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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Development_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Development history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memory_modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory_modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Memory modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Updates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Updates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Updates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Updates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Updates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Updates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Windows_3.0_with_Multimedia_Extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_3.0_with_Multimedia_Extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_3.0_with_Multimedia_Extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>System requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Windows 3.0</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_3.0" title="ويندوز 3.0 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويندوز 3.0" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A7%A9.%E0%A7%A6" title="উইন্ডোজ ৩.০ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইন্ডোজ ৩.০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_3.0" title="Microsoft Windows 3.0 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Microsoft Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_3.0" title="Microsoft Windows 3.0 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Microsoft Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%DB%B3%D9%AB%DB%B0" title="ویندوز ۳٫۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویندوز ۳٫۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B0_3.0" title="윈도우 3.0 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈도우 3.0" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A5%A9.%E0%A5%A6" title="विंडोज़ ३.० – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विंडोज़ ३.०" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A5%A9.%E0%A5%A6" title="विंडोज ३.० – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विंडोज ३.०" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_3.0" title="Microsoft Windows 3.0 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Microsoft Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_3.0" title="விண்டோஸ் 3.0 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விண்டோஸ் 3.0" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_3.0" title="วินโดวส์ 3.0 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วินโดวส์ 3.0" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Windows 3.0" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q491546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Third major release of Microsoft Windows</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Multimedia Extensions" redirects here. For the instruction set, see <a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX (instruction set)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Windows 3.0</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Version of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> operating system</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Windows 3.0 logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg/61px-Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg/91px-Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg/122px-Windows_logo_and_wordmark_-_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_3.0_workspace.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Windows_3.0_workspace.png/300px-Windows_3.0_workspace.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Windows_3.0_workspace.png/450px-Windows_3.0_workspace.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Windows_3.0_workspace.png/600px-Windows_3.0_workspace.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Windows 3.0 screenshot</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source software">Closed source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#RTM" title="Software release life cycle">Released to<br />manufacturing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">May 22, 1990<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990-05-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.00a with Multimedia Extensions / October 20, 1991<span class="noprint">; 33 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991-10-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_2.1" title="Windows 2.1">Windows 2.1</a> (1988)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a> (1992)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Unsupported as of December 31, 2001<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">December 31, 2001</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windows 3.0</b> is the third major release of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, launched on May 22, 1990. It introduces a new <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) that represents <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">applications</a> as clickable <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icons</a>, instead of the list of <a href="/wiki/File_name" class="mw-redirect" title="File name">file names</a> in its predecessors. Later updates expand capabilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> support for sound recording and playback, and support for <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROMs</a>. </p><p>Windows 3.0 is the first version of Windows to perform well both critically and commercially, and was considered a major improvement over its previous <a href="/wiki/Windows_2.0" title="Windows 2.0">Windows 2.0</a> offering. Its GUI was considered a challenger to those used and popularized by <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Amiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore Amiga">Commodore Amiga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other praised features are the improved <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a>, customizability, and especially the utilitarian memory management that troubled the users of Windows 3.0's predecessors. </p><p>The software was a major success, achieving 10 million sales. However, Microsoft was criticized by third-party developers for bundling its separate software with the operating environment, which they viewed as an <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">anticompetitive practice</a>. It was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1</a> in 1992. Support for Windows 3.0 ended on December 31, 2001. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_history">Development history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before Windows 3.0, a partnership bundled <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s personal computers with Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> since 1981. Microsoft had previous attempted to develop a successful operating environment called Windows,<sup id="cite_ref-et2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which IBM declined for its product line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199860_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199860-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As MS-DOS's fifth iteration approached, IBM demanded a version that could run in "<a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a>", to allow multiple programs at once, among other benefits. MS-DOS was originally designed to run in <a href="/wiki/Real_mode" title="Real mode">real mode</a> and run only one program at a time, due to the limitations of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">Intel 8088</a> microprocessor. Intel had later released the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a>, supporting such multitasking efficiently (with several different hardware features, including memory protection, hardware task switching, program privilege separation, and virtual memory, all absent on the earlier Intel x86 CPUs) and which could be directly connected to 16 times as much memory as the 8088 (and 8086). The two companies developed the next generation beyond MS-DOS, called <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. Early OS/2 software is not encumbered with MS-DOS compatibility, giving IBM a technological advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199874–76_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199874–76-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>, Windows/386 2.0 introduced a <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a> kernel that can multitask several MS-DOS applications using <a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">virtual 8086 mode</a>, but all Windows applications still run in a shared <a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">virtual DOS machine</a>. As the rest of the Microsoft team moved on to the OS/2 2.0 project, David Weise, a member of the Windows development team and a critic of IBM, believed that he could restart the Windows project. Microsoft needed programming tools to run in protected mode, so it hired Murray Sargent, a physics professor from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> who had developed a <a href="/wiki/DOS_extender" title="DOS extender">DOS extender</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> program that works with protected mode applications. Windows 3.0 originated in 1988 as an independent project by Weise and Sargent, using Sargent's debugger to improve the memory manager and run Windows applications in separate protected memory segments.