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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-地球地壳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地球地壳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>地球地壳</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地球地壳-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地球地壳子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地球地壳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-大陆地壳的组成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大陆地壳的组成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>大陆地壳的组成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大陆地壳的组成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-月球地壳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#月球地壳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>月球地壳</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-月球地壳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">地壳</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。31种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kors_(geologie)" title="Kors (geologie) – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kors (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="قشرة (جيولوجيا) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قشرة (جيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82_(%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="قابیق (ژئولوژی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قابیق (ژئولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="क्रस्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्रस्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC)" title="ভূত্বক (ভূতত্ত্ব) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূত্বক (ভূতত্ত্ব)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%A9%DA%B5_(%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="توێکڵ (زەویناسی) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توێکڵ (زەویناسی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_k%C5%AFra" title="Planetární kůra – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Planetární kůra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorpe_(geologi)" title="Skorpe (geologi) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skorpe (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Crust (geology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corteza_(geolog%C3%ADa)" title="Corteza (geología) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corteza (geología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_(%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="پوسته (زمین‌شناسی) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوسته (زمین‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Croûte planétaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croûte planétaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screamh_(geola%C3%ADocht)" title="Screamh (geolaíocht) – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Screamh (geolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerak_(geologi)" title="Kerak (geologi) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerak (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosta_(esogeologia)" title="Crosta (esogeologia) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crosta (esogeologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BB" title="地殻 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地殻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kros_(jaaloji)" title="Kros (jaaloji) – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kros (jaaloji)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99)" title="지각 (지질학) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지각 (지질학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology) – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Crust (geology)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B1_(%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87)" title="قشر (ځمک‌پوهنه) – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قشر (ځمک‌پوهنه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кора (геология) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кора (геология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology) – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Crust (geology)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C3%A1rna_k%C3%B4ra" title="Planetárna kôra – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Planetárna kôra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorja_(geologija)" title="Skorja (geologija) – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Skorja (geologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korja_(gjeologji)" title="Korja (gjeologji) – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Korja (gjeologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="เปลือกดาว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปลือกดาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuk_(jeoloji)" title="Kabuk (jeoloji) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kabuk (jeoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кора (геологія) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кора (геологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6_(%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="قشر ارض (ارضیات) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قشر ارض (ارضیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_v%E1%BB%8F_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t)" title="Lớp vỏ (địa chất) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp vỏ (địa chất)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-5175f4cf" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5175f4cf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Astronomy"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_geologic_provinces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/300px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/450px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/600px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>全球<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质区域（页面不存在）">地质区域</a>（资料出自<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美國地質調查局">USGS</a>）<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> <div>   <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f96; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%BE" title="地盾">地盾</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f9c; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%B0" title="地台">陆台</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9fc; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="造山带">造山带</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9cf; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="構造盆地">盆地</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#969; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F" title="大型火成岩区域">大型火成岩区</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff9; color:black;"> </span> 正在扩张的<a class="mw-selflink selflink">地壳</a></div>   </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" title="海洋地殼">海洋地壳</a>年龄: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cde; color:black;"> </span> 0–20百万年</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#abc; color:black;"> </span> 20–65百万年</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#89a; color:black;"> </span> >65百万年</div>   </td></tr></tbody></table></div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>地殼</b>（<span lang="en">crust</span>）在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a>中是指一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="星球">星球</a>最外層的實心薄殼，可以用化學方法将它与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>區别。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>以及其它星球的地殼大部分都是由火成岩形成的，星球的地殼比起它们的地幔有更多的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E6%88%90%E5%88%86" title="不相容成分">不相容成分</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地球地壳"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E5.9C.B0.E5.A3.B3"></span>地球地壳</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：地球地壳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地球地壳">地球地壳</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth-crust-cutaway-chinese.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Earth-crust-cutaway-chinese.png/300px-Earth-crust-cutaway-chinese.