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src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Neutr%C3%AD" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Neutr%C3%AD" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Neutr%C3%AD" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Neutr%C3%AD" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-El_descobriment_de_la_massa_dels_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_descobriment_de_la_massa_dels_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>El descobriment de la massa dels neutrins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-El_descobriment_de_la_massa_dels_neutrins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció El descobriment de la massa dels neutrins</span> </button> <ul id="toc-El_descobriment_de_la_massa_dels_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Les_anomalies_dels_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_anomalies_dels_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Les anomalies dels neutrins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_anomalies_dels_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-El_problema_dels_neutrins_solars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_problema_dels_neutrins_solars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>El problema dels neutrins solars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_problema_dels_neutrins_solars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>El problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solució_a_les_anomalies_dels_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solució_a_les_anomalies_dels_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Solució a les anomalies dels neutrins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solució_a_les_anomalies_dels_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_solars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_solars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Solució al problema dels neutrins solars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_solars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Solució al problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_oscil·lacions_de_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_oscil·lacions_de_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Les oscil·lacions de neutrins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_oscil·lacions_de_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Probabilitat_d'oscil·lació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probabilitat_d'oscil·lació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Probabilitat d'oscil·lació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probabilitat_d'oscil·lació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matriu_de_mescla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matriu_de_mescla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Matriu de mescla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matriu_de_mescla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anàlisi_global_d'oscil·lacions_de_tres_sabors_de_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anàlisi_global_d'oscil·lacions_de_tres_sabors_de_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Anàlisi global d'oscil·lacions de tres sabors de neutrins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anàlisi_global_d'oscil·lacions_de_tres_sabors_de_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'anomalia_de_la_velocitat_de_desplaçament_dels_neutrins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'anomalia_de_la_velocitat_de_desplaçament_dels_neutrins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'anomalia de la velocitat de desplaçament dels neutrins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'anomalia_de_la_velocitat_de_desplaçament_dels_neutrins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neutrí</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 92 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="نيوترينو - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيوترينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="نوترينو - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوترينو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%27" title="নিউট্ৰিন' - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিউট্ৰিন'" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutr%C3%ADn" title="Neutrín - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Neutrín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neytrino" title="Neytrino - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neytrino" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="نوترینو - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوترینو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нейтрына - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нейтрына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Неутрино - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неутрино" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="নিউট্রিনো - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউট্রিনো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86" title="نووترینۆ - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نووترینۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Νετρίνο - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νετρίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C5%ADtrino" title="Neŭtrino - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neŭtrino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutriinod" title="Neutriinod - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neutriinod" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="نوترینو - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوترینو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutriino" title="Neutriino - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neutriino" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrin" title="Neutrin - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Neutrin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoidr%C3%ADon%C3%B3" title="Neoidríonó - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neoidríonó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9trino" title="Nétrino - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Nétrino" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B" title="ન્યુટ્રિનો - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ન્યુટ્રિનો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95" title="נייטרינו - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייטרינו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यूट्रिनो - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूट्रिनो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutr%C3%ADn%C3%B3" title="Neutrínó - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neutrínó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Նեյտրինո - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեյտրինո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiseind" title="Fiseind - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fiseind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E" title="ニュートリノ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュートリノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuuchriino" title="Nyuuchriino - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nyuuchriino" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ნეიტრინო - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეიტრინო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Нейтрино - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%84%B1%EB%AF%B8%EC%9E%90" title="중성미자 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중성미자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Нейтрино - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrinum" title="Neutrinum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neutrinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%BCtrin" title="Neütrin - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Neütrin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrinas" title="Neutrinas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neutrinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neitr%C4%ABno" title="Neitrīno - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neitrīno" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Неутрино - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неутрино" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B" title="ന്യൂട്രിനോ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂട്രിനോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यूट्रिनो - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यूट्रिनो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="နျူထရီနို - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နျူထရီနို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यूट्रिनो - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्यूट्रिनो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrino" title="Nøytrino - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nøytrino" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrino" title="Nøytrino - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nøytrino" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrin%C3%B2" title="Neutrinò - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neutrinò" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B" title="ਨਿਊਟ੍ਰੀਨੋ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਟ੍ਰੀਨੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="نیوٹرینو - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوٹرینو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrin" title="Neutrin - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neutrin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Нейтрино - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niutr%C3%ACnu" title="Niutrìnu - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Niutrìnu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutr%C3%ADno" title="Neutríno - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neutríno" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevtrino" title="Nevtrino - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nevtrino" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Неутрино - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неутрино" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="நியூட்ரினோ - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூட்ரினோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B" title="న్యూట్రినో - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూట్రినో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="นิวทริโน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวทริโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6trino" title="Nötrino - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nötrino" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neytrino" title="Neytrino - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Neytrino" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Нейтрино - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейтрино" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="نیوٹرینو - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوٹرینو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neytrino" title="Neytrino - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neytrino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="中微子 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中微子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="中微子 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中微子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Neutrino" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="微中子 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="微中子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2126#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Neutr%C3%AD" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Neutr%C3%AD" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Neutr%C3%AD" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&oldid=34116919" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Neutr%C3%AD&id=34116919&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNeutr%25C3%25AD"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNeutr%25C3%25AD"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Neutr%C3%AD"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Neutr%C3%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neutrino_physics" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2126" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#b0d1ad;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Atom_editor_logo_black.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula de partícula"><img alt="Infotaula de partícula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/25px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/38px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Atom_editor_logo_black.svg/50px-Atom_editor_logo_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></span>Neutrí</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg/300px-FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg/450px-FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg/600px-FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="506" /></a></span><div style="font-size:90%;">El primer ús d'una <a href="/wiki/Cambra_de_bombolles" title="Cambra de bombolles">cambra de bombolles</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> per a detectar neutrins, el <a href="/wiki/13_de_novembre" title="13 de novembre">13 de novembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. Un neutrí colpeja un protó en un àtom d'hidrogen. La col·lisió es va donar en el punt en què tres esteles emanen a la dreta de la fotografia.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Classificació</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lept%C3%B3" title="Leptó">leptó</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2990328" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2990328">neutral particle</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990328?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula#Composició" title="Partícula">Composició</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elemental" title="Partícula elemental">Partícula elemental</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Estad%C3%ADstica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Estadística de partícules">Estadística</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3" title="Fermió">Fermiònica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Grup</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lept%C3%B3" title="Leptó">Leptó</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3_(f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules)" title="Generació (física de partícules)">Generació</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Primera, segona i tercera</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Forces_fonamentals" title="Forces fonamentals">Interaccions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3_feble" class="mw-redirect" title="Interacció feble">Feble</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gravetat" title="Gravetat">gravetat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Símbol</th><td class="infobox-data">ν</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula">Antipartícula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD" title="Antineutrí">Antineutrí</a> <span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Teorització</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> (el <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic">neutrí electrònic</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Descoberta</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cowan" title="Clyde Cowan">Clyde Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> (el neutrí <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrònic">electrònic</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data">3: <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic">neutrí electrònic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí muònic">neutrí muònic</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrí tauònic">neutrí tauònic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Massa_invariant" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa invariant">Massa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Petita, però no nul·la.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desintegraci%C3%B3_de_part%C3%ADcules&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desintegració de partícules (encara no existeix)">Desintegració en</a></th><td class="infobox-data">cap valor <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126?uselang=ca#P816" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica">Càrrega elèctrica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_elemental" class="mw-redirect" title="Càrrega elemental">e</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADn" title="Espín">Espín</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Hiperc%C3%A0rrega_feble" title="Hipercàrrega feble">Hipercàrrega feble</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/B-L" class="mw-redirect" title="B-L"><i>B</i> − <i>L</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data">−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/X_(c%C3%A0rrega)" title="X (càrrega)"><i>X</i></a></th><td class="infobox-data">−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Supersimetria" title="Supersimetria">Supercompanya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí">Sneutrí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>neutrí</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elemental" title="Partícula elemental">partícula elemental</a> sense <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica">càrrega elèctrica</a> i sense <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_de_color" title="Càrrega de color">càrrega de color</a> que tenen una <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a> molt petita i un <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADn" title="Espín">espín</a> 1/2. El fet de tenir espín fraccionari fa que els neutrins formin part de la família de partícules anomenada <a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3" title="Fermió">fermions</a>, i dins d'aquesta, al grup dels <a href="/wiki/Leptons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptons">leptons</a>, que es caracteritzen per no estar sotmesos a la <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_nuclear_forta" title="Força nuclear forta">interacció forta</a>. Tampoc interactuen amb la <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme">força electromagnètica</a>, només ho fan amb la <a href="/wiki/Gravetat" title="Gravetat">gravetat</a> i amb la <a href="/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3_feble" class="mw-redirect" title="Interacció feble">interacció feble</a>. Atès que rarament interactuen amb alguna cosa, ha estat molt difícil detectar-los.<sup id="cite_ref-fermilab_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fermilab-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>És la segona partícula més abundant de l'univers, després dels <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó">fotons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trili%C3%B3" title="Trilió">trilions</a> de neutrins ens travessen cada segon sense afectar-nos. Es coneixen tres tipus, o sabors, de neutrins: el <b><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic">neutrí electrònic</a></b>, el <b><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí muònic">neutrí muònic</a></b> i el <b><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrí tauònic">neutrí tauònic</a></b>, simbolitzats com <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4fe16e29341b14991c3171e5f9ee7dd4a916f7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.147ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1248e56ab9afef3b813281f8ccb90e113004b51e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.372ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\tau }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>τ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\tau }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0020fce5d76f9ed72d266a11c33044a0b6129c64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.231ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\tau }}"></span>, respectivament. Un dels aspectes més estranys dels neutrins és que oscil·len entre els tres sabors mentre viatgen, és a dir, no tenen un sabor fix sinó que van canviant entre els tres coneguts.<sup id="cite_ref-fermilab_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fermilab-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durant molts anys els neutrins havien estat considerats com a partícules sense massa, una sèrie d'experiments fets a finals dels anys 90, com <a href="/wiki/Super-Kamiokande" title="Super-Kamiokande">Super-Kamiokande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SNO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNO (encara no existeix)">SNO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=KamLAND&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KamLAND (encara no existeix)">KamLAND</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=MINOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MINOS (encara no existeix)">MINOS</a>, van demostrar que la seva massa no és nul·la. Fins a la data, no es coneix el valor exacte de la massa dels neutrins, però existeixen cotes superiors que indiquen que les seues masses són molt menudes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La seva <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> és molt propera a la <a href="/wiki/Velocitat_de_la_llum" title="Velocitat de la llum">velocitat de la llum</a>, però encara no ha estat determinada amb exactitud.