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a few months, Weise and Sargent cobbled together a rough prototype to run Windows versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>, then presented it to company executives, who were impressed enough to approve it as an official project. When IBM learned of Microsoft's upcoming project, their relationship was damaged, but Microsoft asserted that it would cancel Windows after its launch and that it would continue to develop OS/2.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199887–95_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199887–95-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows 3.0 was officially announced worldwide on May 22, 1990, in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a> Theater. The event had 6,000 attendees, and it was broadcast live in the Microsoft social fairs of seven other North American cities and twelve major cities outside. Microsoft spent <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$3 million</span> to host the festivities, which co-founder <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> referred to as the "most extravagant, extensive, and expensive software introduction ever".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft did not offer free runtime licenses of the software to applications vendors, because runtime versions of Windows lack multitasking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S46_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S46-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the company offered upgrades for both full and runtime previous versions of Windows at a cost of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$50</span> (equivalent to $117 in 2023)—considerably lower than the full license's suggested retail price of <span style="white-space: nowrap">$149</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-trwfa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trwfa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The software was bundled by computer hardware manufacturers. The first were <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Data_Systems" title="Zenith Data Systems">Zenith Data Systems</a>, Austin Computer Systems, and <a href="/wiki/CompuAdd" title="CompuAdd">CompuAdd</a>, followed by more than 25 others, not including IBM.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Microsoft's "Entry Team" was assigned to make Windows 3.0 generally appealing to the public, and was concerned that the public might perceive it as no more than a tool for large enterprises, due to high system requirements. Major game publishers did not see it as a potential game platform, instead sticking to MS-DOS. Microsoft's product manager Bruce Ryan compiled games that the Windows team had designed in its spare time to create <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Entertainment_Pack" title="Microsoft Entertainment Pack">Microsoft Entertainment Pack</a></i>, which includes <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tetris" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Tetris">Tetris</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></i>. There was little budget, none spent on quality testing. Nevertheless, the <i>Entertainment Pack</i> was sold as a separate product, and it became so popular that it was followed by three other <i>Entertainment Packs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 31, 2001, Microsoft dropped support for Windows 3.0, along with previous versions of Windows and Windows 95, <a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Workgroups" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows for Workgroups">Windows for Workgroups</a>, and MS-DOS versions up to 6.22.<sup id="cite_ref-PCMAGv20n11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMAGv20n11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows 3.0 features a significantly revamped graphical user interface (GUI), which was described as having a three-dimensional look similar to the <a href="/wiki/Presentation_Manager" title="Presentation Manager">Presentation Manager</a>, rather than the flat look of its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Windows_2.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 2.1x">Windows 2.1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LOTUS1990_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOTUS1990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes technical improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a> to make better use of the capabilities of <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s 80286 and <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">80386</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processors</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Data_Exchange" title="Dynamic Data Exchange">Dynamic Data Exchange</a> is a multitasking protocol whereby multiple running applications dynamically exchange data with one another, i.e., when data in one application changes, so does the data in another. This feature had appeared in Windows previously, but until Windows 3.0, due to memory constraints, users were unable to use the protocol. These users instead had to exit to DOS to run one application, close it, and open another to exchange data.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990199–200_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990199–200-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S26_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S26-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its support for the 386 and later processors, Windows 3.0 can also use virtual memory, which is a portion of a <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a> that is substituted for memory by the processor in the event that its own memory is exhausted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990405_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990405-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like its predecessors, Windows 3.0 is not an operating system <i>per se</i>, but rather an operating environment that is designed for DOS and controls its functions.<sup id="cite_ref-trwfa_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trwfa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MS-DOS Executive file manager was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a>, the list-based <a href="/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a>, and Task List.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Program Manager is a graphical shell composed of icons, each with an underlying title. They can be moved and arranged in any order, and the icons' titles can be renamed. When double-clicked on, these icons open corresponding applications or smaller windows within the Program Manager window called group windows. These group windows contain such icons and can be minimized to prevent cluttering of the Program Manager window's space.