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Earth-crust-cutaway-chinese.png 1.5x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>地球分层示意图</figcaption></figure> <p><b>地球地壳</b>是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8" title="地表">地表</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="莫氏不连续面">莫氏不连续面</a>之间，主要由<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E5%B2%A9" title="变质岩">变质岩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9" title="沉积岩">沉积岩</a>构成的薄壳，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%88" title="岩石圈">岩石圈</a>组成的一部分，平均厚度17公里，地壳下面的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>，上地幔大部分由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">橄榄石</a>（一種比普通岩石密度大很多的岩石）构成。地壳和地幔之间的分界线被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E4%B8%8D%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="莫氏不连续面">莫氏不连续面</a>。地壳的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a>只占全地球0.2%，按结构分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="大陆地壳">大陆地壳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" title="海洋地殼">海洋地壳</a>两种。大陆地壳有硅酸铝层（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="花岗岩">花岗岩</a>質）和硅酸镁层（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>質）双层结构，而海洋地壳只有硅酸镁层（玄武岩質）单层结构，大陆地壳平均厚度有33公里，海洋地壳平均厚度只有10公里。 </p><p>地壳的温度随着其不断加深而逐渐升高，从200°C（392°F）到400°C（752°F）不等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大陆地壳的组成"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86.E5.9C.B0.E5.A3.B3.E7.9A.84.E7.BB.84.E6.88.90"></span>大陆地壳的组成</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：大陆地壳的组成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般说来大陆地壳的组成成分是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9" title="安山岩">安山岩</a>。以下的成分表和接下来的结论大部分基于Rudnick and Gao（2003）的汇总。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大陆地壳比由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>构成的海洋地壳拥有更多的不相容成分，而海洋地壳又比它下面的地幔更富有不相容成分。尽管大陆地壳的硅酸盐含量仅仅占地球总含量的0.6%，但它却含有全球20%至70%的不相容成分。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bankuai.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bankuai.png/350px-Bankuai.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bankuai.png/525px-Bankuai.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Bankuai.png/700px-Bankuai.png 2x" data-file-width="8300" data-file-height="5664" /></a><figcaption>地球上的各大版块，基于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="板塊構造論">板塊構造論</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>氧化物</th> <th>含量（百分比） </th></tr> <tr> <td>SiO<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>60.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>15.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CaO </td> <td>6.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MgO </td> <td>4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Na<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td>3.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FeO<sub>x</sub> </td> <td>6.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>K<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TiO<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>所有的其他成分除了水在地壳中只有很少的含量，它们的总量少于地壳总质量的1%。上地壳的平均密度介于2.69 g/cm<sup>3</sup>至2.74 g/cm<sup>3</sup>，下地壳的平均密度介于3.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup>至3.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-amonline_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amonline-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="月球地壳"><span id=".E6.9C.88.E7.90.83.E5.9C.B0.E5.A3.B3"></span>月球地壳</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：月球地壳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" title="月球地質">月球地質</a></div> <p>大碰撞说认为一个特别大的陨石在地球正在形成的时候与地球发生了碰撞，而这次撞击所产生的碎片喷进入太空并最终成为了月球。当月球形成之后，它的最外层融化形成了一个“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%B2%A9%E6%BC%BF%E6%B5%B7" title="月球岩漿海">月球岩漿海</a>”。在这个“海洋”中，大量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="斜长石">斜长石</a>结晶不断地向着月球表面浮动，并逐渐积累形成了月壳。上月壳大概有88%是由斜长石构成的（上月壳的底部大概有90％为斜长岩）：下月壳含有较多的铁镁矿物如辉石和橄榄石，但即使这样，下月壳仍有大概78％由斜长石构成。月壳下面的地幔也含有大量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%9F%B3" title="橄榄石">橄榄石</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. L. Rudnick and S. Gao, 2003, Composition of the Continental Crust. In The Crust (ed. R. L. Rudnick) volume 3, pages 1-64 of Treatise on Geochemistry (eds. H. D. Holland and K. K. Turekian), Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amonline-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amonline_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amonline.net.au/geoscience/earth/structure.htm">Structure and composition of the Earth</a>. Australian Museum Online. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-09-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070904143157/http://www.amonline.net.au/geoscience/earth/structure.htm">存档</a>于2007-09-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&rft.btitle=Structure+and+composition+of+the+Earth&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Australian+Museum+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amonline.net.au%2Fgeoscience%2Fearth%2Fstructure.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="地球構造">地球構造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%A0%B8" title="地核">地核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="大地电流">大地電流</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="土壤科學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #D2B48C; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:土壤科學"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color: white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:土壤科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color: white">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:土壤科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color: white">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="土壤科學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤物理學">土壤物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="土力学">土壤力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤化学">土壤化學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤生物學（页面不存在）">土壤生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤動物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil zoology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤動物學（页面不存在）">土壤動物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_zoology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil zoology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil zoology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤生態學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤形態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil morphology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤形態（页面不存在）">土壤形態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Soil morphology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil morphology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境土壤科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental soil science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境土壤科學（页面不存在）">環境土壤科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_soil_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental soil science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental soil science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="農業土壤學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agricultural soil science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業土壤學（页面不存在）">農業土壤學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_soil_science" class="extiw" title="en:Agricultural soil science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agricultural soil science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soil_profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/110px-Soil_profile.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/165px-Soil_profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Soil_profile.png/220px-Soil_profile.