperative</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.os.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.os</span></code> – Low-level operating system functions from <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pool.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pool</span></code> – Managing greenlets in a group</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pywsgi.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pywsgi</span></code> – A pure-Python, gevent-friendly WSGI server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code> – Synchronized queues</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.ares</span></code> – c-ares based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.blocking.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.blocking</span></code> – Non-cooperative resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.dnspython.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.dnspython</span></code> – Pure Python hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.thread</span></code> – thread based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.select.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select</span></code> – Waiting for I/O completion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.selectors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.selectors</span></code> – High-level IO Multiplexing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.server.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.server</span></code> – TCP/SSL server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.signal.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.signal</span></code> – Cooperative implementation of special cases of <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.signal()</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.socket.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket</span></code> – Cooperative low-level networking interface</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-5" name="toctree-checkbox-5" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-5"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of gevent.socket – Cooperative low-level networking interface</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent._socket3.html">Python 3 interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ssl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ssl</span></code> – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL/TLS) module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess</span></code> – Cooperative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.thread</span></code> – Implementation of the standard <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">thread</span></code> module that spawns greenlets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threading.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threading</span></code> – Implementation of the standard <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> using greenlets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threadpool.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threadpool</span></code> - A pool of native threads</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.time.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.time</span></code> – Makes <em>sleep</em> gevent aware</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util</span></code> – Low-level utilities</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ares</span></code> – Backwards compatibility alias for <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.cares</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.wsgi.html"><code class="docutils literal 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class="reference internal" href="examples/webproxy.html">Example webproxy.py</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="examples/webpy.html">Example webpy.py</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="examples/wsgiserver.html">Example wsgiserver.py</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="examples/wsgiserver_ssl.html">Example wsgiserver_ssl.py</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="development/index.html">Development</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-7" name="toctree-checkbox-7" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-7"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Development</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="development/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li> <li 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1.1</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_0.html">Changes for 1.0</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_pre.html">Changes before gevent 1.0</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="main"> <div class="content"> <div class="article-container"> <a href="#" class="back-to-top muted-link"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12z"></path> </svg> <span>Back to top</span> </a> <div class="content-icon-container"> <div class="theme-toggle-container theme-toggle-content"> <button class="theme-toggle"> <div class="visually-hidden">Toggle Light / Dark / Auto color theme</div> <svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-light"><use href="#svg-sun-with-moon"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-auto-dark"><use href="#svg-moon-with-sun"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-dark"><use href="#svg-moon"></use></svg> <svg class="theme-icon-when-light"><use href="#svg-sun"></use></svg> </button> </div> <label class="toc-overlay-icon toc-content-icon" for="__toc"> <div class="visually-hidden">Toggle table of contents sidebar</div> <i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-toc"></use></svg></i> </label> </div> <article role="main" id="furo-main-content"> <section id="changes-for-1-3"> <h1>Changes for 1.3<a class="headerlink" href="#changes-for-1-3" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1> <section id="id1"> <h2>1.3.7 (2018-10-12)<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Formatting run info no longer includes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code> objects that have no value in the greenlet. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1275">issue #1275</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Fixed negative length in pywsgi’s Input read functions for non chunked body. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1274">issue #1274</a> by tzickel.</p></li> <li><p>Upgrade libuv from 1.22.0 to 1.23.2.</p></li> <li><p>Fix opening files in text mode in CPython 2 on Windows by patching libuv. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1282">issue #1282</a> reported by wiggin15.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id2"> <h2>1.3.6 (2018-08-17)<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>gevent now depends on greenlet 0.4.14 or above. gevent binary wheels for 1.3.5 and below must have greenlet 0.4.13 installed on Python 3.7 or they will crash. Reported by Alexey Stepanov in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1260">issue #1260</a> and pkittenis in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1261">issue #1261</a>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> subclasses correctly supports <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@staticmethod</span></code> functions. Reported by Brendan Powers in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1266">issue #1266</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id3"> <h2>1.3.5 (2018-07-16)<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Update the bundled libuv from 1.20.1 to 1.22.0.</p></li> <li><p>Test Python 3.7 on Appveyor. Fix the handling of Popen’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close_fds</span></code> argument on 3.7.</p></li> <li><p>Update Python versions tested on Travis, including PyPy to 6.0. