Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?

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Oblast.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2166286350.jpg?fit=8192%2C5464&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2166286350.jpg?fit=8192%2C5464&ssl=1","width":8192,"height":5464,"caption":"A local volunteer looks at a building damaged by Ukrainian strikes in Kursk on August 16, 2024, following Ukraine's offensive into Russia's western Kursk region. Two people were killed while evacuating civilians from Russia's western Kursk region, where Ukraine is staging a major cross-border offensive, a pro-Kremlin organisation said Friday. Russia has evacuated more than 120,000 from towns and villages near the border with Ukraine since Kyiv launched its surprise border incursion last week. 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Chris' research interests lie in the field of public international law, with a particular focus on armed conflict and security. Chris holds a PhD in International Law from University College London. Prior to joining Exeter Law School, he was a Fellow in Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science and has been a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School and Leiden Law School. Chris previously practised as a lawyer at Linklaters and Latham & Watkins. Chris is the author of Necessity and Proportionality and the Right of Self-Defence in International Law (OUP, 2021), which is part of the prestigious Oxford Monographs in International Law series. His latest book, The Right of Self-Defence in International Law will be published by OUP as part of their Elements of International Law series. 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style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2166286350.jpg?fit=8192%2C5464&ssl=1); background-position:center center;"> <div class="overlay"></div> <div class="pagewidth pw1400"> <div class="title-wrap"> <h1>Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion? </h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="columns-wrap pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div id="secondary-left" class="secondary"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p><p class="date">August 23, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-98847" class="share-twitter sd-button 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><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jus-ad-bellum/" rel="tag">Jus ad Bellum</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/occupation/" rel="tag">occupation</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia-ukraine-war/" rel="tag">Russia-Ukraine War</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/ukraine/" rel="tag">Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/un-charter/" rel="tag">UN Charter</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/use-of-force/" rel="tag">Use of Force</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p><p class="date">August 23, 2024</p></div><p>The surprise large scale incursion by Ukrainian forces into Russia’s Kursk Oblast, which began on August 6, 2024, has stunned the world and raised fair-minded <a href="https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2024/08/what-military-history-tells-us-about-ukraines-kursk-invasion/398845/">questions</a> regarding both the strategic and the political wisdom of this bold response to ongoing Russian aggression. Two further questions should also be asked of this latest development in this tragic and bloody war. The first is whether Ukraine’s invasion of Russian territory is a lawful act of self-defense under international law. The second is why it matters, namely, what is the significance of the lawfulness of the incursion for Ukraine itself and for the rest of the world?</p> <p>In terms of the publicly known facts at this time, Ukraine’s incursion into Russia has resulted in its largest battlefield gains since its counteroffensive in late 2022. It comprises the invasion and occupation of Russian territory. Just over two weeks into the operation, Ukrainian forces have <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-opens-military-office-occupied-kursk-region-says-it-is-still-advancing-2024-08-15/">reportedly</a> advanced 35km into the Kursk region, taking 1,150 square kilometers under control, including numerous Russian settlements, and setting up a military administration office. Hundreds of Russian soldiers have been <a href="https://www.kyivpost.com/post/37504">captured</a> and the incursion is advancing into neighboring Russian regions as the Ukrainian forces push on. Russia meanwhile has referred to the invasion of its territory as a “<a href="https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/themes/id/1964975/">mass terrorist attack</a>.”</p> <p>On the issue of lawfulness, the question at hand is whether invading foreign territory in response to a war of aggression is lawful under international law. The short answer is yes, potentially at least, but subject to several important caveats. The full answer to this question lies in States adhering to a number of bodies of international law, including international humanitarian law (IHL) that governs a state’s conduct of hostilities. IHL speaks to how Ukraine carries out its operation. Fundamentally, the answer as to legality also relies on another body of law, grounded in the UN Charter and customary international law, that regulates when States may use military force outside of their own borders, including in self-defense.