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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-毗邻州" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毗邻州"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>毗邻州</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-毗邻州-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-山峦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#山峦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>山峦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-山峦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>水域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-立法机构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#立法机构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>立法机构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-立法机构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-执法机构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#执法机构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>执法机构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-执法机构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-权力机关" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#权力机关"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>权力机关</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-权力机关-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945年以来的州长" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945年以来的州长"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1945年以来的州长</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945年以来的州长-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纹章和旗帜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纹章和旗帜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>纹章和旗帜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-纹章和旗帜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-居民" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#居民"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>居民</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-居民-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>行政</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-行政-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关行政子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-行政-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-行政区域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>行政区域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自立市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自立市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>自立市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自立市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-县" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#县"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>县</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-县-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">黑森</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。157种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%84%E1%88%A0" title="ሄሠ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሄሠ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetwaraland" title="Hetwaraland – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hetwaraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هسن – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="هيسين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيسين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen_suyu" title="Hessen suyu – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Hessen suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هسن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هسن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Һессен – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һессен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessn" title="Hessn – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hessn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Гесэн – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гесэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Гэсэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэсэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хесен – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хесен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="হেসেন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হেসেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen_(estado_pederal_sa_Alemanya)" title="Hessen (estado pederal sa Alemanya) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hessen (estado pederal sa Alemanya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ھێسن – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesensko" title="Hesensko – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hesensko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse%C5%84ska" title="Hesseńska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Hesseńska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Έσση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έσση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Àsia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesio" title="Hesio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hesio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هسن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هسن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse_(Land)" title="Hesse (Land) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hesse (Land)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8ssa_(Land)" title="Hèssa (Land) – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Hèssa (Land)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assie" title="Assie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Assie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="הסן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87" title="हेसे – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेसे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessenska" title="Hessenska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hessenska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Հեսսեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեսսեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesia" title="Hesia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hesia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ヘッセン州 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘッセン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰესენი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰესენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%84%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="헤센주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤센주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassia" title="Hassia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hassia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ss%C9%9Bn%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Héssɛnɛ́ – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Héssɛnɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesenas" title="Hesenas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hesenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesene" title="Hesene – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hesene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хесен – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хесен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хессен – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хессен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="हेसेन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेसेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هسن – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هسن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="हेस्न् – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हेस्न्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesia" title="Hesia – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Hesia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ssa" title="Èssa – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èssa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈੱਸਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈੱਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesja" title="Hesja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hesja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assia" title="Assia – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Assia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%92" title="ہیسے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیسے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="هسن – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هسن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessa" title="Hessa – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hessa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ssia" title="Àssia – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Àssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ھيسن – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھيسن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesensko" title="Hesensko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hesensko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesia" title="Hesia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hesia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хесен – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хесен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹெஸென் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹெஸென்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ҳессен – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳессен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐเฮ็สเซิน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเฮ็สเซิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гессен – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гессен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%92" title="ہیسے – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیسے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Asia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes%C3%A4n" title="Hesän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hesän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="黑森 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黑森" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A2" title="העסע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העסע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hesse" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE" title="黑森 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黑森" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hessen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%87%8A" title="希燊 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希燊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="黑森州">黑森州</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年9月4日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">"黑森"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-4d92ddad" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="DE Places"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:联邦州;zh-tw:邦"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:莱茵;zh-hant:萊茵"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:达姆施塔特;zh-hant:達姆城"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:黑森州; zh-tw:黑森邦;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:州; zh-hant:邦"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:威茲拉爾; zh-cn:韦茨拉尔;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:吉森;zh-hant:基森;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:吕塞尔斯海姆;zh-hant:律瑟斯翰;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:巴特洪堡;zh-hant:霍姆堡溫泉鎮;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="黑森林">黑森林</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">黑森</span><br /><span class="nickname" lang="de"><span lang="de">Hessen</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="联邦州 (德国)">联邦州</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="黑森旗幟"><img alt="黑森旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/120px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/180px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/240px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E9%82%A6%E6%97%97" title="黑森邦旗">旗幟</a></small></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="黑森徽章"><img alt="黑森徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="617" /></a></span><br /><small>徽章</small></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/155px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/233px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg/310px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Hessen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&params=50.60803_N_9.02847_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">50°36′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°01′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">50.60803°N 9.02847°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.60803; 9.02847</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB" title="威斯巴登">威斯巴登</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 州长</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8F%B2%E8%80%B6" title="福尔克·布菲耶">福尔克·布菲耶</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">CDU</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 执政党</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">CDU</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%BF%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="德国绿党">绿党</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="德国联邦参议院">参议院票数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5票（共69票）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <span class="nowrap">总计</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">21,100 平方公里（8,100 平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">（2022-12-31）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 總計</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6,391,360人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">303人/平方公里（785人/平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">CET</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲中部夏季時間">CEST</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="">DE-HE</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP/名义</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">€2356.85亿（2013年<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">人均GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">€39,021（2013年）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">NUTS区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">DE7</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hessen.de/">www.hessen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>黑森</b>（德語：<span lang="de">Hessen</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>的一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="联邦州 (德国)">联邦州</a>，首府為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB" title="威斯巴登">威斯巴登</a>，州内第一大城市為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福">法兰克福</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>詳見<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="黑森大公國">黑森大公國</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E9%A8%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="拿騷公國">拿騷公國</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="毗邻州"><span id=".E6.AF.97.E9.82.BB.E5.B7.9E"></span>毗邻州</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：毗邻州"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森州与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5-%E8%A5%BF%E7%99%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="北萊茵-西發里亞邦">北萊茵-西發里亞邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="下萨克森州">下萨克森州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="图林根州">图林根州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伐利亚州">巴伐利亚州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴登-符腾堡州">巴登-符腾堡州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E5%85%B0-%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="莱茵兰-普法尔茨州">莱茵兰-普法尔茨州</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="城市"><span id=".E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>城市</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森州最大的城市（以人口计算）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福">法兰克福</a>，其后是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB" title="威斯巴登">威斯巴登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="卡塞尔">卡塞尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="达姆施塔特">达姆施塔特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%A5%A5%E8%8A%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="美茵河畔奥芬巴赫">美茵河畔奥芬巴赫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%91%99" title="哈瑙">哈瑙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="马尔堡 (德国)">马尔堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%A3%AE" title="吉森">吉森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE" title="富尔达">富尔达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="吕塞尔斯海姆">吕塞尔斯海姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E8%8C%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="韦茨拉尔">韦茨拉尔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="巴特洪堡">巴特洪堡</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="山峦"><span id=".E5.B1.B1.E5.B3.A6"></span>山峦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：山峦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森州的风景由不计其数的中等高等的山峦组成。其中以高度排列是<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="倫山">倫山</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="陶努斯山">陶努斯山</a>（Taunus），<a href="/w/index.php?title=Upland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upland（页面不存在）">Upland</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福格尔斯贝格山（页面不存在）">福格尔斯贝格山</a>（Vogelsberg），<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoher_Mei%C3%9Fner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoher Meißner（页面不存在）">Hoher Meißner</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kellerwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kellerwald（页面不存在）">Kellerwald</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%B1" title="韋斯特林山">韋斯特林山</a>（Westerwald），<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaufunger_Wald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaufunger Wald（页面不存在）">Kaufunger Wald</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kn%C3%BCllgebirge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knüllgebirge（页面不存在）">Knüllgebirge</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Habichtswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habichtswald（页面不存在）">Habichtswald</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="奥登瓦尔德山">奥登瓦尔德山</a>（Odenwald），<a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B6lzinger_Gebirge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stölzinger Gebirge（页面不存在）">Stölzinger Gebirge</a>，<a href="/wiki/Spessart" class="mw-redirect" title="Spessart">Spessart</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Schlierbachswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schlierbachswald（页面不存在）">Schlierbachswald</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seulingswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seulingswald（页面不存在）">Seulingswald</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhardswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhardswald（页面不存在）">Reinhardswald</a>。黑森州最高点在倫山的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasserkuppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasserkuppe（页面不存在）">Wasserkuppe</a>（950.2米）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水域"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.9F.9F"></span>水域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：水域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下列河流部分或者全部流经黑森州境内。其中<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>在黑森州西南部作为与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E5%85%B0-%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8" title="莱茵兰-普法尔茨">莱茵兰-普法尔茨</a>州的州界，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3" title="内卡河">内卡河</a>在南部也利用其中一个河段构成了与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" title="巴登-符腾堡">巴登-符腾堡</a>州的界限。其他如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維拉河（页面不存在）">維拉河</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%81%94%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="福達河">福達河</a>在东部以及北黑森形成了与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9" title="图林根">图林根</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="下萨克森">下萨克森</a>天然的政治地理分界。在黑森州内最长的以及最出名的河流如下： </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hesse_location_map_G.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hesse_location_map_G.svg/300px-Hesse_location_map_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hesse_location_map_G.svg/450px-Hesse_location_map_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hesse_location_map_G.svg/600px-Hesse_location_map_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>黑森州境内的河流</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>（1.320 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="美茵河">美茵河</a>（524 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%82%89%E6%B2%B3" title="威悉河">威悉河</a>（440 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3" title="内卡河">内卡河</a>（367 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維拉河（页面不存在）">維拉河</a>（298 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="兰河 (德国)">兰河</a>（242 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%81%94%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="福達河">福達河</a>（218 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="埃德爾河">埃德尔河</a>（Eder，177 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diemel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diemel（页面不存在）">Diemel</a>（110 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schwalm_(Fluss_in_Hessen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwalm (Fluss in Hessen)（页面不存在）">Schwalm</a>（97 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E9%81%94%E6%B2%B3" title="尼達河">尼达河</a>（Nidda，90 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinzig（页面不存在）">Kinzig</a>（86 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nidder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nidder（页面不存在）">Nidder</a>（69 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wetter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wetter（页面不存在）">Wetter</a>（69 km）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haune（页面不存在）">Haune</a>（64 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohm">Ohm</a>（59 km）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="迪爾河">迪尔河</a>（Dill，55 km）</li></ul> <p>黑森州没有规模較大的天然湖。