<sup id="cite_ref-fermilab_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fermilab-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hi ha molts processos a la natura que generen neutrins. Per exemple, es produeixen a les <a href="/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3_nuclear" title="Reacció nuclear">reaccions nuclears</a>, al <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">Sol</a>, a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desintegraci%C3%B3_de_part%C3%ADcules&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desintegració de partícules (encara no existeix)">desintegració de partícules</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> o a les <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">explosions d'estrelles</a>. A causa de la seva naturalesa elusiva, encara no són prou coneguts. Experiments recents suggereixen que hi podria haver un quart tipus de neutrí, el <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_est%C3%A8ril" title="Neutrí estèril">neutrí estèril</a> i també se sospita que els neutrins mateixos podrien ser la seva <a href="/wiki/Antipart%C3%ADcula" title="Antipartícula">antipartícula</a>, si això es confirma haurien participat en les primeres etapes de l'univers, just després del <a href="/wiki/Big-bang" title="Big-bang">big-bang</a>, quan la quantitat de matèria va sobrepassar la quantitat d'antimatèria per tal de poder existir.<sup id="cite_ref-fermilab_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fermilab-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="El_descobriment_de_la_massa_dels_neutrins">El descobriment de la massa dels neutrins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: El descobriment de la massa dels neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des dels primers experiments de neutrins, s'ha evidenciat que els fluxos de neutrins observats (procedents tant del Sol com de les capes altes de l'atmosfera) eren menors que els predits teòricament. Durant anys, tots els experiments duts a terme han confirmat aquest dèficit. Aquest fet va ser anomenat com "les anomalies de neutrins" (el problemes de neutrins solars i atmosfèrics, respectivament). Sols recentment, aquests problemes han estat finalment resolts. S'ha descobert que els neutrins oscil·len i que aquest fenomen és degut al fet que els neutrins tenen massa. </p><p>Segons resultats del Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN), a <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a>) el 2022, la massa del neutrí és inferior a 0,8 <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3-volt" title="Electró-volt">electró-volts</a>, és a dir més petita que 1,6 × 10<sup>–36</sup> kg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_anomalies_dels_neutrins">Les anomalies dels neutrins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Les anomalies dels neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="El_problema_dels_neutrins_solars">El problema dels neutrins solars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: El problema dels neutrins solars"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els neutrins solars són neutrins electrònics (que se simbolitzen per <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4fe16e29341b14991c3171e5f9ee7dd4a916f7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.147ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}"></span>), produïts en les reaccions termonuclears que generen l'energia solar. Per a calcular de manera precisa el flux i l'espectre d'energies dels neutrins solars, és necessari determinar els ritmes de producció de les diferents reaccions nuclears que tenen lloc al Sol. Per a açò, es requereix un coneixeiment detallat del Sol i la seua evolució. El <a href="/wiki/Model_solar_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Model solar estàndard">model solar estàndard</a>, definit per <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_N._Bahcall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John N. Bahcall (encara no existeix)">John N. Bahcall</a> i els seus col·laboradors, fa prediccions del flux de neutrins solars. Tanmateix, els experiments de neutrins solars realitzats (per exemple, Homestake, SAGE, GALLEX-GNO, Kamiokande, Super-Kamiokande i SNO) observaren un dèficit en el flux de neutrins solars respecte al predit pel model solar estàndard. Aquesta discrepància va denominar-se el <i>problema dels neutrins solars</i>, i pot resumir-se en dues frases: tots els experiments observen un dèficit (entre el 30 i el 60%) en el flux de neutrins electrònics solars respecte a les prediccions del model solar estàndard; aquest dèficit no és el mateix en tots els experiments, la qual cosa indica que l'efecte depèn de l'energia (ja que cada experiment era sensible als neutrins d'un determinat rang d'energia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="El_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics"><span id="El_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosf.C3.A8rics"></span>El problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: El problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els neutrins atmosfèrics es produeixen en les cascades hadròniques que s'inicien per les col·lisions dels <a href="/wiki/Raig_c%C3%B2smic" class="mw-redirect" title="Raig còsmic">raigs còsmics</a> amb les molècules d'aire de les capes més altes de l'atmosfera. Per a calcular els fluxos de neutrins atmosfèrics i la seua variació respecte a l'angle zenital, és necessari determinar el flux primari dels raigs còsmics i les interaccions hadròniques que aquest genera. Al llarg dels anys, la precisió d'aquestes prediccions teòriques ha millorat considerablement. Tanmateix, els experiments de neutrins atmosfèrics duts a terme (com Frejus, IMB, NUSEX i Kamiokande) observaren que el quocient dels fluxos de neutrins muònics i neutrins electrònics presentava una discrepància respecte a la predicció teòrica. Aquesta anomalia va estar denominada el <i>problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solució_a_les_anomalies_dels_neutrins"><span id="Soluci.C3.B3_a_les_anomalies_dels_neutrins"></span>Solució a les anomalies dels neutrins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Solució a les anomalies dels neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_solars"><span id="Soluci.C3.B3_al_problema_dels_neutrins_solars"></span>Solució al problema dels neutrins solars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Solució al problema dels neutrins solars"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Davant el problema dels neutrins solars, s'implementaren successives correccions al <a href="/wiki/Model_solar_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Model solar estàndard">model solar estàndard</a> per a millorar la precisió de les prediccions del flux de neutrins. Tanmateix, malgrat aquestes millores teòriques, les contradiccions amb les dades experimentals romangueren. L'única possibilitat per a solucionar el problema de neutrins solars era suposar "noves" propietats dels neutrins. Aquesta hipòtesi rebé finalment un sòlid suport gràcies a l'experiment SNO, el qual mostrà una clara evidència de canvi de sabor en el flux de neutrins solars, independentment del <a href="/wiki/Model_solar_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Model solar estàndard">model solar estàndard</a>. Així, establí que alguns dels neutrins canviaren el seu sabor inicial (sabor electrònic) a altres sabors (muònic o tauònic) durant el seu trajecte des del Sol fins a la Terra. Tanmateix, el mecanisme responsable d'aquesta conversió de sabor de neutrins romania encara desconegut. Una de les propostes per a explicar aquest canvi de sabor foren les <i>oscil·lacions de neutrins</i>, en el buit i en la matèria. Però les oscil·lacions de neutrins no eren l'únic possible mecanisme per a la conversió de sabor dels neutrins. Aquestes conversions també podien ser generades per, entre altres mecanismes, interaccions no estàndards dels neutrins amb la matèria, precessió d'espín-sabor, violació de la invariància de Lorentz o desintegracions de neutrins. Així, era impossible determinar l'origen físic de la conversió de sabor exclusivament amb les dades provinents dels experiments de neutrins solars. Aquesta situació fou finalment resolta per l'experiment de neutrins del reactor KamLAND. </p><p>L'experiment KamLAND és un experiment de neutrins de reactor, el qual detecta els antineutrins electrònics, simbolitzats per <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/572d127df4795701cee37524b3b168f9a5db99d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.315ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"></span>, que provenen de les centrals nuclears. La col·laboració KamLAND ha mesurat per primera vegada la desaparició de neutrins que es desplaçaven des del reactor nuclear fins al detector, la qual cosa ha confirmat el problema de neutrins solars amb neutrins creats a la Terra. A més, els resultats han confirmat que les oscil·lacions de neutrins són el principal mecanisme responsable del problema de neutrins solars, i s'han descartat totes les altres solucions proposades per explicar aquesta anomalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solució_al_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosfèrics"><span id="Soluci.C3.B3_al_problema_dels_neutrins_atmosf.C3.A8rics"></span>Solució al problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Solució al problema dels neutrins atmosfèrics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El 1998, l'experiment Super-Kamiokande obtingué evidències de conversió de neutrins a partir de l'observació de la dependència respecte de l'angle zenital de les dades de neutrins muònics atmosfèrics. Aquest efecte ha estat també confirmat per altres experiments de neutrins atmosfèrics, com, per exemple, MACRO i Soudan 2. El 2004, Super-Kamiokande reportà un mínim en la distribució L/E de la probabilitat de supervivència dels neutrins atmosfèrics <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1248e56ab9afef3b813281f8ccb90e113004b51e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.372ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}"></span>, la