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<span>Apparel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Apparel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Apparel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Apparel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textiles_for_cleaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textiles_for_cleaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Textiles for cleaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textiles_for_cleaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloths_and_mops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloths_and_mops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cloths and mops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloths_and_mops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Insulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketballs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketballs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Basketballs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketballs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_and_safety_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_and_safety_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental and safety issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_and_safety_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82" title="ليف دقيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليف دقيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Мікравалакно – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мікравалакно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Микрофибър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Микрофибър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfibra" title="Microfibra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Microfibra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrovl%C3%A1kno" title="Mikrovlákno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikrovlákno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofaser" title="Mikrofaser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikrofaser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfibra" title="Microfibra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microfibra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrozuntz" title="Mikrozuntz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikrozuntz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="میکروفایبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروفایبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfibre" title="Microfibre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microfibre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%84%B8%EC%82%AC" title="극세사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="극세사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfibra" title="Microfibra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Microfibra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8" title="מיקרופייבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרופייבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvezel" title="Microvezel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microvezel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="マイクロファイバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイクロファイバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofibra" title="Mikrofibra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mikrofibra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Микроволокно – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микроволокно" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrokuitu" title="Mikrokuitu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikrokuitu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofiber" title="Mikrofiber – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikrofiber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrofiber" title="Mikrofiber – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikrofiber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мікрофібра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікрофібра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BB%86%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" title="超细纤维 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Microfiber" title="Special:EditPage/Microfiber">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Microfiber%22">"Microfiber"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Microfiber%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Microfiber%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Microfiber%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Microfiber%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Microfiber%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microfibre_cloth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Microfibre_cloth.jpg/220px-Microfibre_cloth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Microfibre_cloth.jpg/330px-Microfibre_cloth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Microfibre_cloth.jpg/440px-Microfibre_cloth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Microfiber cloth suitable for cleaning sensitive surfaces</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microfibar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/220px-Microfibar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/330px-Microfibar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Microfibar.jpg/440px-Microfibar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Microscopic view of a microfiber cloth</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Microfibre</b> (<b>microfiber</b> in American English) is synthetic fibre finer than one <a href="/wiki/Denier_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denier (unit)">denier</a> or <a href="/wiki/Decitex" class="mw-redirect" title="Decitex">decitex</a>/thread, having a <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> of less than ten <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">micrometers</a>. </p><p>The most common types of microfiber are made variously of <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyesters</a>; <a href="/wiki/Polyamide" title="Polyamide">polyamides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a>); and combinations of polyester, polyamide, and <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>. Microfiber is used to make mats, knits, and weaves, for apparel, upholstery, industrial filters, and cleaning products. The shape, size, and combinations of synthetic fibers are chosen for specific characteristics, including softness, toughness, absorption, water repellence, electrostatics, and filtering ability. </p><p>They are commonly used for cleaning scratch prone surfaces such as <a href="/wiki/Display_device" title="Display device">displays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lens" title="Lens">lenses</a>. Microfiber cloth makes use of <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force" title="Van der Waals force">van der Waals force</a> to remove dirt without scratches. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Production of ultra-fine fibers (finer than 0.7 <a href="/wiki/Denier_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denier (unit)">denier</a>) dates to the late 1950s, using melt-blown <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a> and flash spinning techniques. Initially, only fine staples of random length could be manufactured and very few applications were found.