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title="Volksbuch">Volksbuch</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chap-Book" redirects here. For the 19th-century American magazine, see <a href="/wiki/The_Chap-Book" title="The Chap-Book">The Chap-Book</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Chapter_book" title="Chapter book">chapter book</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chapbook" title="Special:EditPage/Chapbook">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chapbook%22">"Chapbook"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chapbook%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chapbook%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chapbook%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chapbook%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chapbook%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>chapbook</b> is a type of small printed booklet that was a popular medium for <a href="/wiki/Street_literature" title="Street literature">street literature</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Europe" title="Early modern Europe">early modern Europe</a>. Chapbooks were usually produced cheaply, illustrated with crude <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> and printed on a single sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages, sometimes bound with a <a href="/wiki/Saddle_stitch" title="Saddle stitch">saddle stitch</a>. Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. The tradition of chapbooks emerged during the 16th century as printed books were becoming affordable, with the medium ultimately reaching its height of popularity during the 17th and 18th centuries. Various <a href="/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera">ephemera</a> and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks, such as <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballads" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballads">ballads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhymes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, and political and religious <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tracts</a>. The term <i>chapbook</i> remains in use by publishers to refer to short, inexpensive booklets. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg/220px-Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg/330px-Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Chapbook_Jack_the_Giant_Killer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="618"></a><figcaption>The chapbook <i><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer" title="Jack the Giant Killer">Jack the Giant Killer</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Terminology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Production_and_distribution"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Production and distribution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Content"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Content</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Influence"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Influence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Later_production"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Later production</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Collections"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Collections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Works_cited"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Works cited</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><i>Chapbook</i> is first attested in English in 1824, and seemingly derives from <i><a href="/wiki/Chapmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapmen">chapman</a></i>, the word for the itinerant salesmen who would sell such books.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first element of <i>chapman</i> comes in turn from Old English <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">cēap</i></span> 'barter', 'business', 'dealing',<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which the modern adjective <i>cheap</i> was ultimately derived. </p><p>Chapbooks correspond to Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cordel_literature" title="Cordel literature">Cordel literature</a>, and to French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_bleue" title="Bibliothèque bleue">bibliothèque bleue</a></i></span> 'blue library' literature, because they were often wrapped in cheap blue paper that was usually reserved as a wrapping for sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapbooks are called <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Volksbuch</i></span> 'people's book' in German, and as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pliegos sueltos</i></span> 'loose sheets' in Spanish, with the latter name referring to their method of assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Lubok" title="Lubok">Lubok</a></i> books are the Russian equivalent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011158_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011158-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png/220px-Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="718"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png/220px-Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png/330px-Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png/440px-Fairies_dancing_in_a_ring_woodcut.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Woodcut of a <a href="/wiki/Fairy-circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy-circle">fairy-circle</a> from a 17th-century chapbook</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Broadside_ballads" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadside ballads">Broadside ballads</a> were popular songs, sold for a <a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">penny</a> or <a href="/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)">halfpenny</a> in the streets of towns and villages around Britain between the 16th and the early 20th centuries. They preceded chapbooks but had similar content, marketing, and distribution systems. There are records from <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> as early as in 1553 of a man offering a scurrilous ballad "maistres mass" at an <a href="/wiki/Alehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alehouse">alehouse</a>, and a pedlar selling "lytle books" to people,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a patcher of old clothes in 1578. These sales are probably characteristic of the market for chapbooks. </p><p>The form factor originated in Britain, but was also used in North America. Chapbooks gradually disappeared from the mid-19th century in the face of competition from cheap newspapers and, especially in Scotland, from tract societies that regarded them as ungodly. </p><p>Chapbooks