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1833" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%88" title="土壤圈">土壤圈</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤多樣性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pedodiversity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤多樣性（页面不存在）">土壤多樣性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedodiversity" class="extiw" title="en:Pedodiversity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pedodiversity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%9C%9F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="成土作用">成土作用</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95" title="土壤侵蝕">土壤侵蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤退化作用">土壤退化作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8E%8B%E5%AE%9E" title="土壤压实">土壤壓實</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤壓實 (農業)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil compaction (agriculture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A3%93%E5%AF%A6_(%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤壓實 (農業)（页面不存在）">土壤壓實 (農業)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_compaction_(agriculture)" class="extiw" title="en:Soil compaction (agriculture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil compaction (agriculture)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%B9%BD%E5%8C%96" title="土壤鹽化">土壤鹽化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="盐碱地">鹽鹼地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%80%BC" title="土壤酸鹼值">土壤pH值</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="土壤酸化">土壤酸化</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤健康（页面不存在）">土壤健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health" class="extiw" title="en:Soil health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤生物多樣性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil biodiversity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤生物多樣性（页面不存在）">土壤生物多樣性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biodiversity" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biodiversity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil biodiversity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤品質" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil quality"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤品質（页面不存在）">土壤品質</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_quality" class="extiw" title="en:Soil quality"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil quality</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil value" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil value"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil value（页面不存在）">Soil value</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil value"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil value</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%82%A5%E5%8A%9B" title="土壤肥力">土壤肥力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil resilience" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil resilience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_resilience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil resilience（页面不存在）">Soil resilience</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_resilience" class="extiw" title="en:Soil resilience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil resilience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤顏色" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil color"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤顏色（页面不存在）">土壤顏色</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_color" class="extiw" title="en:Soil color"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil color</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤質地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil texture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%B3%AA%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤質地（页面不存在）">土壤質地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_texture" class="extiw" title="en:Soil texture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil texture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="土壤结构">土壤結構</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤孔隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pore space in soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%94%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤孔隙（页面不存在）">土壤孔隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_space_in_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Pore space in soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pore space in soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pore water pressure" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pore water pressure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pore_water_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pore water pressure（页面不存在）">Pore water pressure</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_water_pressure" class="extiw" title="en:Pore water pressure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pore water pressure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil crust" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil crust"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_crust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil crust（页面不存在）">Soil crust</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_crust" class="extiw" title="en:Soil crust"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil crust</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%A4" title="土層">土層</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil biomantle" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil biomantle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_biomantle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil biomantle（页面不存在）">Soil biomantle</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biomantle" class="extiw" title="en:Soil biomantle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil biomantle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil carbon" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil carbon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_carbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil carbon（页面不存在）">Soil carbon</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon" class="extiw" title="en:Soil carbon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil carbon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="土壤氣體">土壤氣體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="土壤呼吸">土壤呼吸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E8%B3%AA" title="土壤有機質">土壤有機質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤濕度</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤水份" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil water (retention)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B0%B4%E4%BB%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤水份（页面不存在）">土壤水份</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_water_(retention)" class="extiw" title="en:Soil water (retention)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil water (retention)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="土壤類型" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="土壤類型">土壤類型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="土壤分類（英语：-&#123;Soil_classification&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soil_type" title="Template:Soil type"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Soil_type&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Soil type（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Soil_type" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Soil type"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="土壤分類（英语：-&#123;Soil_classification&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤分類" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤分類（页面不存在）">土壤分類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Soil classification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil classification</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美國農業部">美國農業部</a><br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國農業部土壤分類系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="USDA soil taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國農業部土壤分類系統（页面不存在）">土壤分類系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA_soil_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:USDA soil taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">USDA soil taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F" title="淋溶土">淋溶土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火山灰土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Andisol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山灰土（页面不存在）">火山灰土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andisol" class="extiw" title="en:Andisol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Andisol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旱境土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aridisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B1%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旱境土（页面不存在）">旱境土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aridisols" class="extiw" title="en:Aridisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aridisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新成土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Entisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%88%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新成土（页面不存在）">新成土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisols" class="extiw" title="en:Entisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Entisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冰凍土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有機土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Histosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機土（页面不存在）">有機土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosols" class="extiw" title="en:Histosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Histosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弱育土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inceptisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B1%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弱育土（页面不存在）">弱育土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inceptisols" class="extiw" title="en:Inceptisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inceptisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%86%E8%BB%9F%E5%9C%9F" title="鬆軟土">黑沃土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氧化物土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oxisol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氧化物土（页面不存在）">氧化物土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxisol" class="extiw" title="en:Oxisol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oxisol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰化土</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極育土（页面不存在）">極育土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="膨轉土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vertisol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A8%E8%BD%89%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膨轉土（页面不存在）">膨轉土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol" class="extiw" title="en:Vertisol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vertisol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界土壤參考基準" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Reference Base for Soil Resources"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%9F%BA%E6%BA%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界土壤參考基準（页面不存在）">世界土壤參考基準</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Reference_Base_for_Soil_Resources" class="extiw" title="en:World Reference Base for Soil Resources"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Reference Base for Soil Resources</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有機土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Histosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有機土（页面不存在）">有機土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosols" class="extiw" title="en:Histosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Histosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人为土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anthrosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BA%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人为土（页面不存在）">人为土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrosols" class="extiw" title="en:Anthrosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anthrosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technosol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术土（页面不存在）">技术土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosol" class="extiw" title="en:Technosol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technosol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">寒冻土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薄层土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leptosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E5%B1%82%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄层土（页面不存在）">薄层土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptosols" class="extiw" title="en:Leptosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leptosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碱土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solonetz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼土">碱土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonetz" class="extiw" title="en:Solonetz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solonetz</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="变性土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vertisol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变性土（页面不存在）">变性土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol" class="extiw" title="en:Vertisol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vertisol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盐土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solonchaks"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盐土（页面不存在）">盐土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonchaks" class="extiw" title="en:Solonchaks"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solonchaks</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潜育土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gleysols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%9C%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潜育土（页面不存在）">潜育土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleysols" class="extiw" title="en:Gleysols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gleysols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火山灰土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Andosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火山灰土（页面不存在）">火山灰土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andosols" class="extiw" title="en:Andosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Andosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聚铁网纹土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plinthosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E9%93%81%E7%BD%91%E7%BA%B9%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚铁网纹土（页面不存在）">聚铁网纹土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinthosols" class="extiw" title="en:Plinthosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plinthosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="粘绨土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nitisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%98%E7%BB%A8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粘绨土（页面不存在）">粘绨土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitisols" class="extiw" title="en:Nitisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nitisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="铁铝土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ferralsols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%81%E9%93%9D%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铁铝土（页面不存在）">铁铝土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferralsols" class="extiw" title="en:Ferralsols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ferralsols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黏磐土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E7%A3%90%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黏磐土（页面不存在）">黏磐土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planosols" class="extiw" title="en:Planosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滞水土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stagnosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%9E%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滞水土（页面不存在）">滞水土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagnosols" class="extiw" title="en:Stagnosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stagnosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="黑土">黑鈣土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栗钙土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kastanozems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E9%92%99%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栗钙土（页面不存在）">栗钙土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastanozems" class="extiw" title="en:Kastanozems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kastanozems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="黑土">黑土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暗色土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Umbrisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%97%E8%89%B2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暗色土（页面不存在）">暗色土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrisols" class="extiw" title="en:Umbrisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Umbrisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="硅胶结土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Durisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%85%E8%83%B6%E7%BB%93%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硅胶结土（页面不存在）">硅胶结土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durisols" class="extiw" title="en:Durisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Durisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="石膏土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gypsisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%86%8F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石膏土（页面不存在）">石膏土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsisols" class="extiw" title="en:Gypsisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gypsisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="钙积土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calcisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙积土（页面不存在）">钙积土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcisols" class="extiw" title="en:Calcisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calcisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="网状土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Retisol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%91%E7%8A%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="网状土（页面不存在）">网状土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retisol" class="extiw" title="en:Retisol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Retisol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F" title="強淋溶土">低活性强酸土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="低活性淋溶土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lixisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低活性淋溶土（页面不存在）">低活性淋溶土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixisols" class="extiw" title="en:Lixisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lixisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高活性强酸土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%BC%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高活性强酸土（页面不存在）">高活性强酸土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisols" class="extiw" title="en:Alisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高活性淋溶土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Luvisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B7%8B%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高活性淋溶土（页面不存在）">高活性淋溶土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luvisols" class="extiw" title="en:Luvisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Luvisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雏形土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cambisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%8F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雏形土（页面不存在）">雏形土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambisols" class="extiw" title="en:Cambisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cambisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="砂性土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arenosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂性土（页面不存在）">砂性土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenosols" class="extiw" title="en:Arenosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arenosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冲击土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fluvisols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冲击土（页面不存在）">冲击土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvisols" class="extiw" title="en:Fluvisols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fluvisols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疏松岩性土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regosols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%9D%BE%E5%B2%A9%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏松岩性土（页面不存在）">疏松岩性土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regosols" class="extiw" title="en:Regosols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regosols</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="粮农组织土壤分类" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="FAO soil classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%AE%E5%86%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粮农组织土壤分类（页面不存在）">粮农组织土壤分类</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAO_soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:FAO soil classification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">FAO soil classification</span></a></span>）</span></span> (1974–98)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="统一土壤分类系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unified Soil Classification System"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="统一土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">统一土壤分类系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Soil_Classification_System" class="extiw" title="en:Unified Soil Classification System"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unified Soil Classification System</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AASHTO 土壤分类系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AASHTO Soil Classification System"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AASHTO_%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AASHTO 土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">AASHTO 土壤分类系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHTO_Soil_Classification_System" class="extiw" title="en:AASHTO Soil Classification System"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AASHTO Soil Classification System</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤参考" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Référentiel pédologique"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤参考（页面不存在）">土壤参考</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel_p%C3%A9dologique" class="extiw" title="en:Référentiel pédologique"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Référentiel pédologique</span></a></span>）</span></span> (法国分类系统)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加拿大土壤分类系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canadian system of soil classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大土壤分类系统（页面不存在）">加拿大土壤分类系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_system_of_soil_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Canadian system of soil classification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canadian system of soil classification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚土壤分类" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australian Soil Classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚土壤分类（页面不存在）">澳大利亚土壤分类</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Soil_Classification" class="extiw" title="en:Australian Soil Classification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australian Soil Classification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波兰土壤分类" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish Soil Classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰土壤分类（页面不存在）">波兰土壤分类</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Soil_Classification" class="extiw" title="en:Polish Soil Classification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish Soil Classification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1938 年美国农业部土壤分类学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="1938 USDA soil taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 年美国农业部土壤分类学（页面不存在）">1938 年美国农业部土壤分类学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_USDA_soil_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:1938 USDA soil taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">1938 USDA soil taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国州土列表">美国州土列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄园土壤类型列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of vineyard soil types"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9B%AD%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄园土壤类型列表（页面不存在）">葡萄园土壤类型列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vineyard_soil_types" class="extiw" title="en:List of vineyard soil types"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of vineyard soil types</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非系统土壤类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99" title="沙">沙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5" title="淤泥">淤泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F" title="黏土">黏土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%9F" title="壤土">壤土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%9C%9F" title="表土">表土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%9C%9F" title="底土">底土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤结皮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil crust"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%B5%90%E7%9A%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤結皮">土壤结皮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_crust" class="extiw" title="en:Soil crust"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil crust</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="粘土层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Claypan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粘土层（页面不存在）">粘土层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claypan" class="extiw" title="en:Claypan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Claypan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="硬图层" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hardpan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E5%9B%BE%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬图层（页面不存在）">硬图层</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan" class="extiw" title="en:Hardpan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hardpan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="石膏皮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gypcrust"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%86%8F%E7%9A%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石膏皮（页面不存在）">石膏皮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypcrust" class="extiw" title="en:Gypcrust"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gypcrust</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡利切" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caliche"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%88%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡利切（页面不存在）">卡利切</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliche" class="extiw" title="en:Caliche"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caliche</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="母材" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parent material"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E6%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="母材（页面不存在）">母材</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent_material" class="extiw" title="en:Parent material"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parent material</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%88" title="土壤圈">土壤圈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球圈" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laimosphere"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球圈（页面不存在）">地球圈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laimosphere" class="extiw" title="en:Laimosphere"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laimosphere</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E9%99%85" title="根际">根际</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="散土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulk soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散土（页面不存在）">散土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Bulk soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulk soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="盐碱地">盐碱地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="湾泥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bay mud"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%BE%E6%B3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湾泥（页面不存在）">湾泥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_mud" class="extiw" title="en:Bay mud"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bay mud</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蓝粘液" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blue goo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%93%9D%E7%B2%98%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蓝粘液（页面不存在）">蓝粘液</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_goo" class="extiw" title="en:Blue goo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blue goo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="砖土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brickearth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖土（页面不存在）">砖土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickearth" class="extiw" title="en:Brickearth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brickearth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E5%9C%9F" title="棕土">棕土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="钙质草地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calcareous grassland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E8%B4%A8%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙质草地（页面不存在）">钙质草地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcareous_grassland" class="extiw" title="en:Calcareous grassland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calcareous grassland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暗土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dark earth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%97%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暗土（页面不存在）">暗土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_earth" class="extiw" title="en:Dark earth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dark earth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干流沙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dry quicksand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%B5%81%E6%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干流沙（页面不存在）">干流沙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_quicksand" class="extiw" title="en:Dry quicksand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dry quicksand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双相土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duplex soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E7%9B%B8%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双相土（页面不存在）">双相土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Duplex soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duplex soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%98%E7%A9%8D%E5%B1%A4" title="殘積層">殘積層</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="膨胀粘土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Expansive clay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膨胀粘土（页面不存在）">膨胀粘土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansive_clay" class="extiw" title="en:Expansive clay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Expansive clay</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="填充污垢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fill dirt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E6%B1%A1%E5%9E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="填充污垢（页面不存在）">填充污垢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_dirt" class="extiw" title="en:Fill dirt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fill dirt</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%9F" title="富勒土">富勒土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疏水土壤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydrophobic soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏水土壤（页面不存在）">疏水土壤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrophobic soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydrophobic soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%9F" title="黃土">黃土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="月球土壤">月球土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="火星土壤">火星土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5" title="泥">泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E8%8B%94%E6%B2%BC" title="厚苔沼">厚苔沼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古土壤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paleosol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古土壤（页面不存在）">古土壤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleosol" class="extiw" title="en:Paleosol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paleosol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭">泥炭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="优质农田" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prime farmland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%98%E8%B4%A8%E5%86%9C%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="优质农田（页面不存在）">优质农田</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_farmland" class="extiw" title="en:Prime farmland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prime