qual cosa significà una clara evidència que les conversions de neutrins eren realment degudes a oscil·lacions de neutrins. </p><p>L'experiment <i>KEK to Kamioka</i> (K2K) proporcionà la primera confirmació d'oscil·lacions en la mateixa regió de l'espai de paràmetres dels neutrins atmosfèrics, però amb neutrins creats per l'ésser humà en l'accelerador KEK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_oscil·lacions_de_neutrins"><span id="Les_oscil.C2.B7lacions_de_neutrins"></span>Les oscil·lacions de neutrins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Les oscil·lacions de neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els neutrins es produeixen pel corrent carregat de les interaccions febles i, per tant, com a estats propis de sabor: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }=\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>τ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }=\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2f23c6b12b4ca856bbf5bf3c6dc1127fda3e0b57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.349ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }=\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }}"></span>. Tanmateix, la matriu de massa dels neutrins en aquesta base de sabor no és, en general, diagonal. Açò significa que els estats propis de massa dels neutrins <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}=\nu _{1},\nu _{2},\nu _{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{i}=\nu _{1},\nu _{2},\nu _{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/290bf257a9196601a9f70a92bf5a9fdb76e36405" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.723ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}=\nu _{1},\nu _{2},\nu _{3}}"></span> són, en general, diferents dels estats propis de sabor. La matriu de mescla leptònica U relaciona els estats propis de sabor dels neutrins <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0fcda73833d4c708866b3d35b64e503e6b618807" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.433ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{\alpha }}"></span> que es produeixen o absorbeixen en les interaccions febles, amb els estats propis de massa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcb0577728049599bceabd5ed148f426e9d44308" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.948ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{i}}"></span>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |\nu _{\alpha }\rangle =\sum _{i}U_{\alpha i}^{*}|\nu _{i}\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msubsup> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |\nu _{\alpha }\rangle =\sum _{i}U_{\alpha i}^{*}|\nu _{i}\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c136ae75c4685fd069925c7162de25d2b5be0bfb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:17.763ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |\nu _{\alpha }\rangle =\sum _{i}U_{\alpha i}^{*}|\nu _{i}\rangle }"></span> </p><p>Les oscil·lacions de neutrins són un fenomen quàntic conseqüència de la mescla de neutrins. La idea de les oscil·lacions de neutrins es remunta a finals dels anys 50 del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, quan van ser discutides per primera vegada per Pontecorvo. La primera teoria d'oscil·lacions de dos neutrins fou desenvolupada per Gribov i Pontecorvo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Probabilitat_d'oscil·lació"><span id="Probabilitat_d.27oscil.C2.B7laci.C3.B3"></span>Probabilitat d'oscil·lació</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Probabilitat d'oscil·lació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'expressió per a la probabilitat d'oscil·lació en el buit d'un neutrí de sabor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b79333175c8b3f0840bfb4ec41b8072c83ea88d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.488ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha }"></span> a un altre sabor <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>β</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ed48a5e36207156fb792fa79d29925d2f7901e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta }"></span> ve donada per: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P(\nu _{\alpha }\to \nu _{\beta })=\delta _{\alpha \beta }-4\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}\sum _{j=i+1}^{n}\mathrm {Re} \left[U_{\alpha i}U_{\beta i}^{*}U_{\alpha j}^{*}U_{\beta j}\right]\sin ^{2}\left({\frac {\Delta m_{ij}^{2}L}{4E}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mn>4</mn> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P(\nu _{\alpha }\to \nu _{\beta })=\delta _{\alpha \beta }-4\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}\sum _{j=i+1}^{n}\mathrm {Re} \left[U_{\alpha i}U_{\beta i}^{*}U_{\alpha j}^{*}U_{\beta j}\right]\sin ^{2}\left({\frac {\Delta m_{ij}^{2}L}{4E}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f4e6c40ac79ceb3d82b0cc9e6846ca1443515b33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:66.356ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P(\nu _{\alpha }\to \nu _{\beta })=\delta _{\alpha \beta }-4\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}\sum _{j=i+1}^{n}\mathrm {Re} \left[U_{\alpha i}U_{\beta i}^{*}U_{\alpha j}^{*}U_{\beta j}\right]\sin ^{2}\left({\frac {\Delta m_{ij}^{2}L}{4E}}\right)}"></span> </p><p>en què <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}"></span> és l'energia del neutrí, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span> és la distància que el neutrí ha recorregut, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec9c45cc9356b19a15800bee11bd8cc4aad3ff0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.439ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"></span> és un element de la matriu de rotació entre els estats propis de sabor i els estats propis de massa, i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}=m_{i}^{2}-m_{j}^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}=m_{i}^{2}-m_{j}^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84ed9cdb29b22388bf91f4e90481a31a4494beae" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:17.582ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}=m_{i}^{2}-m_{j}^{2}}"></span> és la diferència de masses al quadrat dels neutrins. D'aquesta expressió, és clar que les dades de les oscil·lacions de neutrins proporcionen informació sobre les diferències de masses al quadrat dels neutrins i els angles de mescla dels neutrins (continguts en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec9c45cc9356b19a15800bee11bd8cc4aad3ff0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.439ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"></span>). Si el neutrí es propaga per un medi material dens en comptes del buit, l'efecte Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) canvia la fórmula anterior. Tanmateix, si considerem efectes de matèria, les oscil·lacions de neutrins també depenen dels paràmetres <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a19aa6e3d4f38f53148089ab2c135cd68c9c486f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:5.453ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{ij}^{2}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec9c45cc9356b19a15800bee11bd8cc4aad3ff0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.439ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U_{\alpha i}}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matriu_de_mescla">Matriu de mescla</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Matriu de mescla"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si sols hi ha tres estats propis de massa de neutrins, la matriu de mescla leptònica es pot parametritzar de manera estàndard com: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\begin{pmatrix}c_{12}c_{13}&s_{12}c_{13}&s_{13}e^{-i\delta }\\-s_{12}c_{23}-c_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{12}c_{23}-s_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&s_{23}c_{13}\\s_{12}s_{23}-c_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&-c_{12}s_{23}-s_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{23}c_{13}\end{pmatrix}}\times \;{\textrm {diag}}(e^{i\alpha _{1}/2},e^{i\alpha _{2}/2},1)\,,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>diag</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\begin{pmatrix}c_{12}c_{13}&s_{12}c_{13}&s_{13}e^{-i\delta }\\-s_{12}c_{23}-c_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{12}c_{23}-s_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&s_{23}c_{13}\\s_{12}s_{23}-c_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&-c_{12}s_{23}-s_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{23}c_{13}\end{pmatrix}}\times \;{\textrm {diag}}(e^{i\alpha _{1}/2},e^{i\alpha _{2}/2},1)\,,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/437cb481bd369ec214dc243bf5a07456c20d737f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:89.738ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\begin{pmatrix}c_{12}c_{13}&s_{12}c_{13}&s_{13}e^{-i\delta }\\-s_{12}c_{23}-c_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{12}c_{23}-s_{12}s_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&s_{23}c_{13}\\s_{12}s_{23}-c_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&-c_{12}s_{23}-s_{12}c_{23}s_{13}e^{i\delta }&c_{23}c_{13}\end{pmatrix}}\times \;{\textrm {diag}}(e^{i\alpha _{1}/2},e^{i\alpha _{2}/2},1)\,,}"></span> </p><p>en què <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{ij}\equiv \cos \theta _{ij}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{ij}\equiv \cos \theta _{ij}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca02dedac03d32e3a2df99f039f29d95f87747c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.648ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{ij}\equiv \cos \theta _{ij}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{ij}\equiv \sin \theta _{ij}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{ij}\equiv \sin \theta _{ij}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/292503df33dae8bc15b8689c4b518a2320ee2146" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.476ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{ij}\equiv \sin \theta _{ij}}"></span>, en què els tres <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta _{ij}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta _{ij}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dbf80ffab804fbd34dbc9408c16c973deb960a16" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.568ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta _{ij}}"></span> són els angles de mescla dels neutrins. Els paràmetres <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5d69430689b8aac2832684109cde587c4ae828d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aef5f08a56f51deb324e5eed2fb9b2e3c279889d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}"></span> són