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990101–102_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990101–102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> File Manager is another shell used to access or modify applications, but displays them as files contained in directories in a list format. Its purpose as an alternative to using DOS commands is to facilitate moving files and directories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990121–122_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990121–122-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Task List displays all running applications and may also be used to terminate them, select a different program, cascade or tile the windows, and arrange minimized desktop icons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199026–27_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199026–27-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Control Panel, where users can change settings to customize Windows and hardware, was also redesigned as an icon-based window.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199043_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199043-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The drivers bundled with Windows 3.0 support up to 16 simultaneous colors from <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter" title="Enhanced Graphics Adapter">EGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-Color_Graphics_Array" title="Multi-Color Graphics Array">MCGA</a> or <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> palettes, as opposed to the previous maximum of eight colors,<sup id="cite_ref-IWmay1990pS4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWmay1990pS4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the operating environment itself supports graphics adapters that offer resolutions and the number of colors greater than VGA.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows 3.0 also introduced the Palette Manager, a set of functions that allow applications to change the lookup palette of graphics cards displaying up to 256 colors to use needed colors. When multiple displayed windows exceed the 256-color limit, Windows 3.0 prioritizes the active window to use that application's colors, without resorting to <a href="/wiki/Dither" title="Dither">dithering</a> and then filling in areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199049_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199049-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991375–376_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991375–376-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows 3.0 retains many of the simple applications from its predecessors, such as the text editor <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notepad" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Notepad">Notepad</a>, the word processor <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a>, and the improved paint program <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint#History" title="Microsoft Paint">Paintbrush</a>. Calculator is expanded to include scientific calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990365_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990365-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recorder is a new program that records macros, or sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements, which are then assigned to keys as shortcuts to perform complex functions quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990317_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990317-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the earlier <a href="/wiki/Reversi" title="Reversi">Reversi</a> game was complemented with the card game <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Microsoft Solitaire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990387_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990387-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would eventually be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable program is <a href="/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">Help</a>. Unlike DOS applications, which may have help functions as part of them, Windows Help is a separate and readily accessible application that accompanies all Windows programs that support it.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199087_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199087-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memory_modes">Memory modes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Memory modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows 3.0 was the only version of Windows that could be run in three different memory modes: </p> <ul><li><i>Real mode</i>, intended for older computers with a CPU below Intel 80286, and corresponding to its <a href="/wiki/Real_mode" title="Real mode">real mode</a>;</li> <li><i>Standard mode</i>, intended for computers with an 80286 processor, and corresponding to its <a href="/wiki/Protected_mode" title="Protected mode">protected mode</a>;</li> <li><i>386 Enhanced mode</i>, intended for newer computers with an <a href="/wiki/Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a> processor or above, and corresponding to its protected mode and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">virtual 8086 mode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><i>Real mode</i> primarily existed as a way to run <a href="/wiki/Windows_2.1" title="Windows 2.1">Windows 2.x</a> applications. It was removed in <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a>. Almost all applications designed for Windows 3.0 had to be run in standard or 386 enhanced modes. (Microsoft Word 1.x and Excel 2.x would work in real mode as they were actually designed for Windows 2.x). However, it was necessary to load Windows 3.0 in real mode to run SWAPFILE.EXE, which allowed users to change virtual memory settings. Officially, Microsoft stated that an 8Mhz turbo 8086 was the minimum CPU needed to run Windows 3.0. It could be run on 4.77 MHz 8088 machines, but performance was so slow as to render the OS almost unusable. Up to 4 MB of expanded memory (<a href="/wiki/EMS_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS memory">EMS</a>) is supported in real mode. </p><p><i>Standard mode</i> was used most often as its requirements were more in-line with an average PC of that era — an 80286 processor with at least 1 MB of memory. Since some PCs (notably Compaqs) did not place extended memory (<a href="/wiki/XMS_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="XMS memory">XMS</a>) at the 1MB line and instead left a hole between the end of conventional memory and the start of XMS, Windows could not work on them except in real mode. </p><p><i>386 Enhanced mode</i> was a 32-bit virtual machine that ran a copy of 16-bit Standard mode, and multiple copies of MS-DOS in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">virtual 8086 mode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 386 enhanced mode uses virtual 8086 mode to allow multiple DOS programs to run (each DOS session takes 1MB of memory) along with being windowed and allowing multitasking to continue. Virtual memory support allows the user to employ the hard disk as a temporary storage space if applications use more memory than exists in the system. </p><p>Normally, Windows will start in the highest operating mode the computer can use, but the user may force it into lower modes by typing WIN /R or WIN /S at the DOS command prompt. If the user selects an operating mode that cannot be used due to lack of RAM or CPU support, Windows merely boots into the next lowest one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Updates">Updates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Updates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two updates known to have been published for Windows 3.0. One of them is Windows 3.0a, released in December 1990. It modified Windows' DOS extender—a program that enables DOS applications to access extended memory—to prevent errors caused by software calling into real-mode code when Windows is loaded in standard mode. It also simplified the installation process and alleviated crashes associated with networking, printing, and low-memory conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_3.0_with_Multimedia_Extensions">Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_PC" title="Multimedia PC">Multimedia PC</a></div> <p>Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0 (MME) was released to third-party manufacturers in October 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-IWo1991pS90_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWo1991pS90-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Release_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Release-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a>, designed for any media-related device such as graphics and audio cards, scanners, and videotape players.