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id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Développement_lié" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Développement_lié"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Développement lié</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Développement_lié-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aéronefs_comparables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aéronefs_comparables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Aéronefs comparables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aéronefs_comparables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev Tu-4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 30 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolef_Tu-4" title="Toepolef Tu-4 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toepolef Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%88-4" title="توبوليف تو-4 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توبوليف تو-4" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Ту-4 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Ту-4 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew_Tu-4" title="Tupolew Tu-4 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tupolew Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev_Tu-4" title="Túpolev Tu-4 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Túpolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%88-%DB%B4" title="توپولف تو-۴ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توپولف تو-۴" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-4_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="Tu-4 (航空機) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Tu-4 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Ту-4 – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolev_Tu-4" title="Toepolev Tu-4 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toepolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-4" title="Tu-4 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Ту-4 – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-4" title="Tupoljev Tu-4 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tupoljev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Тупољев Ту-4 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тупољев Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9-4" title="ตูโปเลฟ ตู-4 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตูโปเลฟ ตู-4" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-4" title="Ту-4 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ту-4" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tupolev Tu-4" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96-4%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="圖-4轟炸機 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圖-4轟炸機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q616398#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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width:100%; border-spacing:0; background-color:#256A93; color:inherit;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:40px; color:#FFFFFF;"> Tupolev Tu-4 </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; width:40px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg/40px-Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg/60px-Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg/80px-Sukhoi_Su-27_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tu-4_Monino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vue de l'avion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu-4_Monino.jpg/280px-Tu-4_Monino.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu-4_Monino.jpg/420px-Tu-4_Monino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu-4_Monino.jpg/560px-Tu-4_Monino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> <br />Le seul exemplaire survivant en Russie exposé au <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_central_des_forces_a%C3%A9riennes_de_la_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie_de_Monino" title="Musée central des forces aériennes de la fédération de Russie de Monino">Musée central des forces aériennes de la fédération de Russie de Monino</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; color:inherit; background-color:#256A93;" /></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Constructeur_a%C3%A9ronautique" title="Catégorie:Constructeur aéronautique">Constructeur</a> </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(dark_version).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau : URSS"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%28dark_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rôle </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bombardement_strat%C3%A9gique" title="Bombardement stratégique">Bombardier stratégique</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Statut </th> <td>Retiré du service </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Premier_vol" title="Premier vol">Premier vol</a> </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1947-07-03" data-sort-value="1947-07-03"><a href="/wiki/3_juillet" title="3 juillet">3</a> <a href="/wiki/Juillet_1947" title="Juillet 1947">juillet</a> <a href="/wiki/1947_en_a%C3%A9ronautique" title="1947 en aéronautique">1947</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mise en service </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1949" data-sort-value="1949"><a href="/wiki/1949_en_a%C3%A9ronautique" title="1949 en aéronautique">1949</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#256A93; color:#FFFFFF">Équipage</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>9 à 10</i></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#256A93; color:#FFFFFF">Motorisation</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Moteur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chvetsov_ACh-73" title="Chvetsov ACh-73">Chvetsov ACh-73TK</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre </th> <td>4 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Puissance unitaire </th> <td>2 400 ch </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#256A93; color:#FFFFFF">Dimensions</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Envergure" title="Envergure">Envergure</a> </th> <td>43,08 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Longueur </th> <td>30,19 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#256A93; color:#FFFFFF">Performances</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Vitesse de croisière </th> <td><span title="150,555 676 m/s" style="cursor:help">542</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre par heure">km/h</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Vitesse maximale </th> <td><span title="155,000 124 m/s" style="cursor:help">558</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre par heure">km/h</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plafond_(a%C3%A9ronautique)" title="Plafond (aéronautique)">Plafond</a> </th> <td>11 200 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rayon d'action </th> <td>5 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#256A93; color:#FFFFFF">Armement</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Interne </th> <td>5 tourelles de 2 canons <a href="/wiki/Nudelman-Suranov_NS-23" title="Nudelman-Suranov NS-23">Nudelman-Suranov NS-23</a> de 23 mm </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Externe </th> <td>Capacité d'emport de bombes de 10 000 kg </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #256A93 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Avion_militaire" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>Tupolev Tu-4</b> (désignation <a href="/wiki/Organisation_du_trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_nord" title="Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord">OTAN</a> <i>Bull</i>) est un bombardier longue distance <a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> construit juste après la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tupolev_Tu-4_(10422400595).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%2810422400595%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Le premier projet d'AWACS chinois, nommée KJ-1, basé sur un Tu-4 dans un musée.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cet appareil est une copie du <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a> américain, réalisée par <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9troing%C3%A9nierie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rétroingénierie">rétro-ingénierie</a> de trois exemplaires de cet avion, capturés en 1944<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> après un atterrissage forcé en <a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a> et <a href="/wiki/Renseignement" title="Renseignement">espionnage</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après un premier vol fin <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>, le Tu-4 fut officiellement présenté lors d'un défilé aérien le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1947-08-03" data-sort-value="1947-08-03">3 août 1947</time> et mis en service en <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> au sein de l'<a href="/wiki/Aviation_%C3%A0_long_rayon_d%27action" title="Aviation à long rayon d'action">aviation à long rayon d'action</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Tupolev_Tu-4_(8912148855).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-4_%288912148855%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Tupolev Tu-4 (8912148855)</figcaption></figure> <p>L'apparition du Tu-4, coïncidant aux premiers tests de <a href="/wiki/Bombe_A" title="Bombe A">l'arme atomique</a> par l'<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a>, causa de grosses frayeurs aux Américains : ces bombardiers étaient en effet les premiers à pouvoir atteindre de grandes villes des États-Unis, comme <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> ou <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> avec leurs bombes, même s'ils n'avaient pas l'autonomie suffisante pour le trajet retour<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces bombardiers n'ont jamais effectué de missions de combat mais ont participé à des manœuvres avec usage d'armes nucléaires réelles, telles que l'<a href="/wiki/Exercice_nucl%C3%A9aire_de_Totsko%C3%AFe" title="Exercice nucléaire de Totskoïe">exercice nucléaire de Totskoïe</a> en 1954<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg/220px-WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg/330px-WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg/440px-WuZhen-5_under_the_wing_of_an_aircraft_carrier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>WuZhen-5 (petit avion de reconnaissance chinois fixé à droite sous l'aile d'un transporteur) Tu-4 , semblable au <a href="/wiki/Projet_Zveno" title="Projet Zveno">projet Zveno</a> en U.R.S.S.</figcaption></figure><p>. </p><p>Le Tu-4 a été construit à environ 1 200 exemplaires<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont une douzaine furent donnés (ou vendus ?) à la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a>. Les Tu-4 russes furent convertis en avions de transport à la fin des années 1950 et retirés définitivement du service au début des années 1960. Des Tu-4 de la <a href="/wiki/Force_a%C3%A9rienne_chinoise" title="Force aérienne chinoise">force aérienne chinoise</a> ont volé jusqu'aux années 1980. </p><p>Trois exemplaires sont exposés dans des musées au début du <a href="/wiki/21e_si%C3%A8cle" class="mw-redirect" title="21e siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">21</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, un au <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_central_des_forces_a%C3%A9riennes_de_la_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie_de_Monino" title="Musée central des forces aériennes de la fédération de Russie de Monino">Musée central des forces aériennes de la fédération de Russie de Monino</a> et deux en Chine. </p><p>Une légende rapporte que les ingénieurs soviétiques ayant copié le B-29 ont reproduit l'avion de manière tellement fidèle qu'ils ont même copié un orifice qu'ils pensaient utile dans la carlingue alors qu'il s'agissait en réalité d'un impact de balle, qu'on a donc pu retrouver sur tous les exemplaires du TU-4. Il convient également de noter que les Soviétiques ont choisi de modifier l'épaisseur de la peau en <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> de l'avion, qui en a amélioré sa résistance structurelle dans certains domaines<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Annexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tupolev_Tu-4?uselang=fr">Tupolev Tu-4</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> The World Encyclopedia of Fighters & Bombers: An Illustrated History of The World's Greatest Military Aircraft( ) 16 juin 2010 de Francis Crosby (Auteur). P.309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">en raison de la neutralité des Soviétiques, conformément au <a href="/wiki/Pacte_nippo-sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Pacte nippo-soviétique">pacte nippo-soviétique</a> du 13 avril 1941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le NKVD a acquis deux valises pleines de plans et de manuels d'un employé de Boeing aux États-Unis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/0609bomber/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Carbon Copy Bomber - Air & Space Forces Magazine</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Air & Space Forces Magazine</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-29" data-sort-value="2023-04-29">29 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maquette72.free.fr/amis/BLGenno/2018_001_tb3/index_ablg001.