</p> <h2><strong>The Right of Self-Defense</strong></h2> <p>In considering Ukraine’s military actions in Russian territory, the starting position is that States are generally prohibited from using force against other States by Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, with the right of self-defense acting as a limited exception to that prohibition. In response to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which began in February 2022, Ukraine has an undeniable prima facie right to defend itself. This right of self-defense is enshrined in Article 51 of the UN Charter and there is <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/statement-by-members-of-ila-committee-on-use-of-force/">no doubt</a> that the <a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf">scale and effects</a> of Russia’s actions meet the required threshold (being an “armed attack”) that allows Ukraine to exercise this sovereign right in response. Yet, the key issue relates to how Ukraine is exercising this right such that it remains lawful and not in breach of the Article 2(4) prohibition. International law applies to both sides of the war. In defending itself, Ukraine must comply with its legal obligations (regardless of Russian non-compliance), and international law does not provide a <em>carte blanche</em> to States that are victims of violence, even the most egregious violence. States are not permitted to do whatever they like to protect their territory and citizens. A State’s right of self-defense is not absolute and is not a superior prerogative that automatically trumps other legal rights, even those of an aggressor like Russia. Rather, the right is conditioned, being restricted by legal rules that ensure that victim States do not overact beyond what is required to defend themselves.</p> <h2><strong>Necessity and Proportionality </strong></h2> <p>It is universally recognized that a State’s defensive force must be both “necessary” and “proportionate.” Although not referenced in the UN Charter itself, the International Court of Justice has confirmed that necessity and proportionality are <a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf">requirements of customary international law</a> and must be strictly adhered to in order for acts of self-defense to be <a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/70/070-19860627-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf">lawful</a>. The best view of the law is that these requirements <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/necessity-and-proportionality-and-the-right-of-self-defence-in-international-law-9780198863403?cc=us&lang=en&">apply on an ongoing basis</a> (pp. 166-170) to the entirety of any defensive military operation, alongside and in addition to other bodies of international law, most notably IHL. Accordingly, for international observers (whether they be strategists, policymakers, lawyers, States, international courts, and/or international organizations), an important question is whether the recent Ukrainian advances into Russian territory satisfy these cardinal rules of international law that govern a State’s recourse to armed force.</p> <p>There is little doubt that Russia’s ongoing aggression satisfies the question of the necessity of Ukraine’s ongoing self-defense, at least in some form. Necessity requires that military force be a <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/necessity-and-proportionality-and-the-right-of-self-defence-in-international-law-9780198863403?cc=us&lang=en&">measure of last resort</a> (pp. 38-42) (i.e., peaceful alternatives to force are unavailable or unfeasible and/or, on their own, would be ineffective to repel Russia’s ongoing armed attack), and few would dispute that force is the only reasonable choice of means available to Ukraine in the face of the continuing Russian aggression. A significant incursion across the Russian border represents a major shift in Ukraine’s defensive war, however, and the factor of occupation inside Russia adds a significant twist to the legal analysis of whether this incursion constitutes a lawful act of self-defense.</p> <p>From the perspective of the law governing self-defense, although there is no obligation for a victim State to limit its defensive response to within its <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/war-aggression-and-selfdefence/267F637971002C839A8AB472DD0CDB8B#overview">own borders</a> (p. 285), the invasion and occupation of an adversary’s territory is rarely going to be necessary or proportionate. This is because self-defense is designed to allow for victim States to protect their own territory, and <a href="https://www.icj-cij.org/case/186">international law prohibits States</a> from using force to seize the territory of others. Indeed, the very idea of protecting territorial integrity is at the core of Ukraine’s resistance against Russian aggression. Only in exceptional circumstances, therefore, will occupation of part of an aggressor’s territory ever be deemed a necessary and proportionate act of self-defense.</p> <p>The nature and scale of Russian aggression against Ukraine over several years and the enduring occupation of Ukrainian territory arguably calls for an exceptional response on the part of Ukraine. On the issue of necessity, <a href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1006778.html">Ukraine has pointed</a> to the fact that it has been limited in its ability to carry out strikes into Russian territory in order to target the source of long-range attacks against targets in Ukraine. As such, the invasion of Russian territory may justifiably be said to comprise the necessary means to achieve this defensive aim and to establish a buffer zone against such attacks, which enables it “<a href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1006778.html">to save the lives of our people and protect the territory of Ukraine from Russian strikes</a>,” in the words of the spokesperson of Ukraine’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Heorhiy Tykhyi. Indeed, such an exception may be more likely to apply in warring States with contiguous territory. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has since <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ukraine-blows-up-bridges-seim-river-kursk-disrupt-russian-supply-lines-rcna167111">emphasized</a> the defensive need to create such a “buffer zone,” with Defense Minister Rustem Umerov <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-minister-says-kursk-attack-aims-protect-border-area-2024-08-21/">telling</a> a U.S. delegation that “our goals there are to clear the border from Russian military threats and make enemy shelling and attacks on our towns and villages impossible.”</p> <p>As to the requirement of proportionality, Ukrainian acts of self-defense <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/necessity-and-proportionality-and-the-right-of-self-defence-in-international-law-9780198863403?cc=us&lang=en&">must not be “excessive</a>” (pp. 97-125) when measured against Ukraine achieving a legitimate defensive purpose of halting and repelling Russia’s ongoing aggression. Proportionality allows victim States to defend themselves effectively, in this case by halting and repelling the attack of the aggressor, but no more than that. Accordingly, Ukraine must exercise caution in its response, or such action risks being deemed excessive and, therefore, disproportionate and unlawful. <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/armed-attack-and-article-51-of-the-un-charter/F31FCA4C7F6B1D561466CEEEDDF014FF">One compelling view</a> (p. 117) is that temporary occupation of territory might be considered proportionate defensive action where it is the only means possible to help prevent the continuation of armed attacks. The threat to Ukraine posed by ongoing Russian aggression might readily be understood to be so great that it cannot adequately be resisted without temporary occupation of Russian territory.</p> <p>In support of this argument, as well as the aforementioned point that the incursion allows Ukraine to neutralize the source of long-range strikes against its territory, we should note that the war has ground on for over two years (longer if we go back to the initiation of military operations by Russia against Ukraine in February 2014) without any clear signs as to its end. Russia has given little indication that it is willing to halt its aggression and reinstate the territorial integrity of Ukraine, instead increasingly solidifying its hold on the territories it has unlawfully occupied. The incursion seeks to change this state of affairs. Ukraine has <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c8dpgeq01n0t">publicly stated</a> that an aim of its attack on the Kursk region is to force Moscow to start fair peace talks to end the war. Furthermore, over and above the morale boost to the Ukrainian forces and citizens, Ukraine’s allies might also be bolstered by this bold and unexpected assault and encouraged to increase military support to Ukraine. The Ukrainian advance also draws Russian attention from the front line in eastern Ukraine and <a href="https://kyivindependent.com/kursk-incursion-aims-to-divert-russian-troops/">aims to prevent Moscow</a> from sending additional reinforcements to the front in the Donbas. Some <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9d1yx9nwjxo">military analysts</a> point to Russia already being forced to redeploy units from that region to counter the Ukrainian offensive in the Kursk Oblast. All this is to the benefit of Ukraine’s self-defense and support to the argument that its actions are proportionate to this legitimate aim.</p> <p>Who decides? Although proposals exist for a <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9968/">Special Tribunal</a> on the Crime of Aggression for Ukraine, the question of the legality of Ukraine’s incursion is unlikely to be reviewed and resolved by an international court or tribunal any time soon (if ever). In my view, the Ukrainian incursion thus far is potentially necessary and proportionate under international law governing the use of force. We must wait to see whether the international community will share this view. In terms of State reactions so far, President Joe Biden’s response has been limited to noting the “<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/biden-calls-ukraine-incursion-a-real-dilemma-putin-2024-08-13/">real dilemma</a>” for President Vladimir Putin, and the U.S. Embassy in Moscow has recently <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/21/us-russia-journalists-kursk/">stated</a>, “we were not engaged in any aspect of the planning or preparation of this operation.” That said, some level of U.S. and British backing might be indicated by U.K. and U.S. tanks <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/08/17/out-in-the-open-and-on-the-move-in-russias-kursk-oblast-ukrainian-forces-are-vulnerable-and-losing-lots-of-armored-vehicles/">reportedly</a> having been used during the incursion. The EU meanwhile has been more stalwart in <a href="https://suspilne.media/808565-u-es-prokomentuvali-podii-u-kurskij-oblasti-ukraina-mae-zakonne-pravo-zahisatisa/">expressing its support</a> for the Ukrainian counteroffensive, going so far as to assert that according to international law, Ukraine “has the legal right to defend itself, including striking an aggressor on its territory.” The reaction of these and other States and international organisations (like the UN) as the incursion unfolds is crucial to ultimately shaping the international community’s understanding of the necessity and proportionality and, as a result, the legality of the Ukrainian military operation.