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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Masovian dialect group</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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dialect</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dialect of the Polish language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Masovian dialect group</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">dialekty mazowieckie</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mazovian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazovian Voivodeship">Mazovian Voivodeship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warmia-Mazuria_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Warmia-Mazuria Voivodeship">Warmia-Mazuria Voivodeship</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages">Balto-Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lechitic_languages" title="Lechitic languages">Lechitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Masovian dialect group</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">Polish alphabet</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">53-AAA-cc <br />(varieties: 53-AAA-cca to 53-AAA-ccu)</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>Masovian dialect group</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">dialekt mazowiecki</i>), also <b>Mazovian</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Polish" title="Dialects of Polish">dialect group</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish language</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mazovia" title="Mazovia">Mazovia</a> and historically related regions, in northeastern Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-gwary-uw_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gwary-uw-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most distinct of the Polish dialects and the most expansive.<sup id="cite_ref-gwary-uw_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gwary-uw-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/220px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/330px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG/440px-Languages_of_CE_Europe-3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Masovian dialect (B3) among languages of Central Europe</figcaption></figure> <p>Mazovian dialects may exhibit such features as <a href="/wiki/Mazurzenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazurzenie">mazurzenie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandhi" title="Sandhi">sandhi</a> (intervocalic voicing of obstruents on word boundaries), and asynchronous palatal pronunciation of labial consonants (so-called softening). Characteristics include: </p> <ul><li>Depalatalization of velars before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span> and palatalization of velars before historical <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ̃/</span>; e.g. standard <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <i>rękę</i>, <i>nogę</i> ('arm', 'leg', in the accusative case) is rendered <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈrɛŋkʲɛ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈnɔɡʲɛ]</span> respectively instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈrɛŋkɛ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈnɔɡɛ]</span>;</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/li/</span> sequences realized <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lɪ]</span> instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lʲi]</span>;</li> <li>merger of the retroflex series sz, ż, cz, dż into the alveolar s, z, c, dz;</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɨ/</span> > <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> before certain consonants;</li> <li>the Old Polish dual number marker -<i>wa</i> continues to be attached to verbs;</li> <li>Standard Polish <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ̃/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ̃/</span> merged with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> respectively, in most situations;</li> <li>certain instances of a > e;</li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mʲ]</span> > <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span></li></ul> <p>Masovian dialects also contain certain vocabulary that is distinct from the standard Polish language and shares common characteristics with the <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_dialects">List of dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masovian_dialect_group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descended from the language of the <a href="/wiki/Mazovians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazovians">Mazovians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wieczorkiewicz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wieczorkiewicz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gwary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gwary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the dialects are:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubawa_dialect" title="Lubawa dialect">Lubawa dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da_dialect" title="Ostróda dialect">Ostróda dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Warmia dialect">Warmia dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masurian_dialects" title="Masurian dialects">Masurian dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_dialect" title="Suwałki dialect">Suwałki dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81owicz_dialect" title="Łowicz