fases de violació de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle CP}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle CP}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a6c535579e4e0133868305a76308fec6e4a24ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.512ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle CP}"></span>. Les fases <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e5d69430689b8aac2832684109cde587c4ae828d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aef5f08a56f51deb324e5eed2fb9b2e3c279889d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{2}}"></span> s'anomenen <i>fases de Majorana</i> i sols tenen conseqüències físiques si els neutrins són partícules Majorana (és a dir, si són idèntics a les seues antipartícules). En aquest cas, estes fases influirien en la desintegració doble beta sense emissió de neutrins i altres processos. Tanmateix, les fases de Majorana no afecten les oscil·lacions de neutrins, independentment del fet que el neutrins siguen partícules Majorana o no. Els neutrins <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/91ba9b02669b6a4569a4b4bd2159ffa91f459fdd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.203ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/20157e640b69bcfc79a73194f1e80dbb456ab254" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.203ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{2}}"></span> són els membres del parell solar, amb <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{2}>m_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>></mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{2}>m_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d208f9c76ca3893500e92816be1f80b08fb440c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.288ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{2}>m_{1}}"></span>, i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu _{3}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu _{3}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/007020693008af9027645a30cc566e8f8e844795" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.203ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu _{3}}"></span> és el neutrí del parell atmosfèric, que pot ser més pesant o més lleuger que el parell solar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anàlisi_global_d'oscil·lacions_de_tres_sabors_de_neutrins"><span id="An.C3.A0lisi_global_d.27oscil.C2.B7lacions_de_tres_sabors_de_neutrins"></span>Anàlisi global d'oscil·lacions de tres sabors de neutrins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Anàlisi global d'oscil·lacions de tres sabors de neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ací es presenten els valors més recents de millor ajust i els rangs permesos per als paràmetres d'oscil·lació de tres sabors de neutrins, calculats a partir de totes les dades de neutrins disponibles.<sup id="cite_ref-Maltoni:2004ei_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maltoni:2004ei-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Valors de millor ajust:</li></ul> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=7.6\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=2.4\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=0.32\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=0.50\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}=0.007}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>7.6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.4</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.32</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.50</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.007</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=7.6\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=2.4\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=0.32\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=0.50\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}=0.007}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99ce47483854b5b0fce32b16ec88550c3f52c197" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:116.192ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=7.6\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=2.4\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=0.32\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=0.50\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}=0.007}"></span> </pre> <ul><li>Interval a 2<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }"></span>:</li></ul> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.3,\,8.1]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.1,\,2.7]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>7.3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>8.1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>2.1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>2.7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.3,\,8.1]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.1,\,2.7]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47b324245047dadf4c09f229b901ec6a44a9a15b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:65.489ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.3,\,8.1]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.1,\,2.7]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}"></span> </pre> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.28,\,0.37]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.38,\,0.63]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.033}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0.28</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>0.37</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0.38</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>0.63</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.033</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.28,\,0.37]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.38,\,0.63]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.033}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a5fb5ce3ddc548d2fd1f05de41598e81a1daf0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:70.482ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.28,\,0.37]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.38,\,0.63]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.033}"></span> </pre> <ul><li>Interval a 3<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }"></span>:</li></ul> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.1,\,8.3]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.0,\,2.8]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>7.1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>8.3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>2.0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>2.8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.1,\,8.3]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.0,\,2.8]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e6b3d2bfdbca7aba28943a9f2f03a90ca2a3ec7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:65.489ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta m_{21}^{2}=[7.1,\,8.3]\,\times 10^{-5}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}\,,\qquad \Delta m_{31}^{2}=[2.0,\,2.8]\,\times 10^{-3}\,{\textrm {eV}}^{2}}"></span> </pre> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.26,\,0.40]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.34,\,0.67]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.050}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0.26</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>0.40</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0.34</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>0.67</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="2em" /> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.050</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.26,\,0.40]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.34,\,0.67]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.050}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d308c4c8dbb02f8a2aa623cb25c36291984b2b51" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:70.482ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin ^{2}\theta _{12}=[0.26,\,0.40]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{23}=[0.34,\,0.67]\,,\qquad \sin ^{2}\theta _{13}\leq 0.050}"></span> </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'anomalia_de_la_velocitat_de_desplaçament_dels_neutrins"><span id="L.27anomalia_de_la_velocitat_de_despla.C3.A7ament_dels_neutrins"></span>L'anomalia de la velocitat de desplaçament dels neutrins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: L'anomalia de la velocitat de desplaçament dels neutrins"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El <a href="/wiki/23_de_setembre" title="23 de setembre">23 de setembre</a> del <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>, l'experiment <a href="/wiki/OPERA" title="OPERA">OPERA</a> anuncia la mesura del temps de vol dels neutrins, amb l'anòmal resultat que els neutrins es desplacen a una velocitat major que la de la llum.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El resultat de l'experiment indica que els neutrins que surten del <a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERN</a> arriben al detector al <a href="/wiki/Gran_Sasso" title="Gran Sasso">Gran Sasso</a> en un temps de: </p> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta t=60.7\pm 6.9\pm 7.4\,{\text{ns}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>60.7</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>6.9</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>7.4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ns</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta t=60.7\pm 6.9\pm 7.4\,{\text{ns}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/903bd2abfab56773ff1d6602f2e672f3c399ea34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:24.228ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta t=60.7\pm 6.9\pm 7.4\,{\text{ns}}}"></span> </pre> <p>Aquest temps correspon a una diferència relativa de la velocitat dels neutrins respecte de la velocitat de la llum de: </p> <pre><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {v-c}{c}}=(2.48\pm 0.28\pm 0.30)\times 10^{-5}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2.48</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.28</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.30</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {v-c}{c}}=(2.48\pm 0.28\pm 0.30)\times 10^{-5}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a30f0c8b722c7f70bfabf41940b07959a846b26" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:36.3ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {v-c}{c}}=(2.48\pm 0.28\pm 0.30)\times 10^{-5}}"></span> </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fermilab-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fermilab_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fermilab_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fermilab_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fermilab_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neutrinos.fnal.gov/whats-a-neutrino/">What’s a neutrino?