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then came experiments to produce ultra-fine fibers of a continuous filament type: the most promising experiments were made in Japan in the 1960s, by Miyoshi Okamoto, a scientist at Toray Industries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okamoto's discoveries and those of Toyohiko Hikota led to many industrial applications, including <a href="/wiki/Ultrasuede" title="Ultrasuede">Ultrasuede</a>, one of the first successful synthetic microfibers, which entered the market in the 1970s. Microfiber's use in the textile industry then expanded. Microfibers were first publicized in the early 1990s, in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and saw success as a product in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> over the course of the decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apparel">Apparel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Apparel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing">Clothing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfiber fabrics are man-made and frequently used for athletic wear, such as <a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">cycling jerseys</a>, because the microfiber material <a href="/wiki/Capillary_action" title="Capillary action">wicks</a> moisture (<a href="/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">perspiration</a>) away from the body; subsequent evaporation cools the wearer. </p><p>Microfiber can be used to make tough, very soft fabric for clothing, often used in skirts, jackets, bathrobes, and swimwear. Microfiber can be made into Ultrasuede, a synthetic imitation of suede leather, which is cheaper and easier to clean and sew than natural suede leather. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessories">Accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfiber is used to make many accessories that traditionally have been made from <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>: wallets, handbags, backpacks, book covers, shoes, cell phone cases, and coin purses. Microfiber fabric is lightweight, durable, and somewhat water repellent, so it makes a good substitute. </p><p>Another advantage of microfiber fabric (compared to leather) is that it can be coated with various finishes and can be treated with <a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">antibacterial</a> chemicals. Fabric can also be printed with various designs, embroidered with colored thread, and heat-embossed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textiles_for_cleaning">Textiles for cleaning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Textiles for cleaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg/220px-Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg/330px-Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg/440px-Microfiber_shammy_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4371" data-file-height="3016" /></a><figcaption>Microfiber cloth for cleaning screens and lenses</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mop_for_wet_use,_looped_microfiber,_velcro_back,_60_cm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg/170px-Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="464" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg/255px-Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg/340px-Mop_for_wet_use%2C_looped_microfiber%2C_velcro_back%2C_60_cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption>Microfiber mop with Velcro back for fastening on handle</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleaning product">cleaning products</a>, microfiber can be 100% polyester, or a blend of polyester and polyamide (nylon). It can be either a woven product or a non woven product, the latter most often used in limited use or disposable cloths. In the highest-quality fabrics for cleaning applications, the fiber is split during the manufacturing process to produce multi-stranded fibers. A cross section of the split microfiber fabric under high magnification would look like an asterisk.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The split fibers and the size of the individual filaments make the cloths more effective than other fabrics for cleaning purposes. The structure traps and retains the dirt and also absorbs liquids. Unlike cotton, microfiber leaves no <a href="/wiki/Lint_(material)" title="Lint (material)">lint</a>, the exception being some micro suede blends, where the surface is mechanically processed to produce a soft plush feel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For microfiber to be most effective as a cleaning product, especially for water-soluble soils and waxes, it should be a split microfiber. Non-split microfiber is little more than a very soft cloth. The main exception is for cloths used for facial cleansing and for the removal of skin oils (sebum), sunscreens, and mosquito repellents from optical surfaces such as cameras, phones and eyeglasses wherein higher-end proprietary woven, 100% polyester cloths using 2 <a href="/wiki/%CE%9Cm" class="mw-redirect" title="Μm">μm</a> filaments, will absorb these types of oils without smearing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Microfiber that is used in non-sports-related clothing, furniture, and other applications is not split because it is not designed to be absorbent, just soft. When buying, microfiber may not be labeled to designate whether it is split. One method to determine the type of microfiber is to run the cloth over the palm of the hand. A split microfiber will cling to imperfections of the skin and can be either heard or felt as it does. Alternatively, a small amount of water can be poured onto a hard, flat surface and pushed with the microfiber. If the water is pushed rather than absorbed, it is not split microfiber.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Microfiber can be electrostatically charged for special purposes like filtration.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Citation is very commerical, which likely is not objective. (March 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloths_and_mops">Cloths and mops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cloths and mops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfiber products used for consumer cleaning are generally constructed from split conjugated fibers of polyester and polyamide. Microfiber used for commercial cleaning products also includes many products constructed of 100% polyester. Microfiber products are able to absorb <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oils</a> especially well and are not hard enough to scratch even <a href="/wiki/Paintwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Paintwork">paintwork</a> unless they have retained grit or hard particles from previous use. Due to <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bonding" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bonding">hydrogen bonding</a>, microfiber cloth containing polyamide absorbs and holds more water than other types of fibres. </p><p>Microfiber is widely used by <a href="/wiki/Auto_detailing" title="Auto detailing">car detailers</a> to handle tasks such as removing wax from paintwork, quick detailing, interior cleaning, glass cleaning, and drying. Because of their fine fibers which leave no <a href="/wiki/Lint_(material)" title="Lint (material)">lint</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">dust</a>, microfiber towels are used by car detailers and enthusiasts in a similar manner to a <a href="/wiki/Chamois_leather" title="Chamois leather">chamois leather</a>. </p><p>Microfiber is used in many professional cleaning applications, for example in <a href="/wiki/Mop" title="Mop">mops</a> and cleaning cloths. Although microfiber mops cost more than non-microfiber mops, they may be more economical because they last longer and require less effort to use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microfiber textiles designed for cleaning clean on a microscopic scale. According to tests, using microfiber materials to clean a surface reduces bacteria by 99%, whereas a conventional cleaning material reduces bacteria by only 33%.