dialect">Łowicz dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Mazovian dialect">Near Mazovian dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Mazovian dialect">Far Mazovian dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurpie_dialect" title="Kurpie dialect">Kurpie dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlachia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlachia dialect">Podlachia dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_dialect" title="Białystok dialect">Białystok dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_dialect" title="Warsaw dialect">Warsaw dialect</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features_of_the_region">Features of the region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masovian_dialect_group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features of the region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Features that can be found in various intensities and distributions in the region include:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Labiovelarization of *telt > tëłt > tołt > tłot *pelti > płoc (Compare Polish pleć) (perhaps with the exception of słoʒona, sledziona)</li> <li>*TorT > TroT</li> <li>*ľ̥ > l̥ except in Pľ̥T́PK (po wargowych, a przed palatalnymi, wargowymi, i tylkojęzykowymi)</li> <li>remaining *ľ̥ in Pľ̥T́PK > ‘el: ḿelli, hard *l̥ > oł (Stolpsko), Pľ̥T (after a labial, before a hard postalveolar > ṔołT: v́ołna</li> <li>hardening of consonants before *ŕ̥t> ar: tfardi except źarno and śarno</li> <li>interword devoicing of consonants before voiceless consonants, liquids, or vowels: sat rośnie, sat urós, ukratem, zav́eśmi (zawieźmy)</li> <li>w > v/f trój, kfiat, *χw > χv > χf > f fała (chwała)</li> <li>mazurzenie: š ž č ǯ > s z c ʒ: scekać (szczekać, or a merger of the retroflexes and palatal sibilants into postalveolar: szcziekać, sziano</li> <li>Old Polish ḷ > ł > u̯, especially in West Masovia</li> <li>Hardening of Old Polish ľ > l even before i: lis</li> <li>Decomposition of soft labials: ṕ, b́, f́, v́, ḿ > pš/pχ́, bž/bɣ́, vź, fś, mń: kurpχ́/karpś, pafχ́/ołófš́, mniasto, also śfat (świat), niedźwiedź (earlier mniedźwiedź)</li> <li>Simplification of resulting clusters containing labials: ołóš́, źara (wiara), niasto</li> <li>śř, źř > śr, źr, środa, źrėbåk</li> <li>penultimate stress</li> <li>Loss aje> ā, grai̯e > grā</li> <li>preference for pochylone ȯ (kłȯtka, skȯlni)</li> <li>ir > ėr, sėrce</li> <li>*y > i, sin, dim, dwa ribi (compare decomposition of bilabials)</li> <li>Fronting of Old Polish short ă, even softening velars, pråvdä, ḱäńå täg vołå, sometimes merging with e <ol><li>a > ä > e in some Old Polish texts</li> <li>i̯a- > i̯ä- > i̯e-: i̯epko</li> <li>ra- > rä- > re-: reno</li> <li>-ar- > -är- > -er-: umer, derń (compare also umárł)</li> <li>frequent and common *ěT > ä > e: osierze (ofiara)</li> <li>ăN > äN > śäno</li></ol></li> <li>á > a: dobra trawä</li> <li>loss of the phonemically short nasal in short syllables into a front, middle noasal between a and e, indifferent to the width of the opening of ą̈: zą̈bi, sometimes going to ą (ćąsko) or ę (ćęsko), or sometimes denazalisation in unstressed codas or before sibilants (i̯azik, i̯ėnzik)</li> <li>lost of the phonemically long nasal vowel ą̄ > ǫ and in regions touching Małopolska > ų, with frequent denasalization as above (kśůska)</li> <li>-išče > -isko</li> <li>spread of -isty, -asty</li> <li>replacement of -’ev in soft stems with -’ov in the 16th century, and occasional hypercorrection to adding -’ev after hard stems: synev́i</li> <li>establishment of od(-) (<*otъ) before vowels and liquids, od okna, odnaleźć in the 15th century</li> <li>loss via analogy of mobile e: do Suvȧłk</li> <li>spread of -ywać</li> <li>replacement of neuter nouns ending in -ę with -ak: ćelȧk</li> <li>replacement of -eć infinitives with -ić/-yć: lezyć</li> <li>replacement of the superlative nȧ- with nai̯-</li> <li>establishment of voiced z(-) before vowels and liquids: zleźć, z ńim</li> <li>replacement of the locative plural -’eχ with -aχ in the middle of the 16th century</li> <li>mixing of the dative endings -ov́i with -u > -ov́u: bratoźu, χłopakoɣ́u, wołoju</li> <li>replacement of the genitive singular soft-stem ending -’e (<*-ě₃) with -i: z źä(m)ńi</li> <li>replacement of the nominative/accusative neuter ending -ē < *-ьje with -ĕ with declensions from *-jo-: zboze</li> <li>replacement of the genitive/locative adjective/pronoun plural ending -iχ with -ėχ</li> <li>sporadic use of adjective/pronoun endings for some nouns</li> <li>replacement of neuter/feminine dv́e with dva: dva krovi, dva okna</li> <li>replacement of the ending -i for numerals from 5-10 with -u: z dvu, seśću, or ṕę̇ćuχ</li> <li>replacement of ā < *ěja in preterite forms with the reflex of *ě by analogy: mńāł, mńăłă, mńeli</li> <li>loss of -ui̯e, -ovać (-ivać) in some verbs: kupać, zlatać</li> <li>loss of the dual with the dual form -ta replacing the second person plural: ńeśeta, ńeśta with -će being used for formal forms: ńeśeće</li> <li>in some subdialects spread of the first person dual -va in the present: ńeśeva</li> <li>in some subdialects replacement of the first person imperative -m with -my: ńeśmi or more often with -va: ńeźva, and occasional contamination of the two with -ma: neśma</li> <li>in the first person compound past (nosił(a) + jeśḿ) > -eśḿ > -(e)m: nosiłem/uśatem</li> <li>first person past: ńeśli(je)sm > neśliśmy, and also replacement with the dual: bẏliźva or -śma: nośiliśma</li> <li>merger of masculine personal with masculine animal endings by spread of -y and -e <ol><li>regional replacement of -li with -ły: spałi (for m.pr and m.an)</li> <li>regional replacement of -ły with -li: spali (for m.pr and m.an)</li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masovian_dialect_group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gwary-uw-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gwary-uw_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gwary-uw_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414143918/http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=6">"Gwary polskie – Dialekt mazowiecki"</a>. gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=6">the original</a> on 2011-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gwary+polskie+%E2%80%93+Dialekt+mazowiecki&rft.pub=gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dsection%26id%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasovian+dialect+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548460/Slavic-languages/74892/West-Slavic?anchor=ref604071">"Slavic languages – Encyclopædia Britannica"</a>. britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slavic+languages+%E2%80%93+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F548460%2FSlavic-languages%2F74892%2FWest-Slavic%3Fanchor%3Dref604071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasovian+dialect+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wieczorkiewicz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wieczorkiewicz_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronisław_Wieczorkiewicz1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bronisław Wieczorkiewicz (1968). <i>Gwara warszawska dawniej i dziś</i> (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 516.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gwara+warszawska+dawniej+i+dzi%C5%9B&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=516&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowy+Instytut+Wydawniczy&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Bronis%C5%82aw+Wieczorkiewicz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasovian+dialect+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwary-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gwary_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halina Karas, <i>Gwary Polskie</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=6">Dialects and gwary in Poland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414143918/http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=6">Archived</a> 2011-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaraś2010" class="citation web cs1">Karaś, Halina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=opis-dialektow&l2=dialekt-mazowiecki">"Dialekt mazowiecki"</a>. <i>dialektologia.uw.edu.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dialektologia.uw.edu.pl&rft.atitle=Dialekt+mazowiecki&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kara%C5%9B&rft.aufirst=Halina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl%2Findex.php%3Fl1%3Dopis-dialektow%26l2%3Ddialekt-mazowiecki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasovian+dialect+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarol_Dejna1973" class="citation book cs1">Karol Dejna (1973). <i>Dialekty polskie</i>. pp. 242–248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialekty+polskie&rft.pages=242-248&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Karol+Dejna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasovian+dialect+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masovian_dialect_group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barbara Bartnicka (red.): <i>Polszczyzna Mazowsza i Podlasia.</i> Łomża-Warszawa 1993.</li> <li>Anna Basara: <i>Studia nad wokalizmem w gwarach Mazowsza.</i> Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1965.</li> <li>Anna Cegieła: <i>Polski Słownik terminologii i gwary teatralnej.</i> Wrocław 1992.</li> <li>Jadwiga Chludzińska-Świątecka: <i>Ze studiów nad słowotwórstwem gwar mazowieckich.</i> Poradnik Językowy, z. 6, 1961, s. 253–258.</li> <li>Karol Dejna: <i>Dialekty polskie.</i> Ossolineum 1993.</li> <li>Barbara Falińska (red.): <i>Gwary Mazowsza, Podlasia i Suwalszczyzny.ɴ</i> I. Filipów, pow. Suwałki, Białystok, 2004.</li> <li><i>Województwo płockie.</i> Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź-Płock 1984.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Polish">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Polish" title="Old Polish">Old Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Polish" title="Middle Polish">Middle Polish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">Spelling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_orthography" title="History of Polish orthography">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_grammar" title="Polish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_morphology" title="Polish morphology">Morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Polish" title="Dialects of Polish">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_mixed_dialects" title="New mixed dialects">New mixed dialects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_dialect_group" title="Greater Poland dialect group">Greater Poland dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kociewie_dialect" title="Kociewie dialect">Kociewie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bory_Tucholskie_dialect" title="Bory Tucholskie dialect">Bory Tucholskie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bydgoszcz dialect (page does not exist)">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krajna_dialect" title="Krajna dialect">Krajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno-Dobrzy%C5%84_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect">Chełmno-Dobrzyń</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pozna%C5%84_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poznań