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">TB-3 34 RN en version Zveno</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">maquette72.free.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-29" data-sort-value="2023-04-29">29 avril 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">847 exemplaires, selon wiki en anglais</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ingesson2022"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tony_Ingesson2022"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tony <span class="nom_auteur">Ingesson</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Innovators, Copycats, or Pragmatists? Soviet Industrial Espionage and Innovation in the Military Aerospace Sector during the Cold War</cite>, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-08-30" data-sort-value="2022-08-30">30 aout 2022</time>, 42 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2109081?">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 13<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Innovators%2C+Copycats%2C+or+Pragmatists%3F+Soviet%0AIndustrial+Espionage+and+Innovation+in+the+Military+Aerospace+Sector+during+the+Cold+War&rft.pub=International+Journal+of+Intelligence+and+CounterIntelligence&rft.aulast=Ingesson&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft.pages=13&rft.tpages=42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-4"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bowers, Peter M. <i>Boeing B-29 Superfortress</i>. Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 1999. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-933424-79-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-933424-79-5"><span class="nowrap">0-933424-79-5</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Duffy, Paul and A. I. Kandalov. <i>Tupolev: The Man and his Aircraft</i>. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE, 1996. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-56091-899-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-56091-899-3"><span class="nowrap">1-56091-899-3</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and Vladimir Rigmant. <i>Tupolev Tu-4: Soviet Superfortress</i>. Hinckley, Leicestershire: Midland Counties Publications Ltd., 2002. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-85780-142-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-85780-142-3"><span class="nowrap">1-85780-142-3</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Hess, William N. <i>Great American Bombers of WW II</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1999. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7603-0650-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7603-0650-8"><span class="nowrap">0-7603-0650-8</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Nowicki, Jacek. <i>B-29 Superfortress</i>. Gdansk, Poland: AJ Press, 1994. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-83-86208-09-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-83-86208-09-8"><span class="nowrap">978-83-86208-09-8</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Pace, Steve. <i>Boeing B-29 Superfortress</i>. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2003. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-86126-581-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-86126-581-6"><span class="nowrap">1-86126-581-6</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li>Rigmant, Vladimir. <i>B-29, Tу-4 - стратегические близнецы - как это было (Авиация и космонавтика 17 (Крылья 4))</i> (in Russian). Moscow, Russia, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Développement_lié"><span id="D.C3.A9veloppement_li.C3.A9"></span>Développement lié</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tupolev Tu-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tupolev Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tupolev Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tupolev Tu-85</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aéronefs_comparables"><span id="A.C3.A9ronefs_comparables"></span>Aéronefs comparables</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">Avro Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-32_Dominator" title="Consolidated B-32 Dominator">Consolidated B-32 Dominator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_264" title="Messerschmitt Me 264">Messerschmitt Me 264</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_avions_bombardiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des avions bombardiers">Liste des avions bombardiers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_des_avions_militaires_de_l%27Union_Sovi%C3%A9tique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste des avions militaires de l'Union Soviétique (page inexistante)">Liste des avions militaires de l'Union Soviétique</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_Soviet_Union_and_the_CIS" class="extiw" title="en:List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-70_(OTAN_:_Cart)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-70 (OTAN : Cart) (page inexistante)">Tupolev Tu-70 (OTAN : Cart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tupolev Tu-75</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b29_29.html"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Le Tupolev Tu-4 sur le site de Joseph F. Baugher</cite></a> »<sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b29_29.html">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b29_29.html">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b29_29.html">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl=fr&q=cache:http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/b29_29.html">Google</a> • <a href="/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes#J'ai_trouvé_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>)</sup></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-08-29" data-sort-value="2017-08-29">29 août 2017</time>)</small></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotcars.com/tupolev-tu-4-russia-copied-boeing-b-29-superfortress">/The Tupolev Tu-4: How Russia Copied The Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Avions_Tupolev" title="Modèle:Palette Avions Tupolev"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Avions_Tupolev&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Avions <a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Civils</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tu-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Militaires</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20/Tu-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M/Tu-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-128" title="Tupolev Tu-128">Tu-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Sans pilote/<a href="/wiki/Drone" title="Drone">Drone</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-121" title="Tupolev