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microfiber cleaning tools also absorb fat and grease and their <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrostatic">electrostatic</a> properties allow them to attract dust strongly. </p><p>Microfiber cloths are also used to clean photographic lenses as they absorb oily matter without being abrasive or leaving a residue, and are sold by major manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">Sinar</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZEISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ZEISS">ZEISS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canon_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (company)">Canon</a>. Small microfiber cleaning cloths are commonly sold for cleaning computer screens, cameras, phones and <a href="/wiki/Eyeglasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyeglasses">eyeglasses</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg/220px-Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg/330px-Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg/440px-Brillenputzt%C3%BCcher-trocken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>Cloth for cleaning glasses</figcaption></figure> <p>Microfiber is unsuitable for some cleaning applications as it accumulates dust, debris, and particles. Sensitive surfaces (such as all high-tech coated surfaces e.g. <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">LCD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma</a> screens) can easily be damaged by a microfiber cloth if it has picked up grit or other abrasive particles during use. One way to minimize the risk of damage to flat surfaces is to use a flat, non-rugged microfiber cloth, as these tend to be less prone to retaining grit. </p><p>Rags made of microfiber must only be washed with regular <a href="/wiki/Laundry_detergent" title="Laundry detergent">laundry detergent</a>, not oily, self-softening, soap-based <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergents</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fabric_softener" title="Fabric softener">Fabric softener</a> must not be used;<sup id="cite_ref-spruce_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spruce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the oils and <a href="/wiki/Cationic_surfactant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cationic surfactant">cationic surfactants</a> in the softener and self-softening detergents will clog up the fibers and make them less absorbent until the oils are washed out. Hot temperatures may also cause microfiber cloth to melt or become wrinkled.<sup id="cite_ref-spruce_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spruce-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insulation">Insulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Insulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfiber materials such as <a href="/wiki/PrimaLoft" title="PrimaLoft">PrimaLoft</a> are used for <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> as a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Down_feather" title="Down feather">down feather</a> insulation in sleeping bags and outdoor equipment, because of their better retention of heat when damp or wet. Microfiber is also used for water insulation in automotive car covers. Depending on the technology the fiber manufacturer is using, such material may contain from 2 up to 5 thin layers, merged. Such combination ensures not only high absorption factor, but also breathability of the material, which prevents the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect">greenhouse effect</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketballs">Basketballs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Basketballs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With microfiber-shelled <a href="/wiki/Basketball_(ball)" title="Basketball (ball)">basketballs</a> already used by <a href="/wiki/FIBA" title="FIBA">FIBA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> introduced a microfiber ball for the 2006–07 season.<sup id="cite_ref-nba_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ball, which is manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Spalding_(sports_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spalding (sports equipment)">Spalding</a>, does not require a "break-in" period of use as <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> balls do and has the ability to absorb water and oils, meaning that sweat from players touching the ball is better absorbed, making the ball less slippery.<sup id="cite_ref-nba_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the season, the league received many complaints from players who found that the ball bounced differently from leather balls, and that it left cuts on their hands.<sup id="cite_ref-nl_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 2007, the league scrapped the use of all microfiber balls and returned to leather basketballs.<sup id="cite_ref-nl_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nl-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfibers used in tablecloths, furniture, and car interiors are designed to <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophobic">repel wetting</a> and consequently are difficult to stain. In furniture, microfiber is a close alternative to leather due to the simple upkeep of the qualities of the material. Easy to wipe off liquids and better suited for individuals with pets. Microfiber tablecloths will bead liquids until they are removed and are sometimes advertised showing red wine on a white tablecloth that wipes clean with a paper towel. This and the ability to mimic suede economically are common selling points for microfiber upholstery fabrics (e.g., for <a href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">couches</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Microfibers are used in towels especially those to be used at swimming pools as even a small towel dries the body quickly. They dry quickly and are less prone than cotton towels to become stale if not dried immediately. Microfiber towels need to be soaked in water and pressed before use, as they would otherwise repel water as microfiber tablecloths do.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Microfiber is also used for other applications such as making menstrual pads, cloth diaper inserts, body scrubbers, face mitts, whiteboard cleaners, and various goods that need to absorb water and/or attract small particles. </p><p>In the medical world, the properties of microfibers are used in the coating of certain fabric sheets used to strengthen the original material.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_and_safety_issues">Environmental and safety issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental and safety issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microfiber textiles tend to be <a href="/wiki/Flammability" class="mw-redirect" title="Flammability">flammable</a> if manufactured from hydrocarbons (<a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a>) or carbohydrates (<a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>) and emit <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic">toxic</a> gases when burning, more so if aromatic (<a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate" title="Polyethylene terephthalate">PET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">PS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene">ABS</a>) or treated with <a href="/wiki/Halogenated" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogenated">halogenated</a> <a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">flame retardants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">azo dyes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their polyester and <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> stock are made from <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemicals</a>, which are not a <a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">renewable resource</a> and are not <a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">biodegradable</a>. </p><p>For most cleaning applications they are designed for repeated use rather than being discarded after use.