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also supported recording and playing digital audio,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19916-1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19916-1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MIDI devices, screensavers and analog joysticks,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-2_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as CD-ROM drives, which were then becoming increasingly available.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S100_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S100-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other features included additional applets such as an alarm clock and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a>, used to run media files.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19919-3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19919-3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MME supports stereo sound<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S95_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S95-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Audio_bit_depth" title="Audio bit depth">audio bit depth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(signal_processing)#Sampling_rate" title="Sampling (signal processing)">sampling rates</a> of up to 44.1 kHz.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S104_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S104-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_requirements">System requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: System requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official system requirements for Windows 3.0 and its substantial update, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <caption>Minimum system requirements </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 10%;"> </th> <th style="width: 45%;">Windows 3.0<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903–4_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903–4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 45%;">Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-3_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-3-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>CPU </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a>/<a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> processor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> processor running at 10 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">MHz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>RAM </th> <td>1 MB of memory (640 KB and 384 KB of conventional and extended memory, respectively) (Work with only 640Kb - Real Mode) </td> <td>2 MB of memory </td></tr> <tr> <th>Storage </th> <td>Hard drive with 6–8 MB of free space </td> <td>Hard drive with 30 MB of total space </td></tr> <tr> <th>Medium </th> <td>At least one floppy drive for the installation disks </td> <td>A CD-ROM drive is essential for performing numerous multimedia operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19914-1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19914-1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Video </th> <td>Windows 3.0 supports a large array of graphics cards and computer monitors, and will try to use one of its generic drivers in the event that no driver exists to support the hardware. However, because the user interface is designed to be displayed at resolutions relatively high by 1990's standards, an <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter" title="Enhanced Graphics Adapter">EGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multi-Color_Graphics_Array" title="Multi-Color Graphics Array">MCGA</a> or <a href="/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array" title="Video Graphics Array">VGA</a> display was recommended. (work with CGA and Hercules) </td> <td>VGA graphics card </td></tr> <tr> <th>OS </th> <td colspan="2">MS- or <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">PC DOS</a> version 3.1 or higher </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mouse </th> <td>A Microsoft-compatible pointing device is recommended. </td> <td>A mouse is required to perform many of the multimedia operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S95_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S95-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The processor and memory minimum requirements for the original version are those needed to run Windows in real mode, the lowest of the three operating modes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mode severely limits the multitasking capabilities of Windows,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it can still use expanded memory, which is memory that is added by installing expanded memory boards or memory managers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S12_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S12-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it also provides backward compatibility with as many hardware and software designed for DOS as possible, and it may be used to run DOS applications and older Windows applications not optimized for Windows 3.0 if running them in higher operating modes is not possible. Standard mode requires at least an 80286 processor, and although the memory required is unchanged, the mode does allow the processor to use extended memory for running applications. 386 enhanced mode requires at least an 80386 processor and two megabytes of memory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the other modes can run DOS applications in full-screen only and must suspend DOS applications to run Windows programs and <i>vice versa</i>, the DOS applications in 386 enhanced mode can be run windowed and concurrently with the Windows applications.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990202–203_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990202–203-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the other modes, this one cannot be used to run DOS applications that use <a href="/wiki/DOS_extender" title="DOS extender">DOS extenders</a> incompatible with <a href="/wiki/DOS_Protected_Mode_Interface" title="DOS Protected Mode Interface">DPMI specifications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion1990406–408-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normally, Windows will start in the highest operating mode the computer can use, but the user may force it into lower modes by typing <code>WIN /R</code> or <code>WIN /S</code> at the DOS command prompt. If the user selects an operating mode that cannot be used due to lack of RAM or CPU support, Windows merely boots into the next lowest one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19906_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19906-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows 3.0 is considered to be the first version of Windows to receive critical acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-et2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users and critics universally lauded its icon-based interface and the ensuing ease of performing operations,<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LOTUS1990_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOTUS1990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IWmay1990pS4_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWmay1990pS4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMAG1990-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the improved multitasking and greater control over customizing their environments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMAG1990-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S1_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S1-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i> considered the software to share the same benefits as OS/2 and Unix.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garry Ray of <i>Lotus</i> considered this version of Windows the first of the environment to bear "serious long-term consideration."<sup id="cite_ref-LOTUS1990_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOTUS1990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bill Howard of <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i> found its user interface to be easy to use, though not quite as intuitive as Macintosh.<sup id="cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMAG1990-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The editor of <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>, Michael J. Miller, had faith that PC users would fully transition from the preceding text-only environment to the GUI with Windows 3.0 as their primary choice.