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style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Dorothy Ray Healey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_Healey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Dorothy_Healey.jpg/220px-Dorothy_Healey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Dorothy_Healey.jpg/330px-Dorothy_Healey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5d/Dorothy_Healey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="584" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dorothy Healey at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> jail, 1949.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Dorothy Harriet Rosenblum</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-09-22</span>)</span>September 22, 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 6, 2006<span style="display:none">(2006-08-06)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">Political activist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dorothy Ray Healey</b> (September 22, 1914 – August 6, 2006) was a long-time activist in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a>, from the late 1920s to the 1970s. In the 1930s, she was one of the first union leaders to advocate for the rights of <a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> as factory and field workers. </p><p>During the decades of the 1950s and 1960s, Healey was one of the leading public figures of the Communist Party in the state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. An opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a> in 1968 and at odds with the orthodox pro-Soviet leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a>, Healey subsequently left the Communist Party to join the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a>, which merged to become part of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a> in 1982. She became a national vice-chair of DSA. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Healey was born <b>Dorothy Harriet Rosenblum</b> in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> to <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungarian Jewish</a> immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father's family, the Rosenblums, were proud of their <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a> background and considered themselves <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarians</a> rather than Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother's family, on the other hand, were <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jews</a>, with her maternal grandfather serving as a <i><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">shokhet</a></i>, a supervisor of the ritual slaughter of animals to ensure that they were <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Healey was a so-called "<a href="/wiki/Red_diaper_baby" title="Red diaper baby">red diaper baby</a>". Her mother was won over to <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> as a teenager after hearing a lecture on the subject delivered by <a href="/wiki/J._Stitt_Wilson" title="J. Stitt Wilson">J. Stitt Wilson</a> in 1900 and later took part in helping to establish the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of America">Communist Party of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was an apolitical traveling salesman, peddling foodstuffs to grocery stores. Her mother bore six children, one dying at birth and another dying in early childhood. She also performed multiple abortions upon herself, nearly dying of <a href="/wiki/Blood_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood poisoning">blood poisoning</a> on one occasion, as a result of the procedure when Dorothy was a young girl.<sup id="cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Dorothy was six, the family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, where she would eventually become known as the "Red Queen of Los Angeles." As her father moved about the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>, his family moved with him, and she attended 19 schools before dropping out of high school. At 14, she joined the youth section of the Workers (Communist) Party, the <a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League_USA" title="Young Communist League USA">Young Workers League</a>, and the adult Communist Party itself in 1932, at 18. At the behest of the YCL she took a job in a peach processing factory, making 12 cents an hour and hiding when government labor inspectors came looking for underage workers. It was there where she gained her first experience as an organizer.<sup id="cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leader_in_party">Leader in party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leader in party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Foley Square trial">Foley Square trial</a></div> <p>Her convictions about social justice and issues of race, class, unions and labor fueled her activism. From the moment that she joined the CPUSA, she was a true believer. "We knew with absolute conviction that we were part of a vanguard that was destined to lead an American working class to a socialist revolution", she once said. Healey became a successful labor organizer and rose to become the chair of the CPUSA in Southern California. Eventually, she joined the national Party leadership. She mentored many young communists and labor activists. In the 1950s, she and 14 other Californians were convicted under the <a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a> of conspiring to advocate the forceful overthrow of the government. She faced five years in prison and a $10,000 fine before the Supreme Court overturned the conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, she again faced imprisonment and a hefty fine under a piece of <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthy-era</a> legislation known as the <a href="/wiki/McCarran_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarran Act">McCarran Act</a>, when she and others refused to register as agents of a foreign government (the logic being that the CPUSA was under the control of the Soviet Union). In 1965, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> reconsidered an earlier decision and found the registration provision to be in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a> guarantee against self-incrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Break_with_party">Break with party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Break with party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A critical moment for her came in 1956, after the reading of <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>'s