CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ff48ac24fcfc',cH: 'eN2VCRqU.Lp8N5k7_Su35LAMz1dB3cdvX9e37th7Fqk-1739787127-1.2.1.1-3_R_qgJFmSDlF4QH439KFxoG4mv2V8unmGL92duxN_6cg6L89PTgdLABLCL6hCXh',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=professionalization&__cf_chl_tk=MIslAhxKSYjM292LxsyX4bZ5tXLPCXAcOu4lYHS9qU8-1739787127-1.0.1.1-fO4g1A1HweyTgjdk3r7jEv1KKx8U0WASeTZx0VMkrLc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787127',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=professionalization&__cf_chl_f_tk=MIslAhxKSYjM292LxsyX4bZ5tXLPCXAcOu4lYHS9qU8-1739787127-1.0.1.1-fO4g1A1HweyTgjdk3r7jEv1KKx8U0WASeTZx0VMkrLc",md: "qL0VOnjGGtpA3YPm0U8iP.uJ0hpbrqG5nwGnqVxgqiw-1739787127-1.2.1.1-wHLo9dkWxNQc4DtYt2n.3cgvk_xi9TPXNJGnzQwKwY_hAJAm8daHDoEVhwLJiA7pNnciDd7Vuerrl0eMni12Ta85cfu1_s31dXonqAJwzJa925EfkY1Ddi.dUhAFT2pPXtxlu74MIJpNW0zFOqdR5edo5QqdiANEnNv9hoiA3rk96tXFPUovNeG4pIpxrfS._yyWNl2G.qqdWxU4XaDu.jHXTfCHcwJvJhYbYyAUudHre1vInQdL_E5bmTao_O.CxyCRPpe_AUk5S3N_gwm27qF8m5VmkiaDzrz2esArK_2FaJ4qgC9nWJA3nKPRQHqBBR9FpORwuN2fpmR0fmcRyal8ubwkLzpj8V4a_443STxPBP.BAUZ7mJqsEwXSOgnhv8g1hlQyzLkl43yAF5Bm6_MD2tfO05z2YctKffmfYArS.BRm3JOCfE8LZyn7F7V9gwlPznUKWMUMmbvZp.EVc70y7oiy3BvAcoS6ycWaKwVXh1.QrTVxac5CKEbD5zViTrO1dMSXSFr.tkgzddFWJW5TlOqfDbU2PKyclcx3Iz5fDjvU2GeMsi6DU5lISk62z7tV61fmTZpKA4817S6Xn6fs_UKakfEjkp84oc.8Zezc.YG9ZDwz.n_Caj2c2Iwnsc5L68heCf.8n.g867KITfQqHt_JYmnexKRs6M8Kok7dBIJl1tQkz9Oj31lLJYhh5gi9ikVsul61cC7U3YbErWuo6blYrS0G7cSrL7QzgbHn9o1HCTeLbcvfabTWXTfz5Ok7iVDZzRCi6ekHSRptnQcBQj5AG6pWzAbQuBJJNOTB2yS3fIifRrkup8462qIhi27Cgr21hv6fwG9YO583NeAD7azvPaXYRES8scnY6ekz_xVOK85Y29.Uj2T6selPuiovrC0UXud3V3jJ6JidlZL8XyDqkBhNHGOy6NYogYjLZPhADZGpe3PC8ktTu3FNc8xOc2RyZ6S36Up1eAyZX7H2oyVBr_Iyljq2JIUInADClTX1sUP5_B9TOrvsDj7wP4dU1LeiIj1e5KIP._kMjAO89gvklbz1vRe9SF.V73ulrw9Keutid_.ECVj_zxX3FWP08wl2Pbmpx5N8vJeFPJGSeFHLEJ6WaCfx6NmNgFu1PrIwPdMtqTNrq.rq1sVrNzrVngimIVvPdhs5mq70cWHVMzCxLBbt8l7zTChMQMKSRMl2PzZ.7FGVzhu840b13KL6G4HmYyytJT6rgdhreqrWpROv0eVpRrnfdyp0BmrOvyo0AOmOXDmMnP_jHQzRazmBtswYy71jVq4SnCemNMr5nQLU6tCsueLVOYpukcM0y.Yd0yIS.jaYGkzNjZDpKB3IxCwLuCjDV1RMT6dzwaGr44rJJgPoT8wXwgi9H7Y5ungSx1.99MAJpO8FX0rQ3EILwmgHlX0qzz7wGXYBbvGTezfWuN39zMNVahE3Zq0M3evZepfGuSDReWKk3Q8ziYiFZLwR0oSQPdwYA6XMDfs.c6FDW3In5gndIWmIVEj.HfvYbnUCxXEkU5.hijoiP.pnetO2DBZbFBTJTm6UOS6ZlwFeUL.wb7Rs9Ws5.G3HhC0pzNJIOUmRz5mDAwRB0mhUlBgCVg00nHGWOVXMwGuNHaGGBrh6IUXZbM4QvVxkyVvpa5MgH1fsEh9R8FLbuJEG2kD73xxhpQOJKBSGn5BQjVfuKT0Du5ZRoKWYbPfn7.HRre5dyCjUvXHPfToqivrEdVQO0y6myEc470zraZ3n0D_tGjKe7kJ6Z4WbA.g.DnyHiur688cmepq8EtNaUsHFfxiGT1ycqjiezju.gmUfk2UK.TUj7AuuP20wARO.pUG5HVmU3boi1Aj2bmBNWhMbN7XZuz_pBmjBMQeyCvTfA6RbSomT4y8EQb3hFYq8UijRHBPM9Dh51NoIih6v6mY.5zpA20.IOPjlTr3fn7J4vIbfNX2Hzm5J36EuHTo",mdrd: "xAGSdXwuoQXyQFeaW.10aB.TGXfZIHhfW.MUPNNBwvw-1739787127-1.2.1.1-K.TeeAKecL01Ne6ZR_uH1DxkexiKLlO4XYSy3R1SjqQ8cU4GEfVgjiAIzJpAiGRP7_FgbvUfgkKvIyv_WTeoQuX7xfa0vqalXJIl.2eTY7Yo_i7lv2bGvlKhWbyP.TUa6fUfCHUXqyvjhwRWXZNRQLBN3J_FUPWlHgZ4JQdzQzrXcQ_kse8PpGxK5YjmjknEiQsj56dv7v1euuQ6dOrr7C1VxnK84fp63El.Qf3C8Qpqknej3noMY9nCnqlQ8Y_lrBusZsGmId9ZU9w_L_y88uQThCJKBvqbZAZMrkOu3NkyvywhsUpitOB0dYK5G.yhRnm8O6WjPDBxwfwQgkHEe7eexELLlpByBiLH0H5eGYF80WxLk7j8ETxoS_ZnRwmrEy8LbQheGXcoOZWcs32dXl4Xpx.KKEdxiKMd58Z3OLSx4KDT4v_KEw2bBQUjtGAc.FiCM7qGD9Xu.pV5CeOO8R56nb4NrVXc9JyQoFC6mC0jijCGb11oMC5Ocp38jSYvFTeP0gW7syhEWVAf6T3DOh_1CyIdFN5Mm9czchLUu37fPL3yzKwtMh.iwTYANl7WN7oFxiG3P6g4hZBt_ut8RsE1tCND8aFV8hEIsDBd.N8iqVxtGwMmh85Mc3VjCQC59_7VXi9j3ZRw5RYdFYVh9d3vGTMmpk.kjkuEQwZQJTwsBDd7S8AdRPJfiSHYhbertmTY07YEYnCbGwFOStXwQ8AueWzlFz_.Aq4DhOByzBOfkjvkhOJ..WTiVsrQ4nKkgK4mg0N0YtVXHaQiBS9MqOdWVoXW4xR6PJRIEkaHI5UtgMWy7QtiRG6eJ.emajep.Xb.XicyXh5dvK6mUy0.kBeFBS9e6f6wJcdx.tyyPhvQmSrGbw.A9EfKAGVRiYkGThl1DvZ1rHpX1cBZvWA.m5pQYwzirFPdFDsBNmd6HZz2G2Xn8j3OBpvmOijB_PLEqGCnNggZBR56_mmjXiUPvOySOFwAShg_6wZAFgn9Mx5YSCd_bLowCRfuefXTFGcVUxZYHEhBR7Iyy_sWTfztQEgf_qDXfKY1.vet.Izi.xwvSbKlMJYS3tu254KHCr2pHqysYXt87AAEcIN7p02pSMxo.0lFAh1in3IhbYb.K5npzpufHvivdG42HJ3w9NtgNbqy66ajN2QMeco_AMCrCqnYmjKi6.k.pdfgp.si3D4l8TvorGh_c1STPkpIbLJoJkkJTThMBGxn17mqD2jUxfu3UEYuzX.nFyugbRa90YgkesENxJyCzrHscFYYIGDxKPrWCl4Tm5qEESuLF0rcY8i0m8co3lTUM4UBaeidaVkyQqFpBjHyf.W329b9Tkp5qvvuk6oRjtO6T71ZUwsAtvCv_FlSwPPu10_kIkvIDRDSQU.Dugf7TePFt9oZ4hakYYMFMdhET0XQD0gFaRdDu4eGy6jbzKJ7inyXUXCZFTQJRvpLLrcVhRzEHOKIJvfJkdPgZIs68iQDGIJIQuKx1nWYO8CwGtTJClk_4IFiuYekFEmKtiNOJBFptleGOti6e_lLaIRfSTcflLFmvjZxuO2_665J9J0NForrhIMzQmdk_J_EB5yLKjP_x7SyvqI6bwDizvkJMafcXvrT_Va7MOpdzI52vO0D3XcA6AfSwI7Kml_vxw1Befq6_1C2iR1V.XJjs_Ms.E.7oJH0DT5vDDBbsdpHjWEs_7AHRD66UJWO0IR7I4EOfFcZ9JI4jOekq0QLZJwfqVKxTDVUpQSfgmjcY.Iueqhe4g.AspsoOj18ZfeBGpN7utyBmcy600XD17JQWQGppzJxfcEyvLRMcly8uihjj.bn9a_CZk1cXHPLC7eAHqJgiDt_q8ZciBOM6AkGAC7.UCKb6cHzAeBTA91UXDCKMYEpQ0O0V5BhW_UFKvwvt7uTcC6OFp_xwlfxChfrxQJGmA1OIo.QKiBiBd.n5njdjSSCWBdZBZ36El2UAkRNAb03qr7O_A0_TM9UItPU9HJiTi07dQfBophuqQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ff48ac24fcfc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=professionalization&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MIslAhxKSYjM292LxsyX4bZ5tXLPCXAcOu4lYHS9qU8-1739787127-1.0.1.1-fO4g1A1HweyTgjdk3r7jEv1KKx8U0WASeTZx0VMkrLc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>