</a>» (en anglès). <i>All Things Neutrino</i>.  <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a>. [Consulta: 24 setembre 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/neutrino">Neutrino</a>» (en anglès). <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.  Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. [Consulta: 24 setembre 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKlapdor-KleingrothausPäs2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Klapdor-Kleingrothaus</span>, Hans Volker; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Päs</span>, P. «The Quest for the Neutrino Mass Spectrum». <i>Comments on Modern Physics</i>, vol. 2, 7-2000, pàg. A69-A87.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maltoni:2004ei-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maltoni:2004ei_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Maltoni, T. Schwetz, M. A. Tortola and J. W. F. Valle, New J. Phys. <b>6</b> (2004) 122 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0405172">arXiv:hep-ph/0405172</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since de juliol 2024" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup>. A l'apèndix hi ha una actualització de 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.arxiv.org/abs/1109.4897">arXiv:1109.4897</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" since de juliol 2024" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD" title="Antineutrí">Antineutrí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lept%C3%B3" title="Leptó">Leptó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3" title="Fermió">Fermió</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Quark_amunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark amunt">u</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_avall" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark avall">d</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_encant" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark encant">c</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_estrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark estrany">s</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_cim" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark cim">t</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_fons" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark fons">b</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antiquark" title="Antiquark">Antiquarks</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antiquark_amunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark amunt"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">u</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_avall" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark avall"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">d</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_encant" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark encant"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">c</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_estrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark estrany"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">s</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_cim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark cim"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">t</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiquark_fons" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquark fons"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">b</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lept%C3%B3" title="Leptó">Leptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3" title="Electró">e<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%B3" title="Muó">μ<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauó">τ<sup>-</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ν</a> <b>(</b><a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí electrònic">ν<sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" title="Neutrí muònic">ν<sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrí tauònic">ν<sub>τ</sub></a><b>)</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Antilept%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Antileptó">Antileptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Positr%C3%B3" title="Positró">e<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antimu%C3%B3" title="Antimuó">μ<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antitau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitauó">τ<sup>+</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD" title="Antineutrí"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span></a> <b>(</b><a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí electrònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí muònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrí tauònic"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>τ</sub></a><b>)</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3" title="Bosó">Bosons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_gauge" title="Bosó de gauge">Gauge</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3" title="Fotó">γ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Glu%C3%B3" title="Gluó">g</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W">W<sup>±</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z">Z</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_E(38)" title="Bosó E(38)">E<sub>38</sub></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_escalar" title="Bosó escalar">Escalar</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_de_Higgs" title="Bosó de Higgs">H<sup>0</sup></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Camp_fantasma" title="Camp fantasma">Fantasmes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_hipot%C3%A8tica" title="Partícula hipotètica">Hipotètiques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Supercompany" title="Supercompany">Supercompanyes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Sfermi%C3%B3" title="Sfermió">Sfermions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Squark" title="Squark">Squarks</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Quark_samunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark samunt"><span style="font-size:120%;">u͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Quark_savall" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark savall"><span style="font-size:120%;">d͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_sencant" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sencant"><span style="font-size:120%;">c͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_sestrany" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sestrany"><span style="font-size:120%;">s͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_sim" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sim"><span style="font-size:120%;">t͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quark_sfons" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark sfons"><span style="font-size:120%;">b͂</span></a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Slept%C3%B3" title="Sleptó">Sleptons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Selectr%C3%B3_(part%C3%ADcula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selectró (partícula)"><span style="font-size:120%;">e͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Smu%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuó"><span style="font-size:120%;">μ͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stau%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Stauó"><span style="font-size:120%;">τ͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν͂</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_electr%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí electrònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν͂</span><sub>e</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_mu%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí muònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν͂</span><sub>μ</sub></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sneutr%C3%AD_tau%C3%B2nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneutrí tauònic"><span style="font-size:120%;">ν͂</span><sub>τ</sub></a>)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Gaug%C3%AD" title="Gaugí">Gaugins</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><small><a href="/wiki/Be%C3%AD" title="Beí"><span style="font-size:120%;">B͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%AD" title="Fotí"><span style="font-size:120%;">γ͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Glu%C3%AD" title="Gluí"><span style="font-size:120%;">g͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%AD" title="Gravití"><span style="font-size:120%;">G͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/We%C3%AD" title="Weí"><span style="font-size:120%;">W͂</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zet%C3%AD" title="Zetí"><span style="font-size:120%;">Z͂</span></a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%AD" title="Axí">Axí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carregu%C3%AD" title="Carreguí">Carreguí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Higgs%C3%AD" title="Higgsí">Higgsí</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neutral%C3%AD" title="Neutralí">Neutralí</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axi%C3%B3" title="Axió">A<sup>0</sup></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dilat%C3%B3" title="Dilató">D</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fermi%C3%B3_de_Majorana" title="Fermió de Majorana">Fermió de Majorana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3_magn%C3%A8tic" title="Fotó magnètic">Fotó magnètic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%B3" title="Gravitó">G</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gravifot%C3%B3" title="Gravifotó">Gravifotó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Inflat%C3%B3" title="Inflató">Inflató</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Leptoquark" title="Leptoquark">Leptoquark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Major%C3%B3" title="Majoró">J</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monopol_magn%C3%A8tic" title="Monopol