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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gushikawa_(具志川)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gushikawa_(具志川)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Gushikawa (具志川)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gushikawa_(具志川)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ishikawa_(石川)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ishikawa_(石川)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Ishikawa (石川)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ishikawa_(石川)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katsuren_(勝連)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katsuren_(勝連)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Katsuren (勝連)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katsuren_(勝連)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yonashiro_(与那城)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yonashiro_(与那城)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Yonashiro (与那城)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yonashiro_(与那城)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighboring_municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighboring_municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Neighboring municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighboring_municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Land areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Land_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Land areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Land_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Okinawan_mainland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okinawan_mainland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Okinawan mainland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okinawan_mainland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katsuren_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katsuren_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Katsuren Peninsula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katsuren_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yokatsu_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yokatsu_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Yokatsu Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yokatsu_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Community centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Highway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_of_Kinwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_of_Kinwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Port of Kinwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_of_Kinwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Hospital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable places</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_places-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable places subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iha_Shell_Mound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iha_Shell_Mound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Iha Shell Mound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iha_Shell_Mound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agena_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agena_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Agena Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agena_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katsuren_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katsuren_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Katsuren Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katsuren_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._military_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._military_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>U.S. military bases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._military_bases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle U.S. military bases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._military_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kadena_Ammunition_Storage_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kadena_Ammunition_Storage_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Kadena Ammunition Storage Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kadena_Ammunition_Storage_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp_Courtney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp_Courtney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Camp Courtney</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camp_Courtney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camp_McTureous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camp_McTureous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Camp McTureous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camp_McTureous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_Beach_Naval_Facility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_Beach_Naval_Facility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>White Beach Naval Facility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_Beach_Naval_Facility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_people_from_Uruma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_people_from_Uruma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Famous people from Uruma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_people_from_Uruma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uruma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7)" title="يوروما (أوكيناوا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوروما (أوكيناوا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma-chh%C4%AB" title="Uruma-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Uruma-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma_(lungsod_sa_Hapon)" title="Uruma (lungsod sa Hapon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Uruma (lungsod sa Hapon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="اوروما، اوکیناوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوروما، اوکیناوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%A3%A8%EB%A7%88%EC%8B%9C" title="우루마시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우루마시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="اوروما، اوکیناوا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوروما، اوکیناوا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82" title="うるま市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="うるま市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0" title="อูรูมะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อูรูมะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma" title="Uruma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uruma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Урума – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Урума" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma,_Okinawa" title="Uruma, Okinawa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Uruma, Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%B5%81%E9%BA%BB%E5%B8%82" title="宇流麻市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="宇流麻市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruma,_Okinawa" title="Uruma, Okinawa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Uruma, Okinawa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%B5%81%E9%BA%BB" title="宇流麻 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宇流麻" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%B5%81%E9%BA%BB%E5%B8%82" title="宇流麻市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宇流麻市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q694313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Uruma&params=26_22_45_N_127_51_27_E_region:JP_type:city(125303)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°22′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">127°51′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.37917°N 127.85750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.37917; 127.85750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Uruma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Uruma (disambiguation)">Uruma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kyushu, Japan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Uruma</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ja"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">うるま市</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uruma_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uruma City Montage"><img alt="Uruma City Montage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Uruma_Montage.jpg/250px-Uruma_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Uruma_Montage.jpg/375px-Uruma_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Uruma_Montage.jpg/500px-Uruma_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Uruma City Montage</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uruma,_Okinawa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Uruma"><img alt="Flag of Uruma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Uruma,_Okinawa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Uruma"><img alt="Official seal of Uruma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Uruma%2C_Okinawa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="146" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Uruma in Okinawa Prefecture"><img alt="Location of Uruma in Okinawa Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg/250px-Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg/375px-Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg/500px-Uruma_in_Okinawa_Prefecture_Ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="652" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Uruma in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uruma is located in Japan"><img alt="Uruma is located in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/250px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/375px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg/500px-Japan_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="373" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.139%;left:82.949%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uruma"><img alt="Uruma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Uruma</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"> </div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Uruma&params=26_22_45_N_127_51_27_E_region:JP_type:city(125303)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°22′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">127°51′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.37917°N 127.85750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.37917; 127.85750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Masato Nakamura</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">86.00 km<sup>2</sup> (33.20 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-ishikawadake_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawadake-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">204 m (669 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(October 1, 2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">125,303</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500/km<sup>2</sup> (3,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B9" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+9">UTC+9</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">Japan Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">– Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_ferrea" title="Diospyros ferrea">Ryuūkyū kuroki</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">– Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ixora_chinensis" title="Ixora chinensis">Santanka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">– Bird</th><td class="infobox-data">Chaan (Ryukyuan <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">cock</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phone number</th><td class="infobox-data">098-974-3111</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">1-1-1 Midori-machi, Uruma-shi, Okinawa-ken<br />904–2292</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/">www<wbr />.city<wbr />.uruma<wbr />.lg<wbr />.jp</a></span><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uruma</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">うるま市</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Uruma-shi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">city</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern city of Uruma was established on April 1, 2005, when the cities of <a href="/wiki/Gushikawa,_Okinawa" title="Gushikawa, Okinawa">Gushikawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa,_Okinawa" title="Ishikawa, Okinawa">Ishikawa</a> were merged with the towns of <a href="/wiki/Katsuren,_Okinawa" title="Katsuren, Okinawa">Katsuren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yonashiro,_Okinawa" title="Yonashiro, Okinawa">Yonashiro</a> (both from <a href="/wiki/Nakagami_District,_Okinawa" title="Nakagami District, Okinawa">Nakagami District</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-d_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1 October 2020, the city has an estimated <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> of 125,303 and a <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> of 1,500 people per km<sup>2</sup>. The total area is 86.00 km<sup>2</sup>. The city covers part of the east coast of the south of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a>, and the eight <a href="/wiki/Yokatsu_Islands" title="Yokatsu Islands">Yokatsu Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yokatsu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yokatsu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yokatsu Islands include numerous sites important to the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a>, and the city as a whole has numerous historical sites, including: <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Castle" title="Katsuren Castle">Katsuren Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agena_Castle" title="Agena Castle">Agena Castle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iha_Castle" title="Iha Castle">Iha Castle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iha_Shell_Mound" title="Iha Shell Mound">Iha Shell Mound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to the largest venue for <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dgy%C5%AB" title="Tōgyū">Okinawan bullfighting</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mid-Sea_Road" title="Mid-Sea Road">Mid-Sea Road</a>, which crosses the ocean and connects the Yokatsu Islands to the main island of Okinawa, is now a symbol of Uruma.