</p> <p>That said, even if Ukraine’s temporary invasion of Russian territory might be regarded as a necessary and proportionate act of self-defense at this point in time, prolonged occupation beyond a defensive necessity (or any annexation of territory) is <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/international-law-and-the-use-of-force-9780198808411?cc=us&lang=en&">never justified</a> (p. 164). Ukrainian occupation of Russian territory is only potentially proportionate while the threat to Ukraine persists. Once Russia’s aggression has been successfully halted and repelled, any ongoing occupation will be unnecessary and must cease. Fortunately, Ukraine’s intentions appear to accord with these requirements of international law. Ukraine’s stated objective in invading the Kursk region is <a href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1006778.html">not to “take over”’</a> this Russian Oblast. Indeed the <a href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1006778.html">Foreign Ministry has confirmed</a> that ‘the sooner the Russian Federation agrees to restore a just peace … the sooner the raids of the Ukrainian Defense Forces on the territory of the Russian Federation will stop.” This statement helps establish a prima facie defensive purpose to the invasion, while affirming that the occupation is temporary. Such a position stands in stark contrast to Russia’s enduring and unlawful occupation of Ukrainian territory.</p> <p>Legality also hinges on other factors. Although the occupation of foreign territory is a distinctive and highly significant feature, the proportionality of the Ukrainian incursion will depend in large part on the overall effects of the operation on Russia. <a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/necessity-and-proportionality-and-the-right-of-self-defence-in-international-law-9780198863403?cc=us&lang=en&">Most significant</a> (pp. 139-146) is the resulting harm to Russian civilians and to civilian infrastructure. Proportionality does not allow for a tit for tat response on the part of Ukraine, one which would mirror the devastating attacks by the Russian State on Ukraine’s territory and civilians and to mete out that same devastation. Ukraine must contain its response to what is necessary to achieve a defensive purpose and not exceed that purpose. Excessive civilian harm risks being regarded as punishment, revenge, or retribution, which, by definition, goes beyond self-defense and into the realm of an unlawful use of force. These considerations apply in addition to the IHL protections for civilians and civilian objects, and only time will tell if they are met.</p> <h2><strong>Lawfulness and its Significance</strong></h2> <p>The question of whether Ukraine is adhering to international law governing the use of force is highly significant both for Ukraine as it fights for its survival and for the status and integrity of international law. The latter concern is magnified when we consider the current dismal geopolitical picture in which conflict is raging in different corners of the globe and the post World War II rules-based international order is under increasing threat.</p> <p>Over and above the self-evident argument that all States should abide by the law that applies to them, the legality of the Ukrainian advance has particular significance. In this war, Russia is the clear aggressor. By waging an aggressive war against its neighbor, Russia has egregiously violated the UN Charter and challenged the very international peace and security that, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, it is tasked to protect. Additionally, the Russian invasion has been marked throughout by allegations of widespread and systematic violations of IHL. <a href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and">Arrest warrants</a> have been issued by the International Criminal Court for alleged Russian war crimes, including against President Putin himself. The dominant narrative, therefore, is one of Russian illegality that poses a direct threat to the rules-based international order.</p> <p>In contrast, Ukraine fights as the victim of aggression. The UN Charter is on their side as guardian of their sovereignty and their territorial integrity. By acting in lawful self-defense, Ukraine’s conduct is protected by a mantle of legality and legitimacy. In the face of Russian violations, compliance with international law enhances the legitimacy of Ukrainian actions and bolsters the righteousness of their cause. Abiding by the international law ultimately benefits Ukraine and helps them to achieve their strategic aims, including garnering support and assistance from allies and partners around the world that profess to care about the rule of law.</p> <p>Ukraine’s adherence to the law also benefits the world more generally. The rules of the UN Charter and customary international law that regulate when States may use force were designed to underpin international peace and security and to prevent future generations from the “<a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text">scourge</a>” of the large interstate wars of the past. In defending itself, Ukraine also acts on behalf of the international community in upholding these cardinal rules and helping to prevent their decline. This matter is something in which all States and their citizens have an abiding interest.</p> <h6><em>Photo credit: A local volunteer looks at a building damaged by Ukrainian strikes in Kursk on August 16, 2024, following Ukraine’s offensive into Russia’s western Kursk region (Tatyana Makeyeva/AFP via Getty Images)</em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jus-ad-bellum/" rel="tag">Jus ad Bellum</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/occupation/" rel="tag">occupation</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia-ukraine-war/" rel="tag">Russia-Ukraine War</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/ukraine/" rel="tag">Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/un-charter/" rel="tag">UN Charter</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/use-of-force/" rel="tag">Use of Force</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. 