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id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicinal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medicinal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_constituents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_constituents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Main constituents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_constituents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Toxicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaffir lime</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C3%ABt" title="Kruët – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kruët" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0%D9%8A" title="ليمون قنفذي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليمون قنفذي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81" title="কাফির লেবু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাফির লেবু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limau_kuit" title="Limau kuit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Limau kuit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citron%C3%ADk_je%C5%BEat%C3%BD" title="Citroník ježatý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Citroník ježatý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffernlimette" title="Kaffernlimette – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaffernlimette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahvri_laimipuu" title="Kahvri laimipuu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kahvri laimipuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%ADricia_papedo" title="Maŭricia papedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maŭricia papedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="لیموی کفیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیموی کفیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combava" title="Combava – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combava" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%94%BC%EB%A5%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%84" title="카피르라임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카피르라임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruk_purut" title="Jeruk purut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jeruk purut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruk_purut" title="Jeruk purut – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jeruk purut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Кафир-лайм – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кафир-лайм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Кафир-лайм – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кафир-лайм" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Кафир-лайм – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Кафир-лайм" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94" title="ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jherruk_porot" title="Jherruk porot – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jherruk porot" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%82" title="കഫീർ ലൈം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഫീർ ലൈം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B6_%D9%83%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="حامض كفيرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حامض كفيرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limau_purut" title="Limau purut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Limau purut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="တောရှောက်ခါး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တောရှောက်ခါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_papeda" title="Mauritius papeda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mauritius papeda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3" title="コブミカン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コブミカン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius-Papeda" title="Mauritius-Papeda – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mauritius-Papeda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffirlime" title="Kaffirlime – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaffirlime" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Кафир-лайм – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кафир-лайм" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papeda" title="Papeda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papeda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combava" title="Combava – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combava" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Папеда ежеиглистая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папеда ежеиглистая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_lime" title="Kaffir lime – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kaffir lime" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombava" title="Kombava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kombava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruk_purut" title="Jeruk purut – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jeruk purut" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryppylimetti" title="Ryppylimetti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryppylimetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" title="Citrus hystrix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Citrus hystrix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpe" title="Kalpe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalpe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Kaffir lime </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg/220px-Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg/330px-Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg/440px-Citrus_hystrix_fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Fruit on tree </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Citrus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus"><i>Citrus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. hystrix</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Citrus hystrix</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">DC.</a><sup id="cite_ref-tpl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars,_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_(Fuller_et_al.,_2017).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png/220px-Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png/330px-Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png/440px-Map_of_inferred_original_wild_ranges_of_the_main_Citrus_cultivars%2C_and_selected_relevant_wild_taxa_%28Fuller_et_al.%2C_2017%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="1682" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Map of inferred original wild ranges of the main <i>Citrus</i> cultivars, with <i>C. hystrix</i> in pale green<sup id="cite_ref-fuller_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuller-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"> <ul><li><i>C. auraria</i> <small>Michel</small></li> <li><i>C. balincolong</i> <small>(Yu.Tanaka) Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. boholensis</i> <small>(Wester) Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. celebica</i> <small>Koord.</small></li> <li><i>C. combara</i> <small>Raf.</small></li> <li><i>C. echinata</i> <small>St.-Lag.