<sup id="cite_ref-d_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kaichu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaichu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uruma is noted for its role in hosting large-scale refugee camps and the initial organization of local government of Okinawa immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a> in 1945. As such the city is considered the home of the starting point of the restoration of civil life in Okinawa immediately after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uruma-e_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uruma-e-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States maintains four military bases in Uruma, some of which span other municipalities in Okinawa: Kadena Ammunition Storage Area, <a href="/wiki/Camp_McTureous" title="Camp McTureous">Camp McTureous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Courtney" title="Camp Courtney">Camp Courtney</a>, and White Beach Naval Facility. The bases cover 12.97% of the total area of the city. Two controversies have surrounded American military bases in Uruma: the <a href="/wiki/1959_Okinawa_F-100_crash" title="1959 Okinawa F-100 crash">1959 Okinawa F-100 crash</a> which killed and injured numerous students and residents, and the transport of <a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a> via the White Beach Naval Facility for testing in Okinawa in the early 1960s as part of the classified Project AGILE.<sup id="cite_ref-orange_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orange-2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orange-3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> the name of the city is written using the <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> syllabary instead of <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> characters because, according to the city, it looks endearing and soft.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the city of Uruma comes from a poetic name for Okinawa Island. A folk etymology, which was adopted by the city itself,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> segments <i>uruma</i> into <i>uru</i> (fine sand or <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a>) and <i>*ma</i> (island?). Another theory<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2024)">whose?</span></a></i>]</sup> relates it to <i>urumaa</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">cricket</a> in Okinawan. </p><p>The Okinawan origin of the word, however, has long been questioned. In fact, it was in mainland Japan that the word was first attested and eventually came to refer to Okinawa. The first known reference to <i>uruma</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a> poem by <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kint%C5%8D" title="Fujiwara no Kintō">Fujiwara no Kintō</a> in the early 11th century. He compared a woman's coldheartedness to the incomprehensible speech of drifters from <i>Ureung</i> Island (迂陵島, identified as <a href="/wiki/Ulleungdo" title="Ulleungdo">Ulleung Island</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo Kingdom</a>, which Kintō called Silla, a practice rather common in <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian-period</a> Japan. However, the association with Ulleung Island was soon forgotten because the reference to Silla was dropped when his poem was recorded in the <i><a href="/wiki/Senzai_Wakash%C5%AB" title="Senzai Wakashū">Senzai Wakashū</a></i> (1188). Thereafter waka poets only thought <i>uruma</i> as an island somewhere outside Japan with an unintelligible language. At the same time, it evoked a sense of familiarity because the phrase <i>uruma no ichi</i> (market in Uruma) was <a href="/wiki/Makurakotoba" title="Makurakotoba">poetically associated with</a> <a href="/wiki/Mino_Province" title="Mino Province">Mino Province</a>. From the viewpoint of mainland Japanese poets, Okinawa might have been an ideal referent of <i>uruma</i> because, despite the exotic name of <i>Ryūkyū</i>, the first reference to Okinawan-composed waka poems was as early as 1496. The first known identification of <i>uruma</i> as Okinawa Island can be found in the <i>Moshiogusa</i> (1513), but the association remained weak for some time. For example, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, in addition to Okinawa, was referred to as <i>uruma</i> in the <i>Shōzaishū</i> (1597). The mainland Japanese poetic practice was adopted by Okinawan waka poets in the late 17th century. The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omoidegusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omoidegusa (page does not exist)">Omoidegusa</a></i> (1700), a purely Japanese <a href="/wiki/Poetic_diary" title="Poetic diary">poetic diary</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shikina_Seimei" title="Shikina Seimei">Shikina Seimei</a>, is known for its extensive use of the word <i>uruma</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-yara2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yara2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG/220px-Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG/330px-Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG/440px-Nakabaruiseki_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Nakabaru Site, Ikei Island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sanzan_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanzan Period">Sanzan Period</a> (1322–1429), or Three Kingdom period, numerous <a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a>, or castles were built across Okinawa Island. The area of present-day Uruma fell under the control of the Chūzan Kingdom, which covered the central area of Okinawa Island and its nearby islands. The Katsuren area of Uruma became notably prosperous in the mid-15th century. Katsuren Castle, and a surrounding jōkamachi castle town, were constructed in this period. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu Kingdom</a> six <a href="/wiki/Magiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Magiri">magiri</a>, a type of regional administrative district in pre-modern Okinawa, covered areas of present-day Uruma: 'Nzatō Magiri (parts of which were also located in present-day Okinawa City), Gushichaa Magiri, Kachin magiri, and Yunagushiku Magiri. Nakagushiku Magiri included Tsuken Island.<sup id="cite_ref-misato_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misato-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gushikawa-m_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gushikawa-m-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Kingdom">Ryūkyū Kingdom</a> ended in 1872 with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Domain">Ryūkyū Domain</a>, which was soon abolished with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a> in 1879. The existing system of <a href="/wiki/Magiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Magiri">magiri</a> in Uruma continued with the establishment of Okinawa Prefecture. The magiri were abolished in 1907 under Imperial Edict 46, and the central government extended the establishment of cities, towns, and village organization to Okinawa Prefecture. In 1908 the area of present-day Uruma was reorganized as the five villages of Misato, Gushikawa, Katsuren, and Yonashiro.<sup id="cite_ref-misato_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misato-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gushikawa-m_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gushikawa-m-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the pre-war period Uruma had the most productive <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> industry in Okinawa Prefecture due to sources of irrigation and fertile soil. </p><p>The areas of present-day Uruma were affected in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> during the initial part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a>. L-Day, the initial land invasion of Okinawa Island, occurred on April 1, 1945. American forces swept across the island quickly, and by April 5 had secured the entirety of the Katsuren Peninsula. A smaller invasion force captured Tsuken Island on the same day, and encountered stiff resistance from the Japanese military. Tsuken Island was completely devastated by fire in the battle. After the capture of Tsuken, American forces reached Ikei Island on April 9, thus securing all the Yokatsu Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-ww2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area that became <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa,_Okinawa" title="Ishikawa, Okinawa">Ishikawa</a> was a major refugee camp set up by the American military near the end of the battle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_period">Post-war period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg/220px-1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg/330px-1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, June 30, 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okinawa Advisory Council (page does not exist)">Okinawa Advisory Council</a>, the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Government_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands" title="United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands">United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands</a> was established in Ishikawa, and temporarily became the political, educational, and cultural center of Okinawa. In 1946 the Advisory Council was moved to the village of Sashiki, now a district of Nanjō, refugees began a large-scale movement to return to their homes, and the population of Ishikawa decreased rapidly. In the aftermath of World War II the Ishikawa area of Uruma was used as a large-scale refugee camp. The camp was built and operated by the U.S. occupation forces, and is considered the starting point of the reconstruction and recovery of Okinawa after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uruma-e_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uruma-e-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1959_Okinawa_F-100_crash" title="1959 Okinawa F-100 crash">1959 Okinawa F-100 crash</a> occurred on June 30, 1959. In the crash, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">North American F-100 Super Sabre</a> on a flight from nearby <a href="/wiki/Kadena_Air_Base" title="Kadena Air Base">Kadena Air Base</a> suffered an engine fire and crashed into Miyamori Elementary School and surrounding houses. Eleven students and six other people in the neighborhood were killed, and 210 were injured, including 156 students at the school. The F-100 crash contributed to ill will among the Okinawan population towards the U.S. occupation authorities, and strengthened calls for the island to be returned to the control of the Japanese government.<sup id="cite_ref-himawari_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himawari-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-himawari-r_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-himawari-r-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Uruma was formed on April 1, 2005 from the merger of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Gushikawa,_Okinawa" title="Gushikawa, Okinawa">Gushikawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa,_Okinawa" title="Ishikawa, Okinawa">Ishikawa</a>, and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Katsuren,_Okinawa" title="Katsuren, Okinawa">Katsuren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yonashiro,_Okinawa" title="Yonashiro, Okinawa">Yonashiro</a>, both from <a href="/wiki/Nakagami_District,_Okinawa" title="Nakagami District, Okinawa">Nakagami District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uruma, despite its low amount of arable land, is noted for several agricultural products. The city, like most areas of Okinawa, produces <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cut_flowers" title="Cut flowers">Cut flowers</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">chrysanthemums</a>, are a relatively new agricultural product. Land improvement has made small-scale <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> production possible. Pigs have been raised in Uruma since the end of World War II. </p><p>Uruma produces also several specialty agricultural products. The city is noted for the production of mozuku seaweed. Tsuken Island produces a specialty variety of carrots, which are known in Japan as the "Tsuken Ninjin". "Nuchi-masu", or the "salt of life", is produced from the mineral-rich seawater of Uruma. Yamashiro-cha is a locally produced tea grown in the Yamashiro area of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawa_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gushikawa_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gushikawa-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg/220px-Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg/330px-Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg/440px-Kin_Bay_from_Ikei_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kin Bay viewed from Ikei Island.