<sup id="cite_ref-IWmay1990pS12_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWmay1990pS12-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One critical aspect of Windows 3.0 is how it managed memory. Before its release, users of previous versions of Windows were burdened with trying to circumvent memory constraints to use those versions' touted capabilities. The Windows software occupied a large amount of memory, and users regularly experienced system slowdowns and often exceeded memory limits. Windows 3.0 also had relatively high memory requirements by 1990's standards, but with the three memory modes, it was praised for using memory more efficiently, removing the 640–kilobyte limit that had existed in computers running on Microsoft software since DOS, and supporting more powerful CPUs.<sup id="cite_ref-CW1990_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CW1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LOTUS1990_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOTUS1990-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMAG1990-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IWmay1990pS12_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWmay1990pS12-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ted Needleman of the computer magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Electronics" title="Modern Electronics">Modern Electronics</a></i> called Windows 3.0's GUI "state-of-the-art" and compared Microsoft's previous attempts to produce such a GUI to <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a>, Apple's early such attempt and the predecessor to its far more successful Macintosh. He cautioned about the seemingly cheap upgrade cost of US$50 when the system requirements and the need to upgrade any installed applications for compatibility are considered. He also cautioned that the software's advantages could be taken only by running Windows applications.<sup id="cite_ref-trwfa_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trwfa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in February 1991, <i>PC Magazine</i> noted a vast array of applications designed specifically for Windows 3.0, including many that had yet to be available for OS/2. It also cited two other factors leading to the operating environment's success: one of them was the inexpensive cost of the hardware needed to run it compared to the Macintosh, and the other was its focus on fully utilizing hardware components that were relatively powerful by its time's standards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991102_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991102-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amid the unprecedented success of Windows 3.0, Microsoft came under attack by critics as well as the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>, who alleged that the company had attempted to dominate the applications market by luring its competitors into developing software for IBM's OS/2 while it was developing its own for Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Windows 3.0's release, Microsoft had only 10 and 15 percent of the market shares on spreadsheets and word processors, respectively, but those figures had risen to over 60 percent in 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overtaking previously dominant competitors such as <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus Development Corporation">Lotus Development Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Overdrive_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overdrive-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft did indeed suggest developers to write applications for the OS/2, but it also intended Windows 3.0 to be a "low-end" alternative to the latter, with Gates referring to the OS/2 as the operating system of the 1990s. The Windows brand was also intended to be canceled after this version's release.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199894_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199894-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigations into—and the eventual subsequent suing of—Microsoft led to a settlement on July 15, 1994, where Microsoft agreed not to bundle separate software packages with its operating products.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It marked the first time that the company had ever been investigated for anticompetitive practices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales">Sales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows 3.0 is also considered the first Windows to see commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-et2015_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of release, of the 40 million personal computers installed, only five percent used either previous version of Windows,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May199041_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May199041-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but within its first week of availability, it rose as the top-selling business software.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After six months, two million copies were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its success was interdependent with the PC industry, exemplified by an explosion of demand for and subsequent production of Intel's more powerful microprocessor, the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80486" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80486">80486</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows became so widely used in businesses that Brian Livingston of <i>InfoWorld</i> wrote in October 1991 that "a company with no PCs that run Windows is almost like a company without a fax machine."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S83_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S83-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft had spent a total of $10 million in its marketing campaign for the software, including the $3 million for its release.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When its successor, Windows 3.1, was released, sales totaled about 10 million copies,<sup id="cite_ref-et2015_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a year later the Windows series would overtake DOS as the bestselling application of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-Overdrive_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overdrive-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows 3.0 is regarded in retrospect as a turning point in the future of Microsoft, being attributed to its later dominance in the operating system market and to the company's improved applications market share.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company used to have close ties with IBM since the former's inception,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the unexpected<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> success of its new product would lead to the two companies recasting their relationship, where they would continue to sell each other's operating products until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fiscal year of 1990, Microsoft reported revenues of US$1.18 billion, with $337 million appearing in the fourth quarter. This annual statistic is up from $803.5 million in fiscal 1989, and it made Microsoft the first <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> software company to reach the $1 billion mark in one year. Microsoft officials attributed the results to the sales of Windows 3.0.