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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodinka-tragedie" title="Chodinka-tragedie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chodinka-tragedie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7" title="مأساة خودينكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مأساة خودينكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ходинска трагедия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ходинска трагедия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodynsk%C3%A1_trag%C3%A9die" title="Chodynská tragédie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chodynská tragédie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrophe_bei_den_Kr%C3%B6nungsfeierlichkeiten_des_Kaisers_Nikolaus_II." title="Katastrophe bei den Krönungsfeierlichkeiten des Kaisers Nikolaus II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katastrophe bei den Krönungsfeierlichkeiten des Kaisers Nikolaus II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia_de_Jodynka" title="Tragedia de Jodynka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tragedia de Jodynka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaspaniko_sur_%C4%A4odinka_kampo" title="Amaspaniko sur Ĥodinka kampo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amaspaniko sur Ĥodinka kampo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="فاجعه خودینکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فاجعه خودینکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_de_Khodynka" title="Tragédie de Khodynka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tragédie de Khodynka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%94%98%EC%B9%B4_%EC%B0%B8%EC%82%AC" title="호딘카 참사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호딘카 참사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="खोदिनका त्रासदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खोदिनका त्रासदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedia_di_Chodynka" title="Tragedia di Chodynka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tragedia di Chodynka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אסון חודינקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסון חודינקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodinkas_tra%C4%A3%C4%93dija" title="Hodinkas traģēdija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hodinkas traģēdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ходинска трагедија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ходинска трагедија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedi_Khodynka" title="Tragedi Khodynka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tragedi Khodynka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodynkatragedie" title="Chodynkatragedie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chodynkatragedie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panika_na_Chodynce" title="Panika na Chodynce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panika na Chodynce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia_de_Khod%C3%ADnka" title="Tragédia de Khodínka – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tragédia de Khodínka" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Давка на Ходынском поле – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Давка на Ходынском поле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hod%C4%B1nka_izdiham%C4%B1" title="Hodınka izdihamı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hodınka izdihamı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ходинська трагедія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ходинська трагедія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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The crush happened during the festivities after the <a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronations in Russia">coronation</a> of the last <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Russia" title="Emperor of Russia">Emperor of Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II</a>. While 1,282 <a href="/wiki/Corpse" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpse">corpses</a> were collected from the scene,<sup id="cite_ref-corpses_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpses-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> injury estimates range widely from 1,200 to 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-corpses_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpses-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1995_Ananich_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995_Ananich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicholas II and his wife <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra</a> were crowned Emperor and Empress of Russia on 26 May [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 14 May] 1896. Four days later, a banquet was going to be held for the people at Khodynka Field. In the area a <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">theatres</a>, 150 <a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">buffets</a> for distribution of gifts, and 20 <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">pubs</a> were built for the celebrations. Near the celebration square was a field that had a <a href="/wiki/Ravine" title="Ravine">ravine</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">gullies</a>. On the evening of 29 May, people who had heard rumours of coronation gifts began to gather in anticipation. The gifts which everyone were to receive were a <a href="/wiki/Bread_roll" title="Bread roll">bread roll</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">gingerbread</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Khodynka_Cup_of_Sorrows" title="Khodynka Cup of Sorrows">commemorative cup</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crush">Crush</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crush"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At about 6 a.m. several thousand people (estimates reached 500,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) were already gathered on the field. Rumours spread that there was not enough beer or pretzels for everybody, and that the enamel cups contained gold coins. A police force of 1,800 men failed to maintain civil order, and a catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Crowd_crush" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowd crush">crowd crush</a> occurred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_toll">Death toll</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death toll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 1,282 corpses were collected from the scene, and the injured numbered between 9,000 and 20,000, according to different estimates.