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1195">issue #1195</a>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html#module-gevent.queue" title="gevent.queue"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code></a> imports <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PySimpleQueue</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SimpleQueue</span></code> so that it doesn’t block the event loop. <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.monkey.html#gevent.monkey.patch_all" title="gevent.monkey.patch_all"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.monkey.patch_all()</span></code></a> makes this same substitution in <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/queue.html#module-queue" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">queue</span></code></a>. This fixes issues with <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor</span></code></a> as well. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1248">issue #1248</a> by wwqgtxx and <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1251">issue #1251</a> by pyld.</p></li> <li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket.socket.connect()</span></code> doesn’t pass the port (service) to <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#socket.getaddrinfo" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.getaddrinfo()</span></code></a> when it resolves an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AF_INET</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AF_INET6</span></code> address. (The standard library doesn’t either.) This fixes an issue on Solaris. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1252">issue #1252</a> by wiggin15.</p></li> <li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket.socket.connect()</span></code> works with more address families, notably AF_TIPC, AF_NETLINK, AF_BLUETOOTH, AF_ALG and AF_VSOCK.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id4"> <h2>1.3.4 (2018-06-20)<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Be more careful about issuing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MonkeyPatchWarning</span></code> for ssl imports. Now, we only issue it if we detect the one specific condition that is known to lead to RecursionError. This may produce false negatives, but should reduce or eliminate false positives.</p></li> <li><p>Based on measurements and discussion in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1233">issue #1233</a>, adjust the way <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pywsgi.html#module-gevent.pywsgi" title="gevent.pywsgi"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pywsgi</span></code></a> generates HTTP chunks. This is intended to reduce network overhead, especially for smaller chunk sizes.</p></li> <li><p>Additional slight performance improvements in <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pywsgi.html#module-gevent.pywsgi" title="gevent.pywsgi"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pywsgi</span></code></a>. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1241">pull request #1241</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id5"> <h2>1.3.3 (2018-06-08)<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html#gevent.sleep" title="gevent.sleep"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.sleep()</span></code></a> updates the loop’s notion of the current time before sleeping so that sleep duration corresponds more closely to elapsed (wall clock) time. <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.timeout.html#gevent.Timeout" title="gevent.Timeout"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Timeout</span></code></a> does the same. Reported by champax and FoP in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1227">issue #1227</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Fix an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnboundLocalError</span></code> in SSL servers when wrapping a socket throws an error. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1236">issue #1236</a> by kochelmonster.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="post0-2018-05-30"> <h2>1.3.2.post0 (2018-05-30)<a class="headerlink" href="#post0-2018-05-30" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Fix a packaging error in manylinux binary wheels that prevented some imports from working. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1219">issue #1219</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id6"> <h2>1.3.2 (2018-05-29)<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Allow weak refeneces to <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html#gevent.queue.Queue" title="gevent.queue.Queue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue.Queue</span></code></a>. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1217">issue #1217</a> by githrdw.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id7"> <h2>1.3.1 (2018-05-18)<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Allow weak references to <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html#gevent.event.Event" title="gevent.event.Event"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event.Event</span></code></a>. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1211">issue #1211</a> by Matias Guijarro.</p></li> <li><p>Fix embedded uses of <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html#gevent.Greenlet.spawn" title="gevent.Greenlet.spawn"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Greenlet.spawn()</span></code></a>, especially under uwsgi. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1212">issue #1212</a> by Kunal Gangakhedkar.</p></li> <li><p>Fix <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.os.html#gevent.os.nb_write" title="gevent.os.nb_write"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.os.nb_write()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.os.html#gevent.os.nb_read" title="gevent.os.nb_read"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.os.nb_read()</span></code></a> not always closing the IO event they opened in the event of an exception. This would be a problem especially for libuv.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id8"> <h2>1.3.0 (2018-05-11)<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Python 3.7 passes the automated memory leak checks. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1197">issue #1197</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Update autoconf’s config.guess and config.sub to the latest versions for c-ares and libev.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> subclasses that mix-in ABCs can be instantiated. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1201">issue #1201</a> by Bob Jordan.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="b2-2018-05-03"> <h2>1.3b2 (2018-05-03)<a class="headerlink" href="#b2-2018-05-03" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>On Windows, CFFI is now a dependency so that the libuv backend really can be used by default.</p></li> <li><p>Fix a bug detecting whether we can use the memory monitoring features when psutil is not installed.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen</span></code></a> uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/proc/self/fd</span></code> (on Linux) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/fd</span></code> (on BSD, including macOS) to find the file descriptors to close when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close_fds</span></code> is true. This matches an optimization added to Python 3 (and backports it to Python 2.7), making process spawning up to 9 times faster. Also, on Python 3, since Python 3.3 is no longer supported, we can also optimize the case where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close_fds</span></code> is false (not the default), making process spawning up to 38 times faster. Initially reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1172">issue #1172</a> by Ofer Koren.