最大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="储水湖">储水湖</a>是北黑森州的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B9%96" title="埃德湖">埃德湖</a>（Edersee）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森按照<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="德国基本法">德国基本法</a>属于德国联邦之一。该州奉行民主和议会制联邦制度。此外，黑森以和平，自由和人民团结为目标，非常反战。 </p><p>在2003年2月2日的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="州议会选举（页面不存在）">州议会选举</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">德国基督教民主联盟</a>第一次在黑森州中取得了绝对多数（56席）。下一届州议会选举則在2008年春季举行。 </p><p>黑森宪法的一个特别之处在于依然存在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>。该条款位于《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森州宪法（页面不存在）">黑森州宪法</a>》21章第一条第二款，然因与联邦宪法《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="德国基本法">德国基本法</a>》之第102条的废除死刑条款相抵触而无效。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="立法机构"><span id=".E7.AB.8B.E6.B3.95.E6.9C.BA.E6.9E.84"></span>立法机构</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：立法机构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>只要人民不通过公决否定州议会的决定，那么州议会就是唯一的立法机构。同时州议会由该州人民选举产生。被动式选举权利由每位拥有自主投票能力以及年满21周岁的公民获得。所有党派只要得到超过百分之五的选票就可以派代表进入议会。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="执法机构"><span id=".E6.89.A7.E6.B3.95.E6.9C.BA.E6.9E.84"></span>执法机构</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：执法机构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>执法机构由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森州政府（页面不存在）">黑森州政府</a>和下设的州管理部门组成。州政府由州长和<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="部长">部长</a>组成。邦部长主席根据政府法案产生对议会负责。在该法案中还规定，每位部长可以完全独立管理自己的部门，直接对邦议会负责。同时对外，州长代表黑森州。 </p><p>州议会必须通过超过半数法定成员的选票来确立州部长會議主席。然后由州长任命部长。一个特殊之处在于，到1918年，在德国或者其他国家或者德国其他州担任过政府要员的人都无法获得被选举资格。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="权力机关"><span id=".E6.9D.83.E5.8A.9B.E6.9C.BA.E5.85.B3"></span>权力机关</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：权力机关"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>权力机关由黑森州<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="憲法法院">宪法法院</a>以及其他州内法院构成。州最高法院由11名成员组成，其中有5名法官和6位由州议院根据基本法所推荐的成员，这些成员不一定需要是州议会成员。州最高法院判决关于涉及宪法的案件，如对基本法的损害，选举结果的干扰或者是对宪法有分歧的其他情况。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945年以来的州长"><span id="1945.E5.B9.B4.E4.BB.A5.E6.9D.A5.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.9E.E9.95.BF"></span>1945年以来的州长</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：1945年以来的州长"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>10月16日1945年 - 1946年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Geiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Geiler（页面不存在）">Karl Geiler</a>（<i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F-Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Groß-Hessen">Groß-Hessen</a></i>）</li> <li>12月20日1946年 - 1950年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Stock（页面不存在）">Christian Stock</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">社民党</a></li> <li>12月14日1950年 - 1969年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_August_Zinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg August Zinn（页面不存在）">Georg August Zinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">社民党</a></li> <li>10月3日1969年 - 1976年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Osswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Osswald（页面不存在）">Albert Osswald</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">社民党</a></li> <li>12月12日1976年 - 1987年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Holger_B%C3%B6rner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holger Börner（页面不存在）">Holger Börner</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">社民党</a></li> <li>4月23日1987年 - 1991年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wallmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Wallmann（页面不存在）">Walter Wallmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">基民盟</a></li> <li>4月5日1991年 - 1999年：<a href="/wiki/Hans_Eichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Eichel">Hans Eichel</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="德国社会民主党">社民党</a></li> <li>4月7日1999年 - 2010年：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Koch（页面不存在）">Roland Koch</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">基民盟</a></li> <li>8月31日2010年 - <a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4" title="2024年">2024年</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volker_Bouffier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Bouffier（页面不存在）">Volker Bouffier</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="德国基督教民主联盟">基民盟</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="纹章和旗帜"><span id=".E7.BA.B9.E7.AB.A0.E5.92.8C.E6.97.97.E5.B8.9C"></span>纹章和旗帜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：纹章和旗帜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>州徽展现了蓝色的背景和一只直立的狮，身体由九道银红相间的条纹分割。狮子作为徽章最早起源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9" title="图林根">图林根</a>州，但是现在被黑森州所采用，是因为圖林根到1247年都统治着当今的黑森州地区。州旗是红白色，作为州象征时旗子中央也加上州徽章。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="居民"><span id=".E5.B1.85.E6.B0.91"></span>居民</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：居民"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森州大部分人口都生活在南部沿<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="美茵河">美茵河</a>地区。此外的一个集居地位于州北部城市<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="卡塞尔">卡塞尔</a>。 </p><p>黑森州口音主要体现在法兰克式的黑森腔，属于德国中西部方言区。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF"></span>行政</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：行政"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="行政区域"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8C.BA.E5.9F.9F"></span>行政区域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：行政区域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自1981年起，黑森州在区域上划分为三个行政区域<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="达姆施塔特行政区">达姆施塔特行政区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%A3%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="吉森行政区">吉森行政区</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="卡塞尔行政区">卡塞尔行政区</a>，同时有5个自立市、21个县以及426个自然村。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自立市"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.AB.8B.E5.B8.82"></span>自立市</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：自立市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>（括号中为车牌号） </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="达姆施塔特">达姆施塔特</a>（<span lang="de">DA</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福">法兰克福</a>（<span lang="de">F</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="卡塞尔">卡塞尔</a>（<span lang="de">KS</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%A5%A5%E8%8A%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="美因河畔奥芬巴赫">奥芬巴赫</a>（<span lang="de">OF</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB" title="威斯巴登">威斯巴登</a>（<span lang="de">WI</span>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="县"><span id=".E5.8E.BF"></span>县</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：县"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森分成21个县： </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_(with_numbers).