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg/220px-Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg/330px-Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg/440px-Mount_Ishikawa_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Height marker on top of Mount Ishikawa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Uruma is located near the center of Okinawa Island, facing east. The city occupies the southern rim of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kin_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kin Bay (page does not exist)">Kin Bay</a> as well as the north of <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Bay" title="Nakagusuku Bay">Nakagusuku Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest point in the city is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ishikawa" title="Mount Ishikawa">Mount Ishikawa</a> at 204 metres (669 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawadake_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawadake-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-menseki_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menseki-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The longest river in the city is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengan River (page does not exist)">Tengan River</a>, which runs for 12.20 kilometres (7.58 mi) from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Yomitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Yomitan (page does not exist)">Mount Yomitan</a> (201 metres (659 ft)) to Kin Bay in the Akano district of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-tengan_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tengan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city includes sixty-two wards, repartited in the four former municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gushikawa_(具志川)"><span id="Gushikawa_.28.E5.85.B7.E5.BF.97.E5.B7.9D.29"></span>Gushikawa (具志川)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gushikawa (具志川)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>Agena (安慶名)</li> <li>Akamichi (赤道)</li> <li>Akano (赤野)</li> <li>Enobi (栄野比)</li> <li>Esu (江洲)</li> <li>Gushikawa (具志川)</li> <li>Iribaru (西原)</li> <li>Kanekadan (兼箇段)</li> <li>Kawasaki (川崎)</li> <li>Kawata (川田)</li> <li>Kinaka (喜仲)</li> <li>Konbu (昆布)</li> <li>Kyan (喜屋武)</li> <li>Maehara (前原)</li> <li>Midorimachi (みどり町)</li> <li>Miyazato (宮里)</li> <li>Nakamine (仲嶺)</li> <li>Ōta (大田)</li> <li>Shioya (塩屋)</li> <li>Suzaki (州崎)</li> <li>Taba (田場)</li> <li>Tairagawa (平良川)</li> <li>Takaesu (高江洲)</li> <li>Tengan (天願)</li> <li>Toyohara (豊原)</li> <li>Uezu (上江洲)</li> <li>Uken (宇堅)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ishikawa_(石川)"><span id="Ishikawa_.28.E7.9F.B3.E5.B7.9D.29"></span>Ishikawa (石川)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ishikawa (石川)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>Agariyama (東山)</li> <li>Agariyamamotomachi (東山本町)</li> <li>Akasaki (赤崎)</li> <li>Akebono (曙)</li> <li>Higashionna (東恩納)</li> <li>Higashionnazaki (東恩納崎)</li> <li>Iha (伊波)</li> <li>Ishikawa (石川)</li> <li>Ishizaki (石崎)</li> <li>Kadekaru (嘉手苅)</li> <li>Shirahama (白浜)</li> <li>Sonan (楚南)</li> <li>Yamashiro (山城)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Katsuren_(勝連)"><span id="Katsuren_.28.E5.8B.9D.E9.80.A3.29"></span>Katsuren (勝連)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Katsuren (勝連)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>Haebaru (南風原)</li> <li>Hama (浜)</li> <li>Hen'na (平安名)</li> <li>Heshikiya (平敷屋)</li> <li>Higa (比嘉)</li> <li>Uchima (内間)</li> <li>Tsuken (津堅)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yonashiro_(与那城)"><span id="Yonashiro_.28.E4.B8.8E.E9.82.A3.E5.9F.8E.29"></span>Yonashiro (与那城)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Yonashiro (与那城)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li>Aseri (安勢理)</li> <li>Chūō (中央)</li> <li>Henza (平安座)</li> <li>Hiramiya (平宮)</li> <li>Ikei (伊計)</li> <li>Ikemi (池味)</li> <li>Miyagi (宮城)</li> <li>Nishihara (西原)</li> <li>Nohen (饒辺)</li> <li>Okuhira (屋平)</li> <li>Teruma (照間)</li> <li>Tōbaru (桃原)</li> <li>Uehara (上原)</li> <li>Yakena (屋慶名)</li> <li>Yonashiro (与那城)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighboring_municipalities">Neighboring municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Neighboring municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami_District,_Okinawa" title="Kunigami District, Okinawa">Kunigami District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kin,_Okinawa" title="Kin, Okinawa">Kin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onna,_Okinawa" title="Onna, Okinawa">Onna</a><sup id="cite_ref-d_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa, Okinawa">Okinawa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_areas">Land areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Land areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg/220px-View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg/330px-View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg/440px-View_of_Yokatsu_Islands_from_Katsuren_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption>View of Yokatsu Islands from Katsuren Castle</figcaption></figure> <p>The city consists of three geographic areas: a land area on Okinawa Island proper, the <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a>, and the eight <a href="/wiki/Yokatsu_Islands" title="Yokatsu Islands">Yokatsu Islands</a>. The majority of the city of Uruma sits on a <a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">dissected plateau</a>, and has numerous hills and indentations. The islands of the city are flat and low-lying and are primarily composed of Ryukyuan <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-n_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Okinawan_mainland">Okinawan mainland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Okinawan mainland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land area of the city of Uruma on Okinawa Island includes the former cities of Ishikawa to the north and Gushikawa to the south. These areas are the most populated parts of the city, and are crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Expressway" title="Okinawa Expressway">Okinawa Expressway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_By-pass" title="Ishikawa By-pass">Ishikawa By-pass</a>. The area of Uruma on the Okinawan mainland is bordered by Kin Bay to the east, and has a long coastline with significant industrial development. The northernmost point of the city is marked by Ishikawadake (204 metres (669 ft)), a low hill on the border of Uruma and the city of Kin. The Kinbu Fishing Port is located in the Gushikawa area.<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawa_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gushikawa_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gushikawa-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katsuren_Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Katsuren Peninsula"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a> extends south from Okinawa Island and used to be incorporated as the town of Katsuren. The peninsula extends 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) from the island, is 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) to 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) wide, and covers 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi). The peninsula is the home base for access to the Yokatsu Islands, as well as home to two U.S. military facilities, Camp Courtney and White Beach.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-p_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-p-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yokatsu_Islands">Yokatsu Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Yokatsu Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg/220px-Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg/330px-Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg/440px-Ikeijima_Island_from_Miyagijima_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>View of Ikei Island from Miyagi Island</figcaption></figure> <p>The eight <a href="/wiki/Yokatsu_Islands" title="Yokatsu Islands">Yokatsu Islands</a> are located in Uruma City. Seven sit to the east of the Katsuren Peninsula, and one, <a href="/wiki/Tsuken_Island" title="Tsuken Island">Tsuken Island</a>, sits to the southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-yokatsu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yokatsu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Yabuchi Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">藪地島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Yabuchi-jima</i></span>)</span> is one of the Yokatsu Islands located on the east of the Katsuren Peninsula. The island covers 0.62 square kilometres (0.24 sq mi). The island maintained a population until three hundred years ago, but is now uninhabited. Part of the Yabuchi is used for rice cultivation. Yabuchi Island is well known for its large population of <a href="/wiki/Trimeresurus_flavoviridis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimeresurus flavoviridis">habu</a>, the poisonous pit viper of Okinawa, and its southern coast is dense with <i>kasanori</i>, and Okinawan species of <i><a href="/wiki/Ulvophyceae" title="Ulvophyceae">Ulvophyceae</a></i>, an edible <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>. The island is home to the Yabuchi Cave Ruins, first excavated in 1959. The ruins produced a shard of pottery dating approximately 6,500 years ago. The pottery is the first of its kind of Okinawa, and the style is now called yabuchi-style pottery. The caves are home to numerous shrines associated with <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">ancestor worship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yabuchi_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yabuchi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spiritual_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiritual-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Henza Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平安座島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Henza-jima</i></span>)</span> is located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) off the Katsuren Peninsula and covers 5.22 square kilometres (2.02 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-menseki_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menseki-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the island is used as an oil tank facility. The population of Henza Island is concentrated at the entrance of the island, which includes a fishing port. The island is connected to the mainland by the Mid-Sea Road, which forms part of Okinawa Prefectural Road 10. Prior to the construction of the Mid-Sea Road the channel could be crossed by foot or amphibious vehicle at low tide. Henza Island is bisected from northwest to southeast by flat limestone ridge that ranges between 65 metres (213 ft) and 90 metres (300 ft) in height. The island has little arable land, but is surrounded by rich fishing areas along its coral reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-henza_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-henza-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Miyagi Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">宮城島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Miyagi-jima</i></span>)</span>, also known as Takahari Island<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高離島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Takahari-jima</i></span>)</span>, is adjacent to the northeast coast of Henza Island. The two islands used to be separated by a shallow beach, but are now connected via landfill. The island covers 5.51 square kilometres (2.13 sq mi). The island relies on the tourism industry, but also produces sugarcane and cut flowers. The irregular geological formation of the island cause numerous natural springs, notably in the northeast of the island. Miyagi has numerous historical remains, including the remains of one gusuku, the Tomari Gusuku.<sup id="cite_ref-miyagi_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miyagi-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ikei Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">伊計島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ikei-jima</i></span>)</span>, also known as Ichihanari to residents of the island, is the easternmost of the Yokatsu Islands. It is connected to the northeastern tip of Miyagi Island by the short Ikei Ōhashi Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ikei-ohashi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island covers 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi) and has a coastline of 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi). The north, west, and south coasts of the island consist of inaccessible steep cliffs, which range between 20 metres (66 ft) and 30 metres (98 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ikei-ohashi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikei Island is relatively flat. The main settlement is on the west of the island. Ikei Island used to be home to numerous sugarcane farms, but the economy is now focused almost entirely on the tourism industry.<sup id="cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ikei-ohashi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikei Island has numerous archaeological sites, including shell mounds and the remains of a castle, the Ikei Gusuku. The island, which was sighted by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Calbraith_Perry" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Calbraith Perry">Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry</a> (1794–1858), was recorded as "Ichey Island" in the <i><a href="/wiki/Narrative_of_the_Expedition_of_an_American_Squadron_to_the_China_Seas_and_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan">Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan</a></i>, published in 1856 by <a href="/wiki/Francis_L._Hawks" title="Francis L. Hawks">Francis L. Hawks</a>.