</p></li> <li><p>The bundled libuv is now 1.20.1, up from 1.19.2. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1177">issue #1177</a>.</p></li> <li><p>The long-deprecated and undocumented module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.wsgi</span></code> was removed.</p></li> <li><p>Add <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html#gevent.util.assert_switches" title="gevent.util.assert_switches"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util.assert_switches</span></code></a> to build on the monitoring functions. Fixes <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1182">issue #1182</a>.</p></li> <li><p>A started monitor thread for the active hub now survives a fork. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1185">issue #1185</a>.</p></li> <li><p>The greenlet tracer functions used for the various monitoring capabilities are now compiled with Cython for substantially lower overhead. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1190">pull request #1190</a>.</p></li> <li><p>libuv now collects all pending watchers and runs their callbacks at the end of the loop iteration using UV_RUN_ONCE. This eliminates the need to patch libuv to be greenlet-safe. It also means that zero-duration timer watchers are actual timer watchers again (instead of being turned into check watchers); newly added zero-duration timers cannot block the event loop because they won’t be run until a safe time.</p></li> <li><p>Python 3.7.0b4 is now the tested and supported version of Python 3.7. PyPy 6.0 has been tested, although CI continues to use 5.10.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="b1-2018-04-13"> <h2>1.3b1 (2018-04-13)<a class="headerlink" href="#b1-2018-04-13" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <section id="dependencies"> <h3>Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Cython 0.28.2 is now used to build gevent from a source checkout.</p></li> <li><p>The bundled libuv is now 1.19.2, up from 1.18.0.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="platform-support"> <h3>Platform Support<a class="headerlink" href="#platform-support" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Travis CI tests on Python 3.7.0b3.</p></li> <li><p>Windows now defaults to the libuv backend if CFFI is installed. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1163">issue #1163</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="bug-fixes"> <h3>Bug Fixes<a class="headerlink" href="#bug-fixes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>On Python 2, when monkey-patching <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html#threading.Event" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Event</span></code></a>, also monkey-patch the underlying class, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading._Event</span></code>. Some code may be type-checking for that. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1136">issue #1136</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Fix libuv io watchers polling for events that only stopped watchers are interested in, reducing CPU usage. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1144">issue #1144</a> by wwqgtxx.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="enhancements"> <h3>Enhancements<a class="headerlink" href="#enhancements" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Add additional optimizations for spawning greenlets, making it faster than 1.3a2.</p></li> <li><p>Use strongly typed watcher callbacks in the libuv CFFI extensions. This prevents dozens of compiler warnings.</p></li> <li><p>When gevent prints a timestamp as part of an error message, it is now in UTC format as specified by RFC3339.</p></li> <li><p>Threadpool threads that exit now always destroy their hub (if one was created). This prevents some forms of resource leaks (notably visible as blocking functions reported by the new monitoring abilities).</p></li> <li><p>Hub objects now include the value of their <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> attribute in their repr.</p></li> <li><p>Pools for greenlets and threads have lower overhead, especially for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code>. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1153">pull request #1153</a>.</p></li> <li><p>The undocumented, internal implementation classes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMap</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IMapUnordered</span></code> classes are now compiled with Cython, further reducing the overhead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[Thread]Pool.imap</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p>The classes <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html#gevent.event.Event" title="gevent.event.Event"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event.Event</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html#gevent.event.AsyncResult" title="gevent.event.AsyncResult"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event.AsyncResult</span></code></a> are compiled with Cython for improved performance, as is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code> module and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.hub.Waiter</span></code> and certain time-sensitive parts of the hub itself. Please report any compatibility issues.</p></li> <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">gevent.monkey</span> <span class="pre"><script></span></code> accepts more values for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><script></span></code>, including paths to packages or compiled bytecode. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1157">issue #1157</a> by Eddie Linder.</p></li> <li><p>Add a simple event framework for decoupled communication. It uses <a class="reference external" href="https://zopeevent.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html#module-zope.event" title="(in zope.event v5.1)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zope.event</span></code></a> if that is installed.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.monkey.html#module-gevent.monkey" title="gevent.monkey"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.monkey</span></code></a> has support for plugins in the form of event subscribers and setuptools entry points. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1158">pull request #1158</a> and <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1162">issue #1162</a>. setuptools must be installed at runtime for its entry points to function.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="monitoring-and-debugging"> <h3>Monitoring and Debugging<a class="headerlink" href="#monitoring-and-debugging" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Introduce the configuration variable <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.config.track_greenlet_tree</span></code> (aka <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_TRACK_GREENLET_TREE</span></code>) to allow disabling the greenlet tree features for applications where greenlet spawning is performance critical. This restores spawning performance to 1.2 levels.</p></li> <li><p>Add an optional monitoring thread for each hub. When enabled, this thread (by default) looks for greenlets that block the event loop for more than 0.1s. You can add your own periodic monitoring functions to this thread. Set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_MONITOR_THREAD_ENABLE</span></code> to use it, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_MAX_BLOCKING_TIME</span></code> to configure the blocking interval.</p></li> <li><p>The monitoring thread emits events when it detects certain conditions, like loop blocked or memory limits exceeded.</p></li> <li><p>Add settings for monitoring memory usage and emitting events when a threshold is exceeded and then corrected. gevent currently supplies no policy for what to do when memory exceeds the configured limit. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">psutil</span></code> must be installed to use this. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1150">pull request #1150</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> </section> <section id="a2-2018-03-06"> <h2>1.3a2 (2018-03-06)<a class="headerlink" href="#a2-2018-03-06" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <section id="id9"> <h3>Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Cython 0.28b1 or later is now required to build gevent from a source checkout (Cython is <em>not</em> required to build a source distribution from PyPI).</p></li> <li><p>Update c-ares to 1.14.0. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1105">issue #1105</a>.</p></li> <li><p>gevent now <strong>requires</strong> the patched version of libuv it is distributed with. Building gevent with a non-embedded libuv, while not previously supported, is not possible now. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1126">issue #1126</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id10"> <h3>Platform Support<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Travis CI tests on Python 3.7.0b2 and PyPy 2.7 5.10.0 and PyPy 3.5 5.10.1.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="build-changes"> <h3>Build Changes<a class="headerlink" href="#build-changes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Fix building from a source distribution (PyPI) without Cython installed.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id11"> <h3>Enhancements<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Add the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dnspython</span></code> resolver as a lightweight alternative to c-ares. It is generally faster than c-ares and is supported on PyPy. c-ares may be deprecated in the future. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1088">pull request #1088</a> and <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1103">issue #1103</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Add the module <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.time.html#module-gevent.time" title="gevent.time"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.time</span></code></a> that can be imported instead of <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#module-time" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time</span></code></a>, much like <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.socket.html#module-gevent.socket" title="gevent.socket"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket</span></code></a> can be imported instead of <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html#module-socket" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>. It contains <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.sleep</span></code>. This aids monkey-patching.</p></li> <li><p>Simple subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> now have the same (substantially improved) performance characteristics of plain <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> itself, making them 2 to 3 times faster than before. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1117">pull request #1117</a>. If there are any compatibility problems, please open issues.</p></li> </ul> <section id="id12"> <h4>Monitoring and Debugging<a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Greenlet objects now keep track of their spawning parent greenlet and the code location that spawned them, in addition to maintaining a “spawn tree local” mapping. This adds some runtime overhead in relative terms, but absolute numbers are still relatively small. Based on a proposal from PayPal and comments by Mahmoud Hashemi and Kurt Rose. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/755">issue #755</a> and <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1115">pull request #1115</a>. As always, feedback is appreciated.</p></li> <li><p>Greenlet objects now have a <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html#gevent.Greenlet.minimal_ident" title="gevent.Greenlet.minimal_ident"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minimal_ident</span></code></a> property. It functions similarly to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Thread.ident</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code> by uniquely identifying the greenlet object while it remains alive, and it can be reused after the greenlet object is dead. It is different in that it is small and sequential. Based on a proposal from PayPal and comments by Mahmoud Hashemi and Kurt Rose. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/755">issue #755</a>. As always, feedback is appreciated.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html#gevent.Greenlet" title="gevent.Greenlet"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Greenlet</span></code></a> objects now have a <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html#gevent.Greenlet.name" title="gevent.Greenlet.name"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Greenlet.name</span></code></a> attribute that is included in the default repr.</p></li> <li><p>Include the values of <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> objects associated with each greenlet in <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html#gevent.util.format_run_info" title="gevent.util.format_run_info"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util.format_run_info</span></code></a>.</p></li> <li><p>Add <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html#gevent.util.GreenletTree" title="gevent.util.GreenletTree"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util.GreenletTree</span></code></a> to visualize the greenlet tree. This is used by <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html#gevent.util.format_run_info" title="gevent.util.format_run_info"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util.format_run_info</span></code></a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="subprocess"> <h4>Subprocess<a class="headerlink" href="#subprocess" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Make <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevnt.subprocess.Popen</span></code> accept the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">restore_signals</span></code> keyword argument on all versions of Python, and on Python 2 have it default to false. It previously defaulted to true on all versions; now it only defaults to true on Python 3. The standard library in Python 2 does not have this argument and its behaviour with regards to signals is undocumented, but there is code known to rely on signals not being restored under Python 2. Initial report and patch in <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1063">pull request #1063</a> by Florian Margaine.</p></li> <li><p>Allow <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen</span></code></a> to accept the keyword arguments <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pass_fds</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_new_session</span></code> under Python 2. They have always had the same default as Python 3, namely an empty tuple and false, but now are accessible to Python 2.</p></li> <li><p>Support the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">capture_output</span></code> argument added to Python 3.7 in <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.run" title="gevent.subprocess.run"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.run()</span></code></a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="configuration"> <h4>Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Centralize all gevent configuration in an object at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.config</span></code>, allowing for gevent to be configured through code and not <em>necessarily</em> environment variables, and also provide a centralized place for documentation. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1090">issue #1090</a>.</p> <ul> <li><p>The new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_CORE_CFFI_ONLY</span></code> environment variable has been replaced with the pre-existing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_LOOP</span></code> environment variable. That variable may take the values <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libev-cext</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libev-cffi</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libuv-cffi</span></code>, (or be a list in preference order, or be a dotted name; it may also be assigned to an object in Python code at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.config.loop</span></code>).</p></li> <li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENTARES_SERVERS</span></code> environment variable is deprecated in favor of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_RESOLVER_SERVERS</span></code>. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1103">issue #1103</a>.</p></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </section> </section> <section id="id13"> <h3>Bug Fixes<a class="headerlink" href="#id13" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Fix calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutdown</span></code> on a closed socket. It was raising <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code>, now it once again raises the correct <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.error</span></code>. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1089">issue #1089</a> by André Cimander.</p></li> <li><p>Fix an interpreter crash that could happen if two or more <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop</span></code> objects referenced the default event loop and one of them was destroyed and then the other one destroyed or (in the libev C extension implementation only) deallocated (garbage collected). See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1098">issue #1098</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Fix a race condition in libuv child callbacks. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1104">issue #1104</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="other-changes"> <h3>Other Changes<a class="headerlink" href="#other-changes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>The internal, undocumented module <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent._threading</span></code> has been simplified.</p></li> <li><p>The internal, undocumented class <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent._socket3._fileobject</span></code> has been removed. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1084">issue #1084</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Simplify handling of the libev default loop and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">destroy()</span></code> method. The default loop, when destroyed, can again be requested and it will regenerate itself. The default loop is the only one that can receive child events.</p></li> <li><p>Make <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket.socket.sendall()</span></code> up to ten times faster on PyPy3, through the same change that was applied in gevent 1.1b3 for PyPy2.</p></li> <li><p>Be more careful about issuing a warning about patching SSL on Python 2. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1108">issue #1108</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Signal handling under PyPy with libuv is more reliable. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1112">issue #1112</a>.</p></li> <li><p>The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.greenlet</span></code> module is now compiled with Cython to offset any performance decrease due to <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/755">issue #755</a>. Please open issues for any compatibility concerns. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1115">pull request #1115</a> and <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1120">pull request #1120</a>.</p></li> <li><p>On CPython, allow the pure-Python implementations of <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html#gevent.Greenlet" title="gevent.Greenlet"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Greenlet</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#module-gevent.local" title="gevent.local"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.lock.html#module-gevent.lock" title="gevent.lock"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.lock</span></code></a> to be used when the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PURE_PYTHON</span></code> is set. This is not recommended except for debugging and testing. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1118">issue #1118</a>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.select.html#gevent.select.poll.poll" title="gevent.select.poll.poll"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select.poll.poll()</span></code></a> now interprets a <em>timeout</em> of -1 the same as a <em>timeout</em> of <em>None</em> as the standard requires. Previously, on libuv this was interpreted the same as a <em>timeout</em> of 0. In addition, all <em>timeout</em> values less than zero are interpreted like <em>None</em> (as they always were under libev). See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1127">issue #1127</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Monkey-patching now defaults to patching <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Event</span></code>.</p></li> </ul> </section> </section> <section id="a1-2018-01-27"> <h2>1.3a1 (2018-01-27)<a class="headerlink" href="#a1-2018-01-27" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <section id="id14"> <h3>Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#id14" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>gevent is now built and tested with Cython 0.27. This is required for Python 3.7 support.</p></li> <li><p>Update c-ares to 1.13.0. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/990">issue #990</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id15"> <h3>Platform Support<a class="headerlink" href="#id15" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Add initial support for Python 3.7a3. It has the same level of support as Python 3.6.</p> <ul> <li><p>Using unreleased Cython 0.28 and greenlet 0.4.13; requires Python 3.7a3.</p></li> <li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async</span></code> functions and classes have been renamed to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async_</span></code> due to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async</span></code> becoming a keyword in Python 3.7. Aliases are still in place for older versions. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1047">issue #1047</a>.</p></li> </ul> </li> <li><p>gevent is now tested on Python 3.6.4. This includes the following fixes and changes:</p> <ul> <li><p>Errors raised from <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#module-gevent.subprocess" title="gevent.subprocess"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess</span></code></a> will have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code> attribute set.</p></li> <li><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threading.html#gevent.threading.Timer" title="gevent.threading.Timer"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.Timer</span></code></a> class is now monkey-patched and can be joined. Previously on Python 3.4 and above, joining a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Timer</span></code> would hang the process.</p></li> <li><p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ssl.SSLSocket.unwrap()</span></code> behaves more like the standard library, including returning a SSLSocket and allowing certain timeout-related SSL errors to propagate. The added standard library tests <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_ftplib.py</span></code> now passes.