magnètic">m</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%AD_est%C3%A8ril" title="Neutrí estèril">neutrí estèril</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%B3" title="Preó">Preó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Taqui%C3%B3" title="Taquió">Taquió</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó X">X</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Y">Y</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_W%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó W'">W'</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bos%C3%B3_Z%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosó Z'">Z'</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_composta" title="Partícula composta">Compostes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3" title="Hadró">Hadrons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3" title="Barió">Barions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%B3" title="Nucleó">Nucleons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3" title="Protó">p</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%B3" title="Neutró">n</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antiprot%C3%B3" title="Antiprotó"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">p</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antineutr%C3%B3" title="Antineutró"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">n</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hiper%C3%B3" title="Hiperó">Hiperons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3_Delta" title="Barió Delta">Δ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lambda_(bari%C3%B3)" title="Lambda (barió)">Λ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Sigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Sigma (encara no existeix)">Σ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Ksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Ksi (encara no existeix)">Ξ</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C3%B3_Omega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barió Omega (encara no existeix)">Ω</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3" title="Mesó">Mesons</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B3" title="Pió">Pió</a> (π)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_rho" title="Mesó rho">Mesó rho</a> (ρ)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mesons_eta_i_eta_prima" title="Mesons eta i eta prima">Mesons eta i eta prima</a> (η) i (η')<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_fi" title="Mesó fi">Mesó fi</a> (φ)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_omega" title="Mesó omega">Mesó omega</a> (ω)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_psi%C3%B3" title="Mesó psió">Mesó psió</a> (J/ψ)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_%C3%ADpsilon" title="Mesó ípsilon">Mesó ípsilon</a> (ϒ)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_theta" title="Mesó theta">Mesó theta</a> (θ)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mes%C3%B3_K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesó K (encara no existeix)">Mesó K</a> (K)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_B" title="Mesó B">Mesó B</a> (B)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_D" title="Mesó D">Mesó D</a> (D)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_T" title="Mesó T">Mesó T</a> (T)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Quarkonium" title="Quarkonium">Quarkonium</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nucli_at%C3%B2mic" title="Nucli atòmic">Nucli atòmic</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tom" title="Àtom">Àtom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diquark" title="Diquark">Diquark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tom_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Àtom exòtic">Àtom exòtic</a> <b>(</b> <a href="/wiki/Positroni" title="Positroni">Positroni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muoni" title="Muoni">Muoni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tautoni" title="Tautoni">Tautoni</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Oni_(part%C3%ADcula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oni (partícula)">Oni</a> <b>)</b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Super%C3%A0tom" title="Superàtom">Superàtoms</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A8cula" title="Molècula">Molècula</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_hipot%C3%A8tica" title="Partícula hipotètica">Hipotètiques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadr%C3%B3_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Hadró exòtic">Hadrons exòtics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bari%C3%B3_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Barió exòtic">Barions exòtics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dibari%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dibarió">Dibarió</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Skyrmi%C3%B3" title="Skyrmió">Skyrmió</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%B3_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Mesó exòtic">Mesons exòtics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bola_de_gluons" title="Bola de gluons">Bola de gluons</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A8cula_mes%C3%B2nica" title="Molècula mesònica">Molècula mesònica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pomer%C3%B3" title="Pomeró">Pomeró</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quasipart%C3%ADcula" title="Quasipartícula">Quasipartícules</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solit%C3%B3_de_Davydov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solitó de Davydov (encara no existeix)">Solitó de Davydov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Excit%C3%B3" title="Excitó">Excitó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hol%C3%B3" title="Holó">Holó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%B3" title="Magnó">Magnó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fon%C3%B3" title="Fonó">Fonó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmar%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmaró (encara no existeix)">Plasmaró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C3%B3" title="Plasmó">Plasmó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarit%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaritó (encara no existeix)">Polaritó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polar%C3%B3" title="Polaró">Polaró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rot%C3%B3" title="Rotó">Rotó</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri%C3%B3_(f%C3%ADsica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trió (física) (encara no existeix)">Trió</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descartades</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%B3" title="Partó">Partó</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llistes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Llista de partícules">Llista de partícules</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cronologia_de_la_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Cronologia de la física de partícules">Cronologia de la física de partícules</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Books">Llibres</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Particles_of_the_Standard_Model">Book:Particles of the Standard Model<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> </a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Hadronic_Matter">Book:Hadronic Matter</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Leptons">Book:Leptons</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/">Book:Quarks</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supernoves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Supernoves" title="Plantilla:Supernoves"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Supernoves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernoves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tipus</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_de_tipus_Ia" title="Supernova de tipus Ia">Tipus Ia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_de_tipus_Ib_i_Ic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova de tipus Ib i Ic (encara no existeix)">Tipus Ib i Ic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_de_tipus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova de tipus II (encara no existeix)">Tipus II (IIP, IIL, IIn, i IIb)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Supernova%26galaxia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Supernova%26galaxia.png/80px-Supernova%26galaxia.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Supernova%26galaxia.png/120px-Supernova%26galaxia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Supernova%26galaxia.png/160px-Supernova%26galaxia.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/80px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/120px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg/160px-G299-Remnants-SuperNova-Type1a-20150218.