</li> <li><b>Hamahiga Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">浜比嘉島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hamahiga-jima</i></span>)</span>, also known as Bamahija-jima, sits 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Katsuren Peninsula directly south of Henza Island. The island is connected to Henza island by the 1.43 kilometres (0.89 mi) Hamahiga Bridge. The island is roughly triangular in shape covers 2.04 square kilometres (0.79 sq mi). Hamahiga Island measures 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) from east to west and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from north to south, and at its highest point reaches an elevation of 78.7 metres (258 ft). The island has an uneven topography with few natural inlets. The three settlements on the island are Hama on the northwest coastline, Higa on the northeast coastline, and Kaneku on the southeast coastline. Hama is home to the post office and middle school of Hamahiga Island, and the elementary school sits between Hama and Higa. All three settlements are home to a fishing port. Like the other Yokatsu Islands, Hamahiga has numerous shellmound and gusuku remains, but little archaeological excavation has been carried out on the island. Hamahiga is home to numerous sites of worship of the Ryukyuan religion, including the tombs of <a href="/wiki/Amamikyu" title="Amamikyu">Amamikyu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinerikyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinerikyu (page does not exist)">Shinerikyu</a>. The settlements of Hama and Higa are home to <a href="/wiki/Noro_priestess" class="mw-redirect" title="Noro priestess">noro priestesses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hamahiga_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamahiga-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tsuken_Island" title="Tsuken Island">Tsuken Island</a></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">津堅島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tsuken-jima</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a>: <i>Biti</i>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-biti_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biti-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) south south-east of the Katsuren Peninsula. The island covers 1.88 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi). Tsuken runs 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) from north to south and .8 kilometres (0.50 mi) to 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) east to west, and has its highest point in the southwest of the island at 38.8 metres (127 ft). Tsueken was once covered with a dense forest of <a href="/wiki/Livistona_chinensis" title="Livistona chinensis">fountain palms</a>, but the middle portion of Tsuken was entirely burned during World War II, and palm groves remain only at the north of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-sanpo-109_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanpo-109-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thick belts of vegetation now exist around coastal areas of the island protect the settlement and agricultural land from <a href="/wiki/Sea_breeze" title="Sea breeze">Sea breeze</a>. The only settlement on Tsuken is located in the southwest of the island, which is home to a post office, medical clinic, an elementary school, and a middle school. Tsuken is noted for its production of carrots. Commodore Perry recorded the island as "Taking Island" in his narrative. Tsuken is home to numerous shell mounds, of which three have been excavated. The island was also home to a castle, the Kubō Gusuku.<sup id="cite_ref-tsuken_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsuken-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tsukenjima Training Area is used by the U.S. Military and is located off the western coast of Tsuken. The training area was established in 1959 and covers 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-tsuken-train_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsuken-train-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tsuken-train-a_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsuken-train-a-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Ukibara Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">浮原島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ukibara-jima</i></span>)</span> is an uninhabited, low-lying island 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) southeast of Hamahiga Island. The island covers 0.3 square kilometres (0.12 sq mi), and measures 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) from east to west and 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) north to south. Ukibara is primarily flat, it reaches an altitude of 12 metres (39 ft). The island composed of quaternary Ryukyu limestone. Numerous coral reefs surround the island, and are notably well developed off the southwest coast of the island. Ukibara has no arable land and is mostly covered in dense <a href="/wiki/Imperata_cylindrica" title="Imperata cylindrica">cogon grass</a>. Ukibara is now used as a training ground for the U.S. Marines Okinawa forces. The Marines maintain no permanent residential facilities on the island, and use the training ground periodically rather than permanently. Public access to Ukibara is prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-ukibara-c_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukibara-c-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ukibara-renjo_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukibara-renjo-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Minamiukibara Island</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">南浮原島</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Minamiukibara-jima</i></span>)</span> is an uninhabited island 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) south of Ukibara Island. It covers 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ukibara-c_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukibara-c-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komu5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Komu5.jpg/220px-Komu5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Komu5.jpg/330px-Komu5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Komu5.jpg/440px-Komu5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Traditional music practice at the Gushikawa Dome</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Uruma City Festival is held in October, and is the largest festival in the city. It features bullfighting, performing arts, and live concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-festival_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festival-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_centers">Community centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Community centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uruma has three communities centers, each of which have facilities for performances, cooking classes, and other cultural events. They are located in the Ishikawa Akebono, Katsuren Henna, and Yonashiro Yakema districts.<sup id="cite_ref-uruma-e_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uruma-e-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Uruma City Library maintains three branches. The Main Library (formerly the Gushikawa Library) is in the Tairagawa district, and was built in 1989. The Ishikawa Library, located in the Akebono district, was built in 1990. The Katsuren Library, located in Katsurenhenna, was built in 1997. The libraries collectively hold 391,359 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-library_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulls_Ishikawa,_Okinawa_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg/220px-Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg/330px-Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg/440px-Bulls_Ishikawa%2C_Okinawa_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Okinawan Bullfight, Ishikawa, Uruma</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest park in Uruma, the Agena Central Park, is located near the historical remains of Agena Castle. The castle and its moat make up the central part of the park. Agena Central Park is home to the Agena Bullfighting Ring.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-park_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-park-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ayahashi Road Race Through the Sea Tournament is held in April. The race is divided into 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi), 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), and half marathon runs. Runners cross from Yonashiro over the Mid-Sea Road, which is partially closed to traffic during the race, to Henza Island.<sup id="cite_ref-festival_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festival-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ayahashi_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ayahashi-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uruma is home to numerous sites associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a>, many of which are located on the Yokatsu Islands. Hamahiga Island is located approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northeast of Kudaka Island, which is considered the holiest place of the Ryukyuan religion. The tombs of <a href="/wiki/Amamikyu" title="Amamikyu">Amamikyu</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinerikyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinerikyu (page does not exist)">Shinerikyu</a> are located on Hamahiga. Amamikyu and Shinerikyu are worshipped at their tombs, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Noro_priestess" class="mw-redirect" title="Noro priestess">noro</a></i> priestess of Higa conducts prayers at the beginning of the year at the sites. The forests of the southeast tip of Hamahiga are home to a cave that is considered one of the residences of Amamikyu and Shinerikyu; a stalactite in a cave at the site is a center of worship for numerous children.<sup id="cite_ref-spiritual_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiritual-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby are other holy sites related to Shinerikyu, <a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nirai_Kanai" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirai Kanai">Nirai Kanai</a> (most notably the Miruku Gate and Mount Yugafu). </p><p>There are a significant number of <i>noro</i> priestesses and <i>yuta</i> <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediums</a> on Hamahiga Island, the latter being typically female, but sometimes male.<sup id="cite_ref-spiritual_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiritual-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uruma_City_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Uruma_City_Hall.jpg/220px-Uruma_City_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Uruma_City_Hall.jpg/330px-Uruma_City_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Uruma_City_Hall.jpg/440px-Uruma_City_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Uruma City Hall, Bikuni</figcaption></figure> <p>Uruma is administered from the city hall in Bikuni. The Uruma Board of Education oversees the middle school, elementary schools, and community education centers of the city. </p><p>The Uruma City Council consists of 34 members who serve a four-year term, and are led by a chairperson (Kazuo Nishino, born 1950) and vice-chairperson (Mitsuo Higashihama, born 1954) of the council. City council members are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Social_Mass_Party" title="Okinawa Social Mass Party">Okinawa Social Mass Party</a>, the Shinsei Club, the <a href="/wiki/New_Komeito_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Komeito Party">New Komeito Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Revolutionary_Communist_League" title="Japan Revolutionary Communist League">Japan Revolutionary Communist League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Century_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Century Club (page does not exist)">21st Century Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-council_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-council-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uruma has eleven post offices: one each in Gushikawa, Agena, Shirinkawa, Higashi Gushikawa, Ishikawa, Ishikawa Shiromae, Ishikawa Higashionna, Yokatsu, Katsuren, Henza, and Yonashiro. The city maintains two police stations: Uruma Police Station and Ishikawa Police Station. Fire stations for the city are located in Gushikawa, Ishikawa, Katsuren, and Henza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maehara_High_School.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Maehara_High_School.JPG/220px-Maehara_High_School.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Maehara_High_School.JPG/330px-Maehara_High_School.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Maehara_High_School.JPG/440px-Maehara_High_School.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Maehara Senior High School</figcaption></figure> <p>The City of Uruma maintains 17 elementary schools (Miyamori, Shiromae, Iha, Yonashiro, Minamihara, Katsuren, Heishikiya, Higa, Tsuken, Kawasaki, Tengan, Agena, Taba, Gushikawa, Kanehara, Nakahara, Akamichi, and Ayahashi), and 9 middle schools (Ishikawa, Iha, Tsuken, Yokatsu, Yokatsu 2nd, Agena, Gushikawa, Takaesu, and Gushikawa East). The city closed and consolidated numerous elementary and middle schools in 2012. In addition, Uruma maintains 18 preschools.<sup id="cite_ref-schools_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schools-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bechtel Elementary School, located on Camp McTureous, is administered by <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity" title="Department of Defense Education Activity">Department of Defense Education Activity</a> for English-speaking United States military dependents. It is run under the supervision of the Okinawa <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Dependents_Schools" title="Department of Defense Dependents Schools">Department of Defense Dependents Schools</a> District.