were generally aimed at buyers who did not maintain libraries, and due to their flimsy construction they rarely survive as individual items. In an era when paper was expensive, chapbooks were sometimes used for wrapping, baking, or as <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the surviving chapbooks come from the collections of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> between 1661 and 1688 which are now held at <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College, Cambridge</a>. The antiquary <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wood_(antiquary)" title="Anthony Wood (antiquary)">Anthony Wood</a> also collected 65 chapbooks, including 20 from before 1660, which are now in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>. There are also significant Scottish collections, such as those held by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern collectors such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Opie" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Opie">Peter Opie</a>, have chiefly a scholarly interest in the form.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern small literary presses, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louffa_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louffa Press (page does not exist)">Louffa Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Lawrence_Press" title="Black Lawrence Press">Black Lawrence Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ugly_Duckling_Presse" title="Ugly Duckling Presse">Ugly Duckling Presse</a>, continue to issue several small editions of chapbooks a year, updated in technique and materials, often to high fabrication standards, such as <a href="/wiki/Letterpress" class="mw-redirect" title="Letterpress">letterpress</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Production_and_distribution">Production and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production and distribution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Chapbooks were cheap, anonymous publications that were the usual reading material for lower-class people who could not afford books. Members of the upper classes occasionally owned chapbooks, and sometimes bound them in leather. Printers typically tailored their texts for the popular market. Chapbooks were usually between four and twenty-four pages long, and produced on rough paper with crude, frequently recycled, woodcut illustrations. They sold in the millions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title='"Millions" per chapbook or total? (February 2024)'>clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After 1696, English chapbook peddlers had to be licensed, and 2,500 of them were then authorized, 500 in London alone. In France, there were 3,500 licensed <a href="/wiki/Colporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="Colporteur">colporteurs</a> by 1848, and they sold 40 million books annually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121–122_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121%E2%80%93122-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The centre of the chapbook and ballad production was London, and until the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London" title="Great Fire of London">Great Fire of London</a> in 1666 the printers were based around <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a>. However, a feature of chapbooks is the proliferation of provincial printers, especially in Scotland and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Scottish publication was the tale of <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Thumb" title="Tom Thumb">Tom Thumb</a>,</i> in 1682.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Content" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CalasChapbook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CalasChapbook.jpg/240px-CalasChapbook.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="409"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 185px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CalasChapbook.jpg/240px-CalasChapbook.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CalasChapbook.jpg/360px-CalasChapbook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CalasChapbook.jpg/480px-CalasChapbook.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The frontispiece of a late 18th-century chapbook edition of <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>'s <i>The Extraordinary Tragical Fate of Calas</i>, depicting <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calas" title="Jean Calas">Jean Calas</a> being <a href="/wiki/Broken_on_the_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Broken on the wheel">broken on the wheel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chapbooks were an important medium for the dissemination of popular culture to the common people, especially in rural areas. They were a medium of entertainment and information. Though the content of chapbooks has been criticized as unsophisticated narratives which were heavily loaded with repetition and emphasized adventure through mostly anecdotal structures,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are valued as a record of popular culture, preserving cultural artefacts that may not survive in any other form. </p><p>Chapbooks were priced for sales to workers, although their market was not limited to the working classes. Broadside ballads were sold for a <a href="/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)">halfpenny</a>, or a few <a href="/wiki/Pence" class="mw-redirect" title="Pence">pence</a>. Prices of chapbooks were from 2d. to 6d., when agricultural labourers' wages were 12d. per day. The literacy rate in England in the 1640s was around 30 percent for males and rose to 60 percent in the mid-18th century. Many working people were readers, if not writers, and pre-industrial working patterns provided periods during which they could read. </p><p>Chapbooks were used for reading to family groups or groups in alehouses. They contributed to the development of literacy, and there is evidence of their use by <a href="/wiki/Autodidact" class="mw-redirect" title="Autodidact">autodidacts</a>. In the 1660s, as many as 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanacs</a> were printed annually, enough for one family in three in England. One 17th-century publisher of chapbooks in London stocked one book for every 15 families in the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How many is that? (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1520s the Oxford bookseller John Dorne noted in his day-book selling up to 190 <a href="/wiki/Ballads" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballads">ballads</a> a day at a halfpenny each. The probate inventory of the stock of Charles Tias, of <i>The sign of the Three Bibles</i> on London Bridge, in 1664 included books and printed sheets to make approximately 