</small> nom. illeg.</li> <li><i>C. hyalopulpa</i> <small>Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. kerrii</i> <small>(Swingle) Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. kerrii</i> <small>(Swingle) Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. latipes</i> <small>Hook.f. & Thomson ex Hook.f.</small></li> <li><i>C. macroptera</i> <small>Montrouz.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Citrus_micrantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus micrantha">C. micrantha</a></i> <small>Wester</small></li> <li><i>C. papeda</i> <small>Miq.</small></li> <li><i>C. papuana</i> <small>F.M.Bailey</small></li> <li><i>C. southwickii</i> <small>Wester</small></li> <li><i>C. torosa</i> <small>Blanco</small></li> <li><i>C. tuberoides</i> <small>J.W.Benn.</small></li> <li><i>C. ventricosa</i> <small>Michel</small></li> <li><i>C. vitiensis</i> <small>Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>C. westeri</i> <small>Yu.Tanaka</small></li> <li><i>Fortunella sagittifolia</i> <small>K.M.Feng & P.Y.Mao</small></li> <li><i>Papeda rumphii</i> <small>Hassk.</small></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Citrus hystrix</b></i>, called the <b>kaffir lime</b>, <b>Thai lime</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>makrut lime</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-grin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Citrus_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus fruit">citrus fruit</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-npark_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npark-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its fruit and leaves are used in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Southeast Asian cuisine</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Petitgrain" title="Petitgrain">essential oil</a> is used in perfumery.<sup id="cite_ref-Ng_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ng-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its rind and crushed leaves emit an intense citrus fragrance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg/170px-Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg/255px-Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg/340px-Citrus_hystrix_Blanco2.408-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <i>C. hystrix</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Manuel_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Manuel Blanco">Francisco Manuel Blanco</a></figcaption></figure> <p>"Kaffir" is thought to ultimately derive from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafir</a></i>, meaning <i>infidel</i>, though the mechanism by which it came to be applied to the lime is uncertain. Following the takeover of the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a>, Muslims used the term to refer to the non-Muslim indigenous Africans, who were increasingly abducted for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a>, which reached a height in the fifteenth and sixteenth century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The most likely <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> is through the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Kaffirs" title="Sri Lanka Kaffirs">Kaffirs</a>, an ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> partly descended from enslaved <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest known reference, under the alternative spelling "caffre" is in the 1888 book <i>The Cultivated Oranges, Lemons Etc. of India and Ceylon</i> by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Bonavia" title="Emanuel Bonavia">Emanuel Bonavia</a>, who notes, "The plantation <a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolies</a> also smear it over their feet and legs, to keep off land <a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">leeches</a>; and therefore in Ceylon [Sri Lanka] it has also got the name of <i>Kudalu dchi</i>, or Leech Lime. Europeans call it Caffre Lime."<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bonavia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonavia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, H.F. MacMillan's 1910 book <i>A Handbook of Tropical Gardening and Planting</i> notes, "The 'Kaffir Lime' in Ceylon."<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another proposed etymology is directly by Indian Muslims of the imported fruit from the non-Muslim lands to the east to "convey otherness and exotic provenance."<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claims that the name of the fruit derives directly from the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> ethnic slur "<a href="/wiki/Kaffir_(racial_term)" title="Kaffir (racial term)">kaffir</a>" <i>(see "South Africa" below)</i> are not well supported.<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>C. hystrix</i> is known by various names in its native areas: </p> <ul><li><span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">jêruk purut</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> and <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">limau purut</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (respectively into <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a>) both meaning "warty/rough-skinned lime" due to the fruit's bumpy texture.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">jiàn yè chéng</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">箭叶橙</span></span> "arrow-leaf lime") in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>.</li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">kabuyaw</i></span> or <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">kulubot</i></span> in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press/Taylor_&_Francis_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press/Taylor_&_Francis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Cabuyao" title="Cabuyao">Cabuyao</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laguna_(province)" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> is named after the fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press/Taylor_&_Francis_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press/Taylor_&_Francis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kolumichai</i>, <span lang="ta">கொலுமிச்சை</span> in <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Tamil" title="Kongu Tamil">Kongu Tamil</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">makrud</i></span> or <span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">makrut</i></span> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:มะกรูด">มะกรูด</a></span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/máʔ.krùːt/</span>) in Thailand (a name also used for the <a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">bergamot orange</a>).</li> <li><span title="Lao-language romanization"><i lang="lo-Latn">mak khi hut</i></span> (<span title="Lao-language text"><span lang="lo">ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lo-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ma᷆ːk.kʰi᷆ː.hu᷆ːt/</span>) in Laos.