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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aantal_lagen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aantal_lagen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aantal lagen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aantal_lagen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kiembladen_in_de_gastrula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiembladen_in_de_gastrula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kiembladen in de gastrula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiembladen_in_de_gastrula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiemblad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 37 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiemlaag" title="Kiemlaag – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kiemlaag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A9" title="طبقة منتشة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقة منتشة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCceyr%C9%99_t%C9%99b%C9%99q%C9%99si" title="Hüceyrə təbəqəsi – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüceyrə təbəqəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Зародкавыя лісткі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зародкавыя лісткі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="ভ্রূণীয় স্তর – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্রূণীয় স্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klicin_list" title="Klicin list – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klicin list" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_germinativa" title="Capa germinativa – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capa germinativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1rode%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_list" title="Zárodečný list – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zárodečný list" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keimblatt" title="Keimblatt – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Keimblatt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_layer" title="Germ layer – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germ layer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_germinal" title="Capa germinal – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capa germinal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looteleht" title="Looteleht – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Looteleht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazi_geruza" title="Hazi geruza – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hazi geruza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لایه زایا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لایه زایا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuillet_embryonnaire" title="Feuillet embryonnaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Feuillet embryonnaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_xerminativa" title="Capa xerminativa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Capa xerminativa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%98" title="שכבת נבט – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שכבת נבט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="भ्रूणीय स्तर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भ्रूणीय स्तर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zametni_listi%C4%87i" title="Zametni listići – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zametni listići" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%ADralemez" title="Csíralemez – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csíralemez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapisan_germinal" title="Lapisan germinal – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lapisan germinal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foglietto_embrionale" title="Foglietto embrionale – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foglietto embrionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%91%89" title="胚葉 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="胚葉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ұрық жапырақшалары – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұрық жапырақшалары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%97%BD" title="배엽 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="배엽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6gietti_embrionali" title="Fögietti embrionali – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fögietti embrionali" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimlag" title="Kimlag – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kimlag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listki_zarodkowe" title="Listki zarodkowe – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Listki zarodkowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folheto_embrion%C3%A1rio" title="Folheto embrionário – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Folheto embrionário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Зародышевые листки – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зародышевые листки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klicin_list" title="Klicin list – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klicin list" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kli%C4%8Dni_list" title="Klični list – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klični list" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Клицин лист – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клицин лист" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B0" title="เนื้อเยื่อคัพภะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนื้อเยื่อคัพภะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_tabakas%C4%B1" title="Germ tabakası – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Germ tabakası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Зародкові листки – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зародкові листки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E5%B1%82" title="胚层 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胚层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q660498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kiemblad" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Kiemblad" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor kiemblaadjes van planten, zie onder <a href="/wiki/Zaadlob" title="Zaadlob">zaadlob</a>.