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="946" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Física</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_rica_en_calci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova rica en calci (encara no existeix)">Supernova rica en calci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Detonaci%C3%B3_de_carboni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detonació de carboni (encara no existeix)">Detonació de carboni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_de_parelles_d%27inestabilitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova de parelles d'inestabilitat (encara no existeix)">Supernova de parelles d'inestabilitat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relaci%C3%B3_de_Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relació de Phillips (encara no existeix)">Relació de Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucli_R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucli R (encara no existeix)">Nucli R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A9s_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procés P (encara no existeix)">Procés P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_R" title="Procés R">Procés R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleos%C3%ADntesi_de_les_supernoves" title="Nucleosíntesi de les supernoves">Nucleosíntesi de les supernoves</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neutrins de supernova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relacionats</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_impostora" title="Supernova impostora">Supernova impostora</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_de_parelles_d%27inestabilitat_plegacional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova de parelles d'inestabilitat plegacional (encara no existeix)">Supernova de parelles d'inestabilitat plegacional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foe" title="Foe">Foe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esclat_de_raigs_gamma" title="Esclat de raigs gamma">Esclat de raigs gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_fallida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova fallida (encara no existeix)">Supernova fallida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipernova" title="Hipernova">Hipernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilonova" title="Kilonova">Kilonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_simbi%C3%B2tica" title="Estrella simbiòtica">Estrella simbiòtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_lluminosa_vermella" title="Nova lluminosa vermella">Nova lluminosa vermella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_propera_a_la_Terra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova propera a la Terra (encara no existeix)">Supernova propera a la Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cops_de_p%C3%BAlsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cops de púlsar (encara no existeix)">Cops de púlsar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quark-nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quark-nova (encara no existeix)">Quark-nova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progenitores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estel_hipergegant" title="Estel hipergegant">Estel hipergegant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estel_hipergegant_groc" title="Estel hipergegant groc">Groc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_lluminosa_blava" title="Variable lluminosa blava">Variable lluminosa blava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_supergegant" title="Estrella supergegant">Estrella supergegant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supergegant_blava" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergegant blava">Blava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergegant_vermella" class="mw-redirect" title="Supergegant vermella">Vermella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supergegant_groga" title="Supergegant groga">Groga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_blanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Nan blanc">Nan blanc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Nan_blanc" title="Plantilla:Nan blanc">Enllaços relacionats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_de_Wolf-Rayet" title="Estrella de Wolf-Rayet">Estrella de Wolf-Rayet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanents</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanent_de_supernova" title="Romanent de supernova">Romanent de supernova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebulosa_de_vent_de_p%C3%BAlsar" title="Nebulosa de vent de púlsar">Nebulosa de vent de púlsar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_de_neutrons" title="Estrella de neutrons">Estrella de neutrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAlsar" title="Púlsar">Púlsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">Magnetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Estrella_de_neutrons" title="Plantilla:Estrella de neutrons">Enllaços relacionats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forat_negre_estel%C2%B7lar" title="Forat negre estel·lar">Forat negre estel·lar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Forats_negres" title="Plantilla:Forats negres">Enllaços relacionats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_compacta" title="Estrella compacta">Estrella compacta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estel_de_quarks" title="Estel de quarks">Estel de quarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estel_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Estel exòtic">Estel exòtic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estel_zombi" title="Estel zombi">Estel zombi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolla_local" title="Bombolla local">Bombolla local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbombolla" title="Superbombolla">Superbombolla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superbombolla_d%27Ori%C3%B3-Erid%C3%A0" title="Superbombolla d'Orió-Eridà">Orió-Eridà</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descoberta</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estel_convidat_(astronomia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estel convidat (astronomia) (encara no existeix)">Estel convidat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hist%C3%B2ria_de_l%27observaci%C3%B3_de_les_supernoves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Història de l'observació de les supernoves (encara no existeix)">Història de l'observació de les supernoves</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronologia_de_nanes_blanques,_estrelles_de_neutrons_i_supernoves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronologia de nanes blanques, estrelles de neutrons i supernoves (encara no existeix)">Cronologia de nanes blanques, estrelles de neutrons i supernoves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Llistes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_de_candidates_a_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista de candidates a supernova (encara no existeix)">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_de_supernoves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista de supernoves (encara no existeix)">Notables</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_de_les_estrelles_m%C3%A9s_massives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista de les estrelles més massives (encara no existeix)">Estrelles massives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llista_de_les_supernoves_m%C3%A9s_llunyanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llista de les supernoves més llunyanes (encara no existeix)">Més llunyanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_romanents_de_supernova" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista de romanents de supernova">Romanents</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernoves_en_la_ficci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernoves en la ficció (encara no existeix)">En la ficció</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notables</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anell_de_Barnard" title="Anell de Barnard">Anell de Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassiopeia_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassiopeia A (encara no existeix)">Cassiopeia A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">Cranc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebulosa_del_Cranc" title="Nebulosa del Cranc">Nebulosa del Cranc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTF14hls" title="IPTF14hls">iPTF14hls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">Tycho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1604" title="SN 1604">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1987A" title="SN 1987A">SN 1987A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_185" title="SN 185">SN 185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1006" title="SN 1006">SN 1006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2003fg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2003fg (encara no existeix)">SN 2003fg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G1.9%2B0.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G1.9+0.3 (encara no existeix)">Romanent G1.9+0.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2007bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2007bi (encara no existeix)">SN 2007bi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2011fe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2011fe (encara no existeix)">SN 2011fe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_2014J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 2014J (encara no existeix)">SN 2014J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_Refsdal" title="SN Refsdal">SN Refsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanent_de_supernova_Vela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanent de supernova Vela (encara no existeix)">Romanent de Vela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Sky_Automated_Survey_for_SuperNovae" title="All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae">ASAS-SN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cal%C3%A1n/Tololo_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calán/Tololo Survey (encara no existeix)">Calán/Tololo Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Z_Supernova_Search_Team" title="High-Z Supernova Search Team">High-Z Supernova Search Team</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katzman_Automatic_Imaging_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (encara no existeix)">Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Agliale_Supernovae_and_Asteroid_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey (encara no existeix)">Monte Agliale Supernovae and Asteroid Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nearby_Supernova_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nearby Supernova Factory (encara no existeix)">Nearby Supernova Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey#Sloan_Supernova_Survey" title="Sloan Digital Sky Survey">Sloan Supernova Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova/Acceleration_Probe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova/Acceleration Probe (encara no existeix)">Supernova/Acceleration Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_Cosmology_Project" title="Supernova Cosmology Project">Supernova Cosmology Project</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova Early Warning System (encara no existeix)">Supernova Early Warning System</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supernova_Legacy_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supernova Legacy Survey (encara no existeix)">Supernova Legacy Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Supernova_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Supernova Search (encara no 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