speech, "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>", which revealed the crimes that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> committed under the USSR's one-party system. "The speech went on for four hours, and I was reduced to tears after about 30 minutes," she said. "Fact after fact of monstrous things had happened. It was a relentless account. But I believed it. There was no questioning its authenticity." From that point, she was outspoken in her insistence for the American Communist Party to support democracy and reduce its ties with the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although many others like novelist <a href="/wiki/Howard_Fast" title="Howard Fast">Howard Fast</a> left the CPUSA after the revelations of Stalin's crimes, Healey tried to reform it from within. Her story is told in a book she wrote with historian Maurice Isserman, <i>Dorothy Healey Remembers: A Life in the American Communist Party</i> (1990), in which she revealed "the aspirations, commitment, illusions -- and, ultimately, disillusionment -- of a generation of young Communists" who joined the movement before and during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. </p><p>She resigned from her leadership post in 1968, after Soviet Party Boss <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> ordered Soviet and <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> troops to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">crush the movement in Czechoslovakia</a>. She stayed in the party until 1973, when she resigned in a dispute with CPUSA General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a> over issues of orthodoxy, to which she could no longer conform. The end came when she could no longer hold her tongue and publicly criticized the Party.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Healey joined the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a>, and in 1975, she became a member of its national interim committee. Later, she supported the merger of NAM with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee" title="Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a> in 1982, to form the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a>. Through her involvement with NAM and the Democratic Socialists, she provided an important link between the activists of the 1930s and the younger generation inspired by the popular movement against the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Healey became a national vice chair of DSA, and said in 1984, "So that potentially, what DSA represents, if ever realized, can be enormously exciting and important in the country."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Healey moved to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, in 1983 to live with her son, Richard Healey, to help raise her grandchildren. She had been broadcasting on <a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifica Radio">Pacifica Radio</a> in Los Angeles since 1959, and in Washington, she and Richard co-hosted "Dialogue," an hour-long public affairs show on <a href="/wiki/WPFW" title="WPFW">WPFW</a> on Wednesday mornings.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dorothy Ray Healey was married to, in her own words, "three good men": Lon Sherman, Don Healey, and Phillip Connelly. All three marriages ended in divorce. </p><p>She once wrote: "My hatred of capitalism, which degrades and debases humans, is as intense now as it was when I joined the Young Communist League in 1928. I remain a communist, as I have been all my life, albeit without a party."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Healey died of respiratory failure and pneumonia at age 91 at the Hebrew Home of Greater Washington in <a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WPobit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPobit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Healey's extensive collection of papers and other material on the CPUSA is archived at the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Long_Beach" title="California State University, Long Beach">California State University, Long Beach</a> library.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Healey is featured in two documentaries, <i>Seeing Red</i> (1983)<sup id="cite_ref-WPobit_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPobit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Dorothy Healey: An American Red</i> (1984).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Healey and Maurice Isserman, <i>California Red: A Life in the American Communist Party</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993, pg. pg. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-healeyremembers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-healeyremembers_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Healey and Maurice Isserman, <i>Dorothy Healey Remembers: A Life in the American Communist Party</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990; pp. 16, 19, 22, 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey and Isserman, <i>California Red</i>, pp. 133–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey and Isserman, <i>California Red</i>, pp. 188–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey and Isserman, <i>California Red</i>, pp. 150-171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey and Isserman, <i>California Red</i>, pp. 222-244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMosley2019" class="citation news cs1">Mosley, Bill (October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtonsocialist.mdcdsa.org/ws-articles/dorothy-healeys-reflections-on-a-period-of-transition-for-dsa-1984">"Reflections From 1984: Dorothy Healey's Reflections on a Period of Transition for DSA"</a>. <i>Washington Socialist</i>. <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a> Metro DC chapter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Socialist&rft.atitle=Reflections+From+1984%3A+Dorothy+Healey%27s+Reflections+on+a+Period+of+Transition+for+DSA&rft.date=2019-10&rft.aulast=Mosley&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonsocialist.mdcdsa.org%2Fws-articles%2Fdorothy-healeys-reflections-on-a-period-of-transition-for-dsa-1984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Healey and Isserman, <i>California Red</i>, pp. 245-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000422/http://info.interactivist.net/article.pl?sid=06/08/08/1716202&mode=nested&tid=1">"Interactivist Info Exchange - Lifelong Communist Dorothy Healey Dies at 91"</a>. 