<sup id="cite_ref-corpses_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpses-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another commonly cited figure reports "more than 2,600 casualties, including 1,389 deaths".<sup id="cite_ref-1995_Ananich_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995_Ananich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the victims were trapped in a ditch and were trampled or suffocated there. Despite the tragedy, the program of festivities continued as planned elsewhere on the large field, with many people unaware of what had happened. The Emperor and Empress made an appearance in front of the crowds on the balcony of the Tsar's Pavilion in the middle of the field around 2 p.m. By that time, the traces of the incident had been cleaned up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tsar's_response"><span id="Tsar.27s_response"></span>Tsar's response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tsar's response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:295px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The parties, receptions and balls after the Coronation were darkened by the catastrophe at Khondinka [sic], where 2,000 people were crushed to death. The same day as the catastrophe, I was taking a walk along the Khondinka [sic] and I met many groups of people coming back from that site and carrying the Tsar's gifts. The strange thing, though, was that not one person mentioned the catastrophe, and I did not hear about it until the next morning, at the Governor General's palace, where General Prefect of Police Vlasovski brought a special report. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Serge_Alexandrovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich">Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich</a> was very depressed by what had happened; he gave Vlasovski orders to return to him every hour with detailed reports on the progress of the investigation into the causes of the disaster. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="center-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Andreyevich_Volkov" title="Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov">Alexei Volkov</a><sup id="cite_ref-timels_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timels-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>A festive ball had been scheduled that night at the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="France–Russia relations">French embassy</a>. When Nicholas heard of the stampede, "he did not display the slightest emotion and that night attended a ball given in his honor".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia">Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich</a> warned the tsar not to go to the French ball, but Nicholas II attended nonetheless. <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a>, China's <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Commissioner_(China)" title="Imperial Commissioner (China)">Imperial Commissioner</a> on a European tour, was the most notable witness. Li was amused and said a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese emperor">Chinese emperor</a> would not have attended the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-corpses_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpses-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government distributed a large amount of aid to the families of the dead, and a number of minor officials were dismissed. The negligence and the tone-deaf response of the imperial authorities, however, caused further public indignation. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia">Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich</a> wrote in his memoirs that "The radiant smile on the face of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Sergei_Alexandrovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia">Grand Duke Sergei</a> prompted foreigners to remark that the Romanovs lacked judgment."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, then <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Moscow">Governor-General of Moscow</a>, became known as "the Prince of Khodynka" and the Emperor received the nickname of "Nicholas the Bloody".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholas II wrote in his diary:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (October 2024)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>19th of May. Saturday. Until now, everything was going, thank God, like clockwork, but today there was a great mishap. The crowd staying overnight at Khodynka, awaiting the start of the distribution of lunch and mugs pushed against buildings and there was a terrible crush, and awful to say trampled around 1300 people!! I found out about it at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours before the report by [minister of war] <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vannovsky" title="Pyotr Vannovsky">Vannovski</a>; a disgusting impression was left by this news. At <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> we had lunch and then Alix [Czarina] and I went to Khodynka to be present at this sad "national holiday." Actually there was nothing going on: we looked from the pavilion at the huge crowd that surrounded the stage from which the orchestra played all the time the anthem and "Glory." Went to <a href="/wiki/Petrovsky_Palace" title="Petrovsky Palace">Petrovsky</a> [palace], where at the gate I received several delegations and then entered the yard. Here dinner was served under four tents for all township heads. I had to make a speech, and then another for the assembled marshals of the nobility. After going around the table, we left for the Kremlin. Dinner at Mama's at 8. Went to the ball at [French ambassador] <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Olivier_Lannes_de_Montebello" title="Gustave Olivier Lannes de Montebello">Montebello</a>'s. It was very nicely arranged, but the heat was unbearable. After dinner, left at 2.