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg/300px-Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg/450px-Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg/600px-Map_of_Hesse_with_districts_%28with_numbers%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="贝格施特拉瑟县">贝格施特拉瑟县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9-%E8%BF%AA%E5%A0%A1%E5%8E%BF" title="达姆施塔特-迪堡县">达姆施塔特-迪堡县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%96%E5%8A%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="大盖劳县">大盖劳县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%B5%AB%E9%99%B6%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="霍赫陶努斯縣">霍赫陶努斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0-%E9%87%91%E9%BD%90%E5%B8%8C%E5%8E%BF" title="美因-金齐希县">美因-金齐希县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0-%E9%99%B6%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="美因-陶努斯县">美因-陶努斯县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%8E%BF" title="奥登瓦尔德县">奥登瓦尔德县</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="8"> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%8A%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E5%8E%BF" title="奥芬巴赫县">奥芬巴赫县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E9%AB%98-%E9%99%B6%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="莱茵高-陶努斯县">莱茵高-陶努斯县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%B3%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="维特劳县">维特劳县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%A3%AE%E5%8E%BF" title="吉森县">吉森县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%81%A9-%E8%BF%AA%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉恩-迪尔县">拉恩-迪尔县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1-%E9%AD%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1%E5%8E%BF" title="林堡-魏尔堡县">林堡-魏尔堡县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1-%E6%AF%94%E7%99%BB%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%AB%E5%8E%BF" title="马尔堡-比登科普夫县">马尔堡-比登科普夫县</a> </li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="15"> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="福格尔斯贝格县">福格尔斯贝格县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%BF" title="富尔达县">富尔达县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7-%E7%BD%97%E6%BB%95%E5%A0%A1%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="赫斯费尔德-罗滕堡县">赫斯费尔德-罗滕堡县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="卡塞尔县">卡塞尔县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86-%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="施瓦尔姆-埃德尔县">施瓦尔姆-埃德尔县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%8B%89-%E8%BF%88%E6%96%AF%E8%AE%B7%E5%8E%BF" title="韦拉-迈斯讷县">韦拉-迈斯讷县</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B-%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%82%AF%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦尔德克-弗兰肯贝格县">瓦尔德克-弗兰肯贝格县</a> </li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑森州最大的企业： </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%B1%89%E8%8E%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="德国汉莎">德国汉莎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%82" title="雷弗超市">雷弗超市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="德国铁路">德国铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%AE%9D" title="欧宝">欧宝股份公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="德意志银行">德意志银行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="西门子公司">西门子公司</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Siemens_VDO_Automotive_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siemens VDO Automotive AG（页面不存在）">Siemens VDO Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="大众汽车">大众汽车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克福国际机场">法兰克福国际机场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="德累斯顿银行">德累斯顿银行</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buderus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buderus（页面不存在）">Buderus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="飞利浦">飞利浦</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考来源"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>参考来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参考来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2023-06/ai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx">Bevölkerung in Hessen am 31.12.2022 nach Gemeinden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(XLS)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hessisches_Statistisches_Landesamt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt（页面不存在）">Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt</a>. June 2023 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到German网页">（German）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+in+Hessen+am+31.12.2022+nach+Gemeinden&rft.date=2023-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hessisches+Statistisches+Landesamt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Fsites%2Fstatistik.hessen.de%2Ffiles%2F2023-06%2Fai2_j2022_bevoelkerung_tabelle_2.xlsx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型">link</a>)</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120914010546/http://www.statistik-hessen.de/themenauswahl/gesamtwirtschaft-konjunktur/landesdaten/bip-wirtschaftsbereichen/grundzahlen-bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung/index.html">Bruttoinlandsprodukt</a>. Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen. Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2014]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistik-hessen.de/themenauswahl/gesamtwirtschaft-konjunktur/landesdaten/bip-wirtschaftsbereichen/grundzahlen-bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-09-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volkswirtschaftliche+Gesamtrechnungen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-hessen.de%2Fthemenauswahl%2Fgesamtwirtschaft-konjunktur%2Flandesdaten%2Fbip-wirtschaftsbereichen%2Fgrundzahlen-bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li>Eckhart G. Franz: <i>Die Chronik Hessens</i>. Chronik-Verlag, Dortmund 1991, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3611001929" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-611-00192-9</a></li> <li>Renate Liebenwein, Stefan Rothe: <i>Die Blauen Bücher, Kaiserpfalz und Wolkenkratzer. Kunst in Hessen.</i> Langewiesche Verlag, Königstein im Taunus 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3784546129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7845-4612-9</a></li> <li>Hans Joachim Fröhlich: <i>Wege zu alten Bäumen. Band 1 - Hessen</i>. WDV Wirtschaftsdienst, Frankfurt am Main 1990, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3926181060" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-926181-06-0</a></li> <li>Hermann-Josef Rapp (Hrsg.): <i>Reinhardswald. Eine Kulturgeschichte</i>. Euregio, Kassel 2002, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/393361712X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-933617-12-X</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="黑森统治者列表">黑森统治者列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="黑森州市鎮列表">黑森州市鎮列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hessen.de">黑森州政府网站</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館">美國國會圖書館</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021112045314/http%3A//www.hessen.de/stk/">存檔</a>，存档日期2002-11-12</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hessischer-landtag.de">黑森州州议会</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200825064741/http://www.hessischer-landtag.de/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtplandienst.de/hessen.asp">德国黑森州城市电子地图</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051124102803/http://www.stadtplandienst.de/hessen.