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F44: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that does not preserve meaning and operability | WAI | W3C
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>F44: Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that does not preserve meaning and operability | WAI | W3C</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://w3.org/WAI/assets/css/style.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../base.css"> </head><body dir="ltr"> <a href="#main" class="button button--skip-link">Skip to content</a> <div class="minimal-header-container default-grid"> <header class="minimal-header" id="site-header"> <div class="minimal-header-name"> <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Techniques/">WCAG 2.2 Techniques</a> </div> <div class="minimal-header-subtitle">Examples of ways to meet WCAG; not required</div> <a class="minimal-header-link" href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Techniques/about">About WCAG Techniques</a> <div class="minimal-header-logo"> <a href="http://w3.org/" 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45.5h-1.816l-2.784-9.355c-.41-1.394-.65-2.334-.722-2.823-.104.749-.332 1.71-.684 2.881L129.04 45.5h-1.817l-3.779-14.277h1.875l2.217 8.72c.3 1.14.527 2.272.684 3.399.143-1.068.397-2.237.761-3.506l2.52-8.613h1.855l2.627 8.681c.339 1.127.6 2.272.781 3.438.105-.899.336-2.038.694-3.418l2.207-8.701h1.875zm14.57 0l-1.718-4.424h-5.664l-1.7 4.424h-1.816l5.576-14.336h1.621l5.567 14.336zm-2.256-6.016l-1.601-4.326-.684-2.138c-.195.78-.4 1.494-.615 2.138l-1.621 4.326zm10.098 6.016h-5.156v-1.035l1.68-.381V32.658l-1.68-.4v-1.035h5.156v1.035l-1.68.4v11.426l1.68.38z"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </header> </div> <div class="default-grid with-gap leftcol"> <aside class="box nav-hack sidebar standalone-resource__sidebar"> <header class="box-h">Page Contents</header> <div class="box-i"> <nav aria-label="page contents" class="navtoc"> <ul><li><a href="#technique">About this Technique</a></li> <li><a href="#description">Description</a></li> <li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> <li><a href="#resources">Related Resources</a></li> <li><a href="#tests">Tests</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </aside> <main id="main" class="standalone-resource__main"> <h1><span>Technique F44:</span>Failure of Success Criterion 2.4.3 due to using tabindex to create a tab order that does not preserve meaning and operability</h1> <section id="technique" class="box"> <h2 class="box-h box-h-icon">About this Technique</h2> <div class="box-i"> <p> This technique relates to <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-order">2.4.3: Focus Order</a> (<strong>Failure</strong>).</p> <p>This failure applies to HTML.</p></div> </section> <section id="description"><h2>Description</h2> <p>This document describes a failure that occurs when the tab order does not follow logical relationships and sequences in the content.</p> <p>Focusable elements like links and form elements have a tabindex attribute. The elements receive focus in ascending order of the value of the tabindex attribute. When the values of the tabindex attribute are assigned in a different order than the relationships and sequences in the content, the tab order no longer follows the relationships and sequences in the content.</p> <p>One of the most common causes of this failure occurs when editing a page where tabindex has been used. It is easy for the tab order and the content order to fall out of correspondence when the content is edited but the tabindex attributes are not updated to reflect the changes to the content.</p> </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2> <section class="example" id="example-1"><h3>Example 1</h3> <p>The following example incorrectly uses tabindex to specify an alternative tab order:</p> <pre xml:space="preserve"><code class="language-html"><ol> <li><a href="main.html" tabindex="1">Homepage</a></li> <li><a href="chapter1.html" tabindex="4">Chapter 1</a></li> <li><a href="chapter2.html" tabindex="3">Chapter 2</a></li> <li><a href="chapter3.html" tabindex="2">Chapter 3</a></li> </ol></code></pre> <p>If this list is navigated by the tab key, the list is navigated in the order Homepage, chapter 3, chapter 2, chapter 1, which does not follow the sequence in the content.