</li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">chúc</i></span> or <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">chanh Thái</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-npark_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npark-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">combava</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> Island</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Citrus_micrantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus micrantha">micrantha</a>, a similar citrus fruit native to the Philippines that is ancestral to several hybrid limes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Key_lime" title="Key lime">Key lime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_lime" title="Persian lime">Persian lime</a>, may represent the same species as <i>C. hystrix</i>, but the genomic characterization of the kaffir lime has not been performed in sufficient detail to allow a definitive conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, the Arabic <i>kafir</i> was adopted by White colonialists as "<a href="/wiki/Kaffir_(racial_term)" title="Kaffir (racial term)">kaffir</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_140703_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate_140703-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an ethnic slur for black African people.<sup id="cite_ref-straight.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, some authors favour switching from "kaffir lime" to "makrut lime," a less well-known name, while in South Africa, it is usually referred to as "Thai lime".<sup id="cite_ref-McKenna2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKenna2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>C. hystrix</i> is a thorny shrub or small tree, 2 to 11 metres (6 to 35 ft) tall, with aromatic and <a href="/wiki/Leaf_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">distinctively shaped "double" leaves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar2008_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StaplesKristiansen1999_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StaplesKristiansen1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hourglass-shaped leaves comprise the leaf blade plus a flattened, leaf-like stalk (botanically, a winged <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiole</a>). The fruit is rough and green and ripens to yellow; it is distinguished by its bumpy exterior and small size, approximately 4 cm (2 in) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-StaplesKristiansen1999_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StaplesKristiansen1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits have thick skins (<a href="/wiki/Fruit_(plant_structure)#Pericarp_layers" title="Fruit (plant structure)">pericarps</a>) and taste very acidic and slightly bitter.<sup id="cite_ref-Flora_Of_China_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flora_Of_China-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flowers can have four to five petals that are white in color and are fragrant.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sonnerat" title="Pierre Sonnerat">Pierre Sonnerat</a> (1748–1814) collected specimens of it in 1771–72, and it appears in Lamarck's Encyclopédie Méthodique (1796).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Makrut lime appears in texts under the name of kaffir lime in 1868, in Ceylon, where rubbing the juice onto legs and socks prevents leech bites.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could be a possible origin of the name leech lime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>C. hystrix</i> leaves are used in Southeast Asian cuisines such as <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laotian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian cuisine">Laotian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a>. The leaves are the most frequently used part of the plant, fresh, dried, or frozen. The leaves are widely used in <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai cuisine</a><sup id="cite_ref-thaitravel_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thaitravel-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BP-20171112_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-20171112-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (for dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Tom_yum" title="Tom yum">tom yum</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian cuisine</a> (for the base paste "<a href="/wiki/Kroeung" title="Kroeung">krueng</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are used in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a> to add fragrance to chicken dishes and to decrease the pungent odor when steaming snails. Also, in Vietnamese villages that harvest <a href="/wiki/Silkworms" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkworms">silkworms</a>, the silkworms in the <a href="/wiki/Pupa" title="Pupa">pupa</a> stage are <a href="/wiki/Stir_fried" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried">stir fried</a> with the kaffir lime leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are used in <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Indonesia">Indonesian cuisine</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese cuisine</a>) for foods such as <a href="/wiki/Soto_ayam" title="Soto ayam">soto ayam</a> and are used along with <a href="/wiki/Syzygium_polyanthum" title="Syzygium polyanthum">Indonesian bay leaf</a> for chicken and fish. They are also found in <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Malaysia">Malaysian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Myanmar">Burmese</a> cuisines.<sup id="cite_ref-hutton_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hutton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">rind</a> (peel) is commonly used in Lao and <a href="/wiki/Thai_curry" title="Thai curry">Thai curry</a> paste, adding an aromatic, astringent flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-thaitravel_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thaitravel-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">zest</a> of the fruit, referred to as combava,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is used in <a href="/wiki/Creole_cuisine" title="Creole cuisine">creole cuisine</a> to impart flavor in <a href="/wiki/Flavored_liquor" title="Flavored liquor">infused rums</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rougails&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rougails (page does not exist)">rougails</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Cambodia, the entire fruit is <a href="/wiki/Candied_fruit" title="Candied fruit">crystallized/candied</a> for eating.<sup id="cite_ref-dyphon_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dyphon-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicinal">Medicinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medicinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The juice and rinds of the peel are used in traditional medicine in some Asian countries; the fruit's juice is often used in shampoo and is believed to kill head lice.<sup id="cite_ref-StaplesKristiansen1999_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StaplesKristiansen1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The juice is used as a cleanser for clothing and hair in Thailand<sup id="cite_ref-BP-20171112_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BP-20171112-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and occasionally in Cambodia. <a href="/wiki/Lustral_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Lustral water">Lustral water</a> mixed with slices of the fruit is used in religious ceremonies in Cambodia. </p><p>Makrut lime oil is used as raw material in many fields, including pharmaceutical, agronomic, food, sanitary, cosmetic, and perfume industries. It is also used extensively in aromatherapy and as an essential ingredient in various cosmetic and beauty products.