90,000 chapbooks (including 400 reams of paper) and 37,500 ballad sheets. Tias was not regarded as an outstanding figure in the trade. The inventory of Josiah Blare, of <i>The Sign of the Looking Glass</i> on London Bridge, in 1707 listed 31,000 books, plus 257 reams of printed sheets. A conservative estimate of sales in Scotland alone in the second half of the 18th century was over 200,000 per year. </p><p>Printers provided chapbooks on credit to chapmen, who sold them both from door to door and at markets and fairs, then paying for the stock they sold. This facilitated wide distribution and large sales with minimum outlay, and also provided the printers with feedback about what titles were most popular. Popular works were reprinted, pirated, edited, and produced in different editions. </p><p>Publishers also issued catalogues, and chapbooks are found in the libraries of provincial <a href="/wiki/Yeomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeomen">yeomen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a>. John Whiting, a Quaker yeoman imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Ilchester,_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilchester, Somerset">Ilchester, Somerset</a>, in the 1680s had books sent by carrier from London, and left for him at an inn. </p><p>Samuel Pepys had a collection of ballads bound into volumes, under the following classifications, into which could fit the subject matter of most chapbooks: </p> <ol><li>Devotion and Morality</li> <li>History – true and fabulous</li> <li>Tragedy: viz. Murders, executions, and judgments of God</li> <li>State and Times</li> <li>Love – pleasant</li> <li>Ditto – unpleasant</li> <li>Marriage, Cuckoldry, &c.</li> <li>Sea – love, gallantry & actions</li> <li>Drinking and good fellowship</li> <li>Humour, frollicks and mixt.</li></ol> <p>Stories in many chapbooks have much earlier origins. <i>Bevis of Hampton</i> was an Anglo-Norman romance of the 13th century, which probably drew on earlier themes. The structure of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Sages_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="The Seven Sages of Rome">The Seven Sages of Rome</a></i> was of Eastern origin, and was used by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>. Many jests about ignorant and greedy clergy in chapbooks were taken from <i>The Friar and the Boy</i> printed about 1500 by <a href="/wiki/Wynkyn_de_Worde" title="Wynkyn de Worde">Wynkyn de Worde</a>, and <i>The Sackfull of News</i> (1557). </p><p>Historical stories set in a mythical and fantastical past were popular, while many significant historical figures and events appear rarely or not at all: in the Pepys collection, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> do not appear as historical figures, <a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Roses">The Wars of the Roses</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> do not appear at all, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> appears only once, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> appear in disguise, <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">standing up for the right</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with cobblers and millers and then inviting them to court and rewarding them. There was a pattern of high born heroes overcoming reduced circumstances by valour, such as <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Warwick" title="Guy of Warwick">Guy of Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>, and heroes of low birth who achieve status through force of arms, such as Clim of Clough, and William of Cloudesley. Clergy often appear as figures of fun, and foolish countrymen were also popular (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wise_Men_of_Gotham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wise Men of Gotham">The Wise Men of Gotham</a></i>). Other works were aimed at regional and rural audience (e.g., <i>The Country Mouse and the Town Mouse</i>). </p><p>From 1597 works were published that were aimed at specific trades, such as <a href="/wiki/Cloth_merchant" title="Cloth merchant">cloth merchants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weaver_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaver (occupation)">weavers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoemakers">shoemakers</a>. The latter were commonly literate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thomas Deloney, a weaver, wrote <i>Thomas of Reading</i>, about six clothiers from <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, traveling together and meeting at <a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a> their fellows from <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a>. In his <i>Jack of <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a></i>, set during <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s reign, an apprentice to a <a href="/wiki/Broadcloth" title="Broadcloth">broadcloth</a> weaver takes over his business and marries his widow on his death. On achieving success, he is liberal to the poor and refuses a knighthood for his substantial services to the king. </p><p>Other examples from the Pepys collection include <i>The Countryman's Counsellor, or Everyman his own Lawyer</i>, and <i>Sports and Pastimes</i>, written for schoolboys, including magic tricks, like how to "fetch a shilling out of a handkerchief",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (February 2024)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> write invisibly, make roses out of paper, snare wild duck, and make a maid-servant fart uncontrollably. </p><p>The provinces and Scotland had their own local heroes. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> commented that one of the first two books he read in private was "the history of Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">William Wallace</a> ... poured a Scottish prejudice in my veins which will boil along there till the flood-gates of life shut in eternal rest".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (February 2024)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Chapbooks had a wide and continuing influence. Eighty percent of English folk songs collected by early-20th-century collectors have been linked to printed broadsides, including over 90 of which could only be derived from those printed before 1700. It has been suggested the majority of surviving ballads can be traced to 1550–1600 by internal evidence. </p><p>One of the most popular and influential chapbooks was Richard Johnson's <i>Seven Champions of Christendom</i> (1596), believed to be the source for the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> into English <a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">folk plays</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Greene_(16th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Greene (16th century)">Robert Greene</a>'s 1588 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dorastus_and_Fawnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorastus and Fawnia">Dorastus and Fawnia</a></i>, the basis of Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i>, was still being published in cheap editions in the 1680s. Some stories were still being published in the 19th century, (e.g., <i>Jack of Newbury</i>, <i>Friar Bacon</i>, <i>Dr Faustus</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" class="mw-redirect" title="The Seven Champions of Christendom">The Seven Champions of Christendom</a></i>). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Later_production">Later production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later production" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapbook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chapbook.JPG/220px-Chapbook.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1404"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 277px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chapbook.JPG/220px-Chapbook.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="277" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chapbook.JPG/330px-Chapbook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chapbook.JPG/440px-Chapbook.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A modern chapbook</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Chapbook</i> is also a term currently used to denote publications of up to about 40 pages, usually poetry bound with some form of <a href="/wiki/Saddle_stitch" title="Saddle stitch">saddle stitch</a>, though many are <a href="/wiki/Perfect_bound" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfect bound">perfect bound</a>, folded, or wrapped. These publications range from low-cost productions to finely produced, hand-made editions that may sell to collectors for hundreds of dollars. More recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the popularity of fiction and non-fiction chapbooks has also increased. In the UK they are more often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphlets</a>. </p><p>The genre has been revitalized in the past 40 years by the widespread availability of first <a href="/wiki/Mimeograph" title="Mimeograph">mimeograph</a> technology, then low-cost copy centres and digital printing, and by the cultural revolutions spurred by both <a href="/wiki/Zines" class="mw-redirect" title="Zines">zines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poetry_slam" title="Poetry slam">poetry slams</a>, the latter generating hundreds upon hundreds of self-published chapbooks that are used to fund tours. The Center for the Humanities at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> Graduate Center has held the NYC/CUNY Chapbook Festival, focused on "the chapbook as a work of art, and as a medium for alternative and emerging writers and publishers".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup-list plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverified</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">indiscriminate</a> information</b> in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">embedded lists</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit">clean up the lists</a> by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> holds a large collection of Scottish chapbooks; approximately 4,000 of an estimated total of 15,000 published – including several in <a href="/wiki/Lowland_Scots_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland Scots Language">Lowland Scots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records for most Scottish chapbooks have been catalogued online. Approximately 3,000 of these have been digitized and can be accessed from the Library's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nls.uk/chapbooks-printed-in-scotland/archive/104184103">Digital Gallery</a>. A project is underway to add every chapbook in the collection to Wikisource at <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_NLS">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_NLS</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_University_Library" title="Glasgow University Library">Glasgow University Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has over 1,000 examples throughout the collections, searchable online via the Scottish Chapbooks Catalogue of c. 4,000 works, which covers the Lauriston Castle collection, Edinburgh City libraries and Stirling University. The University of South Carolina's G. Ross Roy Collection is collaborating in research for the Scottish Chapbook Project.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> of the University of Oxford<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has over 30,000 ballads in several major collections. The original printed materials range from the 16th to the 20th century. The Broadside Ballads project makes the digitized copies of the sheets and ballads available.</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Madden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Madden">Frederick Madden</a>'s Collection of Broadside Ballads, at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is possibly the largest collection from London and provincial presses between 1775 and 1850, with earlier 18th-century garlands and Irish volumes.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lilly_Library" title="Lilly Library">Lilly Library</a>, Indiana University<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has 1,900 chapbooks from England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and the United States, which were part of the Elisabeth W. Ball collection. Online search facility</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, Special Collections and University Archives<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> houses the Harry Bischoff Weiss collection of 18th- and 19th-century chapbooks, illustrated with catchpenny prints.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands University Library">John Rylands University Library</a> at University of Manchester<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains 600 items in The Sharpe Collection of chapbooks, formed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kirkpatrick_Sharpe" title="Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe">Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe</a>. These are 19th-century items printed in Scotland and Newcastle upon Tyne.</li> <li>Literatura de Cordel Brazilian Chapbook Collection Library of Congress, <a href="/wiki/American_Folklife_Center" title="American Folklife Center">American Folklife Center</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a collection of over 7200 works of <a href="/wiki/Cordel_literature" title="Cordel literature">cordel literature</a>. Descended from the medieval troubadour and chapbook tradition of cordel literature has been published in Brazil for over a century.