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen</span></code></a> accepts a “path-like object” for the <em>cwd</em> parameter on all platforms. Previously this only worked on POSIX platforms under Python 3.6. Now it also works on Windows under Python 3.6 (as expected) and is backported to all previous versions.</p></li> </ul> </li> <li><p>Linux CI now tests on PyPy3 3.5-5.9.0, updated from PyPy3 3.5-5.7.1. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1001">issue #1001</a>. PyPy2 has been updated to 5.9.0 from 5.7.1, Python 2.7 has been updated to 2.7.14 from 2.7.13, Python 3.4 is updated to 3.4.7 from 3.4.5, Python 3.5 is now 3.5.4 from 3.5.3, and Python 3.6 is now 3.6.4 from 3.6.0.</p></li> <li><p>Drop support for Python 3.3. The documentation has only claimed support for 3.4+ since gevent 1.2 was released, and only 3.4+ has been tested. This merely removes the supporting Trove classifier and remaining test code. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/997">issue #997</a>.</p></li> <li><p>PyPy is now known to run on Windows using the libuv backend, with caveats. See the section on libuv for more information.</p></li> <li><p>Due to security concerns, official support for Python 2.7.8 and earlier (without a modern SSL implementation) has been dropped. These versions are no longer tested with gevent, but gevent can still be installed on them. Supporting code will be removed in the next major version of gevent. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1073">issue #1073</a>.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id16"> <h3>Build Changes<a class="headerlink" href="#id16" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>When building gevent from a source checkout (<em>not</em> a distributed source distribution), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span></code> is no longer required and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Makefile</span></code> is not used. Neither is an external <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cython</span></code> command. Instead, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cythonize</span></code> function is used, as recommended by Cython. (The external commands were never required by source distributions.) See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1076">issue #1076</a>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> is compiled with Cython on CPython.</p></li> <li><p>The Cython ares ‘channel’ class is no longer declared to be publicly accessible from a named C structure. Doing so caused a conflict with the c-ares header files.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id17"> <h3>Bug Fixes<a class="headerlink" href="#id17" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>If a single greenlet created and destroyed many <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> objects without ever exiting, there would be a leak of the function objects intended to clean up the locals after the greenlet exited. Introduce a weak reference to avoid that. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/981">issue #981</a> by Heungsub Lee.</p></li> <li><p>pywsgi also catches and ignores by default <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno.WSAECONNABORTED</span></code> on Windows. Initial patch in <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/999">pull request #999</a> by Jan van Valburg.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate()</span></code></a> returns the correct type of str (not bytes) in universal newline mode under Python 3, or when an encoding has been specified. Initial patch in <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/939">pull request #939</a> by William Grzybowski.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen.communicate()</span></code></a> (and in general, accessing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen.stdout</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen.stderr</span></code>) returns the correct type of str (bytes) in universal newline mode under Python 2. Previously it always returned unicode strings. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1039">issue #1039</a> by Michal Petrucha.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.fileobject.html#gevent.fileobject.FileObjectPosix" title="gevent.fileobject.FileObjectPosix"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.fileobject.FileObjectPosix</span></code></a> returns native strings in universal newline mode on Python 2. This is consistent with what <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.fileobject.html#gevent.fileobject.FileObjectThread" title="gevent.fileobject.FileObjectThread"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileObjectThread</span></code></a> does. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1039">issue #1039</a>.</p></li> <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.send()</span></code> now catches <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPROTOTYPE</span></code> on macOS to handle a race condition during shutdown. Fixed in <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1035">pull request #1035</a> by Jay Oster.</p></li> <li><p><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket.create_connection()</span></code> now properly cleans up open sockets if connecting or binding raises a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a> like <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#KeyboardInterrupt" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyboardInterrupt</span></code></a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://greenlet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#greenlet.GreenletExit" title="(in greenlet v3.1.2.dev0)"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">greenlet.GreenletExit</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.timeout.html#gevent.Timeout" title="gevent.timeout.Timeout"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.timeout.Timeout</span></code></a>. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1044">issue #1044</a> by kochelmonster.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="id18"> <h3>Other Changes<a class="headerlink" href="#id18" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul> <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Pool.add</span></code> now accepts <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blocking</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timeout</span></code> parameters, which function similarly to their counterparts in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Semaphore</span></code>. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1032">pull request #1032</a> by Ron Rothman.</p></li> <li><p>Defer adjusting the stdlib’s list of active threads until <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> is monkey patched. Previously this was done when <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threading.html#module-gevent.threading" title="gevent.threading"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threading</span></code></a> was imported. That module is documented to be used as a helper for monkey patching, so this should generally function the same, but some applications ignore the documentation and directly import that module anyway.</p> <p>A positive consequence is that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">gevent.threading,</span> <span class="pre">threading;</span> <span class="pre">threading.current_thread()</span></code> will no longer return a DummyThread before monkey-patching. Another positive consequence is that PyPy will no longer print a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code> on exit if <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threading.html#module-gevent.threading" title="gevent.threading"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threading</span></code></a> was imported <em>without</em> monkey-patching.