CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c6c2eb49f1ce2a',cH: 'ce9kwb6WYawLI0dGxRO7i2RX4uNxBG4DsMd1TUj_r7Q-1741315575-1.2.1.1-DACRifDS9YOeyFEB3bXHGQBhB7ll.7NMaAFF_t45M95GgNCKYzqyBDlIF_jiwNEj',cUPMDTk: "\/15298\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=ynuRW.QGW_K4P4fS4Wf.QwQcFhS_mPWqJoaf8xI3r6g-1741315575-1.0.1.1-G15KP6wGYhkpJ9HDeMcC680QhVMLwNQQ1MqWTaT9wKY",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741315575',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15298\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=ynuRW.QGW_K4P4fS4Wf.QwQcFhS_mPWqJoaf8xI3r6g-1741315575-1.0.1.1-G15KP6wGYhkpJ9HDeMcC680QhVMLwNQQ1MqWTaT9wKY",md: "uxTCwOPg52xM4VXkRovIRZkYCyRXTs2hAs.1xpXtXpE-1741315575-1.2.1.1-NEbgBqM7F5hXjxg6X7azawuYzrY1suqPOnW6en0SCM.vr1mMJIvYBWZpFuMLfSeNRFLLSyZAhiseUIXXGZIHHX9nxd2CV6ZN8rIb9zeeeBdB3kXBA.jNj0H8gJpw3rDY1jZzBfJO6WQ_vStvatekS9v2UVE4HujWBOOc7hhdmSyaiXC24vq9Hpcr4Gdrd2jxu372mvAx6GgC3zgVxMC58Mku4HCFyJR1XoX.iGPbLpFpPW5DBBlmT3Qm6Rajn3henSy4Se1exUt3YYIHFFoqx6ZaiZ9SGwyG2WtISlnKLugJzzeXFFoInKwCR7hrhfoswCXu6WA7SEhrV5vWDxGvWO1OVUnCBb6Z9k7RH.5wwu81eyhsooghQ26zvwf0fSlEllHDUsZR40CyNB.gBEG1AMa6Lg8YXTliKm4O.8l1QGubgNrYeLRvv.tpnskl_wtSzsJl96imXstM1sYA7LbRWgOVaIqndJeAMT3a0ApQGZTa7mm233mCQ0ySVVtdyAHaCHj22gJnH6N15R5wv40.F3HW6Dq.Ipe654druTxnAUQ4FoLKKy7znE3NHN_S4J05QbNlKwx5SkttfB5A08q4HQp7xpizX_LWtcTIiy7zjfJ4z9j.suUeDuho0LVNXOZ9w76fb2hbq_toEKQkc4Xk1a45J7hIhkzYphH7zLe_cG3tFqU_C.6z0S_yeFiGtElPad8itjvFgDImYD5eNEp5U3VpdDr3TO8KJZaqCxjo0tYLT3s4MGNl_TtSmvL7Qahoalwq.F7gjtsu5kVyDCAdKc3qkhJLM_0ibsOoJINu4kwOh59Jrx7x9q5XJDQ335nU325qxOk2BgEQIEyFLdf4eAtFcKCHpv4KJebJuKPXFO5A.7nJkxWTIE070hR.wg4UKieqwhZ0q6nEWD5I4lEqy.V.0tHnN57IN1bfvCfNdmKZedlPITvIiyVujXD2CuXdYOjxKvyT.VKRC7pSrEFVmwF_SuX7x32z2senOB_sLQhb4rmEJzgsmWSsdXEot4CXXcS.USnDcZerVY4_mZwxgG5l46xhxefruEar5LNetuGK.WImrpc3cimUQHSVy3Y6HeHgy.2OoWZovBDn2WtAGK8sXyHEE8f.iqB872RKUY45gJvZuE75U0mthXrvFwZf0D8RtwIJW1TwoJAQw3lN.rxfiJvtetFJisFRVPPIDeToOEELTsewaw8Mv6iLs7bz.ky3508IapqbN_e35eUG4w",mdrd: "RU_PkK9kksNXzUCHyx65hpVsNH2Tr1yGWcMqoVD0JpU-1741315575-1.2.1.1-C1hIOFLjWAMBICr4hC_fGkZKbJ1sGenIcZhnm4ct3uT83fa2QLbJy3rzJ9jyVv3lUUOpdNmEQAx4pmx6l.KKfzWlx_1Cd7MdR_E9qtOVuH4c4rjCAgr.ULzStZZH3A1FC0NtRZXOHwPrejEvOyZe2TcQBXmJ.BFEhnzhYalnhL4YD9yuap_EICEAyinJZLaoAz2gJVUYKzob38BpJ4MukW8BL4G0zLyVOkTnwmAdLZsly36UFcIWIixhET31wbzUJaO82L7vU0f_VJOSKkaIN.EcMeWknd4KoHwzg.m8Xhfmgy_g6zzHXdIiNRNnm4e37xeXH.dCieOAL.LdfzHY0VEGeWZkj2Q49BTu2Il4lD42Y.DPaNs4lU.GBaQlFY5Tx62cPapyxO6zISwKRT0UmCBydmN2Eejo04vtaVL9hBxkaGTGhDCzS9G5eae13oe0mMvgtzSAEJIZakWoXDj2x4ZId23C6XrQ_z00kpYVo_KNwS6htJT33R8yPTNPaDsXWx8kX647E8kvAcTpDBa7NPjOXhi.K4Yn4XLEH_.sTLEnEWxBwRmH5jsoQhmfMuz.vJt7ysUuiTOFWPqneWJYjAxfWT.sSSjPnUWsjPY_3nBPA6ArTYrQT7DwB8Xuyg_wI942IMwPFnmJlT_XvU4IgdYHw4yvRxEHxaNMu4Oh.UR3jtQ7M9Af.B7fGmX6vdmAaTqjlZLcJr9Vaq1qQAnYuQM9dZLFPfOS7RK9.Me4G1IzH01rlQphQ143PFK8kBYhnG7TQGeAyIbjek7F8PzP4yPumLEOb28x6a7XszaVyH5ljpUlzwPNZZ.DOHfFS0oADaTKiXzoM2PM6T6NXe2lC0T.wLfYUEdZ724a4i2qIbqpn24ZXaVuUrtSxd_srPCoshL2JCJ998V9SN3nPhhDJlO1Q4nDMRRszwnZNRKBOH8SKETPDiu3fKAAWkkUv.uQ7ciI_OV83kSqFmtWFFLrPfLU6Jhi5FWAiiTUckpw8w3hHIPnrwJe.gjEni2IyaVhPw2FZJfT1mjSoMJqWTPkfpT.kZwnJzU6ehvB2s2UZxveBhr_.LHdtkG42TiLuevGm9hlASnSJlkMLsYd2RdPKZLcSkAAZ_Sl9SDOF0MO3UG02OP6S9Gmv_88WUNrCrmFPAnyHUv58I47wmkFzzBLw9L5.BoV51KT73ADY1UHObOu89Iyt.fpO3oUauzdrxZiLrWxjMFYhGbgcLMgQEtywQA_fQJJCBRhllsCi3ywgcF6VPnpIAhVi6N4lRhGlgYf6riBq745hKZGZk5hyaYxSo3LLznwJBvVBHI8BtJGvZGrB.boLOuVylDx04iaF0Arb_Va7w3_KrZ6JZKRDLjUPyRr1Zm9stLdmQBWmGnvk.116u9VjZh8Fr7HzKveylAVFzKo_T8aJ0Oru9QxBgRoTj7gHtI4A2Vx7sSIFR17Qk2CV.gA6vKAobX482F2x5YLzOzP3qhHBwIrXrars2hiLXmybuW_y4fps7r47IUWaCAW.DRnP03Zf47JXDSYb_0VMcPuvdq8ROn1VvTGUndaRe2M595vfMFJkMEV_e5kVYaDtN59yKzVGMgDVr04bgOUr2PljHktY_YO7cTUrjXriTtp6e5OI6JNdrQaLTjv9OSshCCylGfG6hxpquok7fUsQDv1Z6KKQs8w4iMVDEiOKUzpMGinfRzaDdv.EP3Zf7dQ8S4U7bOK.MG980hj4rzAcT0wAtWu7ACFmiSChhl2_jLrckr5afi.bGJ_7G0wMMWUVRQlUED8i_xX4WSzzpJSQuNKL_3rTg9BHx2jpUNpJXvYPYe.nJMXZwkX_tE02y5R_3lFM.9at_Ti7LQx71yY.jDs8ZK1IDbMdccuK5C933zhvEo6RXcaawTzRlW4eq7NvdXBzFvgvkDSWtORsIp1ndEJDoFrrR5dT1zU3C4hDowUo7F73XxZXUYqgSmO0LB3CKaEObh8JUk4.RXF.mnO"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c6c2eb49f1ce2a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15298\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ynuRW.QGW_K4P4fS4Wf.QwQcFhS_mPWqJoaf8xI3r6g-1741315575-1.0.1.1-G15KP6wGYhkpJ9HDeMcC680QhVMLwNQQ1MqWTaT9wKY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>