28 September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.interactivist.net/article.pl?sid=06/08/08/1716202&mode=nested&tid=1">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactivist+Info+Exchange+-+Lifelong+Communist+Dorothy+Healey+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.interactivist.net%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D06%2F08%2F08%2F1716202%26mode%3Dnested%26tid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPobit-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WPobit_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPobit_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2006" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Yvonne Shinhoster (August 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/10/AR2006081001866.html">"Dorothy Ray Healey, 91; 'The Red Queen' Was Leader in American Communist Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Ray+Healey%2C+91%3B+%27The+Red+Queen%27+Was+Leader+in+American+Communist+Party&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Yvonne+Shinhoster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F10%2FAR2006081001866.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPascual" class="citation web cs1">Pascual, Chloe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121046/http://www.csulb.edu/library/guide/serv/speccol.html">"Research Guides: Special Collections & University Archives: Descriptive List of CSULB Special Collections"</a>. <i>Csulb.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csulb.edu/library/guide/serv/speccol.html">the original</a> on 13 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Csulb.edu&rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+Special+Collections+%26+University+Archives%3A+Descriptive+List+of+CSULB+Special+Collections&rft.aulast=Pascual&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csulb.edu%2Flibrary%2Fguide%2Fserv%2Fspeccol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2387818/">"Dorothy Ray Healey"</a>. <i>IMDB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDB&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Ray+Healey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm2387818%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ninarota.com/eztv_timeline/dorothyhealey.html">"Dorothy Ray Healey, An American Red"</a>. <i>NinaRota.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NinaRota.com&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Ray+Healey%2C+An+American+Red&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fninarota.com%2Feztv_timeline%2Fdorothyhealey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Ray+Healey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dorothy Healey and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Isserman" title="Maurice Isserman">Maurice Isserman</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dorothyhealeyrem00heal">Dorothy Healey Remembers: A Life in the American Communist Party</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Reprinted in paperback as <i>California Red: A Life in the American Communist Party.</i> Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.</li> <li>Jon Wiener, "The Communist Party: An Interview with Dorothy Healey," <i>Radical America</i>, vol. 11, no. 3 (May-June 1977), pp. 24-45.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Ray_Healey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Foley_(poet)" title="Jack Foley (poet)">Jack Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Freund" title="Jim Freund">Jim Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(journalist)" title="Juan González (journalist)">Juan González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Henwood" title="Doug Henwood">Doug Henwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Kaku" title="Michio Kaku">Michio Kaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Lilley" title="Sasha Lilley">Sasha Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwiza_Munthali" title="Mwiza Munthali">Mwiza Munthali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Scahill" title="Jeremy Scahill">Jeremy Scahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Vincent" title="Rickey Vincent">Rickey Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Allison" title="Aimee Allison">Aimee Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Amirkhanian" title="Charles Amirkhanian">Charles Amirkhanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bauersfeld" title="Erik Bauersfeld">Erik Bauersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bensky" title="Larry Bensky">Larry Bensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Frances_Berry" title="Mary Frances Berry">Mary Frances Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blase_Bonpane" title="Blase Bonpane">Blase Bonpane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bustany" title="Don Bustany">Don Bustany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chatterjee" title="Pratap Chatterjee">Pratap Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Cooper" title="Marc Cooper">Marc Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fass" title="Bob Fass">Bob Fass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Garrett" title="Laurie Garrett">Laurie Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Gevins" title="Adi Gevins">Adi Gevins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Glantz" title="Aaron Glantz">Aaron Glantz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dorothy Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hill_(Pacifica_Radio)" title="Lewis Hill (Pacifica Radio)">Lewis Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hill_(broadcaster)" title="Stephen Hill (broadcaster)">Stephen Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Landau" title="Saul Landau">Saul Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Lupoff" title="Richard A. 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Lupoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Maeda" title="Sharon Maeda">Sharon Maeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Malveaux" title="Julianne Malveaux">Julianne Malveaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mandel" title="William Mandel">William Mandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Dell" title="Jack O'Dell">Jack O'Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Kenneth Rexroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sawaya" title="Nicole Sawaya">Nicole Sawaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Strachwitz" title="Chris Strachwitz">Chris Strachwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Knight_Thompson" title="Elsa Knight Thompson">Elsa Knight Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Tuckman" title="Roy Tuckman">Roy Tuckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FCC_v._Pacifica_Foundation" title="FCC v. 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