</p> <p>See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/984">issue #984</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>Specify the Requires-Python metadata for improved installation support in certain tools (setuptools v24.2.1 or newer is required). See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/995">issue #995</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Monkey-patching after the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#module-ssl" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl</span></code></a> module has been imported now prints a warning because this can produce <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RecursionError</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> objects are now approximately 3.5 times faster getting, setting and deleting attributes on PyPy. This involved implementing more of the attribute protocols directly. Please open an issue if you have any compatibility problems. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1020">issue #1020</a>.</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html#gevent.local.local" title="gevent.local.local"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local.local</span></code></a> is compiled with Cython on CPython. It was already 5 to 6 times faster due to the work on <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1020">issue #1020</a>, and compiling it with Cython makes it another 5 to 6 times faster, for a total speed up of about 35 times. It is now in the same ballpark as the native <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html#threading.local" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading.local</span></code></a> class. It also uses one pointer less memory per object, and one pointer less memory per greenlet. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1024">pull request #1024</a>.</p></li> <li><p>More safely terminate subprocesses on Windows with <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html#gevent.subprocess.Popen.terminate" title="gevent.subprocess.Popen.terminate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess.Popen.terminate()</span></code></a>. Reported in <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1023">issue #1023</a> by Giacomo Debidda.</p></li> <li><p>gevent now uses cffi’s “extern ‘Python’” callbacks. These should be faster and more stable. This requires at least cffi 1.4.0. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1049">issue #1049</a>.</p></li> <li><p>gevent now approximately tries to stick to a scheduling interval when running callbacks, instead of simply running a count of callbacks. The interval is determined by <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html#gevent.getswitchinterval" title="gevent.getswitchinterval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.getswitchinterval()</span></code></a>. On Python 3, this is the same as the thread switch interval. On Python 2, this defaults to 0.005s and can be changed with <a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html#gevent.setswitchinterval" title="gevent.setswitchinterval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.setswitchinterval()</span></code></a>. This should result in more fair “scheduling” of greenlets, especially when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.sleep(0)</span></code> or other busy callbacks are in use. The interval is checked every 50 callbacks to keep overhead low. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1072">issue #1072</a>. With thanks to Arcadiy Ivanov and Antonio Cuni.</p></li> </ul> </section> <section id="libuv"> <h3>libuv<a class="headerlink" href="#libuv" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul> <li><p>Add initial <em>experimental</em> support for using libuv as a backend instead of libev, controlled by setting the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_CORE_CFFI_ONLY=libuv</span></code> before importing gevent. This suffers a number of limitations compared to libev, notably:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>libuv support is not available in the manylinux wheels uploaded to PyPI. The manylinux specification requires glibc 2.5, while libuv requires glibc 2.12. Install from source to access libuv on Linux (e.g., pip’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-binary</span></code> option).</p></li> <li><p>Timers (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.sleep</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Timeout</span></code>) only support a resolution of 1ms (in practice, it’s closer to 1.5ms). Attempting to use something smaller will automatically increase it to 1ms and issue a warning. Because libuv only supports millisecond resolution by rounding a higher-precision clock to an integer number of milliseconds, timers apparently suffer from more jitter.</p></li> <li><p>Using negative timeouts may behave differently from libev.</p></li> <li><p>libuv blocks delivery of all signals, so signals are handled using an (arbitrary) 0.3 second timer. This means that signal handling will be delayed by up to that amount, and that the longest the event loop can sleep in the operating system’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poll</span></code> call is that amount. Note that this is what gevent does for libev on Windows too.</p></li> <li><p>libuv only supports one io watcher per file descriptor, whereas libev and gevent have always supported many watchers using different settings. The libev behaviour is emulated at the Python level, but that adds overhead.</p></li> <li><p>Looping multiple times and expecting events for the same file descriptor to be raised each time without any data being read or written (as works with libev) does not appear to work correctly on Linux when using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select.poll</span></code> or a monkey-patched <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selectors.PollSelector</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p>The build system does not support using a system libuv; the embedded copy must be used. Using setuptools to compile libuv was the most portable method found.</p></li> <li><p>If anything unexpected happens, libuv likes to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abort()</span></code> the entire process instead of reporting an error. For example, closing a file descriptor it is using in a watcher may cause the entire process to be exited.</p></li> <li><p>There may be occasional otherwise unexplained and hard to duplicate crashes. If you can duplicate a crash, <strong>please</strong> submit an issue.</p></li> <li><p>This is the only backend that PyPy can use on Windows. As of this alpha, there are many known issues with non-blocking sockets (e.g., as used by <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncore.html#module-asyncore" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncore</span></code></a>; see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_ftplib.py</span></code>) and sometimes sockets not getting closed in a timely fashion (apparently; see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_httpservers.py</span></code>) and communicating with subprocesses (it always hangs). Help tracking those down would be appreciated. Only PyPy2 is tested.</p></li> </ul> <p>Feedback and pull requests are welcome, especially to address the issues mentioned above.</p> <p>Other differences include:</p> <ul> <li><p>The order in which timers and other callbacks are invoked may be different than in libev. In particular, timers and IO callbacks happen in a different order, and timers may easily be off by up to half of the supposed 1ms resolution. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1057">issue #1057</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Starting a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timer</span></code> watcher does not update the loop’s time by default. This is because, unlike libev, a timer callback can cause other timer callbacks to be run if they expire because the loop’s time updated, without cycling the event loop. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1057">issue #1057</a>.</p> <p>libev has also been changed to follow this behaviour.</p> <p>Also see <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1072">issue #1072</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>Timers of zero duration do not necessarily cause the event loop to cycle, as they do in libev. Instead, they may be called immediately. If zero duration timers are added from other zero duration timer callbacks, this can lead the loop to appear to hang, as no IO will actually be done.</p> <p>To mitigate this issue, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.timer()</span></code> detects attempts to use zero duration timers and turns them into a check watcher. check watchers do not support the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">again</span></code> method.</p> </li> <li><p>All watchers (e.g., <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.io</span></code>) and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Timeout</span></code> class have a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close</span></code> method that should be called when code is done using the object (they also function as context managers and a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code> statement will automatically close them). gevent does this internally for sockets, file objects and internal timeouts. Neglecting to close an object may result in leaking native resources. To debug this, set the environment variables <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_DEBUG=debug</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONTRACEMALLOC=n</span></code> before starting the process.</p> <p>The traditional cython-based libev backend will not leak if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close</span></code> is not called and will not produce warnings. The CFFI-based libev backend will not currently leak but will produce warnings. The CFFI-based libuv backend may leak and will produce warnings.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Again, this is extremely experimental and all of it is subject to change.</p> <p>See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/790">issue #790</a> for history and more in-depth discussion.</p> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="libev"> <h3>libev<a class="headerlink" href="#libev" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>The C extension has been updated to use more modern Cython idioms and generate less code for simplicity, faster compilation and better cache usage. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1077">pull request #1077</a>.</p> <ul> <li><p>Watcher objects may be slightly larger. On a 64-bit platform, a typical watcher may be 16 bytes (2 pointers) larger. This is offset by slight performance gains.</p></li> <li><p>Cython is no longer preprocessed. Certain attributes that were previously only defined in certain compilation modes (notably LIBEV_EMBED) are now always defined, but will raise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code> or have a negative value when not available. In general these attributes are not portable or documented and are not implemented by libuv or the CFFI backend. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1076">issue #1076</a>.</p></li> <li><p>Certain private helper functions (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent_handle_error</span></code>, and part of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent_call</span></code>) are now implemented in Cython instead of C. This reduces our reliance on internal undocumented implementation details of Cython and Python that could change. See <a class="extlink-pr reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/pull/1080">pull request #1080</a>.</p></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="related-pages"> <a class="next-page" href="changelog_1_2.html"> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Next</span> </div> <div class="title">Changes for 1.2</div> </div> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </a> <a class="prev-page" href="changelog_1_4.html"> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Previous</span> </div> <div class="title">Changes for 1.4</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="bottom-of-page"> <div class="left-details"> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © 2009-2023, gevent contributors </div> Made with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> and <a class="muted-link" href="https://pradyunsg.me">@pradyunsg</a>'s <a href="https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo">Furo</a> </div> <div class="right-details"> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <aside class="toc-drawer"> <div class="toc-sticky toc-scroll"> <div class="toc-title-container"> <span class="toc-title"> On this page </span> </div> <div class="toc-tree-container"> <div class="toc-tree"> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Changes for 1.3</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">1.3.7 (2018-10-12)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">1.3.6 (2018-08-17)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">1.3.5 (2018-07-16)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id4">1.3.4 (2018-06-20)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id5">1.3.3 (2018-06-08)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#post0-2018-05-30">1.3.2.post0 (2018-05-30)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id6">1.3.2 (2018-05-29)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id7">1.3.1 (2018-05-18)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id8">1.3.0 (2018-05-11)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#b2-2018-05-03">1.3b2 (2018-05-03)</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#b1-2018-04-13">1.3b1 (2018-04-13)</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#platform-support">Platform Support</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bug-fixes">Bug Fixes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#enhancements">Enhancements</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#monitoring-and-debugging">Monitoring and Debugging</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#a2-2018-03-06">1.3a2 (2018-03-06)</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id9">Dependencies</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id10">Platform Support</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-changes">Build Changes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id11">Enhancements</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id12">Monitoring and Debugging</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#subprocess">Subprocess</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id13">Bug Fixes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-changes">Other Changes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#a1-2018-01-27">1.3a1 (2018-01-27)</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id14">Dependencies</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id15">Platform Support</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id16">Build Changes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id17">Bug Fixes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#id18">Other Changes</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#libuv">libuv</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#libev">libev</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div><script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=32fdf4fc"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="_static/scripts/furo.js?v=5fa4622c"></script> </body> </html>