</i> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png/400px-A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png/600px-A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png/800px-A_putative_model_of_how_the_organizer_induces_germ_layer_specification_and_patterning.png 2x" data-file-width="3666" data-file-height="2059" /></a><figcaption>Een speculatief model van hoe de organisator kiembladspecificatie en patroonvorming induceert</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>kiemblad</b> of kiemlaag van een <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> is een laag cellen die dezelfde oorsprong hebben in de <a href="/wiki/Embryogenese" title="Embryogenese">embryogenese</a> en die zullen uitgroeien tot specifieke <a href="/wiki/Lichaamsweefsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichaamsweefsel">lichaamsweefsels</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Christian_Pander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Christian Pander (de pagina bestaat niet)">Heinz Christian Pander</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Baltische_Duitsers" title="Baltische Duitsers">Baltische Duitser</a>-Russische <a href="/wiki/Bioloog" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioloog">bioloog</a>, wordt gecrediteerd voor de ontdekking van de drie kiembladen die zich vormen tijdens <a href="/wiki/Gastrulatie" title="Gastrulatie">gastrulatie</a>. Pander behaalde zijn doctoraat in <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%B6logie" title="Zoölogie">zoölogie</a> aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiteit van Würzburg">Universiteit van Würzburg</a> in 1817. Hij begon zijn studie in de embryologie met behulp van kippeneieren, waarbij hij het ectoderm, <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a> en <a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">endoderm</a> ontdekte. Vanwege zijn bevindingen wordt Pander soms de "grondlegger van de embryologie" genoemd. </p><p>Pander's werk op het gebied van het vroege embryo werd voortgezet door een <a href="/wiki/Baltische_Duitsers" title="Baltische Duitsers">Baltische-Duitse</a> bioloog uit <a href="/wiki/Pruisen" title="Pruisen">Pruisen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> genaamd <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ernst_von_Baer" title="Karl Ernst von Baer">Karl Ernst von Baer</a>. Baer nam Pander's concept van de kiembladen over en door uitgebreid onderzoek naar veel verschillende soorten kon hij dit principe uitbreiden naar alle gewervelde dieren. Baer kreeg ook krediet voor de ontdekking van de <a href="/wiki/Blastula" title="Blastula">blastula</a>. Baer publiceerde zijn bevindingen, inclusief zijn kiembladentheorie, in een leerboek dat zich vertaalt naar <i>Over de ontwikkeling van dieren</i>, dat hij in 1828 uitbracht.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aantal_lagen">Aantal lagen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Aantal lagen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Aantal lagen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Triploblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Triploblast">triploblasten</a>, waaronder de <a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">zoogdieren</a>, vormt de epiblast een derde laag tussen de epiblast en de hypoblast, het <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a>. Er is dan een kiemschijf, die bestaat uit drie kiembladen. Tweekiembladigen (<b>diploblastie</b>) worden aangetroffen bij de <a href="/wiki/Neteldieren" title="Neteldieren">Neteldieren</a>, eenkiembladigen (<b>monoblastie</b>) bij de <a href="/wiki/Weefsel_(biologie)" title="Weefsel (biologie)">weefselloze</a> <a href="/wiki/Metazoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoa">Metazoa</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Plakdiertjes" title="Plakdiertjes">plakdiertje</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Trichoplax_adhaerens" title="Trichoplax adhaerens">Trichoplax adhaerens</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontwikkeling">Ontwikkeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontwikkeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontwikkeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bevruchting" title="Bevruchting">Bevruchting</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Eicel" title="Eicel">eicel</a> door een zaadcel leidt tot de vorming van een <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a> (bevruchte eicel). Door de daaropvolgende <a href="/wiki/Klievingsdeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Klievingsdeling">klievingsdelingen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitose" title="Mitose">mitosen</a>) ontstaat een embryo met enkele tientallen cellen: de <a href="/wiki/Morula" title="Morula">morula</a> (lat. voor 'moerbei'). In deze morula ontstaat na verloop van tijd een holte, de <a href="/wiki/Blastocoel" title="Blastocoel">blastocoel</a>. In dit stadium spreken we over de <a href="/wiki/Blastocyste" title="Blastocyste">blastula</a>. Alleen bij zoogdieren ontwikkelt de blastula zich eerst nog tot de <a href="/wiki/Blastocyste" title="Blastocyste">blastocyste</a>. Na de vorming van deze blastocyste volgt dan de <a href="/wiki/Gastrulatie" title="Gastrulatie">gastrulatie</a>. Bij andere meercellige dieren vindt direct na de <a href="/wiki/Blastulatie" title="Blastulatie">blastulatie</a> de gastrulatie plaats. Door reorganisatie (gastrulatie) van deze cellen migreren sommigen naar binnen door de <a href="/wiki/Blastoporus" title="Blastoporus">blastoporus</a> (oermond) en vormen dan een instulping, het <a href="/wiki/Archenteron" title="Archenteron">archenteron</a> ('oerdarm'). Uit de cellen die aan de buitenkant blijven, ontstaat het <a href="/wiki/Ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">ectoderm</a>. De cellen die instulpen ontwikkelen zich tot het <a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">endoderm</a>. Het <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a> omgeeft een belangrijke lichamelijke holte (het '<a href="/wiki/Coeloom" title="Coeloom">coeloom</a>') en wordt ofwel door een uitstulping van het archenteron gevormd ('entrocoel'), ofwel door splitsing van een deel van de ectodermale cellen ('schizocoel'). Alle hogere vertebraten zijn schizocoel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kiembladen_in_de_gastrula">Kiembladen in de gastrula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kiembladen in de gastrula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kiembladen in de gastrula"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg/400px-Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg/600px-Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg/800px-Mammals_Embryo_Origin_of_the_germ_layers_of_mammals_as_seen_in_transverse_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Kiembladen bij <a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">zoogdieren</a>. Het mesoderm groeit snel rond de wand van de <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Blastocyst">blastocyst</a> (A) totdat het het uiteindelijk omringt en de twee vleugels ventraal samensmelten (B).</figcaption></figure> <p>Van buiten naar binnen ontstaan bij de tripoblasten de volgende drie kiembladen: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">ectoderm</a>: vormt later de <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Zenuwstelsel" title="Zenuwstelsel">zenuwstelsel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">mesoderm</a>: vormt later het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Skelet" title="Skelet">skelet</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Spieren" class="mw-redirect" title="Spieren">spieren</a>, het bindweefsel en het <a href="/wiki/Urogenitaal_stelsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Urogenitaal stelsel">urogenitaal stelsel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">endoderm</a>: vormt later het <a href="/wiki/Spijsverteringsstelsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Spijsverteringsstelsel">spijsverteringsstelsel</a> en de inwendige organen.</li></ul> <p>De cellen van de <a href="/wiki/Neurale_lijst" title="Neurale lijst">neurale lijst</a> worden wel het vierde kiemblad genoemd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiemblad&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celdifferentiatie" title="Celdifferentiatie">celdifferentiatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryogenese" title="Embryogenese">embryogenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurulatie" title="Neurulatie">neurulatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organogenese" title="Organogenese">organogenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryonale_inductie" title="Embryonale inductie">embryonale inductie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurale_lijst" title="Neurale lijst">neurale lijst</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baer KE von (1986) In: Oppenheimer J (ed.) and Schneider H (transl.), Autobiography of Dr. Karl Ernst von Baer. Canton, MA: Science History Publications.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Menselijke_embryogenese" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_embryogenese" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie embryogenese"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_embryogenese&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Menselijke_embryogenese" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Embryogenese" title="Embryogenese">Menselijke embryogenese</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <div style="background-color:#DDEEF8;"><b>Menselijke embryogenese in de eerste drie weken na de bevruchting</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:10em;"><b>Week 1:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Baarmoederslijmvlies" title="Baarmoederslijmvlies">Baarmoederslijmvlies</a> · <a href="/wiki/Decidualisatie" title="Decidualisatie">Decidualisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Decidua" title="Decidua">Decidua</a> · <a href="/wiki/O%C3%B6cyt" title="Oöcyt">Oöcytactivering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Folliculogenese" title="Folliculogenese">Folliculogenese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ovari%C3%ABle_follikel" title="Ovariële follikel">Ovariële follikel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thecacel" title="Thecacel">Thecacel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Granulosacel" title="Granulosacel">Granulosacel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">Corpus luteum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eicel" title="Eicel">Eicel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zona_pellucida" title="Zona pellucida">Zona pellucida</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corona_radiata" title="Corona radiata">Corona radiata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spatium_perivitellinum" title="Spatium perivitellinum">Spatium perivitellinum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ovari%C3%ABle_follikel#Vitellogenese" title="Ovariële follikel">Vitellogenese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Membrana_vitellina" title="Membrana vitellina">Membrana vitellina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dooiergang" title="Dooiergang">Dooiergang</a> · <a href="/wiki/Menselijke_bevruchting" title="Menselijke bevruchting">Menselijke bevruchting</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">Zygote</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klieving_(embryo)" title="Klieving (embryo)">Klieving</a> · <a href="/wiki/Morula" title="Morula">Morula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blastula" title="Blastula">Blastula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blastocyste" title="Blastocyste">Blastocyste</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blastoporus" title="Blastoporus">Blastoporus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trofoblast" title="Trofoblast">Trofoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cytotrofoblast" title="Cytotrofoblast">Cytotrofoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syncytiotrofoblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncytiotrofoblast">Syncytiotrofoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blastomeer" title="Blastomeer">Blastomeer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cavitatie_(embryogenese)" title="Cavitatie (embryogenese)">Cavitatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blastocoel" title="Blastocoel">Blastocoel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryoblast" title="Embryoblast">Embryoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Innesteling" title="Innesteling">Innesteling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Baarmoedermelk" title="Baarmoedermelk">Baarmoedermelk</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Week 2:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Kiemschijf" title="Kiemschijf">Kiemschijf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hypoblast" title="Hypoblast">Hypoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epiblast" title="Epiblast">Epiblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tripoblast" title="Tripoblast">Monoblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tripoblast" title="Tripoblast">Diploblast</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tripoblast" title="Tripoblast">Tripoblast</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Week 3:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lamina_praechordalis" title="Lamina praechordalis">Lamina praechordalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Archenteron" title="Archenteron">Archenteron</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primitieve_streep" title="Primitieve streep">Primitieve streep</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primitieve_knoop" title="Primitieve knoop">Fovea primitiva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primitieve_knoop" title="Primitieve knoop">Primitieve knoop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primitieve_streep#Primitieve_groef" title="Primitieve streep">Primitieve groef</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gastrula" title="Gastrula">Gastrula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gastrulatie" title="Gastrulatie">Gastrulatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Embryonale_inductie" title="Embryonale inductie">Embryonale inductie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Allantois" title="Allantois">Allantois</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesendoderm" title="Mesendoderm">Mesendoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Invaginatie_(gastrulatie)" title="Invaginatie (gastrulatie)">Invaginatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hechtsteel" title="Hechtsteel">Hechtsteel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extra-embryonaal_mesoderm" title="Extra-embryonaal mesoderm">Extra-embryonaal mesoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extra-embryonaal_endoderm" title="Extra-embryonaal endoderm">Extra-embryonaal endoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Extra-embryonaal_ectoderm" title="Extra-embryonaal ectoderm">Extra-embryonaal ectoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chorionvilli" title="Chorionvilli">Chorionvilli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dooierzak" title="Dooierzak">Dooierzak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurulatie" title="Neurulatie">Neurulatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_plaat" title="Neurale plaat">Neurale plaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_plooi" title="Neurale plooi">Neurale plooi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_groeve" title="Neurale groeve">Neurale groeve</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_lijst" title="Neurale lijst">Neurale lijst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_buis" title="Neurale buis">Neurale buis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neuralebuisdefect" title="Neuralebuisdefect">Neuralebuisdefect</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urachus" title="Urachus">Urachus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voorlopernier" title="Voorlopernier">Voorlopernier</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oerkiemcel" title="Oerkiemcel">Oerkiemcel</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background-color:#DDEEF8;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiembladen</a></b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:10em;"></td><td class="rechts"></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">Ectoderm</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">Oppervlakte-ectoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ectoderm#Neuro-ectoderm" title="Ectoderm">Neuro-ectoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurulatie" title="Neurulatie">Neurulatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurale_lijst" title="Neurale lijst">Neurale lijst</a>· <a href="/wiki/Zakje_van_Rathke" title="Zakje van Rathke">Zakje van Rathke</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">Mesoderm</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Mesenchymatische_stamcel" title="Mesenchymatische stamcel">Mesenchymatische stamcel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm#Axiaal_mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">Axiaal mesoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm#Paraxiaal_mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">Paraxiaal mesoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metanefrogeen_blasteem" title="Metanefrogeen blasteem">Metanefrogeen blasteem</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Somiet" title="Somiet">Somiet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Somitomeer" title="Somitomeer">Somitomeer</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Neuromeer" title="Neuromeer">Neuromeer</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm#Tussenliggend_mesoderm" title="Mesoderm">Tussenliggend mesoderm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesoderm#Mesoderma_laminae_lateralis" title="Mesoderm">Mesoderma laminae lateralis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coeloom" title="Coeloom">Coeloom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coeloom" title="Coeloom">Coeloom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesenchym#Somatopleura_en_splanchnopleura" title="Mesenchym">Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesenchym#Somatopleura_en_splanchnopleura" title="Mesenchym">Mesenchyma