</li> <li>The Archival and Special Collections at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Guelph Library">University of Guelph Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a collection of more than 550 chapbooks in its extensive Scottish holdings.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Art_Library" title="National Art Library">National Art Library</a>, Victoria & Albert Museum in London<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a collection of approximately 800 chapbooks, all catalogued.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Library" title="McGill University Library">McGill University Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has over 900 British and American chapbooks published in the 18th and 19th centuries. The chapbooks have been digitized and can be read online.</li> <li>The Grupo de investigación sobre relaciones de sucesos (siglos XVI–XVIII) en la Península Ibérica, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Coru%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade da Coruña">Universidade da Coruña</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catalog and Digital Library of "Relaciones de sucesos" (16th–18th centuries). Bibliographical database of more than 5,000 chap-books, pamphlets, Early modern press news, etc. Facsimilar reproduction of many of the copies: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921192809/http://rosalia.dc.fi.udc.es/RelacionesSucesosBusqueda/">Catálogo y Biblioteca Digital de Relaciones de Sucesos (siglos XVI–XVIII)</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ball_State_University" title="Ball State University">Ball State University</a> Digital Media Repository Chapbooks collection<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides online access to 173 chapbooks from the 19th and 20th centuries.</li> <li>The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Digital_Library" title="Cambridge Digital Library">Cambridge Digital Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hosts a growing number of digital facsimiles of Spanish chapbooks from the collections of Cambridge University Library and the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a> has a digitized collection of chapbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The project <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://desenrollandoelcordel.unige.ch/inicio.html"><i>Untangling the cordel</i></a> offers a collection of almost 1000 <i>pliegos de cordel</i>, the Spanish equivalent of English chapbooks, kept at the University Library of the University of Geneva.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblioteca.cchs.csic.es/MappingPliegos/">Mapping Pliegos</a></i> is a portal dedicated to 19th-century Spanish chapbook literature. It brings together the digitized collections of over a dozen partner libraries.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Blue_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Blue Books">Gothic Blue Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_dreadful" title="Penny dreadful">Penny dreadful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0pal%C3%AD%C4%8Dek_(ballet)" title="Špalíček (ballet)">Špalíček (ballet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">Zine</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpufford1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spufford" title="Margaret Spufford">Spufford, Margaret</a> (1984). <i>The Great Reclothing of Rural England</i>. London: Hambledon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907-62847-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-907-62847-8"><bdi>0-907-62847-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Reclothing+of+Rural+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-907-62847-8&rft.aulast=Spufford&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitch1990" class="citation journal cs1">Leitch, R. (1990). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Here Chapman Billies Take Their Stand': A Pilot Study of Scottish Chapmen, Packmen and Pedlars". <i>Proceedings of the Scottish Society of Antiquarians 120</i>: 173–188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Scottish+Society+of+Antiquarians+120&rft.atitle=%27Here+Chapman+Billies+Take+Their+Stand%27%3A+A+Pilot+Study+of+Scottish+Chapmen%2C+Packmen+and+Pedlars&rft.pages=173-188&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Leitch&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, s.vv. <i>chap-book, n.</i> and <i>chapman, n.</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyons2011">Lyons 2011</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011158-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011158_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyons2011">Lyons 2011</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpufford1985" class="citation book cs1">Spufford, Margaret (1985). <i>Small books and pleasant histories: popular fiction and its readership in seventeenth-century England</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9"><bdi>978-0-521-31218-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+books+and+pleasant+histories%3A+popular+fiction+and+its+readership+in+seventeenth-century+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-31218-9&rft.aulast=Spufford&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpufford1985" class="citation book cs1">Spufford, Margaret (1985). <i>Small books and pleasant histories: popular fiction and its readership in seventeenth-century England</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31218-9"><bdi>978-0-521-31218-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+books+and+pleasant+histories%3A+popular+fiction+and+its+readership+in+seventeenth-century+England&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-31218-9&rft.aulast=Spufford&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/chapbooks/search/">"Scottish Chapbooks"</a>. University of Glasgow<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Chapbooks&rft.pub=University+of+Glasgow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecial.lib.gla.ac.uk%2Fchapbooks%2Fsearch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nls.uk/collections/rare-books/collections/chapbooks">"Chapbooks"</a>. National Library of Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapbooks&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nls.uk%2Fcollections%2Frare-books%2Fcollections%2Fchapbooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf">"The Working Papers of Iona and Peter Opie" Julia C. Bishop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106071616/http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us">http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106071616/http://admin.oral-tradition.chs.orphe.us/wp-content/uploads/files/articles/28ii/05_28.2.