<sup id="cite_ref-bechtel_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bechtel-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The senior high schools of Uruma are operated by Okinawa Prefecture. Okinawa Prefectural Yokatsu Senior High School-Yokatsu Midorigaoka Junior High School is a joint secondary school in the Katsuren Henna district.<sup id="cite_ref-yokatsu-h_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yokatsu-h-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other senior high schools include Ishikawa Senior High School, Gushikawa Senior High School, Maehara Senior High School, Gushikawa Commercial Senior High School, and Chūbu Agricultural High School. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG/220px-Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG/330px-Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG/440px-Hamahiga_ohashi_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Hamahiga Ōhashi Bridge</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uruma is connected to the other municipalities of Okinawa Island by <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">transit bus</a> with numerous routes originating from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naha_Bus_Terminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naha Bus Terminal (page does not exist)">Naha Bus Terminal</a>. The four bus companies that serve Okinawa, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryukyu Bus">Ryukyu Bus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinawa_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okinawa Bus (page does not exist)">Okinawa Bus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naha_Bus_Co.,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naha Bus Co., Ltd. (page does not exist)">Naha Bus Co., Ltd.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toyo_Bus" title="Toyo Bus">Toyo Bus</a>, all have lines in Uruma, but service via Naha Bus is limited to the jointly operated high-speed bus Route 111. JA Okinawa operates local buses to the Katsuren Peninsula and the Yokatsu Islands. </p><p>Ryukyu Bus operates the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gushikawa_Bus_Terminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gushikawa Bus Terminal (page does not exist)">Gushikawa Bus Terminal</a>, Okinawa Bus operates the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakena_Bus_Terminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakena Bus Terminal (page does not exist)">Yakena Bus Terminal</a>, which is also used by Ryukyu Bus, and Toyo Bus operates the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyo_Bus_Awase_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toyo Bus Awase Office (page does not exist)">Toyo Bus Awase Office</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highway">Highway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Highway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Expressway" title="Okinawa Expressway">Okinawa Expressway</a>, which runs 57.3 kilometres (35.6 mi) from Naha to <a href="/wiki/Nago,_Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nago, Okinawa">Nago</a>, has one interchange in Uruma, the Ishikawa Interchange. <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Route_329" title="Japan National Route 329">Japan National Route 329</a>, which similarly runs between Naha and Nago, runs through the western districts of Uruma. The city, including the Yokatsu Islands, is also served by numerous prefectural highways. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port_of_Kinwan">Port of Kinwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Port of Kinwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Port of Kinwan (19,400 hectares (48,000 acres)) encompasses the coastal areas of Naha, Uruma, and other municipalities on Okinawa island. The port area covers the entirety of the coastal areas of Uruma, including those of the Yokatsu Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-kinwan_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinwan-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospital">Hospital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hospital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG/220px-Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG/330px-Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG/440px-Okinawa_Prefectural_Chubu_Hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Okinawa Prefectural Chūbu Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>Okinawa Prefectural Chūbu Hospital is located in the Miyazato district of Uruma. The hospital traces its history to the refugee camps in 1945, which were staffed by personnel from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="University of Hawaiʻi">University of Hawaiʻi</a>. Chubu Hospital was formally established in 1946, and is one of 6 prefectural hospitals in Okinawa Prefecture, and maintains a strong reciprocal training agreement with the University of Hawaiʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-byoin-1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byoin-1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-byoin-2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byoin-2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_places">Notable places</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg/220px-Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg/330px-Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg/440px-Katsuren_Castle_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of Katsuren Castle</figcaption></figure> <p>Uruma is noted for several historic and religious sites, including the Iha Shell Mound, Katsuren Castle, and Agena Castle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iha_Shell_Mound">Iha Shell Mound</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Iha Shell Mound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iha_Shell_Mound" title="Iha Shell Mound">Iha Shell Mound</a> is located in the Iha district of Uruma. The site sits on a large <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> fault slope, and dates from the late <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a>, ca. 2500 – 1000 BC. The Iha Shell Mound is approximately 60 centimetres (24 in) thick and covers an area of 150 square metres (1,600 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-iha_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iha-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site was first discovered in 1920, and is one of only a few fully excavated shell mounds in Okinawa. The site includes remains of fish and animal bones, earthen and stoneware, and goods made out of horn.<sup id="cite_ref-ishikawa_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agena_Castle">Agena Castle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Agena Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Agena_Castle" title="Agena Castle">Agena Castle</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a> located in the north of Agena district of Uruma, in former Gushikawa City. It was built on a base of Ryūkyūan limestone and occupies 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft). Agena Castle sits at an altitude of 49 metres (161 ft), and is naturally protected by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengan River (page does not exist)">Tengan River</a> to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-c_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-c-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ōgawa <a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ryukyu)" title="Aji (Ryukyu)">Aji</a>, or regional ruler of the Ōgawa <a href="/wiki/Magiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Magiri">Magiri</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Kingdom">Ryūkyū Kingdom</a>, occupied the castle for several generations. For this reason the castle is also known as the <i>Ōgawa gusuku</i>. Details of the history of both the castle and the <a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aji (Ryūkyū)">aji</a> are unclear, and no archaeological excavation has been carried out on the castle. It was likely built in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-c_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-c-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ōgawa reached their greatest period of prosperity in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-n_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-n-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some point the castle was destroyed by the army of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. The outer gate of Agena Castle no longer exists, but as the inner gate is bored through the limestone foundation and is surrounded on both sides with quarried rocks, it still exists. The inner gate is an early example of an arched castle gate, and is protected as a national treasure of Japan. The castle remains now hold numerous <i>utaki</i> sites of worship of the Ryukyuan religion, and are scattered with fragments of Chinese ceramics from the 14th to the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-n_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-n-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area around the castle is now used as Agena Park.<sup id="cite_ref-agena-c_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-c-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agena-n_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agena-n-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katsuren_Castle">Katsuren Castle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Katsuren Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Castle" title="Katsuren Castle">Katsuren Castle</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">gusuku</a>, or Okinawan <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>, in former Katsuren Town.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-c_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-c-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle is known as <i>Kacchin Gushiku</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan language</a>. It sits 98 meters (322 ft) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> on the small <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a>, and is flanked by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> on two sides.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-c_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-c-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "golden age" of Katsuren Castle was in the mid-15th century, when the castle was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Aji_(Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aji (Ryūkyū)">Aji</a> of Katsuren, <a href="/wiki/Amawari" title="Amawari">Amawari</a> (died 1458), before his death in conflicts with <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D_Taiky%C5%AB" title="Shō Taikyū">Shō Taikyū</a> (1415–1460) of <a href="/wiki/Shuri,_Okinawa" title="Shuri, Okinawa">Shuri</a> and Gosamaru (died 1458), Aji of <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sho_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sho-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gosamaru_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosamaru-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amawari_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amawari-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kerr_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerr-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katsuren Castle has an active shrine of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a> within its first <a href="/wiki/Bailey_(fortification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailey (fortification)">bailey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-unesco_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-unesco-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_Okinawa_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 Okinawa earthquake (page does not exist)">2010 Okinawa earthquake</a> damaged an outer wall at the northeast of the third bailey of the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-e_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-e-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katsuren Castle was designated a <a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan" title="Monuments of Japan">Designated Historical Monument</a> in 1972, and designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2000 as part of one of the nine <i><a href="/wiki/Gusuku_Sites_and_Related_Properties_of_the_Kingdom_of_Ryukyu" title="Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu">Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-katsuren-bunka_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katsuren-bunka-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._military_bases">U.S. military bases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: U.S. military bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa,_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg/220px-US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg/330px-US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg/440px-US_Navy_030228-N-3612M-009_A_busy_day_for_the_White_Beach_Port_Facility_in_Okinawa%2C_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>White Beach Naval Facility</figcaption></figure> <p>United States military bases in Uruma cover 6.632 square kilometres (2.561 sq mi), or 12.97% of the total area of the city. While the bases are located on a mix of national, prefectural, municipal, and private property, 4.964 square kilometres (1.917 sq mi), or 75% of base areas are on privately held land.