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReimer2019" class="citation web cs1">Reimer, Jeremy (November 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/11/half-an-operating-system-the-triumph-and-tragedy-of-os2/">"Half an operating system: The triumph and tragedy of OS/2"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Half+an+operating+system%3A+The+triumph+and+tragedy+of+OS%2F2&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2019%2F11%2Fhalf-an-operating-system-the-triumph-and-tragedy-of-os2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-et2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-et2015_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et2015_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et2015_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et2015_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendino2015" class="citation web cs1">Lendino, Jamie (November 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.extremetech.com/computing/218336-microsoft-windows-turns-30-a-brief-retrospective">"Microsoft Windows turns 30: A brief retrospective"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ExtremeTech" title="ExtremeTech">ExtremeTech</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223025101/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/218336-microsoft-windows-turns-30-a-brief-retrospective">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ExtremeTech&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Windows+turns+30%3A+A+brief+retrospective&rft.date=2015-11-20&rft.aulast=Lendino&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.extremetech.com%2Fcomputing%2F218336-microsoft-windows-turns-30-a-brief-retrospective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199860-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199860_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199874–76-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199874–76_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, pp. 74–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinofsky2021" class="citation web cs1">Sinofsky, Steven (February 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hardcoresoftware.learningbyshipping.com/p/003-klunder-college">"Klunder College"</a>. <i>Hardcore Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228013137/https://hardcoresoftware.learningbyshipping.com/p/003-klunder-college">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vision+for+the+Future&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Microsoft%3A+How+Bill+Gates+and+His+Team+Created+the+World%27s+Most+Successful+Software+Company&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Prima+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-55958-071-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofmicrosof00ichb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S46-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S46_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_May1990">InfoWorld, May 1990</a>, p. S46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trwfa-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trwfa_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trwfa_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trwfa_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedleman1990" class="citation news cs1">Needleman, Ted (September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modern-electronics-september-1990">"The Real Windows Finally Arrives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Electronics" title="Modern Electronics">Modern Electronics</a></i>. Vol. 7, no. 9. CQ Communications. pp. 64–65, 68. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0748-9889">0748-9889</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Electronics&rft.atitle=The+Real+Windows+Finally+Arrives&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=64-65%2C+68&rft.date=1990-09&rft.issn=0748-9889&rft.aulast=Needleman&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodern-electronics-september-1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Simson1990" class="citation news cs1">von Simson, Charles (May 28, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbhV0v7IVRYC">"Microsoft leads DOS revival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. Vol. 24, no. 22. p. 116. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143748/https://books.google.com/books?id=PbhV0v7IVRYC">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+was+so+addicted+to+Minesweeper%2C+he+used+to+sneak+into+a+colleague%27s+office+after+work+to+play&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Weinberger&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fbill-gates-was-a-microsoft-minesweeper-addict-2015-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCMAGv20n11-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCMAGv20n11_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIlwkVCtijEC">"Pulling the Plug"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. Vol. 20, no. 11. June 13, 2001. p. 73. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143749/https://books.google.com/books?id=jIlwkVCtijEC">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Pulling+the+Plug&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2001-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIlwkVCtijEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowart2005" class="citation book cs1">Cowart, Robert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56647752"><i>Special edition using Microsoft Windows XP home</i></a>. Brian Knittel (3 ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7897-3279-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7897-3279-3"><bdi>0-7897-3279-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56647752">56647752</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220604163856/https://www.worldcat.org/title/special-edition-using-microsoft-windows-xp-home/oclc/56647752">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 24, no. 31. July 30, 1990. p. 33<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Solitaire+has+been+clicked+and+dragged+into+the+World+Video+Game+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F05%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fmicrosoft-solitaire-hall-of-fame-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199087-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion199087_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWindows_3_Companion1990">Windows 3 Companion 1990</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/muiseum/systems/win3.html">"Windows 3.0"</a>. <i>Human Computer Interaction Lab of the University of Maryland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_October1991">InfoWorld, October 1991</a>, p. S104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903–4-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19903–4_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWindows_3_Companion1990">Windows 3 Companion 1990</a>, p. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-3-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19911-3_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMultimedia_Guide1991">Multimedia Guide 1991</a>, p. 1-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19914-1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMultimedia_Guide19914-1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMultimedia_Guide1991">Multimedia Guide 1991</a>, p. 4-1.</span> </li> <li 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href="#CITEREFWindows_3_Companion1990">Windows 3 Companion 1990</a>, pp. 202–203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19906-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWindows_3_Companion19906_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWindows_3_Companion1990">Windows 3 Companion 1990</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCMAG1990-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCMAG1990_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenditto1990" class="citation news cs1">Venditto, Gus (July 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ofXGcGVTvoEC">"Windows 3.0 Brings Icons, Multitasking, and Ends DOS's 640K Program Limit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. Vol. 9, no. 13. pp. 33–35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225224431/https://books.google.com/books?id=ofXGcGVTvoEC">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Windows+3.0+Brings+Icons%2C+Multitasking%2C+and+Ends+DOS%27s+640K+Program+Limit&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=33-35&rft.date=1990-07&rft.aulast=Venditto&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DofXGcGVTvoEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S1-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May1990S1_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_May1990">InfoWorld, May 1990</a>, p. S1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IWmay1990pS12-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IWmay1990pS12_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IWmay1990pS12_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_May1990">InfoWorld, May 1990</a>, p. S12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991102-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPC_Magazine,_February1991102_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPC_Magazine,_February1991">PC Magazine, February 1991</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199897–98_59-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, p. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199895_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Overdrive-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Overdrive_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Overdrive_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1997" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, James (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/overdrivebillgat00wall">"The Road Ahead"</a>. <i>Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons, Inc.">John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</a> p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-18041-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-18041-6"><bdi>0-471-18041-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Road+Ahead&rft.btitle=Overdrive%3A+Bill+Gates+and+the+Race+to+Control+Cyberspace&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-471-18041-6&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foverdrivebillgat00wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199894-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199894_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Justice1995" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> (August 21, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/atr/case-document/final-judgment-227">"Final Judgment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200119045627/https://www.justice.gov/atr/case-document/final-judgment-227">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Judgment&rft.date=1995-08-21&rft.au=Department+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fatr%2Fcase-document%2Ffinal-judgment-227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May199041-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_May199041_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_May1990">InfoWorld, May 1990</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenditto1990" class="citation news cs1">Venditto, Gus (August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSMUxSP5pKgC">"Pipeline"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. Vol. 9, no. 14. p. 63. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143750/https://books.google.com/books?id=cSMUxSP5pKgC">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Pipeline&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1990-08&rft.aulast=Venditto&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcSMUxSP5pKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu1998" class="citation book cs1">Yu, Albert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creatingdigitalf00albe"><i>Creating the Digital Future</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">The Free Press</a>. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-83988-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-83988-1"><bdi>0-684-83988-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Digital+Future&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-684-83988-1&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreatingdigitalf00albe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S83-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfoWorld,_October1991S83_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFInfoWorld,_October1991">InfoWorld, October 1991</a>, p. S83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTremblayTremblay2007" class="citation book cs1">Tremblay, Victor J.; Tremblay, Carol Horton (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IeNWWkLO_EoC"><i>Industry and Firm Studies</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/M.E._Sharpe" class="mw-redirect" title="M.E. Sharpe">M.E. Sharpe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1723-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1723-1"><bdi>978-0-7656-1723-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143751/https://books.google.com/books?id=IeNWWkLO_EoC">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industry+and+Firm+Studies&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1723-1&rft.aulast=Tremblay&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft.au=Tremblay%2C+Carol+Horton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIeNWWkLO_EoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdstrom_&_Eller199899_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998">Edstrom & Eller 1998</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonFlynn1990" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Stuart J.; Flynn, Laurie (July 30, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GzwEAAAAMBAJ">"Microsoft Tops $1 billion in 1990"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i>. Vol. 12, no. 31. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227214713/https://books.google.com/books?id=GzwEAAAAMBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Tops+%241+billion+in+1990&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1990-07-30&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Stuart+J.&rft.au=Flynn%2C+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzwEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindows_3_Companion1990" class="citation book cs1">Lorenz, Lori L.; O'Mara, R. Michael (September 1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/windows3companio00lore"><i>Windows 3 Companion</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-936767-19-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-936767-19-7"><bdi>0-936767-19-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Windows+3+Companion&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1990-09&rft.isbn=0-936767-19-7&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Lori+L.&rft.au=O%27Mara%2C+R.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwindows3companio00lore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdstrom_&_Eller1998" class="citation book cs1">Edstrom, Jennifer; Eller, Marlin (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barbariansledbyb00edst"><i>Barbarians led by Bill Gates</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-5754-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-5754-4"><bdi>0-8050-5754-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barbarians+led+by+Bill+Gates&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8050-5754-4&rft.aulast=Edstrom&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Eller%2C+Marlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarbariansledbyb00edst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInfoWorld,_May1990" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nzsEAAAAMBAJ">"InfoWorld"</a>. Vol. 12, no. 22. May 28, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814062230/https://books.google.com/books?id=nzsEAAAAMBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=InfoWorld&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=22&rft.date=1990-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnzsEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPC_Magazine,_February1991" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIpQYrLA2GIC">"PC Magazine"</a>. Vol. 10, no. 4. February 26, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143751/https://books.google.com/books?id=LIpQYrLA2GIC">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PC+Magazine&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1991-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLIpQYrLA2GIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMultimedia_Guide1991" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/microsoftwindow000micr">"Microsoft Windows Multimedia Authoring and Tools Guide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55615-391-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55615-391-0"><bdi>1-55615-391-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Windows+Multimedia+Authoring+and+Tools+Guide&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-55615-391-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmicrosoftwindow000micr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInfoWorld,_October1991" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2j0EAAAAMBAJ">"InfoWorld"</a>. Vol. 13, no. 42. October 21, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922143751/https://books.google.com/books?id=2j0EAAAAMBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=InfoWorld&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=42&rft.date=1991-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2j0EAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+3.0" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_3.0&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://community.windows.com/en-us/stories/story-of-windows3">Windows history: Windows 3.0 takes off</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111093122/https://community.windows.com/en-us/stories/story-of-windows3">Archived</a> January 11, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, an article detailing a brief history of Windows 3.0</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_Windows" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_1.0" title="Windows 1.0">1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_2.0" title="Windows 2.0">2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_2.1" title="Windows 2.1">2.1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">3.