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> was so moved by the tragedy that he wrote the epic tale "<a href="/wiki/Khodynka:_An_Incident_of_the_Coronation_of_Nicholas_II" title="Khodynka: An Incident of the Coronation of Nicholas II">Khodynka: An Incident of the Coronation of Nicholas II</a>". </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chodynka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spectators gathered at Khodynka"><img alt="Spectators gathered at Khodynka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Chodynka.jpg/120px-Chodynka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Chodynka.jpg/180px-Chodynka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Chodynka.jpg/240px-Chodynka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2155" data-file-height="1559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spectators gathered at Khodynka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Victims of the stampede at Khodynka"><img alt="Victims of the stampede at Khodynka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg/120px-Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg/180px-Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg/240px-Khodynka_stampede_victims.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Victims of the stampede at Khodynka</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Orthodox church on Khodynka Field commemorating the incident"><img alt="An Orthodox church on Khodynka Field commemorating the incident" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg/120px-Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg/180px-Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg/240px-Church_in_Hodynskoe_Pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Orthodox church on Khodynka Field commemorating the incident</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-corpses-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-corpses_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFerro1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ferro" title="Marc Ferro">Ferro, Marc</a> (1991). <i>Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars</i>. Translated by Pearce, Brian. <a href="/wiki/Harmondsworth" title="Harmondsworth">Harmondsworth</a>: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking UK</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>38. <q>A total of 1,282 corpses were collected from the scene, and the injured numbered between 9,000 and 20,000, according to different estimates.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicholas+II%3A+Last+of+the+Tsars&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=Viking+UK&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span> Translated from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerro1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ferro" title="Marc Ferro">Ferro, Marc</a> (1990). <i>Nicholas II</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">Payot</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicholas+II&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Payot&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1995_Ananich-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1995_Ananich_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1995_Ananich_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1995_Ananich_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnan'ichGanelin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Anan'ich, Boris V.; Ganelin, Rafail Sh. (1995). "Nicholas II". <i>Russian Studies in History</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2FRSH1061-1983340368">10.2753/RSH1061-1983340368</a>. <q>resulted in more than 2,600 casualties, including 1,389 deaths</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Studies+in+History&rft.atitle=Nicholas+II&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FRSH1061-1983340368&rft.aulast=Anan%27ich&rft.aufirst=Boris+V.&rft.au=Ganelin%2C+Rafail+Sh.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeyda1960" class="citation book cs1">Leyda (1960). <i>Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film</i>. London: George Allen and Unwin. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9894793">9894793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kino%3A+A+History+of+the+Russian+and+Soviet+Film&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=George+Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9894793&rft.au=Leyda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timels-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timels_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717061155/http://timelines.com/1896/5/18/khodynka-tragedy">"Khodynka Tragedy"</a>. <i>Timelines</i>. 17 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timelines.com/1896/5/18/khodynka-tragedy">the original</a> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timelines&rft.atitle=Khodynka+Tragedy&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimelines.com%2F1896%2F5%2F18%2Fkhodynka-tragedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Price1966" class="citation thesis cs1">de Price, Kent (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191108191720/https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3084&context=etd"><i>Diary of Nicholas II, 1917–1918, an annotated translation</i></a>. <i>University of Montana</i> (Thesis). p. 31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3084&context=etd">the original</a> on 8 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Diary+of+Nicholas+II%2C+1917%E2%80%931918%2C+an+annotated+translation&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=de+Price&rft.aufirst=Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.umt.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3084%26context%3Detd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">"Сияющая улыбка на лице великого князя Сергея заставляла иностранцев высказывать предположения, что Романовы лишились рассудка."</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikhailovich1933" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Alexander_Mikhailovich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia">Mikhailovich, Aleksandr</a> (1933). <bdi lang="ru">Книга воспоминаний</bdi> [<i>Book of Memories</i>] (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Sovremennik. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1991_20240506/page/143">143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Sovremennik&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Mikhailovich&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnan'ichGanelin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Anan'ich, Boris V.; Ganelin, Rafail Sh. (1995). "Nicholas II". <i>Russian Studies in History</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2FRSH1061-1983340368">10.2753/RSH1061-1983340368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Studies+in+History&rft.atitle=Nicholas+II&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FRSH1061-1983340368&rft.aulast=Anan%27ich&rft.aufirst=Boris+V.&rft.au=Ganelin%2C+Rafail+Sh.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univer.omsk.su/omsk/socstuds/nicholas2/4.html">"Трагедия на Ходынском поле"</a> [The tragedy on the Khodynka Field]. <i>Император Николай II</i> (in Russian). Omsk State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Сергей Александрович с тех пор получил в народе титул "князя Ходынского", а Николай II стал именоваться «Кровавым».</bdi> [Sergei Aleksandrovich was thenceforth called the "Prince of Khodynka" amongst the people, while Nicholas II known as called "Nicholas the Bloody".]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+II&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univer.omsk.su%2Fomsk%2Fsocstuds%2Fnicholas2%2F4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanilova" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Danilova, Darya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rus-sky.com/history/library/diaris/1896.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Дневник Николая II</bdi></a> [Diary of Nicholas II]. <i>rus-sky.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rus-sky.com&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+II&rft.aulast=Danilova&rft.aufirst=Darya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rus-sky.com%2Fhistory%2Flibrary%2Fdiaris%2F1896.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2003" class="citation journal cs1">Baker, Helen (2003). "Monarchy discredited? Reactions to the Khodynka coronation catastrophe of 1896". <i>Revolutionary Russia</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09546540308575763">10.1080/09546540308575763</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revolutionary+Russia&rft.atitle=Monarchy+discredited%3F+Reactions+to+the+Khodynka+coronation+catastrophe+of+1896&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09546540308575763&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiltatuli2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miltatuli, Pyotr (2017). <bdi lang="ru">Россия в эпоху царствование Николая 2</bdi> [<i>Russia in the reign of Nicholas 2</i>] (in Russian). Volume 2. Moscow: Русский издательский центр имени святого Василия Великого.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+2&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Miltatuli&rft.aufirst=Pyotr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldenburg2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Oldenburg" title="Sergey Oldenburg">Oldenburg, Sergey</a> (2022). <bdi lang="ru">Царствование императора Николая 2</bdi> [<i>The Reign of Emperor Nicholas 2</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: центрополиграф. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-227-09905-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-227-09905-1"><bdi>978-5-227-09905-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F+2&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-5-227-09905-1&rft.aulast=Oldenburg&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhodynka+Tragedy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khodynka_Tragedy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexanderpalace.org/volkov/4.html">Memories of Alexei Volkov</a> on the Khodynka Tragedy—view from inside the palace</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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<li><span class="nowrap">1876 <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Theatre_fire" title="Brooklyn Theatre fire">Brooklyn Theatre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1883 <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Hall_disaster" title="Victoria Hall disaster">Victoria Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1896 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khodynka</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1902 <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_Baptist_Church_stampede" title="Shiloh Baptist Church stampede">Shiloh Baptist Church</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903 <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Theatre_fire" title="Iroquois Theatre fire">Iroquois Theatre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908 <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Public_Hall_disaster" title="Barnsley Public Hall disaster">Barnsley Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913 <a href="/wiki/Italian_Hall_disaster" title="Italian Hall disaster">Italian Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927 <a href="/wiki/Laurier_Palace_Theatre_fire" title="Laurier Palace Theatre fire">Laurier Palace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943 <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_tube_station#Wartime_disaster" title="Bethnal Green tube station">Bethnal Green</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946 <a href="/wiki/Burnden_Park_disaster" title="Burnden Park disaster">Burnden Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954 <a href="/wiki/1954_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Kumbh Mela stampede">Kumbh Mela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956 <a href="/wiki/1956_Yahiko_Shrine_Stampede" title="1956 Yahiko Shrine Stampede">Yahiko Shrine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964 <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Nacional_disaster" title="Estadio Nacional disaster">Estadio Nacional</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965 <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_toros_El_Progreso_disaster" title="Plaza de toros El