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Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104130/rule-of-law-index-2024/">Rule of Law Index Shows Some Rays of Hope Amidst Continuing Global Recession</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andersenelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Andersen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Andersen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/evangelidesalicia/" title="Profile and articles by Alicia Evangelides" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alicia Evangelides</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104036/heat-map-january-6th-defendants-2/">Heat Map of January 6th Defendants Across the United States</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103956/proud-boys-threat-assessment/">Proud Boys Threat Assessment: From the Planning of January 6th to Future Scenarios</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103773/top-10-election-litigation/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. Michael Kirby</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/">‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99069/artificial-intelligence-democracy-effects/">Don’t Downplay Risks of AI for Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nosselsuzanne/" title="Profile and articles by Suzanne Nossel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Suzanne Nossel</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98844/dont-sanction-icc/">Don’t Sanction the ICC for Doing its Job</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mayamichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Maya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Maya</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98895/presidential-immunity-congressional-contempt/">Presidential Immunity Decision May Have Implications for Congressional-Executive Divide on Criminal Contempt</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wrightandy/" title="Profile and articles by Andy Wright" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andy Wright</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/">Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98812/icc-amicus-brief-israel-palestine/">Expert Explainer: The US for the first time submits a formal brief to the International Criminal Court on the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchwaldtodd/" title="Profile and articles by Todd Buchwald" class="author url fn" rel="author">Todd Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98733/ukraine-icc-ratification/">Unforced Error: Article 124 and the Regrettable Caveat to Ukraine’s Proposed Ratification of the ICC Statute</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98674/911-plea-deals-revoked/">Revoking the 9/11 Plea Deals: Human Rights Consequences</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98652/afghanistan-taliban-third-anniversary/">Collecting Just Security’s Afghanistan Coverage on Third Anniversary of Taliban Takeover</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98592/sudan-talks-deadlock/">Breaking the Deadlock: New Talks Needed to Help End Sudan’s Violence and Offer a Glimmer of Hope</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/abdulshafiquscondy/" title="Profile and articles by Quscondy Abdulshafi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Quscondy Abdulshafi</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98543/fara-sue-mi-terry/">The Perils of Expertise: How the DOJ Indictment of Sue Mi Terry Can Chill the Think Tank World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/craiggregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory B. Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105064/mapping-state-reactions-icc/">Mapping State Reactions to the ICC Arrest Warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ingberrebecca/" title="Profile and articles by Rebecca Ingber" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rebecca Ingber</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/95879/symposium-international-criminal-court-gaza/">A Symposium on the International Criminal Court and the Israel-Hamas War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jessica Peake</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/94368/symposium-view-from-lviv/">Symposium: International Law in Ukraine – The View from Lviv</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Apr 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/90411/2024-and-beyond-just-securitys-us-election-protection-coverage/">2024 and Beyond: Just Security’s US Election Protection Coverage</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a 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class="date">Feb 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89838/the-future-of-atrocity-prevention-a-joint-symposium/">The Future of Atrocity Prevention: A Joint Symposium</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/whiddengwendolyn/" title="Profile and articles by Gwendolyn Whidden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gwendolyn Whidden</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89583/introduction-to-symposium-governing-artificial-intelligence-power-justice-and-the-limits-of-the-law/">Introducing the Symposium on AI Governance: Power, Justice, and the Limits of the Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 18th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a 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clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>About the Author(s)</h3></div><div class="primary"><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/">Chris <span>O'Meara</span></a></h4><p>Dr. Chris O’Meara (<a href="https://x.com/ChrisOmeara_">@ChrisOmeara_</a>) is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Exeter.</p> </div><p class="clearfix"> <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org" class="button has-icon icon-fa"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Send A Letter To The Editor </a> </p></div></div><div class="post-bottom-row related-posts clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>Read these related stories next:</h3></div><div class="primary archive-wrap"><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105019/trump-ukraine-policy-peace-talks/" class="thumb" 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Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?