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_9x" title="Windows 9x">Windows 9x</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Base <br /> releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.1" title="Windows NT 3.1">NT 3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.5" title="Windows NT 3.5">NT 3.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.51" title="Windows NT 3.51">NT 3.51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">NT 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">XP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition" title="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition">Pro x64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Media_Center_Edition" title="Windows XP Media Center Edition">Media Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">8</a> / <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server" title="Windows Server">Windows <br /> Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Server 2003</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Home_Server" title="Windows Home Server">Home Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Server 2008</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Essential_Business_Server_2008" title="Windows Essential Business Server 2008">EBS 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_HPC_Server_2008" title="Windows HPC Server 2008">HPC Server 2008</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Server 2008 R2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Home_Server_2011" title="Windows Home Server 2011">Home Server 2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Server 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Server 2012 R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Server 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Server 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">Server 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2025" title="Windows Server 2025">Server 2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <br /> releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fundamentals_for_Legacy_PCs" title="Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs">Fundamentals for Legacy PCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">RT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">Preinstallation Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_MultiPoint_Server" title="Windows MultiPoint Server">MultiPoint Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_IoT" title="Windows IoT">Windows <br /> Embedded / <br /> Windows IoT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact" title="Windows Embedded Compact">Embedded <br /> Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CE_5.0" title="Windows CE 5.0">CE 5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_CE_6.0" title="Windows Embedded CE 6.0">Embedded CE 6.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact_7" title="Windows Embedded Compact 7">Embedded Compact 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Automotive" title="Windows Embedded Automotive">Embedded Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Industry" title="Windows Embedded Industry">Embedded Industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC_2000" title="Pocket PC 2000">Pocket PC 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC_2002" title="Pocket PC 2002">Pocket PC 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_2003" title="Windows Mobile 2003">Mobile 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_5.0" title="Windows Mobile 5.0">Mobile 5.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.0" title="Windows Mobile 6.0">Mobile 6.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.1" title="Windows Mobile 6.1">Mobile 6.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_6.5" title="Windows Mobile 6.5">Mobile 6.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Phone 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">Phone 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Phone 8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">10 Mobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_(operating_system)" title="Cairo (operating system)">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Nashville" title="Windows Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Neptune" title="Windows Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Odyssey" title="Windows Odyssey">Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Polaris">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10X" title="Windows 10X">10X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_95" title="Development of Windows 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_XP" title="Development of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista" title="Development of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li></ul></li> <li>Editions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_editions" title="Windows XP editions">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista_editions" title="Windows Vista editions">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_7_editions" title="Windows 7 editions">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_8_editions" title="Windows 8 editions">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11_editions" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 11 editions">11</a></li></ul></li> <li>New features <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_XP" title="Features new to Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_7" title="Features new to Windows 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_8" title="Features new to Windows 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_10" title="Features new to Windows 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_11" title="Features new to Windows 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li>Removed features <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_XP" title="List of features removed in Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_Vista" title="List of features removed in Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_7" title="List of features removed in Windows 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_8" title="List of features removed in Windows 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_10" title="List of features removed in Windows 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_11" title="List of features removed in Windows 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_version_history" title="Microsoft Windows version history">Version history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_version_history" title="Windows Phone version history">Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history" title="Windows 10 version history">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile_version_history" title="Windows 10 Mobile version history">10 Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_11_version_history" title="Windows 11 version history">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions" title="Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions">Version comparison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Windows_Vista_and_Windows_XP" title="Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP">Vista and XP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_for_Pen_Computing" title="Windows for Pen Computing">Windows for Pen Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Plus!" title="Microsoft Plus!">Microsoft Plus!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerToys" title="Microsoft PowerToys">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Essentials" title="Windows Server Essentials">Windows Server Essentials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" 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