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Striped snakehead fish stuffed with C. hystrix and lemongrass in preparation for steaming"><img alt="Striped snakehead fish stuffed with C. hystrix and lemongrass in preparation for steaming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg/120px-Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg/180px-Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg/240px-Fish_stuffed_with_Thai_herbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Channa_striata" title="Channa striata">Striped snakehead</a> fish stuffed with <i>C. hystrix</i> and <a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">lemongrass</a> in preparation for steaming</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="C. hystrix leaves floating in tom yum"><img alt="C. hystrix leaves floating in tom yum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg/180px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg/240px-Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tom_yam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>C. hystrix</i> leaves floating in <a href="/wiki/Tom_yum" title="Tom yum">tom yum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrus_hystrix_DC._(AM_AK305877-3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit longitudinal section"><img alt="Fruit longitudinal section" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg/120px-Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg/180px-Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg/240px-Citrus_hystrix_DC._%28AM_AK305877-3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit longitudinal section</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried fruit rinds"><img alt="Dried fruit rinds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg/120px-Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg/180px-Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg/240px-Combava_Rind_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried fruit rinds</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Powdered fruit rind, used in Malagasy cuisine"><img alt="Powdered fruit rind, used in Malagasy cuisine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg/120px-Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg/180px-Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg/240px-Combava_Powder_Madagascar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Powdered fruit rind, used in <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy cuisine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phanaeng_kai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cut leaf strips on chicken phanaeng"><img alt="Cut leaf strips on chicken phanaeng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Phanaeng_kai.jpg/120px-Phanaeng_kai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Phanaeng_kai.jpg/180px-Phanaeng_kai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Phanaeng_kai.jpg/240px-Phanaeng_kai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cut leaf strips on chicken <a href="/wiki/Phanaeng" title="Phanaeng">phanaeng</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang,_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="C. hystrix leaves for sale in Phou Puy Wholesale Vegetable Market in Battambang, Cambodia (August 2022)"><img alt="C. hystrix leaves for sale in Phou Puy Wholesale Vegetable Market in Battambang, Cambodia (August 2022)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg/120px-2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg/180px-2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg/240px-2022.08-516-248ap1_Large_bags_with_Citrus_hystrix_leaves_for_sale_in_Phou_Puy_Wholesale_Vegetable_Market_in_Battambang%2C_Cambodia_sat27aug2022-1516h.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4678" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>C. hystrix</i> leaves for sale in Phou Puy Wholesale Vegetable Market in <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a>, Cambodia (August 2022)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaffir_Lime_(Citrus_hystrix)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg/220px-Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg/330px-Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg/440px-Kaffir_Lime_%28Citrus_hystrix%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption>Small <i>C. hystrix</i> shrub in pot</figcaption></figure> <p><i>C. hystrix</i> is grown worldwide in suitable climates as a garden shrub for home fruit production. It is well suited to <a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">container gardens</a> and for large <a href="/wiki/Flower_pot" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower pot">garden pots</a> on <a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">patios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrace_(building)" title="Terrace (building)">terraces</a>, and in conservatories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_constituents">Main constituents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main constituents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The compound responsible for the characteristic aroma was identified as <a href="/wiki/Citronellal" title="Citronellal">(–)-(<i>S</i>)-citronellal</a>, which is contained in the leaf oil up to 80 percent; minor components include <a href="/wiki/Citronellol" title="Citronellol">citronellol</a> (10 percent), <a href="/wiki/Nerol" title="Nerol">nerol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limonene" title="Limonene">limonene</a>. </p><p>From a stereochemical point of view, it is remarkable that makrut lime leaves contain only the (<i>S</i>) <a href="/wiki/Stereoisomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoisomer">stereoisomer</a> of citronellal, whereas its <a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer">enantiomer</a>, (+)-(<i>R</i>)-citronellal is found in both <a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">lemon balm</a> and (to a lesser degree) <a href="/wiki/Lemon_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon grass">lemon grass</a>, (however, citronellal is only a trace component in the latter's essential oil). </p><p>Makrut lime fruit peel contains an essential oil comparable to lime fruit peel oil; its main components are limonene and <a href="/wiki/Pinene" title="Pinene">β-pinene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ng_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ng-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kasuan_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kasuan-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>C. hystrix</i> contains significant quantities of <a href="/wiki/Furanocoumarins" class="mw-redirect" title="Furanocoumarins">furanocoumarins</a>, in both the peel and the pulp.