</p> </section> <section class="example" id="example-2"><h3>Example 2</h3> <p>The tab order has been set explicitly in a Web page by providing tabindex attributes for all fields. Later, the page is modified to add a new field in the middle of the page, but the author forgets to add a tabindex attribute to the new field. As a result, the new field is at the end of the tab order.</p> </section> </section><section id="resources"><h2>Related Resources</h2> <p style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;"><em><small>No endorsement implied.</small></em></p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#the-tabindex-attribute">HTML - the <code class="language-html">tabindex</code> attribute</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="tests"><h2>Tests</h2> <section class="procedure" id="procedure"><h3>Procedure</h3> <ol> <li>If tabindex is used, check that the tab order specified by the tabindex attributes follows relationships in the content.</li> </ol> </section> <section class="results" id="expected-results"><h3>Expected Results</h3> <ul> <li>If check #1 is false, then this failure condition applies and content fails the Success Criterion.</li> </ul> </section> </section> <a class="button button-backtotop" href="#top"> <span> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up " viewBox="0 0 26 28"> <path d="M25.172 15.172c0 0.531-0.219 1.031-0.578 1.406l-1.172 1.172c-0.375 0.375-0.891 0.594-1.422 0.594s-1.047-0.219-1.406-0.594l-4.594-4.578v11c0 1.125-0.938 1.828-2 1.828h-2c-1.062 0-2-0.703-2-1.828v-11l-4.594 4.578c-0.359 0.375-0.875 0.594-1.406 0.594s-1.047-0.219-1.406-0.594l-1.172-1.172c-0.375-0.375-0.594-0.875-0.594-1.406s0.219-1.047 0.594-1.422l10.172-10.172c0.359-0.375 0.875-0.578 1.406-0.578s1.047 0.203 1.422 0.578l10.172 10.172c0.359 0.375 0.578 0.891 0.578 1.422z"></path> </svg> Back to Top </span> </a> </main> <aside class="box box-icon box-space-above" id="helpimprove" style="grid-column: 2 / 8; grid-row: 3"> <header class="box-h box-h-icon box-h-space-above box-h-icon"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-comments" viewBox="0 0 28 28"> <path d="M22 12c0 4.422-4.922 8-11 8-0.953 0-1.875-0.094-2.75-0.25-1.297 0.922-2.766 1.594-4.344 2-0.422 0.109-0.875 0.187-1.344 0.25h-0.047c-0.234 0-0.453-0.187-0.5-0.453v0c-0.063-0.297 0.141-0.484 0.313-0.688 0.609-0.688 1.297-1.297 1.828-2.594-2.531-1.469-4.156-3.734-4.156-6.266 0-4.422 4.922-8 11-8s11 3.578 11 8zM28 16c0 2.547-1.625 4.797-4.156 6.266 0.531 1.297 1.219 1.906 1.828 2.594 0.172 0.203 0.375 0.391 0.313 0.688v0c-0.063 0.281-0.297 0.484-0.547 0.453-0.469-0.063-0.922-0.141-1.344-0.25-1.578-0.406-3.047-1.078-4.344-2-0.875 0.156-1.797 0.25-2.75 0.25-2.828 0-5.422-0.781-7.375-2.063 0.453 0.031 0.922 0.063 1.375 0.063 3.359 0 6.531-0.969 8.953-2.719 2.609-1.906 4.047-4.484 4.047-7.281 0-0.812-0.125-1.609-0.359-2.375 2.641 1.453 4.359 3.766 4.359 6.375z"></path> </svg> <h2>Help improve this page</h2> </header> <div class="box-i"> <p>Please share your ideas, suggestions, or comments via e-mail to the publicly-archived list <a href="mailto:public-agwg-comments@w3.org?subject=%5BUnderstanding%20and%20Techniques%20Feedback%5D">public-agwg-comments@w3.org</a> or via GitHub</p> <div class="button-group"> <a href="mailto:public-agwg-comments@w3.org?subject=%5BUnderstanding%20and%20Techniques%20Feedback%5D" class="button"><span>E-mail</span></a> <a href="https://github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/" class="button"><span>Fork & Edit on GitHub</span></a> <a href="https://github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/new" class="button"><span>New GitHub Issue</span></a> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <footer id="wai-site-footer" class="page-footer default-grid" aria-label="Page"> <div class="inner" style="grid-column: 2 / 8"> <p><strong>Date:</strong> Updated 27 August 2024.</p> <p><strong>Developed by</strong> <a href="https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/ag/participants">Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (AG WG) Participants</a> (Co-Chairs: Alastair Campbell, Charles Adams, Rachael Bradley Montgomery. 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