<sup id="cite_ref-kichi_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kichi-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kadena_Ammunition_Storage_Area">Kadena Ammunition Storage Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Kadena Ammunition Storage Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadena_Ammunition_Storage_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadena Ammunition Storage Area (page does not exist)">Kadena Ammunition Storage Area</a> (26.579 square kilometres (10.262 sq mi)) is the third largest military base in Okinawa Prefecture, and spans the municipalities of Okinawa City, Kadena, Yomitan, Onna, and Uruma. While it covers fully 1.877 square kilometres (0.725 sq mi) in Uruma and is the largest base area in the city, it represents only 7% of the total size of the base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camp_Courtney">Camp Courtney</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Camp Courtney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Camp_Courtney" title="Camp Courtney">Camp Courtney</a> is a <a href="/wiki/USMC" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC">United States Marine</a> Base located in the north of Uruma on Kin Bay. The camp was established in 1956 and occupies 1.348 square kilometres (0.520 sq mi) in the Konbu, Tengan, and Uken districts of Uruma.<sup id="cite_ref-courtney-c_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtney-c-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camp Courtney is part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Camp_Smedley_D._Butler" title="Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler">Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler</a>, and is home to the quarters of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Marine Division (United States)">3rd Marine Division</a> Headquarters and the <a href="/wiki/III_MEF" class="mw-redirect" title="III MEF">III Marine Expeditionary Force</a>. Camp Courtney is utilized for office space and living quarters for Marines and military families. The camp includes a post office, theater, bank, church, and recreational facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-courtney-c_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtney-c-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtney-g_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtney-g-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camp_McTureous">Camp McTureous</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Camp McTureous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Camp_McTureous" title="Camp McTureous">Camp McTureous</a> is a <a href="/wiki/USMC" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC">United States Marine</a> Base located in the west side of the Agena district of Uruma. The camp was established in 1956 and occupies 1.348 square kilometres (0.520 sq mi) in the Kawasaki district of Uruma.<sup id="cite_ref-courtney-c_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtney-c-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camp McTureous is part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Base_Camp_Smedley_D._Butler" title="Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler">Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler</a>. Camp McTureous is utilized for living quarters for Marines and military families. The camp includes Bechtel elementary school and recreational facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-mctureous-c_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mctureous-c-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_Beach_Naval_Facility">White Beach Naval Facility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: White Beach Naval Facility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Beach_Naval_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Beach Naval Facility (page does not exist)">White Beach Naval Facility</a>, formally referred to as the Port Operations Naval Facility White Beach, is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> base located southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Katsuren_Peninsula" title="Katsuren Peninsula">Katsuren Peninsula</a> at the Northeast of <a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Bay" title="Nakagusuku Bay">Nakagusuku Bay</a>, also known as Buckner Bay. The base covers 1.568 square kilometres (0.605 sq mi) in the Heishikiya and Nohen districts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-c-whitebeach_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-whitebeach-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sddc_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sddc-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Beach serves as the staging area for the Okinawa-based <a href="/wiki/31st_Marine_Expeditionary_Unit" title="31st Marine Expeditionary Unit">31st Marine Expeditionary Unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c-whitebeach_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-whitebeach-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnic-1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnic-1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnic-2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnic-2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-global_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nuclear submarines and warships and submarines make regular calls to the facility.<sup id="cite_ref-global_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-global-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Beach consists primarily of two <a href="/wiki/Pier" title="Pier">piers</a>, designated Navy Pier and Army Pier.<sup id="cite_ref-typhoon_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typhoon-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Navy pier is 24 metres (79 ft) in width and 850 metres (2,790 ft) in length, and the Army pier is 24 metres (79 ft) in width and 450 metres (1,480 ft) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-typhoon_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typhoon-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> Okinawa Naval Base is located directly adjacent to White Beach. </p><p>The White Beach Naval Facility was built at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a> in 1945. 95,000 military engineers arrived on <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a> to convert the island into a staging area for an invasion of the Japanese main islands. While the island was not used for an invasion of Japan, White Beach remained a permanent military facility.<sup id="cite_ref-rottman_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rottman-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hist_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White Beach played a role in the controversial <a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a> testing in Okinawa in the early 1960s under an American program to test unconventional weapons as part of the classified Project AGILE. Logbooks of the privately owned merchant marine ship SS <i>Schuyler Otis Bland</i> show that chemicals agents were delivered to White Beach under armed guard on April 25, 1962, then transported to other areas of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-orange_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orange-2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-orange-3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orange-3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_people_from_Uruma">Famous people from Uruma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Famous people from Uruma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Chinen" title="Takashi Chinen">Takashi Chinen</a>, gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_5" title="Finger 5">Finger 5</a>, musical group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manami_Higa" title="Manami Higa">Manami Higa</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HY_(band)" title="HY (band)">HY</a>, band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugi_the_Cat" title="Mugi the Cat">Mugi the Cat</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seijin_Noborikawa" title="Seijin Noborikawa">Seijin Noborikawa</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsuo_Shimabuku" title="Tatsuo Shimabuku">Tatsuo Shimabuku</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Isshin-ryu" class="mw-redirect" title="Isshin-ryu">Isshin-ryu</a> karate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Tamaki" title="Denny Tamaki">Denny Tamaki</a>, governor of Okinawa Prefecture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkai_Tsunami" title="Tenkai Tsunami">Tenkai Tsunami</a>, female <a href="/wiki/Professional_boxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional boxer">professional boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churanoumi_Yoshihisa" title="Churanoumi Yoshihisa">Churanoumi Yoshihisa</a>, sumo wrestler</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1959_Kadena_Air_Base_F-100_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 Kadena Air Base F-100 crash">1959 Kadena Air Base F-100 crash</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist 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.id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yamakei-online.com/yamanavi/yama.php?yama_id=20110"><bdi lang="ja">石川岳</bdi></a> [Ishikawadake] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yama-kei Publishers Co., Ltd. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/153301537">153301537</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%B8%82%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=Nihon+Daihyakka+Zensho+%28Nipponika%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F153301537&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yokatsu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yokatsu_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yokatsu_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"与勝諸島"</a> [Yokatsu Islands]. <i>Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika)</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/153301537">153301537</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF&rft.place=Naha%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Okinawa+Info+IMA&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.okinawainfo.net%2Fkaicyuu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ishikawa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ishikawa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ishikawa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ishikawa_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ishikawa_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ishikawa_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"Ishikawa"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Japan</i>. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56431036">56431036</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: City of Uruma. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Agent+Orange+%27tested+in+Okinawa%27&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faws.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2012%2F05%2F17%2Fnews%2Fagent-orange-tested-in-okinawa%2F%23.UTcflBxQGjY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orange-2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orange-2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orange-2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell,_Jon2012" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Jon (7 Aug 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2012/08/07/community/25000-barrels-of-agent-orange-kept-on-okinawa-u-s-army-document-says/#.UTcflhxQGjY">"25,000 barrels of Agent Orange kept on Okinawa, U.S. Army document says"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i>. Tokyo: Japan Times, Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=25%2C000+barrels+of+Agent+Orange+kept+on+Okinawa%2C+U.S.+Army+document+says&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcommunity%2F2012%2F08%2F07%2Fcommunity%2F25000-barrels-of-agent-orange-kept-on-okinawa-u-s-army-document-says%2F%23.UTcflhxQGjY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orange-3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-orange-3_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-orange-3_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobelSchreiberMcCloskyO'Shea2003" class="citation book cs1">Lobel, Phillip; Schreiber, Elizabeth A.; McClosky, Gary; O'Shea, Leo (2003). Harris, Robert; Richlin, Mindy (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915235915/http://www.cma.army.mil/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003673775"><i>An Ecological Assessment of Johnston Atoll</i></a>. Edgewood, Md.: U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cma.army.mil/fndocumentviewer.aspx?docid=003673775">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ecological+Assessment+of+Johnston+Atoll&rft.place=Edgewood%2C+Md.&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=U.S.+Army+Chemical+Materials+Activity&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Lobel&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=McClosky%2C+Gary&rft.au=O%27Shea%2C+Leo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cma.army.mil%2Ffndocumentviewer.aspx%3Fdocid%3D003673775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/3/2764.html">"<i>Uruma no meishō sentei riyū ni tsuite</i> (うるまの名称選定理由について)"</a> (in Japanese). Uruma City Official Web Site<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uruma+no+meish%C5%8D+sentei+riy%C5%AB+ni+tsuite+%28%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E9%81%B8%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86%E7%94%B1%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%29&rft.pub=Uruma+City+Official+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2F3%2F2764.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314232141/http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/2/1383.html">"<i>Uruma-shi no imi</i> (うるま市の意味)"</a> (in Japanese). Uruma City Official Web Site. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/2/1383.html">the original</a> on 14 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uruma-shi+no+imi+%28%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%29&rft.pub=Uruma+City+Official+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2F2%2F1383.