<sup id="cite_ref-Dugrand-Judek_et_al._2015_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dugrand-Judek_et_al._2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furanocoumarins are known to cause <a href="/wiki/Phytophotodermatitis" title="Phytophotodermatitis">phytophotodermatitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-McGovern_and_Barkley_2000_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGovern_and_Barkley_2000-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a potentially severe skin inflammation. Cases of phytophotodermatitis induced by external use of <i>C. hystrix</i> have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Koh_and_Ong_1999_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koh_and_Ong_1999-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citrus_hystrix" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Citrus hystrix">Citrus hystrix</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a> – Botanical classification of the genus Citrus</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaffir_lime&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tpl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tpl_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2724129">"TPL, treatment of <i>Citrus hystrix</i> DC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a>; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+List%3B+Version+1.+%28published+on+the+internet%29&rft.atitle=TPL%2C+treatment+of+Citrus+hystrix+DC.&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl%2Frecord%2Fkew-2724129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaffir+lime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuller-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fuller_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFullerCastilloKingwell-BanhamQin2017" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/pcjb/2173?lang=en">"Charred pomelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia"</a>. In Zech-Matterne, Véronique; Fiorentino, Girolamo (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03501166/file/2017-Ruas-etal-Citrus.pdf"><i>AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.pcjb.2107">10.4000/books.pcjb.2107</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782918887775" title="Special:BookSources/9782918887775"><bdi>9782918887775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charred+pomelo+peel%2C+historical+linguistics+and+other+tree+crops%3A+approaches+to+framing+the+historical+context+of+early+Citrus+cultivation+in+East%2C+South+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.btitle=AGRUMED%3A+Archaeology+and+history+of+citrus+fruit+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.pub=Publications+du+Centre+Jean+B%C3%A9rard&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.pcjb.2107&rft.isbn=9782918887775&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Dorian+Q.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Kingwell-Banham%2C+Eleanor&rft.au=Qin%2C+Ling&rft.au=Weisskopf%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpcjb%2F2173%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaffir+lime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2724129"><i>The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plant+List%3A+A+Working+List+of+All+Plant+Species&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl1.1%2Frecord%2Fkew-2724129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaffir+lime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=291778">"Citrus hystrix - Plant Finder"</a>. <i>www.missouribotanicalgarden.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Should We Change It?"</a>, <i>National Geographic</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2014/07/18/a-food-has-an-historic-objectionable-name-should-we-change-it/">the original</a> on 2015-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=A+Food+Has+a+Historic%2C+Objectionable+Name.+Should+We+Change+It%3F&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Maryn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheplate.nationalgeographic.com%2F2014%2F07%2F18%2Fa-food-has-an-historic-objectionable-name-should-we-change-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaffir+lime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/common-lime-name-has-racist-history-1.2698863">Common lime name has racist history</a> by Khalil Akhtar, CBC News, Jul 8, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?id=K5002600">"Kaf·fir also kaf·fir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Hawaii Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2094-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2094-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-2094-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Culinary+Herbs%3A+A+Guide+to+Identification+and+Cultivation+in+Hawai%27i&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2094-7&rft.aulast=Staples&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Kristiansen%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjbsdYHEJiDIC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaffir+lime" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flora_Of_China-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flora_Of_China_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFjian_ye_cheng" class="citation web cs1">jian ye cheng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313263">"<i>Citrix hystrix</i> in <i>Flora of China</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Skeet, Ch. J. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HAM3AQAAMAAJ&q=%22kaffir+lime%22&pg=PA58"><i>The History of the Rebellion in Ceylon During Lord Torrington's Government: Affording a Comparison with Jamaica and Governor Eyre</i></a>. University of Minnesota. p. 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Citrus" title="Template:Citrus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Citrus" title="Template talk:Citrus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citrus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Citrus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Citrus803" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">Citrus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lime" title="Australian lime">Australian and Papuan wild limes group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">Citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_cavaleriei" title="Citrus cavaleriei">Ichang papeda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaffir lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumquat" title="Kumquat">Kumquats group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_orange" title="Mandarin orange">Mandarin orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_mangshanensis" title="Citrus mangshanensis">Mangshanyegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_halimii" title="Citrus halimii">Mountain citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomelo" title="Pomelo">Pomelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_ryukyuensis" title="Citrus ryukyuensis">Ryukyu mandarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Citrus_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus hybrid">hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grapefruit" title="Grapefruit">Grapefruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">Orange</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Citrus_%C3%97_sinensis" title="Citrus × sinensis">sweet orange</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True and hybrid<br /><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_macrophylla" title="Citrus macrophylla">Alemow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanatsu" title="Amanatsu">Amanatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_lemon" title="Assam