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlas.umwelt.hessen.de/">黑森州地图册</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040607214113/http://atlas.umwelt.hessen.de/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="德国">德国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD)" title="联邦州 (德国)">联邦州</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:200px;"><div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" title="巴登-符腾堡">巴登-符腾堡</a>（BW）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bavaria_(lozengy).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="巴伐利亚">巴伐利亚</a>（BY）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Berlin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/25px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/38px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/50px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>（BE）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="勃兰登堡">勃兰登堡</a>（BB） </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:200px;"><div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bremen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/25px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/38px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_Bremen.svg/50px-Flag_of_Bremen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%86%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E" title="不來梅州">不来梅</a>（HB）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamburg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/25px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/38px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hamburg.svg/50px-Flag_of_Hamburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1" title="汉堡">汉堡</a>（HH）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hesse.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/25px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/38px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/50px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">黑森</a>（HE）<br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/25px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/38px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/50px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1-%E5%89%8D%E6%B3%A2%E8%8E%AB%E7%91%9E" title="梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞">梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞</a>（MV）</span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:200px;"><div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/25px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/38px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="下萨克森">下萨克森</a>（NI）<br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/25px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/38px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/50px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5-%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6" title="北莱茵-威斯特法伦">北莱茵-威斯特法伦</a>（NW）</span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/25px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/38px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/50px-Flag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E5%85%B0-%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8" title="莱茵兰-普法尔茨">莱茵兰-普法尔茨</a>（RP）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saarland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Saarland.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saarland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" title="薩爾蘭">薩爾蘭</a>（SL） </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:200px;"><div> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/38px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="萨克森">萨克森</a>（SN）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE-%E5%AE%89%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="萨克森-安哈尔特">萨克森-安哈尔特</a>（ST）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/25px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/38px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/50px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E7%9B%8A%E6%A0%BC-%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0" title="石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因">石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因</a>（SH）<br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thuringia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/25px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/38px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Thuringia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Thuringia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%B9" title="图林根">图林根</a>（TH） </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> 行政區劃列表：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="Template:神圣罗马帝国行政圈">神聖羅馬帝國</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="Template:莱茵邦联">萊茵邦聯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F%E8%88%87%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="Template:普魯士的領土與省份">普魯士</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0" title="Template:奧地利帝國皇室土地">奥地利</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="Template:德意志邦联">德意志邦聯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E9%82%A6" title="Template:北德意志邦聯成員邦">北德意志邦聯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%84%E9%82%A6" title="Template:德意志帝國各邦">德意志帝國</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="Template:魏玛共和国行政区划">魏玛共和国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E5%8F%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:纳粹德国行政区划及德国占领区">纳粹德国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%9E" title="Template:盟國軍事佔領德國的州">軍事佔領</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Bezirke_DDR" title="Template:Bezirke DDR">民主德国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="Template:德國的聯邦州">聯邦德國</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1223811/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123591171">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153145963">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCGWRv3FgQGcqTQGy68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575773">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940944s">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940944s">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4024729-6">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564481805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hesse (Germany)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83009487">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hesensko (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129247&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/2709">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/1b761636-6166-4dec-af7f-48c506f4e24d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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<div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑森&oldid=84395960">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑森&oldid=84395960</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%9E" title="Category:黑森州">黑森州</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="Category:德国联邦州">德国联邦州</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946%E5%B9%B4%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Category:1946年建立的行政區劃">1946年建立的行政區劃</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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