CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e70fac6d1ff3',cH: 'pu52Weq3LI152T3xqcA1Z7lhw4iHF56X7N1xJkRc9Q0-1739786134-1.2.1.1-DXCvWrCUT9rlwXd3QfOzm6V0SmEQfczHjw4HEggNcZYcW4zP5BCqojOE2e.beLeS',cUPMDTk: "\/10001120\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=Nr_ccjnLgKmO0GuWsbAWm1nunzAx4UQHlvGaMWXPMVc-1739786134-1.0.1.1-x.ltFNRbDGUzx3jvsORZ2k1EnQjpqC70w6P2d63b6Lo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786134',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10001120\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=Nr_ccjnLgKmO0GuWsbAWm1nunzAx4UQHlvGaMWXPMVc-1739786134-1.0.1.1-x.ltFNRbDGUzx3jvsORZ2k1EnQjpqC70w6P2d63b6Lo",md: "1zJ_ge6M8m.B2W3d3QRMb6wdRxVcFBWfkRw0.dZbRew-1739786134-1.2.1.1-9bSOl_s9V9.aNI_NlmXDiLG4IbbjmiNJ8ljCLHhV51tkqHab9Xslr_N6rmWsvRONOC.Jvh6NOYVjj.Qub.Dd0GLaJH0tx2t.tlm0zLyJc.FPdEiruWPSAXZLceiJ1gvEpUuU3CBRg092QpCBLt8.xjMJdwfpZh4gZN5ti0ja._0ZpOaZ9qgHacQStiInkn9KvTBeW70pyMK58VCQ4aOu4mbMVGs8ZXnESpRKT37XHFUwcDHKcVdeEenrTtopGh8IjM9BRxv00MyerPfDS8841fioFQBx_KKjZqOwd.3hgB0n4cxgGca_.HHUdbmWvb_OC9bdL7UyW32pB0NXvJKsas9biRBlg5onafmJ2lEw1PIN6x9Ai_BCZ5lNrH2ktg3.T9lP8cFRY_jVBfuBvKjuGSNO0EB3PEWW8IIOC_PBbniTf.eLXWpg8DzdkxQ7jjZcINzpDqTnRCDw0P0NJeRh.hu4Vj2KbDul87py2kdReK.NDgSF3RNPdsGmgto49UJU2PuxwPl88tINtVNMcUn34RKV2_E.aFHNd3LW68Ulmp1npPvRQBsioH8XwgqGF5HD6qDrLMg02dYAFMXiqq7g0rsJHL.vk8OgdAXalSdwGzmJXeIupB6ia18SfeYsQbE_bNmM_GzXoYnDf6KQ3U4DOC72ClNnTyBvsuXfXutxaRAGerIc2UVwoM9QDhASyUIACwf9LRTPMQD34HRpUs4MN9l5Vm_Bvab1xsp4RU5GdddIM5QQsu40zcBWestHhz8t4AaFyVqJqECB1JHzNXQG6jGmlJaVtFuX0Y4.6nOsPvABHLWixuY0gc9gY3JLBa1lU_OIzXepx4mYLa3Dihb45avM2baetAnUKoiRleu1TE_JmyXRAWl8CyDBV_UMoraX.PIh92p.i9zYKMq1uFHV6DCEgi56y.vqQbhsvyUuu09IG5YnIAwgxGsE7HFQ7CVQMKAhDSPhiL54U4J2I4VflB.2aoZxNrfQ8114Zn_pae8r9TdfSrAeSTFyu5anh757L_T2p2.YgkaFWOmrxlBnWjj1wulIQGWyuZoGhB_ffLvvxTxagzvQU4wTAzCpOLYd.7s.UC.Ad1P21FT6Wu8cg5xNcS6d1Atp9DNmuzOLLk2t0PVLss6XI6rCP7unABxL6cGZOfZA2PfHx6xfcMai7zut3acVvg_7091_Uo.m860roOMHdMdgZVZfyNawiFzwRnQIS267QASNYG04sC9BkRvI2yp6NPC5FXp7gYxFI7Km16Ixp135luwMBj0Ypjie51DuUQREE_5aTwk2fmraDUuCDcIw1SXOwVlPItplQcql7XdHElypzmOJzluKHOO8bTNE.UCu3uTQbocDW0HSMzI_mFpsVlNbapYPZ3QsHcqvCVyjsWf3nSk_qy9A1cC34wcaizagkpH4R.iCeX1GDAXV2.n4b_EZR9mRmV4RARFtr.PPuhy5SemMu7qZH8zFxUz_F2rVYaeW2FyqIIaGaspG62U2U0EmdU4.p6ovLWhyWdfNi7SrCn5L6JGO8oL0LYE01p3HEH5C2huBCjrOlW.HAwxV.fuu.9ZUAZu4PjHGpHtMDMIhQPm89396_oSPHFOxCou6qhWFQrWzP2bI4_Eum6BBXQ1Bq6WO0VN_gZ5bCNIGEMMqR_dWIiFE9z7A4rTuQivuSqwvuEXO5nBHoKrRJJCMUnW9d5Arn9UINW1kwb7ciCa7vnq9dV4KFSCGpDjYj0K9x.TX_C0TEkcYXKLqmP0e0uYToL.XLJOeIo902yqm9Xbhc8u.uoEm98bWHR27z5exSaWFqJmUkVcjE6PgHKFqpAtMLvADxk1Ttisx1iTmYchfwSABtinfS_.YaYOn3SNOLYKzqIbt4MxwCAPnO8J2G1hl_uQTdDcjCa4",mdrd: "v0o9EQK8Yb_PDkrEaReB6xw5f_c7a_g6F6XLBQbi6G4-1739786134-1.2.1.1-QBYqL0OdNBxsrrIjCm2P0DUl_NMnp1rAyNZQ6r0IDwUF2zCsKAuILivJDFd_Jk9PsLBFrbdaVjuhgh9MKa_5L6Dy3kbkt3ENXlaAhKPHzHip.mDXl8HnmHlxE39oo8rhldqNnFaCtf0DBLRgISAMH.1MYJIt65KemvgG7d5wHVFgyib.XyzioPmsTq7bu1.yltuCsuRByFDA2goSXtgs5ho4oPreE1QCwU5kEOXRs2exrXytPsautIS5Bndgzdbo_OIaXUyqtdetKCFwoW5ged_y7mrq5UFWwAc6R1qnTzQ2cTut4Xf6CLvVVin8nK3ifqYFa4_QzxlrVBUf6_h5abahFEDpTi0XUA7bMM5x2EXcZzP_08zNdcL7hkQc3xmuKXaQx2LzNL8.CS8pQS2hGQaJY0LSaA9RS8SjGfB_5UDK80u.ocxFJgB5kEcNKZl7QOjqYU2qOINLIcsEQD_C3SQyli7ZucxceGlThO2TRweWjF3gXmV9ZcKRce53mU3ooVTxYU7SyAkO73kDSNxVsFlxMxg8GOJNlkVnSGm0_3DMx8gXrudgwmpUB37rVxiDwjKrJAuojYIOyktVwaFLU8dCNoEYuVPwdo2yahQe_U1cCGctEhHB.72ubhBX124HrEySFcQ8QHQ0SVavJFmYyzSFbzO9QvkBh_scI0KrsEhzsINQE9m249czN4ZFaRnq7Ax5Z9P7mxh5NH8V7RzoF.hvqeng2WFbSEa40ampUZ4YsC5qB4RPTi6FMs86MsPcM2TvFf793.RS13ZMfdYtGDuJ5OHjuYgCFw1olh48_dlkkAsUHnenIOoXVbfqCzwCukkVnZ9Tuqp6M6tAhM4Hkif9dGHFoToOXrXcEQ.tMWDHH5STbSgpnVDplj.u.9mc1qwC9ILik.dg1n2CbYJs0sHXgAnRr31KtjBhLsw59y30WGKe6KRoIWUZPtZh5A.B5_5PzyB0d4fFZn9c1ppoI3F3RFsM_EFOjU9ze3Z0SOvlFT8E9Ku8aytUI9qp7PBb8P8qIhxba0Clh_aqUz_8LxDxQSyKwI8QnU3DxQBduv1Mi7uGYZ9mUMXjz6L3BjVtZxgY_jh16GweiVuCyG9biQvJnjLxwDcBmZ0GM_2csZji7QNmt66mynKtgeLVl5QZeofuslX4G_wo3LOC5GI7qO_mxYVSErd7aZq74WXD8u0U2x.rGFVeqJjLVs_EK9nIiVxak3z_X8xilFyuW0RLoMjh52X.kBqamLHCl.mgKZ3d3LFUH17HE8f.j6VAJu80LjMavavieBbk0MLB2cGwCQRSKm7Olp3Po7R1k6NJlW7Oa8rZgWyqaMApqiSFcxEfLNdkjT6RI7tdar88E5Qv10pvsgyBXf1Aagc68U8hW6_n5ELgF5uwz2r8alM6odSF0MxjAIdtrra3vxLl6gJO.qo96vGhSPw87VTopB2dkr1hnBJv9RmFr7c.Jke42wnjHIHfu.gUB3wE4NXzY7OJQYCJK2xLvNyWZW9Kxe10gQJjN02jHWdms931O8.0sWiGvoLdEePQfgaBU80drT84IuOQzRBlnZmY10NHmm4UuOw6X6xJRrN9S5I1HWQ9pjeKwVwPfvYHhfQ5D_dRWcdpQyez_VDLFVu1vay6dUx37UTztRRsfIbbdnuIBqLxvpLYqhWfUdcTUNf.8eeil9fOU3Gv7pX3X4Hyh70ZsiZXD2TAjxXIw0vHOAZKxBKeNAKaxAuSCTdfEuVzSCy1X6IOErzLqRsdLs7FUMqakBikTr6J1tVaLD6EpVpo1uPdXw6OgodLelfvL5D5FfDT81uxZoVmYxIISPXE44XGvVxooGadZgTkTGoeCsRH.BxqA60Ot83kXiouYwI0fvxWARRwk_zdmrs03q7l5TM9CnFdJIV6edavsmFYGSnaIbyl.5yaj58BJ09ej19zlQlUPw7IrJ_9MYGBJUwe6acZJouos1sjWDs30DuzqqatPZqfwIYu"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e70fac6d1ff3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10001120\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Nr_ccjnLgKmO0GuWsbAWm1nunzAx4UQHlvGaMWXPMVc-1739786134-1.0.1.1-x.ltFNRbDGUzx3jvsORZ2k1EnQjpqC70w6P2d63b6Lo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>