lemon">Assam lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">Bergamot orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizzarria" title="Bizzarria">Bizzarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_orange" title="Bitter orange">Bitter orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_lime" title="Blood lime">Blood lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_orange" title="Blood orange">Blood orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byeonggyul" title="Byeonggyul">Byeonggyul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biasong" class="mw-redirect" title="Biasong">Biasong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_s%C3%A0nh" title="Cam sành">Cam sành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_Cara_navel_orange" title="Cara Cara navel orange">Cara Cara navel orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrange" title="Citrange">Citrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrumelo" title="Citrumelo">Citrumelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine" title="Clementine">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorg_orange" title="Coorg orange">Coorg orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidai" title="Daidai">Daidai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekopon" title="Dekopon">Dekopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Encore%27_mandarin" title="'Encore' mandarin">Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_tangerine" title="Fairchild tangerine">Fairchild tangerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_citron" title="Florentine citron">Florentine citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit_(citrus)" title="Forbidden fruit (citrus)">Forbidden fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_assamensis" title="Citrus assamensis">Ginger lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruka_(citrus)" title="Haruka (citrus)">Haruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassaku" title="Hassaku">Hassaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebesu" title="Hebesu">Hebesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heen_naran" title="Heen naran">Heen naran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyuganatsu" title="Hyuganatsu">Hyuganatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_lemon" title="Imperial lemon">Imperial lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_indica" title="Citrus indica">Indian wild orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyokan" title="Iyokan">Iyokan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabara_(citrus)" title="Jabara (citrus)">Jabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_orange" title="Jaffa orange">Jaffa orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_tangelo" title="Jamaican tangelo">Jamaican tangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbad" title="Kabbad">Kabbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabosu" title="Kabosu">Kabosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaji_Nemu" title="Kaji Nemu">Kaji Nemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_gracilis" title="Citrus gracilis">Kakadu lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpi_(fruit)" title="Kalpi (fruit)">Kalpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpei" title="Kanpei">Kanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawachi_bankan" title="Kawachi bankan">Kawachi bankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_lime" title="Key lime">Key lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_latipes" title="Citrus latipes">Khasi papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinkoji_unshiu" title="Kinkoji unshiu">Kinkoji unshiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnow" title="Kinnow">Kinnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishu_mikan" title="Kishu mikan">Kishu mikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyomi" title="Kiyomi">Kiyomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobayashi_mikan" title="Kobayashi mikan">Kobayashi mikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_orange" title="Koji orange">Koji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komikan_(fruit)" title="Komikan (fruit)">Komikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laraha" title="Laraha">Laraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemonade_fruit" title="Lemonade fruit">Lemonade fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%B3n_de_Pica" title="Limón de Pica">Limón de Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumia_(citrus)" title="Lumia (citrus)">Lumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelo" title="Mandelo">Mandelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandora_(fruit)" title="Mandora (fruit)">Mandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_macroptera" title="Citrus macroptera">Melanesian papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melogold" title="Melogold">Melogold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_lemon" title="Meyer lemon">Meyer lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrantha_(citrus)" title="Micrantha (citrus)">Micrantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midknight_Valencia_Orange" title="Midknight Valencia Orange">Midknight Valencia Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcott_(fruit)" title="Murcott (fruit)">Murcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia" title="Citrus myrtifolia">Myrtle-leaved orange tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_orange" title="Nagpur orange">Nagpur orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_%C3%97_amblycarpa" title="Citrus × amblycarpa">Nasnaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_grapefruit" title="New Zealand grapefruit">New Zealand grapefruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cgonkan" title="Ōgonkan">Ōgonkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangelo" title="Orangelo">Orangelo/Chironja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroblanco" title="Oroblanco">Oroblanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_sweet_lime" title="Palestinian sweet lime">Palestinian sweet lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_lime" title="Persian lime">Persian lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_mandarin" title="Pixie mandarin">Pixie mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompia" title="Pompia">Pompia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponderosa_lemon" title="Ponderosa lemon">Ponderosa lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponkan" title="Ponkan">Ponkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpur_(fruit)" title="Rangpur (fruit)">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reikou" title="Reikou">Reikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhobs_el_Arsa" title="Rhobs el Arsa">Rhobs el Arsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_lemon" title="Rough lemon">Rough lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuyao" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuyao">Samuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbokan" title="Sanbokan">Sanbokan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_unshiu" title="Citrus unshiu">Satsuma mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setoka" title="Setoka">Setoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjuan" title="Shangjuan">Shangjuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonan_Gold" title="Shonan Gold">Shonan Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Red_Valencia" title="Smith Red Valencia">Smith Red Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudachi" title="Sudachi">Sudachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_orange#Varieties" title="Koji orange">Suruga yuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_lemon" title="Sweet lemon">Sweet lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_limetta" title="Citrus limetta">Sweet limetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangelo" title="Tangelo">Tangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">Tangerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangor" title="Tangor">Tangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunonozomi" title="Tsunonozomi">Tsunonozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia_orange" title="Valencia orange">Valencia orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variegated_pink_lemon" title="Variegated pink lemon">Variegated pink lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkamer_lemon" title="Volkamer lemon">Volkamer lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_longispina" title="Citrus longispina">Winged lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A3_%C4%90o%C3%A0i_orange" title="Xã Đoài orange">Xã Đoài orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABk%C5%8D" title="Yūkō">Yūkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">Citrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balady_citron" title="Balady citron">Balady citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_citron" title="Corsican citron">Corsican citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamante_citron" title="Diamante citron">Diamante citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingered_citron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingered citron">Fingered citron/Buddha's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">Greek citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_citron" title="Moroccan citron">Moroccan citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_citron" title="Yemenite citron">Yemenite citron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_orange_varieties" title="Mandarin orange varieties">Mandarin oranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_reshni" title="Citrus reshni">Cleopatra mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_depressa" title="Citrus depressa">Shīkwāsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanfengmiju" title="Nanfengmiju">Nanfengmiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_orange" title="Tachibana orange">Tachibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_x_deliciosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus x deliciosa">Willowleaf orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papeda_(citrus)" title="Papeda (citrus)">Papedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_celebica" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus celebica">Celebes papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_halimii" title="Citrus halimii">Mountain "citron"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_ichangensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus ichangensis">Ichang papeda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomelos">Pomelos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banpeiyu" title="Banpeiyu">Banpeiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyuja" title="Dangyuja">Dangyuja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumquat" title="Kumquat">Kumquats</a> group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumquat species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_hindsii" title="Citrus hindsii">Hong Kong kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_crassifolia" title="Citrus crassifolia">Meiwa kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_margarita" title="Citrus margarita">Oval kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_japonica" title="Citrus japonica">Round kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_obovata" title="Citrus obovata">Jiangsu kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_swinglei" title="Citrus swinglei">Malayan kumquat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumquat hybrids <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_name" title="Hybrid name">×</a> <a href="/wiki/Citrofortunella" title="Citrofortunella">Citrofortunella</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi" title="Calamansi">Calamansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrangequat" title="Citrangequat">Citrangequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limequat" title="Limequat">Limequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarinquat" title="Mandarinquat">Mandarinquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procimequat" title="Procimequat">Procimequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunquat" title="Sunquat">Sunquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzuquat" title="Yuzuquat">Yuzuquat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_lime" title="Australian lime">Australian<br />and Papuan<br />wild limes group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Eromocitrus</i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_glauca" title="Citrus glauca">Desert lime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Microcitrus</i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_warburgiana" title="Citrus warburgiana">New Guinea wild lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_australis" title="Citrus australis">Australian round lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_inodora" title="Citrus inodora">Russell River lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_maideniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus maideniana">Maiden's wild lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_garrawayi" title="Citrus garrawayi">Mount White lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_australasica" title="Citrus australasica">Australian finger lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_wintersii" title="Citrus wintersii">Brown River finger lime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Clymenia_(plant)" title="Clymenia (plant)">Clymenia</a></i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clymenia_platypoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clymenia platypoda (page does not exist)">Clymenia platypoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clymenia_polyandra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clymenia polyandra (page does not exist)">Clymenia polyandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/False_orange" title="False orange">Oxanthera</a></i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_oxanthera" title="Citrus oxanthera">Orange-flowered oxanthera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_neocaledonica" title="Citrus neocaledonica">Large-leaf oxanthera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_undulata" title="Citrus undulata">Wavy-leaf oxanthera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxanthera_brevipes" title="Oxanthera brevipes">Oxanthera brevipes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy#Trifoliate_orange" title="Citrus