Progreso disaster">El Progreso Bullring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967 <a href="/wiki/Kayseri_Atat%C3%BCrk_Stadium_disaster" title="Kayseri Atatürk Stadium disaster">Atatürk Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971 <a href="/wiki/1971_Ibrox_disaster" title="1971 Ibrox disaster">Ibrox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974 <a href="/wiki/Zamalek_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamalek disaster">Zamalek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977 <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_61st_Regiment_Farm_fire" title="Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire">Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979 <a href="/wiki/The_Who_concert_disaster" title="The Who concert disaster">The Who concert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981 <a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium_disaster" title="Karaiskakis Stadium disaster">Karaiskakis Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982 <a href="/wiki/Luzhniki_disaster" title="Luzhniki disaster">Luzhniki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985 <a href="/wiki/Heysel_Stadium_disaster" title="Heysel Stadium disaster">Heysel Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987 <a href="/wiki/1987_Shanghai_stampede" title="1987 Shanghai stampede">Shanghai Lujiazui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988 <a href="/wiki/1988_Dasharath_Stadium_disaster" title="1988 Dasharath Stadium disaster">Dasharath Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989 <a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">Tbilisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989 <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_disaster" title="Hillsborough disaster">Hillsborough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Mecca_tunnel_tragedy" title="1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991 <a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_Stadium_disaster" title="Oppenheimer Stadium disaster">Oppenheimer Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992 <a href="/wiki/Mahamaham_stampede" title="Mahamaham stampede">Mahamaham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992 <a href="/wiki/Stade_Armand-Cesari_disaster" title="Stade Armand-Cesari disaster">Bastia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993 <a href="/wiki/Lan_Kwai_Fong#New_Years_Eve_tragedy" title="Lan Kwai Fong">Lan Kwai Fong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Hajj_stampede" title="1994 Hajj stampede">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994 <a href="/wiki/1994_Gowari_stampede" title="1994 Gowari stampede">Gowari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996 <a href="/wiki/1996_Haridwar_and_Ujjain_stampedes" title="1996 Haridwar and Ujjain stampedes">Haridwar and Ujjain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997 <a href="/wiki/Uphaar_Cinema_fire" title="Uphaar Cinema fire">Uphaar Cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998 <a href="/wiki/1998_Hajj_stampede" title="1998 Hajj stampede">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999 <a href="/wiki/1999_Sabarimala_stampede" title="1999 Sabarimala stampede">Sabarimala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999 <a href="/wiki/Nyamiha_stampede" title="Nyamiha stampede">Nyamiha (Minsk)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2000 <a href="/wiki/Throb_nightclub_disaster" title="Throb nightclub disaster">Durban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/2001_Hajj_stampede" title="2001 Hajj stampede">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium_disaster" title="Ellis Park Stadium disaster">Ellis Park Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/Accra_Sports_Stadium_disaster" title="Accra Sports Stadium disaster">Accra Sports Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001 <a href="/wiki/Akashi_pedestrian_bridge_accident" title="Akashi pedestrian bridge accident">Akashi pedestrian bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003 <a href="/wiki/E2_nightclub_stampede" title="E2 nightclub stampede">E2 nightclub</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003 <a href="/wiki/The_Station_nightclub_fire" title="The Station nightclub fire">The Station nightclub</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Hajj_stampede" title="2004 Hajj stampede">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Miyun_stampede" title="2004 Miyun stampede">Miyun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005 <a href="/wiki/Mandher_Devi_temple_stampede" title="Mandher Devi temple stampede">Mandher Devi temple</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_Al-Aimmah_Bridge_disaster" title="2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster">Al-Aaimmah bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_November_Chennai_stampede" title="2005 November Chennai stampede">Chennai (November)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_December_Chennai_stampede" title="2005 December Chennai stampede">Chennai (December)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Hajj_stampede" title="2006 Hajj stampede">Mecca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006 <a href="/wiki/PhilSports_Stadium_stampede" title="PhilSports Stadium stampede">PhilSports Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Bandung_stampede" title="2008 Bandung stampede">Bandung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Naina_Devi_temple_stampede" title="2008 Naina Devi temple stampede">Naina Devi temple</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Jodhpur_stampede" title="2008 Jodhpur stampede">Jodhpur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny_stampede" title="2009 Houphouët-Boigny stampede">Houphouët-Boigny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009 <a href="/wiki/Mawazine_stampede" title="Mawazine stampede">Mawazine</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Kor_Royal_Cup_stampede" title="Kor Royal Cup stampede">Kor Royal Cup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_stampede" title="Pratapgarh stampede">Pratapgarh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Love_Parade_disaster" title="Love Parade disaster">Love Parade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010 <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh_stampede" title="Phnom Penh stampede">Phnom Penh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011 <a href="/wiki/2011_Sabarimala_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Sabarimala stampede">Sabarimala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012 <a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Stadium_riot" title="Port Said Stadium riot">Port Said Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012 <a href="/wiki/Satsanga_Deoghar_disaster" title="Satsanga Deoghar disaster">Satsanga Deoghar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny_stampede" title="2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede">Houphouët-Boigny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/Kiss_nightclub_fire" title="Kiss nightclub fire">Kiss nightclub</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Kumbh Mela stampede">Kumbh Mela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013 <a href="/wiki/2013_Madhya_Pradesh_stampede" title="2013 Madhya Pradesh stampede">Madhya Pradesh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Mumbai_stampede" title="2014 Mumbai stampede">Mumbai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Stade_Tata_Rapha%C3%ABl_disaster" title="2014 Stade Tata Raphaël disaster">Stade Tata Raphaël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Patna_stampede" title="2014 Patna stampede">Patna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Multan_stampede" title="2014 Multan stampede">Multan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/Kwekwe_stadium_stampede" title="Kwekwe stadium stampede">Kwekwe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Shanghai_stampede" title="2014 Shanghai stampede">Shanghai Bund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/30_June_Stadium_stampede" title="30 June Stadium stampede">30 June Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_Haiti_Carnival_stampede" title="2015 Haiti Carnival stampede">Haiti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/2015_Mina_stampede" title="2015 Mina stampede">Mina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015 <a href="/wiki/Colectiv_nightclub_fire" title="Colectiv nightclub fire">Colectiv nightclub</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Turin_stampede" title="2017 Turin stampede">Turin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Mumbai_stampede" title="2017 Mumbai stampede">Mumbai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018 <a href="/wiki/El_Para%C3%ADso_stampede" title="El Paraíso stampede">Caracas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018 <a href="/wiki/Corinaldo_stampede" title="Corinaldo stampede">Corinaldo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019 <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="Antananarivo stampede">Antananarivo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019 <a href="/wiki/Karbala_stampede" title="Karbala stampede">Karbala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019 <a href="/wiki/Neutro_Shorty_concert_stampede" title="Neutro Shorty concert stampede">Caracas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2020 <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Funeral of Qasem Soleimani">Kerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020 <a href="/wiki/2020_Maligawatta_stampede" title="2020 Maligawatta stampede">Maligawatta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020 <a href="/wiki/Los_Olivos_stampede" title="Los Olivos stampede">Los Olivos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Meron_crowd_crush" title="2021 Meron crowd crush">Meron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021 <a href="/wiki/Astroworld_Festival_crowd_crush" title="Astroworld Festival crowd crush">Astroworld Festival</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple_stampede" title="Vaishno Devi Temple stampede">Vaishno Devi Temple</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9_stadium_disaster" title="Yaoundé stadium disaster">Yaoundé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Port_Harcourt_stampede" title="2022 Port Harcourt stampede">Port Harcourt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gelora_Bandung_Lautan_Api_stampede" title="2022 Gelora Bandung Lautan Api stampede">GBLA Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Giza_church_fire" title="Giza church fire">Giza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Kanjuruhan_Stadium_disaster" title="Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster">Kanjuruhan Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022 <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Halloween_crowd_crush" title="Seoul Halloween crowd crush">Seoul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Basra_International_Stadium_stampede" title="2023 Basra International Stadium stampede">Basra International Stadium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Pakistan_ration_distribution_stampedes" title="2023 Pakistan ration distribution stampedes">Pakistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/Sanaa_crowd_crush" title="Sanaa crowd crush">Sanaa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_crowd_crush" title="San Salvador crowd crush">San Salvador</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023 <a href="/wiki/2023_Brazzaville_crowd_crush" title="2023 Brazzaville crowd crush">Brazzaville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/2024_Hathras_crowd_crush" title="2024 Hathras crowd crush">Hathras</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/2024_Mumbai_stampede" title="2024 Mumbai stampede">Mumbai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/2024_Nz%C3%A9r%C3%A9kor%C3%A9_stampede" title="2024 Nzérékoré stampede">Nzérékoré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024 <a href="/wiki/Ibadan_Christmas_funfair_crowd_crush" title="Ibadan Christmas funfair crowd crush">Ibadan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2025 <a href="/wiki/2025_Prayag_Maha_Kumbh_Mela_crowd_crush" title="2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela crowd crush">Prayagraj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2025 <a href="/wiki/2025_New_Delhi_railway_station_stampede" title="2025 New Delhi railway station stampede">New Delhi</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output 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