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, February 28, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/115332/1/The%20Lives%20and%20Legacies%20of%20Iona%20and%20Peter%20Opie%20FINAL.pdf">"The lives and legacies of Iona and Peter Opie"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk">http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2011121–122-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyons2011121%E2%80%93122_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyons2011">Lyons 2011</a>, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the "Introduction" <i>in</i> Simons, John (1998) <i>Guy of Warwick and other Chapbook Romances</i> University of Exeter Press, Exeter, England, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85989-445-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85989-445-2">0-85989-445-2</a>, for issues of definition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagan2019" class="citation web cs1">Hagan, Anette (August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.europeana.eu/2019/08/chapbooks-the-poor-persons-reading-material/">"Chapbooks: the poor person's reading material"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europeana" title="Europeana">Europeana</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europeana&rft.atitle=Chapbooks%3A+the+poor+person%27s+reading+material&rft.date=2019-08&rft.aulast=Hagan&rft.aufirst=Anette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.europeana.eu%2F2019%2F08%2Fchapbooks-the-poor-persons-reading-material%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoeveler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hoeveler, D. L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archive+ouverte+HAL&rft.atitle=Le+projet+%C2%AB+D%C3%A9m%C3%AAler+le+cordel+%C2%BB+%3A+une+biblioth%C3%A8que+num%C3%A9rique+pour+l%27%C3%A9tude+de+la+litt%C3%A9rature+%C3%A9ph%C3%A9m%C3%A8re+espagnole+du+XIX+e+si%C3%A8cle&rft.date=2021-05&rft.aulast=Carta&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft.au=Leblanc%2C+Elina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.science%2Fhal-03526522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works cited" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Department_of_Rare_Books_and_Special_Collections" class="citation web cs1">The Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sc.edu/library/spcoll/britlit/cbooks/cbook.html">"The Scottish Chapbook Project"</a>. University of South Carolina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Chapbook+Project&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina&rft.au=The+Department+of+Rare+Books+and+Special+Collections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sc.edu%2Flibrary%2Fspcoll%2Fbritlit%2Fcbooks%2Fcbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurnivall1871" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Furnivall" class="mw-redirect" title="F. J. Furnivall">Furnivall, F. J.</a>, ed. (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/captaincoxhisba01lanegoog"><i>Captain Cox, His Ballads and Books</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captain+Cox%2C+His+Ballads+and+Books&rft.date=1871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaptaincoxhisba01lanegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2011" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, Martyn (2011). <i>Books: a living history</i>. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-606-06083-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-606-06083-4"><bdi>978-1-606-06083-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books%3A+a+living+history&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=J.+Paul+Getty+Museum&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-606-06083-4&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuburg1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg" title="Victor E. Neuburg">Neuburg, Victor E.</a> (1972). <i>Chapbooks: A guide to reference material on English, Scottish and American chapbook literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</i> (2nd ed.). 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London: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+penny+histories%3A+a+study+of+chapbooks+for+young+readers+over+two+centuries+%28illustrated+with+facsimiles+of+seven+chapbooks%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Neuburg&rft.aufirst=Victor+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuburg1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victor_E._Neuburg" title="Victor E. Neuburg">Neuburg, Victor E.</a> (1964). <i>Chapbooks: a bibliography of references to English and American chapbook literature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries</i>. 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Methuen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Books+and+Pleasant+Histories%3A+Popular+Fiction+and+its+Readership+in+seventeenth+Century+England&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Spufford&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1969" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Harry B. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookaboutchapboo0000weis"><i>A book about chapbooks</i></a></span>. Hatboro: Folklore Associates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+book+about+chapbooks&rft.place=Hatboro&rft.pub=Folklore+Associates&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Harry+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookaboutchapboo0000weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss1936" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Harry B. (1936). <i>A catalogue of chapbooks in the New York Public Library</i>. New York Public Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+catalogue+of+chapbooks+in+the+New+York+Public+Library&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Harry+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chapbook&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chapbooks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chapbooks">Chapbooks</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chapbook"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chapbook">"Chapbook" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapbook&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChapbook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libguides.stir.ac.uk/c.php?g=530467&p=3628581">Chapbooks with Scottish imprint from 1790-1890 Collection at University of Stirling Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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data-user-name="Jgam2962" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1731507826"> <span>Last edited on 13 November 2024, at 14:23</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="كتب قصصية صغيرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتب قصصية صغيرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapbook" title="Chapbook 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