farmland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蛇纹石土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Serpentine soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%87%E7%BA%B9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蛇纹石土（页面不存在）">蛇纹石土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Serpentine soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Serpentine soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%9F" title="灰化土">灰化土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯塔诺格利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stagnogley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯塔诺格利（页面不存在）">斯塔诺格利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagnogley" class="extiw" title="en:Stagnogley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stagnogley</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水下土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subaqueous soil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水下土（页面不存在）">水下土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaqueous_soil" class="extiw" title="en:Subaqueous soil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subaqueous soil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%9C%E9%BB%91%E5%9C%9F" title="亞馬遜黑土">亞馬遜黑土</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="红土（土种）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Terra rossa (soil)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E5%9C%9F%EF%BC%88%E5%9C%9F%E7%A7%8D%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红土（土种）（页面不存在）">红土（土种）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" class="extiw" title="en:Terra rossa (soil)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Terra rossa (soil)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热带泥炭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tropical peat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热带泥炭（页面不存在）">热带泥炭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_peat" class="extiw" title="en:Tropical peat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tropical peat</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="叶多玛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yedoma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叶多玛（页面不存在）">叶多玛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yedoma" class="extiw" title="en:Yedoma"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yedoma</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">應用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="土壤保護">土壤保護</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤管理（页面不存在）">土壤管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_management" class="extiw" title="en:Soil management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil guideline value" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil guideline value"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_guideline_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil guideline value（页面不存在）">Soil guideline value</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_guideline_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil guideline value"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil guideline value</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" title="土地測量">土地測量</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土工試驗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil test"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%B7%A5%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土工試驗（页面不存在）">土工試驗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test" class="extiw" title="en:Soil test"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil test</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤治理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil governance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤治理（页面不存在）">土壤治理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_governance" class="extiw" title="en:Soil governance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil governance</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Soil value" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil value"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soil_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soil value（页面不存在）">Soil value</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_value" class="extiw" title="en:Soil value"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil value</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤鹽分控制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil salinity control"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%B9%BD%E5%88%86%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤鹽分控制（页面不存在）">土壤鹽分控制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity_control" class="extiw" title="en:Soil salinity control"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil salinity control</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="侵蝕控制">侵蝕控制</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤政策（页面不存在）">土壤政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Soil policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="生態農業">生態農業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Liming (soil)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liming (soil)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liming_(soil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liming (soil)（页面不存在）">Liming (soil)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liming_(soil)" class="extiw" title="en:Liming (soil)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liming (soil)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="地球化学">地球化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="岩石学">岩石學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地形學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土力工程">土力工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地质学">水文地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="农学">农学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">協會，倡議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際土壤科學聯合會">土壤科學國際聯盟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國土壤學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil Science Society of America"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國土壤學會（页面不存在）">美國土壤學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Science_Society_of_America" class="extiw" title="en:Soil Science Society of America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil Science Society of America</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%B9%B4" title="國際土壤年">國際土壤年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="世界土壤大會">世界土壤大會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="水土保持協會">水土保持協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="中国水土保持学会">中国水土保持学会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">參見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="土地利用">土地利用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地流轉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land conversion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%81%E8%BD%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地流轉（页面不存在）">土地流轉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_conversion" class="extiw" title="en:Land conversion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land conversion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="土地管理">土地管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="浸潤（水文）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infiltration (hydrology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B8%E6%BD%A4%EF%BC%88%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浸潤（水文）（页面不存在）">浸潤（水文）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrology)" class="extiw" title="en:Infiltration (hydrology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infiltration (hydrology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">地壳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不透水面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Impervious surface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%8F%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不透水面（页面不存在）">不透水面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious_surface" class="extiw" title="en:Impervious surface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Impervious surface</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="Category:土壤">土壤</a></li> <li>  <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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