somatopleurale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chorion" title="Chorion">Chorion</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chorionvilli" title="Chorionvilli">Chorionvilli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Amnion" title="Amnion">Amnion</a> (Vruchtvlies) · <a href="/wiki/Vruchtwater" title="Vruchtwater">Vruchtwater</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vruchtzak" title="Vruchtzak">Vruchtzak</a> (Vruchtblaas) · <a href="/wiki/Allantois" title="Allantois">Allantois</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesenchym" title="Mesenchym">Mesenchym</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Endoderm" title="Endoderm">Endoderm</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Endoderm#Visceraal_endoderm" title="Endoderm">Visceraal endoderm</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background-color:#DDEEF8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chronologie_van_de_menselijke_zwangerschapsontwikkeling" title="Chronologie van de menselijke zwangerschapsontwikkeling">Chronologie van de menselijke zwangerschapsontwikkeling</a></b> in 40 weken</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:10em;"></td><td class="rechts"></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Overige termen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/20_wekenecho" title="20 wekenecho">20 wekenecho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aangeboren_afwijking" title="Aangeboren afwijking">Aangeboren afwijking</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ruggenmerg#Grijze_stof" title="Ruggenmerg">Achterhoorn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Agenesie" title="Agenesie">Agenesie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alvleesklierknop" title="Alvleesklierknop">Alvleesklierknop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ampulla_tubae_uterinae" title="Ampulla tubae uterinae">Ampulla tubae uterinae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bekkeninstabiliteit" title="Bekkeninstabiliteit">Bekkeninstabiliteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foetale_bloedsomloop" title="Foetale bloedsomloop">Bloedeilandje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boezemtussenschot" title="Boezemtussenschot">Boezemtussenschot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Carnegiestadia" title="Carnegiestadia">Carnegiestadia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chorioamnionitis" title="Chorioamnionitis">Chorioamnionitis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chorda_dorsalis" title="Chorda dorsalis">Chorda dorsalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cloaca_(embryo)" title="Cloaca (embryo)">Cloaca</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coloboom" title="Coloboom">Coloboom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Doodgeboorte" title="Doodgeboorte">Doodgeboorte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Doppler_foetus_monitor" title="Doppler foetus monitor">Doppler foetus monitor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ductus_arteriosus" title="Ductus arteriosus">Ductus arteriosus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ductus_venosus" title="Ductus venosus">Ductus venosus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Echografie" title="Echografie">Echografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erytropo%C3%ABse" title="Erytropoëse">Erytropoëse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Faryngula-stadium" title="Faryngula-stadium">Faryngula-stadium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foetale_bloedsomloop" title="Foetale bloedsomloop">Foetale bloedsomloop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foetale_pool" title="Foetale pool">Foetale pool</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foetus" title="Foetus">Foetus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foetushouding" title="Foetushouding">Foetushouding</a> · <a href="/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(hart)" title="Foramen ovale (hart)">Foramen ovale </a> · <a href="/wiki/Fysiologische_veranderingen_tijdens_de_zwangerschap" title="Fysiologische veranderingen tijdens de zwangerschap">Fysiologische veranderingen tijdens de zwangerschap</a>· <a href="/wiki/Galblaasknop" title="Galblaasknop">Galblaasknop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gang_van_Wolff" title="Gang van Wolff">Gang van Wolff</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gang_van_M%C3%BCller" title="Gang van Müller">Gang van Müller</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gehoorblaasje" title="Gehoorblaasje">Gehoorblaasje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gelei_van_Wharton" title="Gelei van Wharton">Gelei van Wharton</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geslachtsstrengen" title="Geslachtsstrengen">Geslachtsstrengen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gonadale_richel" title="Gonadale richel">Gonadale richel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Groeiecho" title="Groeiecho">Groeiecho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gubernaculum_(zoogdier)" title="Gubernaculum (zoogdier)">Gubernaculum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Harde_buik" title="Harde buik">Harde buik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Helm_(volksgeloof)" title="Helm (volksgeloof)">Helm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hersenblaasje" title="Hersenblaasje">Hersenblaasje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Huidmaceratie" title="Huidmaceratie">Huidmaceratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/In-vitrofertilisatie" title="In-vitrofertilisatie">In-vitrofertilisatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kiembaan" title="Kiembaan">Kiembaan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kieuwspleet" title="Kieuwspleet">Kieuwspleet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kieuwspleet" title="Kieuwspleet">Kieuwboog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kieuwspleet" title="Kieuwspleet">Kieuwzakje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kop-romplengte" title="Kop-romplengte">Kop-romplengte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kunstmatige_inseminatie_bij_de_mens" title="Kunstmatige inseminatie bij de mens">Kunstmatige inseminatie bij de mens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laag_van_Nitabuch" title="Laag van Nitabuch">Laag van Nitabuch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laag_van_Rohr" title="Laag