Tu-121">Tu-121C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-141" title="Tupolev Tu-141">Tu-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-243" title="Tupolev Tu-243">Tu-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-300" title="Tupolev Tu-300">Tu-300</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Expérimentaux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tu-70</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-73" title="Tupolev Tu-73">Tu-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-74" title="Tupolev Tu-74">Tu-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">Tu-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-91" title="Tupolev Tu-91">Tu-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-93 (page inexistante)">Tu-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-96" title="Tupolev Tu-96">Tu-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-102" title="Tupolev Tu-102">Tu-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-107 (page inexistante)">Tu-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-125&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-125 (page inexistante)">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-216</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Proposés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">PAK DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-244" title="Tupolev Tu-244">Tu-244</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-330 (page inexistante)">Tu-330</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-324&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-324 (page inexistante)">Tu-324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-324&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-324 (page inexistante)">Tu-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-444" title="Tupolev Tu-444">Tu-444</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-2000 (page inexistante)">Tu-2000</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Historiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-1" title="Tupolev ANT-1">ANT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-2 (page inexistante)">ANT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-3 (page inexistante)">ANT-3/R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">ANT-4/TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-5" title="Tupolev ANT-5">ANT-5/I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-3" title="Tupolev TB-3">ANT-6/TB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_R-6" title="Tupolev R-6">ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-8 (page inexistante)">ANT-8/MDR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">ANT-9/PS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-10 (page inexistante)">ANT-10/R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-11/MTBT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-11/MTBT (page inexistante)">Tupolev ANT-11/MTBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">ANT-12/I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-13 (page inexistante)">ANT-13/I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-14" title="Tupolev ANT-14">ANT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-16 (page inexistante)">ANT-16/TB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-17/TSh-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-17/TSh-1 (page inexistante)">Tupolev ANT-17/TSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20_%C2%AB_Maxime_Gorki_%C2%BB" title="Tupolev ANT-20 « Maxime Gorki »">ANT-20/PS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-21 (page inexistante)">ANT-21/MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-22 (page inexistante)">ANT-22/MK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-23 (page inexistante)">ANT-23/I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25/RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/ANT-28/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_MTB-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev MTB-1 (page inexistante)">ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-29 (page inexistante)">ANT-29/DIP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-14" title="Tupolev I-14">ANT-31/I-14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-35 (page inexistante)">ANT-35/PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-36 (page inexistante)">ANT-36/DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-37 (page inexistante)">ANT-37/DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-41/T-1/LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petlyakov_Pe-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petlyakov Pe-8 (page inexistante)">ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-43 (page inexistante)">ANT-43</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_MTB-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev MTB-2 (page inexistante)">ANT-44/MTB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-46/DI-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukho%C3%AF_Su-2" title="Soukhoï Su-2">ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">ANT-58/FB/Tu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:A%C3%A9ronautique" title="Portail de l’aéronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Avion_silhouette.svg/22px-Avion_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Avion_silhouette.svg/33px-Avion_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Avion_silhouette.svg/45px-Avion_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:A%C3%A9ronautique" title="Portail:Aéronautique">Portail de l’aéronautique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:URSS" title="Portail de l’URSS"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/66px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/88px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:URSS" title="Portail:URSS">Portail de l’URSS</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Guerre_froide" title="Portail de la guerre froide"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/35px-Coldwar.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/53px-Coldwar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coldwar.png/71px-Coldwar.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="686" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Guerre_froide" title="Portail:Guerre froide">Portail de la guerre froide</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&oldid=220178076">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-4&oldid=220178076</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Bombardier_strat%C3%A9gique" title="Catégorie:Bombardier stratégique">Bombardier stratégique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Avion_militaire_sovi%C3%A9tique_ou_russe" title="Catégorie:Avion militaire soviétique ou russe">Avion militaire soviétique ou russe</a></li><li><a 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