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yara2013-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yara2013_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYara_Ken'ichirō_屋良健一郎2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yara Ken'ichirō 屋良健一郎 (2013). "<i>Ryūkyū-jin to waka</i> 琉球人と和歌". In Tōkyō daigaku daigakuin jinbun shakai-kei kenkyūka Nihonshigaku kenkyūshitsu 東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部日本史学研究室 (ed.). <i><span></span></i>Chūsei seiji shakai ronsō<i> 中世政治社会論叢</i> (in Japanese). pp. 73–85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB-jin+to+waka+%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C&rft.btitle=Ch%C5%ABsei+seiji+shakai+rons%C5%8D+%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2&rft.pages=73-85&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Yara+Ken%27ichir%C5%8D+%E5%B1%8B%E8%89%AF%E5%81%A5%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-misato-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-misato_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-misato_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"美里間切"</a> [Misato magiri]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%BE%8E%E9%87%8C%E9%96%93%E5%88%87&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gushikawa-m-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gushikawa-m_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gushikawa-m_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"具志川間切"</a> [Gushichaa magiri]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%85%B7%E5%BF%97%E5%B7%9D%E9%96%93%E5%88%87&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ww2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ww2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Okinawa/USMC-M-Okinawa-6.html">"Action in the North, Chp 6 of Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific by Major Chas. S. Nichols, Jr., USMC and Henry I. Shaw, Jr"</a>. Historical Section, Division of Public Information, U.S. Marine Corps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413074104/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Okinawa/USMC-M-Okinawa-6.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Action+in+the+North%2C+Chp+6+of+Okinawa%3A+Victory+in+the+Pacific+by+Major+Chas.+S.+Nichols%2C+Jr.%2C+USMC+and+Henry+I.+Shaw%2C+Jr.&rft.pub=Historical+Section%2C+Division+of+Public+Information%2C+U.S.+Marine+Corps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSMC%2FUSMC-M-Okinawa%2FUSMC-M-Okinawa-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-himawari-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-himawari_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ggvp.net/himawari/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">ひまわり</bdi></a> [Himawari] (in Japanese). "Himawari Okinawa wa Wasurenai Ano hi no sora o" Seisaku Iinkai. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%B2%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A&rft.pub=%22Himawari+Okinawa+wa+Wasurenai+Ano+hi+no+sora+o%22+Seisaku+Iinkai&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ggvp.net%2Fhimawari%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-himawari-r-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-himawari-r_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ryukyushimpo.jp/2012/12/18/8826/">"Movie featuring the U.S. military aircraft crash onto Miyamori Elementary School screened"</a>. <i>Ryukyu Shinpo</i>. Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Ryukyu Shimpo Co. Ltd. Dec 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ryukyu+Shinpo&rft.atitle=Movie+featuring+the+U.S.+military+aircraft+crash+onto+Miyamori+Elementary+School+screened&rft.date=2012-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ryukyushimpo.jp%2F2012%2F12%2F18%2F8826%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFうるま市" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">うるま市. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/mayor/318.html">"ごあいさつ"</a>. <i>うるま市</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82&rft.atitle=%E3%81%94%E3%81%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%95%E3%81%A4&rft.au=%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2Fmayor%2F318.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gushikawa-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gushikawa_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gushikawa_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"Gushikawa"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Japan</i>. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56431036">56431036</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO/200710/shima/shima-oki.htm">the original</a> on May 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Naha, Okinawa Prefecture: Okinawa Prefecture. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.post.japanpost.jp&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E7%9C%8C+%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82%E3%81%AE%E9%83%B5%E4%BE%BF%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7+-+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%B5%E4%BE%BF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.post.japanpost.jp%2Fcgi-zip%2Fzipcode.php%3Faddr%3D%25E6%25B2%2596%25E7%25B8%2584%25E7%259C%258C%25E3%2581%2586%25E3%2582%258B%25E3%2581%25BE%25E5%25B8%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-katsuren-p-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-katsuren-p_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"勝連半島"</a> [Katsuren Peninsula]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%8B%9D%E9%80%A3%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yabuchi-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yabuchi_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"藪地島"</a> [Yabuchi Island]. <i>Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika)</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/153301537">153301537</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E8%97%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Daihyakka+Zensho+%28Nipponika%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F153301537&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spiritual-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spiritual_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spiritual_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spiritual_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731154402/http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/4/3230.html"><bdi lang="ja">スピリチュアル</bdi></a> [Spiritual life] (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: City of Uruma. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/4/3230.html">the original</a> on July 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB&rft.place=Uruma%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=City+of+Uruma&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2F4%2F3230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-henza-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-henza_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"平安座島"</a> [Henza Island]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%A7%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miyagi-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miyagi_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"宮城島"</a> [Miyagi Island]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ikei-ohashi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ikei-ohashi_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shimatate.or.jp/20kouhou/syukumichi/pdf30/02-03.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">伊計大橋</bdi></a> [Ikei Ōhashi] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>宿道</i> (in Japanese). <b>30</b>. Urasoe, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Okinawa Shimatate Kyōkai: 2. March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%AE%BF%E9%81%93&rft.atitle=%E4%BC%8A%E8%A8%88%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shimatate.or.jp%2F20kouhou%2Fsyukumichi%2Fpdf30%2F02-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamahiga-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hamahiga_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"浜比嘉島"</a> [Hamahiga Island]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%9C%E6%AF%94%E5%98%89%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biti-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biti_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tiida.jp/OkinawaWiki">"ビティ島"</a> [Biti-shima]. <i>Okinawa Wiki</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E3%83%93%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Okinawa+Wiki&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftiida.jp%2FOkinawaWiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanpo-109-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sanpo-109_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkinawa_Rekishi_Kenkyūkai1994" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Okinawa Rekishi Kenkyūkai, ed. (1994), <bdi lang="ja">沖繩の歴史散步</bdi>, Shin zenkoku rekishi sanpo shirīzu (in Japanese), vol. 47 (Shinpan 1-han ed.), Tōkyō: Yamakawa Shuppansha, p. 109, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784634294707" title="Special:BookSources/9784634294707"><bdi>9784634294707</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31267327">31267327</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E6%95%A3%E6%AD%A5&rft.place=T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&rft.series=Shin+zenkoku+rekishi+sanpo+shir%C4%ABzu&rft.pages=109&rft.edition=Shinpan+1-han&rft.pub=Yamakawa+Shuppansha&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31267327&rft.isbn=9784634294707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsuken-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tsuken_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"津堅島"</a> [Tsuken Island]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B4%A5%E5%A0%85%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsuken-train-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tsuken-train_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"津堅島訓練場"</a>. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B4%A5%E5%A0%85%E5%B3%B6%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E5%A0%B4&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsuken-train-a-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tsuken-train-a_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/4/3048.html">"津堅島訓練場 (FAC6082 Tsuken Jima Training Area)"</a> [FAC6082 Tsuken Jima Training Area] (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: City of Uruma. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B4%A5%E5%A0%85%E5%B3%B6%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E5%A0%B4+%28FAC6082+Tsuken+Jima+Training+Area%29&rft.place=Uruma%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=City+of+Uruma&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2F4%2F3048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukibara-c-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ukibara-c_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ukibara-c_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"浮原島"</a> [Ukibara Island]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%B3%B6&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukibara-renjo-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ukibara-renjo_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"浮原島訓練場"</a> [Ukibara Training Ground]. <i>Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/173191044">173191044</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%B3%B6%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E5%A0%B4&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-festival-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-festival_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-festival_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/5/4694.html">"City Festivals and Events"</a> (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: City of Uruma. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Festivals+and+Events&rft.place=Uruma%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=City+of+Uruma&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.uruma.lg.jp%2F5%2F4694.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-library-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-library_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.city.uruma.lg.jp/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">うるま市立図書館</bdi></a> [Uruma City Library] (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Uruma City Library. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jan 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%81%86%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E5%B8%82%E7%AB%8B%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft.place=Uruma%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Uruma+City+Library&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.city.uruma.lg.jp%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agena-park-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agena-park_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130108113903/http://www.yumif49.com/"><bdi lang="ja">安慶名中央公園について</bdi></a> [About Agena Central Park] (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Agena Chūō Kōen e Go!. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yumif49.com/">the original</a> on January 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%89%E6%85%B6%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&rft.place=Uruma%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Agena+Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D+K%C5%8Den+e+Go%21&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumif49.