van Rohr">Laag van Rohr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Labioscrotale_plooi" title="Labioscrotale plooi">Labioscrotale plooi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lanugo_(haar)" title="Lanugo (haar)">Lanugo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ledemaatknop" title="Ledemaatknop">Ledemaatknop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lensblaasje" title="Lensblaasje">Lensblaasje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lensplacode" title="Lensplacode">Lensplacode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leverknop" title="Leverknop">Leverknop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meconium" title="Meconium">Meconium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Membraan_van_Heuser" title="Membraan van Heuser">Membraan van Heuser</a> · <a href="/wiki/Membraan_van_Reichert" title="Membraan van Reichert">Membraan van Reichert</a> · <a href="/wiki/Membrana_buccopharyngea" title="Membrana buccopharyngea">Membrana buccopharyngea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Menselijke_vruchtbaarheid" title="Menselijke vruchtbaarheid">Menselijke vruchtbaarheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metanefrogeen_blasteem" title="Metanefrogeen blasteem">Metanefrogeen blasteem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Miskraam" title="Miskraam">Miskraam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mittelschmerz" title="Mittelschmerz">Mittelschmerz</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moederkoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Moederkoek">Moederkoek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nageboorte" title="Nageboorte">Nageboorte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Navelstreng" title="Navelstreng">Navelstreng</a> · <a href="/wiki/Navelstrengbloed" class="mw-redirect" title="Navelstrengbloed">Navelstrengbloed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Navelstrengader" title="Navelstrengader">Navelstrengader</a> · <a href="/wiki/Navelstrengslagader" title="Navelstrengslagader">Navelstrengslagader</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neusplacode" title="Neusplacode">Neusplacode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oernier" title="Oernier">Oernier</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkeling_van_het_hart" title="Ontwikkeling van het hart">Ontwikkeling van het hart</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oog_(anatomie)#Ontwikkeling_van_het_oog" title="Oog (anatomie)">Ontwikkeling van het oog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oogbeker" title="Oogbeker">Oogbeker</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oogblaasje" title="Oogblaasje">Oogblaasje</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oorplacode" title="Oorplacode">Oorplacode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ossificatie" title="Ossificatie">Ossificatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pinopodium" title="Pinopodium">Pinopodium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">Placenta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Placentaloslating" title="Placentaloslating">Placentaloslating</a> · <a href="/wiki/Placenta_praevia" title="Placenta praevia">Placenta praevia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Placentofagie" title="Placentofagie">Placentofagie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Placode" title="Placode">Placode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polyhydramnion" title="Polyhydramnion">Polyhydramnion</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pretecho" title="Pretecho">Pretecho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Septum_urorectale" title="Septum urorectale">Septum urorectale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sinus_urogenitalis" title="Sinus urogenitalis">Sinus urogenitalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spildraai" title="Spildraai">Spildraai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spiraalarterie" title="Spiraalarterie">Spiraalarterie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stomodeum" title="Stomodeum">Stomodeum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stroma_(eierstok)" title="Stroma (eierstok)">Stroma (eierstok)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stuitligging" title="Stuitligging">Stuitligging</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superfecundatie" title="Superfecundatie">Superfecundatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superfoetatie" title="Superfoetatie">Superfoetatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Termijnecho" title="Termijnecho">Termijnecho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tuberculum_genitale" title="Tuberculum genitale">Tuberculum genitale</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urachus" title="Urachus">Urachus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urineleiderknop" title="Urineleiderknop">Urineleiderknop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Urogenitale_plooi" title="Urogenitale plooi">Urogenitale plooi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vasa_praevia" title="Vasa praevia">Vasa praevia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Navelstreng#Anatomie" title="Navelstreng">Vena umbilicalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vernix_caseosa" title="Vernix caseosa">Vernix caseosa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vesicula_optica" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicula optica">Vesicula optica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vitaliteitsecho" title="Vitaliteitsecho">Vitaliteitsecho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ruggenmerg#Grijze_stof" title="Ruggenmerg">Voorhoorn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vroeggeboorte" title="Vroeggeboorte">Vroeggeboorte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vruchtwaterpunctie" title="Vruchtwaterpunctie">Vruchtwaterpunctie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wnt-signalering" title="Wnt-signalering">Wnt-signalering</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zwangerschap" title="Zwangerschap">Zwangerschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zwangerschapscategorie" 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