dialect (page does not exist)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavian_dialect" title="Kuyavian dialect">Kujawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Greater Polish dialect">Northern Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Greater Polish dialect">Western Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Greater Polish dialect">Central Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Greater Polish dialect">Eastern Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Greater Polish dialect">Southern Greater Polish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masovian dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubawa_dialect" title="Lubawa dialect">Lubawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da_dialect" title="Ostróda dialect">Ostróda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Warmia dialect">Warmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masurian_dialects" title="Masurian dialects">Masurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_dialect" title="Suwałki dialect">Suwałki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81owicz_dialect" title="Łowicz dialect">Łowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Mazovian dialect">Near Mazovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Mazovian dialect">Far Mazovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurpie_dialect" title="Kurpie dialect">Kurpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlachia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlachia dialect">Podlachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_dialect" title="Białystok dialect">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_dialect" title="Warsaw dialect">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_dialect_group" title="Lesser Poland dialect group">Lesser Poland dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czyca_dialect" title="Łęczyca dialect">Łęczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradz_dialect" title="Sieradz dialect">Sieradz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masovian_Borderland_dialect" title="Masovian Borderland dialect">Masovian Borderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_dialect" title="Kielce dialect">Kielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Kraków dialect">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasovia_dialect" title="Lasovia dialect">Lasovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Krakow_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Krakow dialect">Eastern Krakow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podegrodzie_dialect" title="Podegrodzie dialect">Podegrodzie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limanowa_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limanowa dialect (page does not exist)">Limanowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Lublin_dialect" title="Western Lublin dialect">Western Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lublin_dialect" title="Eastern Lublin dialect">Eastern Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl_dialect" title="Przemyśl dialect">Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biecz_dialect" title="Biecz dialect">Biecz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goral_ethnolect" title="Goral ethnolect">Goral ethnolect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBywiec_dialect" title="Żywiec dialect">Żywiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orawa_dialect" title="Orawa dialect">Orawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podhale_dialect" title="Podhale dialect">Podhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spisz_dialect" title="Spisz dialect">Spisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babia_G%C3%B3ra_dialect" title="Babia Góra dialect">Babia Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliszczak_dialect" title="Kliszczak dialect">Kliszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieniny_dialect" title="Pieniny dialect">Pieniny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%85cko_dialect" title="Łącko dialect">Łącko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piwniczna_dialect" title="Piwniczna dialect">Piwniczna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zag%C3%B3rze_dialect" title="Zagórze dialect">Zagórze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kysuce_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kysuce dialect (page does not exist)">Kysuce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ochotnica_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ochotnica dialect (page does not exist)">Ochotnica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liptov_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liptov dialect (page does not exist)">Liptov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Borderlands_dialect" title="Northern Borderlands dialect">Northern Borderlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Borderlands_dialect" title="Southern Borderlands dialect">Southern Borderlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bydgoszcz dialect (page does not exist)">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Kraków dialect">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pozna%C5%84_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poznań dialect (page does not exist)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_dialect" title="Warsaw dialect">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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