<sup id="cite_ref-id_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-id-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exception to this is the precise cleaning of optical components where a wet cloth is drawn once across the object and must not be used again as the debris collected are now embedded in the cloth and may scratch the optical surface. </p><p>Microfiber products also enter the oceanic water supply and <a href="/wiki/Food_chain" title="Food chain">food chain</a> similarly to other <a href="/wiki/Microplastics" title="Microplastics">microplastics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Synthetic clothing made of microfibers that are washed release materials and travel to local <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a> plants, contributing to <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a> in water. A study by the clothing brand <a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a> and University of California, Santa Barbara, found that when synthetic jackets made of microfibers are washed, on average 1.7 grams (0.060 oz) of microfibers are released from the <a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">washing machine</a>. These microfibers then travel to local wastewater treatment plants, where up to 40% of them enter into rivers, lakes, and <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a> where they contribute to the overall plastic pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microfibers account for 85% of man-made debris found on shorelines worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fibers retained in wastewater treatment sludge (biosolids) that are land-applied can persist in soils.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyamide" title="Polyamide">Polyamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_fleece" title="Polar fleece">Polar fleece</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microfiber&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakajima T, Kajiwara K, McIntyre J E, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sxUsqJQUKY0C&pg=PA187"><i>Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200126111020/https://books.google.com/books?id=sxUsqJQUKY0C&pg=PA187&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0">Archived</a> 2020-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 187–188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kanigel, Robert, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KMYOFrr41fUC"><i>Faux Real: Genuine Leather and 200 Years of Inspired Fakes</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013039/https://books.google.com/books?id=KMYOFrr41fUC&printsec=frontcover&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA184,M1">Archived</a> 2018-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Joseph Henry Press, pp. 186–192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"SYNTHETIC SPLIT MICROFIBER TECHNOLOGY FOR FILTRATION " by Jeff Dugan, Vice President Research and Development Fiber Innovation Technologies and Ed Homonoff President Edward C. Homonoff & Associates, LLC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UC Davis Health System: Newroom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/newsroom/releases/archives/other/2006/mop6-2006.html"><i>UC Davis Pioneers Use of Microfiber Mops in Hospitals: Mops reduce injuries, kill more germs and reduce costs.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706120121/http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/newsroom/releases/archives/other/2006/mop6-2006.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> June 23, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sustainable Hospitals Project, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">University of Massachusetts Lowell</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sustainablehospitals.org/PDF/tenreasonsmop.pdf"><i>10 Reasons to Use Microfiber Mopping.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410143858/http://www.sustainablehospitals.org/PDF/tenreasonsmop.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706120121/http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/newsroom/releases/archives/other/2006/mop6-2006.html">UC Davis Health System: Newroom UC Davis Pioneers Use Of Microfiber Mops In Hospitals</a>. Ucdmc.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spruce-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spruce_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spruce_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-wash-microfiber-clothes-2145813">"Discover Microfiber Clothes and Linens and How to Use and Wash Them"</a>. <i>The Spruce</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spruce&rft.atitle=Discover+Microfiber+Clothes+and+Linens+and+How+to+Use+and+Wash+Them&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruce.com%2Fhow-to-wash-microfiber-clothes-2145813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrofiber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nba-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nba_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nba_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.com/news/blackbox_060628.html">NBA Introduces New Game Ball</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317211343/http://www.nba.com/news/blackbox_060628.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NBA.com, June 28, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nl-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nl_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nl_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josh Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalledger.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=10405">NBA to Take Microfiber Basketball and Go Home</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081212202357/http://www.nationalledger.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=10405">Archived</a> 2008-12-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Ledger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Ledger (page does not exist)">National Ledger</a></i>, December 12, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhopadhyay2002" class="citation journal cs1">Mukhopadhyay, Samrat (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/22858">"Microfibres—An overview"</a>. <i>Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research</i>. <b>27</b>: 312. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0975-1025">0975-1025</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Chiengora">Chiengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco#Guanaco_fiber" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama#Fiber" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina_(material)" title="Pashmina (material)">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">Tendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a#Vicuña_wool" title="Vicuña">Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_fiber" title="Yak fiber">Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Chemical" title="Fiber">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regenerated_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerated fiber">Regenerated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" title="Artificial silk">Artificial silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_fiber" title="Milk fiber">Milk fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-synthetic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-synthetic fiber">Semi-synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">Diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1atex" title="Piñatex">Piñatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_triacetate" title="Cellulose triacetate">Triacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_fiber" title="Boron fiber">Boron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Polymer_fibers" title="Fiber">Polymer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technora" title="Technora">Technora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microfiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modacrylic" title="Modacrylic">Modacrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">UHMWPE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectran" title="Vectran">Vectran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylon" title="Vinylon">Vinylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">Vinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylon" title="Zylon">Zylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fibers" title="Category:Fibers">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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