taxonomy">Related genera</a><br />(perhaps<br />properly <i>Citrus</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trifoliate_orange" title="Trifoliate orange">Poncirus</a></i>/<a href="/wiki/Trifoliate_orange" title="Trifoliate orange">Trifoliate orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamansi juice">Calamansi juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABhai" title="Chūhai">Chūhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime_tea" title="Dried lime tea">Dried lime tea (noomi basra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapefruit_juice" title="Grapefruit juice">Grapefruit juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemonade" title="Lemonade">Lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeade" title="Limeade">Limeade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_juice" title="Orange juice">Orange juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja-hwachae" title="Yuja-hwachae">Yuja-hwachae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja_tea" title="Yuja tea">Yuja tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_citrate" title="Calcium citrate">Calcium citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">Citric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphenyl" title="Biphenyl">Lemonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonene" title="Limonene">Limonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neroli" title="Neroli">Neroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_flower_water" title="Orange flower water">Orange flower water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_oil" title="Orange oil">Orange oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangeat">Orangeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succade" title="Succade">Succade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_citrus_diseases" title="List of citrus diseases">Diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_black_spot" title="Citrus black spot">Black spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_canker" title="Citrus canker">Canker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_tristeza_virus" title="Citrus tristeza virus">CTV/Tristeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_exocortis" title="Citrus exocortis">Exocortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_greening_disease" title="Citrus greening disease">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoma_tracheiphila" title="Phoma tracheiphila">Mal secco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora" title="Phytophthora">Phytophthora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_citricola" title="Phytophthora citricola">citricola</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Citrus botanists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_H._Hasse" title="Clara H. Hasse">Clara H. Hasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Willard_Hodgson" title="Robert Willard Hodgson">Robert Willard Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_B._Smithers_Hughes" title="Lena B. Smithers Hughes">Lena B. Smithers Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mabberley" title="David Mabberley">David Mabberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Rodier" title="Clément Rodier">Clément Rodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Soost" title="Robert Soost">Robert Soost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Tennyson_Swingle" title="Walter Tennyson Swingle">Walter Tennyson Swingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzabur%C5%8D_Tanaka" title="Chōzaburō Tanaka">Chōzaburō Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikuro_Takahashi_(botanist)" title="Ikuro Takahashi (botanist)">Ikuro Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Volkamer" title="Johann Christoph Volkamer">Johann Christoph Volkamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_John_Webber" title="Herbert John Webber">Herbert John Webber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Citrus_Industry" title="The Citrus Industry">The Citrus Industry</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_rootstock" title="Citrus rootstock">Citrus rootstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-hardy_citrus" title="Cold-hardy citrus">Cold-hardy citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperidium" title="Hesperidium">Hesperidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_citrus" title="Japanese citrus">Japanese citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_citrus_fruits" title="List of citrus fruits">List of citrus fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Orange_Tree" title="Mother Orange Tree">Mother Orange Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Citrus_Experiment_Station" title="University of California Citrus Experiment Station">University of California Citrus Experiment Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_Citrus_Variety_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection">University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Citrus" title="Category:Citrus">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Citrus_production" title="Category:Citrus production">Production</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citrus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Citrus">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Citrus hystrix</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465934" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q465934">Q465934</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Citrus_hystrix" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Citrus hystrix">Citrus hystrix</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/215023">215023</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=437753">437753</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/VMKD">VMKD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2906075">2906075</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CIDHY">CIDHY</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242313263">242313263</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242313263">242313263</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/6433679">6433679</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10714">10714</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/123741">123741</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/771927-1">771927-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=825206">825206</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=291778">291778</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=170989">170989</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=322034">322034</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2724129">kew-2724129</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CIHY2">CIHY2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A771927-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771927-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/157902/wd/Details">157902</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Biodiversity_Institute" title="South African National Biodiversity Institute">SANBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=4589-22">4589-22</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/50108347">50108347</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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