CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a5ae9bfffcf0',cH: 'wWjiKkFTKMmW3kqSDp1wEZG_xCgOkPFcrVDw7OCMwyY-1739783457-1.2.1.1-v_PxN1bIgK6I8hB9RRye1ZGVHLkhO6JKurOfbu3m5QC_xrjf_prwDulPfn7P0duz',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=surface%20tension%20force&__cf_chl_tk=c7i1wLWDoSK45Kr7PV44Hm_bL22MR_gjLpj.b_wRTAI-1739783457-1.0.1.1-3J_EWW6MpryoKojSP1DQoc_4dJmcJ60oXH1DWRuRFRg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783457',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=surface%20tension%20force&__cf_chl_f_tk=c7i1wLWDoSK45Kr7PV44Hm_bL22MR_gjLpj.b_wRTAI-1739783457-1.0.1.1-3J_EWW6MpryoKojSP1DQoc_4dJmcJ60oXH1DWRuRFRg",md: "BR0pMAtIb032q4XnbZtMr3KKHClD4LeEfVrmPBXJspE-1739783457-1.2.1.1-1RfuRZ4cZREkryMOvlEmxe0oyy7OqqNI1mO4THJGviAZh6Bry2NnM9VGv1zxAxhWBQp779QNrI86bLoJ9123VY7GGFrYqrue26LwnScEqvkdrDggJbkSzhZv0NbgLSegCBMI760yjgY95tQ31B5tySxhJ0qWZ3unIbmykaTf1_9ZeIV5HqWwgRVd8BcyBa5zb.7ziEEiVPCq8ZdQAtZzGYKeGiUPw6Q5wDnU1KYBWO6mkGCUz10gFy2yi0xn9eFJt4KXcNOiCCiWBZh39.hKbzFzyGgpWs1NWLKBMJEMtlPn7v34StzjmKD8ZcYLUyXyKWg4oB_b_g1fKR1CLMKOFuLjyPHDMSoHbvnRHJtXsH.zD0JDNhnto1_MbWRxt9nZCzV8z8KIMYA11SexQ5aOfFyu0H2hFGn7v63B_TJhkM5hDxC8voNH7mi1G74zs0g2ZuLCDL90IEx8Obn.wS8AV3pzt_UyNoNh83eGE22KRhgIWLa.zFlg0oJ0bN2rtnYYl97Zk1XtnOQCL5X7mihwj6KsOvfGNpSjB75trz2ZeRd3t8xjD6AZBmyZpS4eDRoZbaK9XDo5zJ_d5dCE2SGD2ZLTcN8S6W9kPlP4VKYq0zvatzA74wqvngphZ0h8Oi6Pu2Zu2vk.N1LGTxkOb2cb7F8U_tDQwD638SKsQU18AUa85iUChVabvEg0bqLNt38c2mGGhHLp85Dxfr5tKzTJK8_OdB292h2gEYlb3SYY747pf7sEZDnANUOpGK.kO3SvTOiKdw_1LTfbjYXU4lPhum9wvRQyyMLrGTrgKL0RmTrDX6KK6BMVD_7IxSp4zKcXAbgniZKsKhrk5JMcO1k4mj1kJHaRHdo0AFQ1zsckEyd0W1LgcgBA_AVugDsmA40VzXfZN_U5t6wgCffBs4RkDq1ZXGa70TGJMuBqwbh03BNi2g9phzUOXg54qfjY_4o9_Xb4.gR.NEbnU4lFbuCC.4sFRbXchl5dhvIai_mL.OSNZfwmRba0NoKoKL73.YkLZ6V.KSu4xk5k9rAuCBa.J4ndJLzkj28.69LSojtkmzf2MWM9t4N5Ljj06jYM1ZgWK8R03uBSKBxYgLvR6DasafEcrpoUHcQg2ltRVOBiqze8myv8ymzJz9Du43.LYgIJk8EpRN2_WlAY85IKOgiIt2bmCi4zxZKhUmyEgRKb99QBRw.U1sHpQvXpv8oL_IUxV9gAd4ldH9Z3t4l7ILVVbtAOdKsZHvZ4L_aTw5IC.kLz1GurLgusChIx1nO8o7ov_Gchp.Cr5fE5ID0j3EPMyMVddaRFDVkX1OcRqeGIeFUn7OQshqx3Rcc_3l7XcmTg6ifIDcMPvnVFvSJV7q8sJ2ey8WnrErk_qvG.AJ0LTKyu5ajLyaxKgChZtjxdrNbS_bM3ZwC94FkmQG05ZqHfigQ_zDPV7dboTcQJuB9qIQhlNz3cQUYTOESxexlKjNYXPwzIap1xtAJ_th7mTc_8e7CypuRhRallSYxJSTydOrSyJBAwPKobYMNnCyeI3h2zE0mvTOtDXgJHIyacLsnD.z5qndbKLcGHmDEX_QyxeH_TZ7QWbAp6hxExj9KdgKuAYQ0IUPsipnNyJKW3_cg3bHICwIGC_bBn8Up_V2J20ERtyhKQzlf7chfKzBGeJR615Et1vFWmvoARVGjeyBVfMiQe2szbgdYVgdus_RcIO.hvg2IgAWzoVF7sv0WEgAqKK4wkymWw.VzSdfpQWiWsaSq5HzsY2dzR1b3sCDOExpVJayVUTO4pMm7Hj2lKQ_urQ2JtDaK2uHuJE1tjSPzNWeyWzzKXWMc553tRLMX_USA8SJNvzp6RIqKWeqRDwQHxXe4.Ak6qH0bdgF7qcr54zHv99ep9WkIZZAZMm7rSmnKYwrAUE7fk3Ag36OIZquW4wvmjB0YaKLOCmt0XAPw5FIHKwD5C_KDK34HAgvWyGa7zADbmlb5EQxqtfOdrzvdn",mdrd: ".OuXzCXsb7xuddxucsaWbu2Kv44FySilBkpRptGg_xI-1739783457-1.2.1.1-8VVtO0Tu2J.XyS33KFzJxC6PJbdfZDn_KCE1vQYCsJLfP1suNlMrBvCfFfaUd_oGYRkJXX06qV8tPxARfD3sCTcLQA2sKPlPDtPLpsO7hg2DiChXXn59M34J3RFrsqQHEiaKpqLHveKoqJi0jBGD_Kv_ZPfdt0ph4SDmU0YnzPI3iHbYARxDKpBRly6MQcvIJ7n9jq8ei9SSThvcruebVtp_B_WUSDGYNz0iUDvMwDKWJLewnpJlHZl_Wm1IpEXUaOb93ZoQi1DdmSEfqwC1wFJzlH2ivg1gvXlwiuJh8Ro2qO73ORQPJbuiKamLdCTeLQfvlu9SG91F3Ed2XWRVOW9RO.JkcoMorX9E0JxdeQEz80iqYFXoUZisR.SrsEAaiZinwMuQSndxMm32P2TelqpMl5Oxyw8uzwxr4xJw_.Gz9Yv41t88yU_fy4OXKh2y9u8ujwuxxK.qnaNClUACIWO7amQKeaF91kEnyAPdJ7KfRIFffEWHwi8.uvK2bKDFweoVx3lZdQFDaa5KsdLgU5GQM2q2LxF9EhH2vEuBe2LQJuQyHQ.tDOktljZp1yx50hv7lDUtDQ2pqfYQZEDUUM2O9EHXDNtQcGgArvERDOGSgkqYUgDHAwiu0kuWwV.DPqZjcLzZuc8leBWR7aokKxW98MArvbkYbFPkwsJb.EV54Ozkr6QXpK9BlTAM2F7rGCGxf8ObTLS56bGzW1vvTTQ4zpiNtsg6AYq0ZFA52p1yb4Jv7Vp9hvypwC0p_a8CtPxSW1jetHEyLPzjGRVl0z5Gfho8sVUOlUyXMok12Bfq_Xf18ck7dYl0tGSofpbt8dkNO.4MZxfOiykD4UzHiY_o4nBKR0JT2FcChysAIkze2dsqLYaFLbAfOjAeC7C_d6jgnQM2IF5ZcHKOlawxrlF05HXCnDjufUMOD853WrB_qRk240S3BcvP1vkBo6edZfkKkUKXM1Kg6bo7cDqzifcqwNS8VsxrQAk4KhNjizgLQEFG_0mLLJJAUd4L.NnagimhfwSINI9kx8j3KYjq0oUimGRdNSDtz9CDYFNO9ifL43vrNPumEnRdfdEIaynL9.1Ui8JwSUgU4pNSoe2Ql3DToBRpZXx5BtPvp69rKTaTs8GLormLyWfsW7EFcFVMW1XZL2oW1XpN2vh4MhnHUZmWVsuNQ9zWQ8muTMSD_prH.lTPkjCet_cVMNUd6W3SpsGWIZs14XcYIEXEphjAkmoPC2RDHyioRYrUqvYKzmAAgabfOFAz2xOhveIixmih6GJ17ENK5O6AszXT4uwKc1zEkT3pqGGz._xi2fAwA4xNz14NjDgN8fpoXnSkEOieR4dEm_UVxQylKLxvVgCDDiQN2rBje7n.zNwMEOxhnTpkizs9sM49EjgCzltEIhJUCrQl4ZtjdG3Bczh1OFBIwfXth0VmZ8icUMp.p5sEq.Ljg846XBQUPJTjjjqVUnjTAMcOgAHwY1uPYDDG1eOwAgm7RcLBGvVn.dDxuQill3mSf.8dt77jdp1D78U5TpBbLmUdgKh9Yd8ilXO3xsLyqrHO23p0MbQu1ITketXCw0Q0jupyjLIxb4IrMQxiQL7iFIbKn5s9Y3_Wh0lw3IsUfk9J5BE38G697d9k3Xj9J.4NyckNTEU.adB4Vrz.X4G8ooJ8tMMMwvG.wrp6qserRSLrmCYt6P2N1H936uTEcsnkl03WlNixekd2SqdnGEnhCQLx6jaaYuSEr37naY6lLzQqLogWRBC5F7Slc5IAUkHILfYDpCsRPxbm_26R47tC1FMGeRwXgVRuY3dgppbj2RNFEfpT0n_VI9Wqh6ya2lJSOgHPnj6E9hYRALwz4DRwtarlAo1i3o6s5sIOL.dVwBftohsYw8o0s2GfTn0D0wjGfWzA_JS6DTO8gfsxYGPt0YcVeAE4KbH_I3RGnpfVq9HPAw8RHp0ncePRjbMGkposneKzJ_S2Nfi14pC3zowQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a5ae9bfffcf0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=surface%20tension%20force&__cf_chl_rt_tk=c7i1wLWDoSK45Kr7PV44Hm_bL22MR_gjLpj.b_wRTAI-1739783457-1.0.1.1-3J_EWW6MpryoKojSP1DQoc_4dJmcJ60oXH1DWRuRFRg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>