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ayahashi-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ayahashi_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers,_Jannine2012" class="citation web cs1">Myers, Jannine (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japantourist.jp/view/ayahashi-on-the-sea-road-race">"Ayahashi On-The-Sea Road Race"</a>. Tokyo, Japan: JapanTourist.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayahashi+On-The-Sea+Road+Race&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pub=JapanTourist.com&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Myers%2C+Jannine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapantourist.jp%2Fview%2Fayahashi-on-the-sea-road-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-council-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-council_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp/1/893.html"><bdi lang="ja">うるま市議会</bdi></a> [Uruma City Council] (in Japanese). Uruma, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: City of Uruma. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bechtel+Elementary+School&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+Va.&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense+Education+Activity&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bechtel-es.pac.dodea.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yokatsu-h-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yokatsu-h_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yokatsu-h.open.ed.jp/"><bdi lang="ja">沖縄県立与勝緑が丘中学校・与勝高等学校</bdi></a> [Okinawa Prefectural Yokatsu Senior High School-Yokatsu Midorigaoka Junior High School] (in Japanese). 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Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan: Okinawa Prefecture. c. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E6%AD%A6%E6%B9%BE%E6%B8%AF&rft.place=Naha%2C+Okinawa+Prefecture%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Okinawa+Prefecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.okinawa.jp%2Fsite%2Fdoboku%2Fdoboku-chubu%2Ftoshikowan%2Fkinwan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byoin-1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byoin-1_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hosp.pref.okinawa.jp/chubu/information/outline.html"><bdi lang="ja">病院沿革</bdi></a> [Hospital Timeline] (in Japanese). 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Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56431036">56431036</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">the original</a> on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%89%E6%85%B6%E5%90%8D%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=Nihon+Rekishi+Chimei+Taikei&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F173191044&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frekishi.jkn21.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agena-n-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agena-n_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agena-n_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agena-n_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/">"安慶名城"</a> [Agena Castle]. <i>Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika)</i> (in Japanese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Installation+Guide&rft.place=Okinawa%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Commander+Fleet+Activities+Okinawa&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnic.navy.mil%2FOkinawa%2FInstallationGuide%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-global-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-global_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-global_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/white-beach.htm">"White Beach Naval Facility, Okinawa, Japan"</a> (in Japanese). Alexandria, Va.: Globalsecurity.org. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Beach+Naval+Facility%2C+Okinawa%2C+Japan&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+Va.&rft.pub=Globalsecurity.org&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Ffacility%2Fwhite-beach.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typhoon-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-typhoon_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typhoon_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandlersBrand2001" class="citation book cs1">Handlers, G.; Brand, S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/port_studies/thh-nc/japan/buckner/text/frame.htm"><i>Buckner Bay</i></a> (2011 Rev. ed.). Monterey, California: United States Naval Research Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buckner+Bay&rft.place=Monterey%2C+California&rft.edition=2011+Rev.&rft.pub=United+States+Naval+Research+Laboratory&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Handlers&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Brand%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrlmry.navy.mil%2Fport_studies%2Fthh-nc%2Fjapan%2Fbuckner%2Ftext%2Fframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rottman-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rottman_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottman2002" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon (2002). <i>Okinawa 1945 : the last battle</i>. Oxford: Osprey Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781855326071" title="Special:BookSources/9781855326071"><bdi>9781855326071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Okinawa+1945+%3A+the+last+battle&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Pub&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781855326071&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hist-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hist_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloan2008" class="citation book cs1">Sloan, Bill (2008). <i>The ultimate battle : Okinawa 1945—the last epic struggle of World War II</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743292474" title="Special:BookSources/9780743292474"><bdi>9780743292474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ultimate+battle+%3A+Okinawa+1945%E2%80%94the+last+epic+struggle+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+Paperbacks&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780743292474&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUruma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uruma&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uruma,_Okinawa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uruma, Okinawa">Uruma, Okinawa</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.uruma.lg.jp">Uruma City official website</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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aria-labelledby="20x20px&#124;Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_Prefecture_Okinawa_Prefecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Okinawa" title="Template:Okinawa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Okinawa" title="Template talk:Okinawa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Okinawa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Okinawa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20x20px&#124;Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_Prefecture_Okinawa_Prefecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shadow picture of Okinawa Prefecture"><img alt="Shadow picture of Okinawa Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png/15px-Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png/22px-Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png/29px-Shadow_picture_of_Okinawa_prefecture_2.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="237" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_Japan" title="List of capitals in Japan">capital</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Core_cities_of_Japan" title="Core cities of Japan">Core city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naha" title="Naha">Naha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Okinawa Prefecture"><img alt="Flag of Okinawa Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/60px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/90px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/120px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginowan,_Okinawa" title="Ginowan, Okinawa">Ginowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishigaki,_Okinawa" title="Ishigaki, Okinawa">Ishigaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itoman,_Okinawa" title="Itoman, Okinawa">Itoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyakojima,_Okinawa" title="Miyakojima, Okinawa">Miyakojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nago" title="Nago">Nago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanj%C5%8D" title="Nanjō">Nanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_(city)" title="Okinawa (city)">Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomigusuku,_Okinawa" title="Tomigusuku, Okinawa">Tomigusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urasoe,_Okinawa" title="Urasoe, Okinawa">Urasoe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uruma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyako_District,_Okinawa" title="Miyako District, Okinawa">Miyako District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarama,_Okinawa" title="Tarama, Okinawa">Tarama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_District,_Okinawa" title="Yaeyama District, Okinawa">Yaeyama District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taketomi,_Okinawa" title="Taketomi, Okinawa">Taketomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonaguni,_Okinawa" title="Yonaguni, Okinawa">Yonaguni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami_District,_Okinawa" title="Kunigami District, Okinawa">Kunigami District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kin,_Okinawa" title="Kin, Okinawa">Kin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motobu,_Okinawa" title="Motobu, Okinawa">Motobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginoza,_Okinawa" title="Ginoza, Okinawa">Ginoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higashi,_Okinawa" title="Higashi, Okinawa">Higashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ie,_Okinawa" title="Ie, Okinawa">Ie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami,_Okinawa" title="Kunigami, Okinawa">Kunigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakijin,_Okinawa" title="Nakijin, Okinawa">Nakijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onna,_Okinawa" title="Onna, Okinawa">Onna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cgimi" title="Ōgimi">Ōgimi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagami_District,_Okinawa" title="Nakagami District, Okinawa">Nakagami District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatan,_Okinawa" title="Chatan, Okinawa">Chatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadena,_Okinawa" title="Kadena, Okinawa">Kadena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishihara,_Okinawa" title="Nishihara, Okinawa">Nishihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanakagusuku,_Okinawa" title="Kitanakagusuku, Okinawa">Kitanakagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku,_Okinawa" title="Nakagusuku, Okinawa">Nakagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomitan" title="Yomitan">Yomitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimajiri_District,_Okinawa" title="Shimajiri District, Okinawa">Shimajiri District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haebaru,_Okinawa" title="Haebaru, Okinawa">Haebaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumejima,_Okinawa" title="Kumejima, Okinawa">Kumejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaese,_Okinawa" title="Yaese, Okinawa">Yaese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonabaru,_Okinawa" title="Yonabaru, Okinawa">Yonabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguni,_Okinawa" title="Aguni, Okinawa">Aguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iheya,_Okinawa" title="Iheya, Okinawa">Iheya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izena,_Okinawa" title="Izena, Okinawa">Izena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitadait%C5%8D,_Okinawa" title="Kitadaitō, Okinawa">Kitadaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamidait%C5%8D,_Okinawa" title="Minamidaitō, Okinawa">Minamidaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokashiki,_Okinawa" title="Tokashiki, Okinawa">Tokashiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonaki,_Okinawa" title="Tonaki, Okinawa">Tonaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamami,_Okinawa" title="Zamami, Okinawa">Zamami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_in_Okinawa_Prefecture" title="List of mergers in Okinawa Prefecture">List of mergers in Okinawa Prefecture</a> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Hydrographic</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cape_Hedo" title="Cape Hedo">Cape Hedo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cape_Irizaki" title="Cape Irizaki">Cape Irizaki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henoko_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Henoko Bay">Henoko Bay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kokuba_River" title="Kokuba River">Kokuba River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lake_Man" title="Lake Man">Lake Man</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miyako_Strait" title="Miyako Strait">Miyako Strait</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Bay" title="Nakagusuku Bay">Nakagusuku Bay</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694313#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694313#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694313#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/259136688">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv8GTc689CHRtF4gkRHYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00997608">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3267261d-055e-48da-83f4-c6c60e1846dc">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17332016?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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