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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তানে নির্বাচন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তানে নির্বাচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_al_Kazakhstan" title="Eleccions al Kazakhstan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions al Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_v_Kazachst%C3%A1nu" title="Volby v Kazachstánu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KazakhBallotBox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/KazakhBallotBox.jpg/250px-KazakhBallotBox.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/KazakhBallotBox.jpg/330px-KazakhBallotBox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/KazakhBallotBox.jpg/500px-KazakhBallotBox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1167" /></a><figcaption>Ballot boxes, Kazakh flag and state seal in an Astana polling place before the 2007 legislative elections.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elections in Kazakhstan</b> are held on a national level to elect a <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">the Parliament</a>, which is divided into two bodies, the <a href="/wiki/Mazhilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhilis">Majilis</a> (Lower House) and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Senate</a> (Upper House). Local elections for maslihats (local representative bodies) are held every five years.<sup id="cite_ref-legison_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legison-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elections are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_(Kazakhstan)" title="Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)">Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan</a>. </p><p>There are 7 legal <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">political parties in Kazakhstan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazakhstan’s political opposition is the most developed in the region in terms of its organizational abilities and resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Demokratizatsiya_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demokratizatsiya-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (March 2016)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>None of the elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western countries or international observers<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with issues noted including <a href="/wiki/Ballot_tampering" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot tampering">ballot tampering</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_94_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rico_Isaacs_94-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ballot_stuffing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot stuffing">multiple voting</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_94_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rico_Isaacs_94-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">repression</a> of opposition candidates<sup id="cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_89_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rico_Isaacs_89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Press_censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Press censorship">press censorship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, robust reforms have been implemented since 2019 and the OSCE ODI stated in its post-2021 parliamentary election report that "candidates were able to campaign freely."<sup id="cite_ref-odihr-2021-report_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odihr-2021-report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights has deployed election monitors to Kazakhstan at the invitation of the government for observation of parliamentary and presidential elections since 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-osce1999_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osce1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_procedures_and_technology">Election procedures and technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Election procedures and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KazakhVotingBooth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/KazakhVotingBooth.jpg/250px-KazakhVotingBooth.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/KazakhVotingBooth.jpg/330px-KazakhVotingBooth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/KazakhVotingBooth.jpg/500px-KazakhVotingBooth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Voting_booth" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting booth">Voting booths</a>, each with an AIS "Sailau" touch-screen electronic <a href="/wiki/Voting_machine" title="Voting machine">voting machine</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the 2012 parliamentary elections, many Kazakh voters were offered a choice of voting on electronic voting machines or on paper ballots. At least some of the <a href="/wiki/Ballot_box" title="Ballot box">ballot boxes</a> used in Kazakhstan are transparent in order to defend against ballot box stuffing. Each polling place was equipped with both a large ballot box and smaller mobile ballot boxes. The latter are designed to be carried, by poll-workers, to voters outside the polling place.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is an alternative to offering <a href="/wiki/Absentee_ballot" title="Absentee ballot">absentee ballots</a> or <a href="/wiki/Proxy_voting" title="Proxy voting">proxy voting</a> for voters with disabilities that prevent them from going to the polls. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">Electronic voting</a> in Kazakhstan is based on the AIS "Sailau" electronic voting system developed in Belarus and Kazakhstan. This system is best described as an indirect-recording electronic voting system, as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/DRE_voting_machine" title="DRE voting machine">DRE voting machines</a> that have been more widely studied.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this system, the touch-screen voting terminal in the voting booth serves as a ballot marking device, recording selections on a <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a>. The voting terminal itself retains no record of the vote after the voter takes the smart card. The voter then takes the smart card containing the cast ballot record to the computer at the registration table that serves as the electronic ballot box where the permanent record of the vote is retained and tabulated. </p><p>On November 16, 2011, Kuandyk Turgankulov, head of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_(Kazakhstan)" title="Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)">Central Election Commission</a>, said that the Sailau system would be discontinued because the voters prefer paper ballots, the political parties do not trust it, and the country lacks the funds required to update the system.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_financing">Election financing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Candidates for elected office in Kazakhstan can receive state financial support to cover campaign costs.<sup id="cite_ref-elections1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elections1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Senate elections, each candidate receives about $2,170. </p><p>In Senate races, the state budget pays for each candidate’s 15-minute TV address (115 thousand tenge, approx. $303), 10 minutes on the radio (60 thousand tenge, approx. $158), 2 articles in the media (105 thousand tenge, approx. $276), hall rent for meeting with the voters (20 thousand tenge, approx. $53), publication of printed campaign materials (25 thousand tenge, approx. $66) and traveling (for Oblasts - 70 thousand tenge, approx. $184; for Astana and Almaty cities - 35 thousand tenge, approx. $92). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observation">Observation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Observation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been several international election observation missions organised in Kazakhstan. The <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> has observed the elections. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Elections </th> <th>date </th> <th>observing organisation </th> <th>head of mission </th></tr> <tr> <td>early <a href="/wiki/Mazhilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhilis">Majilis</a> </td> <td>March 20, 2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Frlec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Frlec (page does not exist)">Boris Frlec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>early <a href="/wiki/Mazhilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhilis">Majilis</a> </td> <td>March 20, 2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Executive_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive committee">executive committee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lebedev_(politician)" title="Sergey Lebedev (politician)">Sergey Lebedev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2015_Kazakhstani_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Kazakhstani presidential election">early presidential</a> </td> <td>April 26, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelia_Jonker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelia Jonker (page does not exist)">Cornelia Jonker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>early <a href="/wiki/Mazhilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazhilis">Majilis</a> </td> <td>January 15, 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a><sup id="cite_ref-osce.org_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osce.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Haraszti" title="Miklós Haraszti">Miklós Haraszti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>early <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">senate</a> </td> <td>January 15, 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a>/<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a><sup id="cite_ref-osce.org_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osce.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Haraszti" title="Miklós Haraszti">Miklós Haraszti</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazakhstan's <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> is elected by the people and serves a single seven-year term. </p><p>Term limits were removed for the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> on 18 May 2007, when parliament also voted to reduce the term length from seven to five years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early presidential elections were called by President Nazarbayev and were held on April 26, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-2015prezelection_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015prezelection-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Barack Obama sent a letter to President Nazarbayev congratulating him on his reelection in the April 26 election.<sup id="cite_ref-obamacongrats_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obamacongrats-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After President Nazarbayev' resignation in March 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> snap presidential elections were held on June 9, 2019 with former Senate Chair <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a> emerging as the winner.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2022, the parliament approved changing the term length from five to seven years while lowering the amount of terms to one.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, early presidential elections were called for <a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2022 Kazakh presidential election">20 November 2022</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_Presidential_election">2022 Presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2022 Presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2022 Kazakh presidential election">2022 Kazakh presidential election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00A6BE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Coalition_(Kazakhstan)" title="People's Coalition (Kazakhstan)">People's Coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind</a>.)</td><td style="text-align:right">6,456,392</td><td style="text-align:right">81.31</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0A5B2D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jiguli_Dairabaev" title="Jiguli Dairabaev">Jiguli Dairabaev</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Auyl_People%27s_Democratic_Patriotic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party">Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind</a>.)</td><td style="text-align:right">271,641</td><td style="text-align:right">3.42</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DF1F26"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Qaraqat_%C3%84bden" title="Qaraqat Äbden">Qaraqat Äbden</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Professional_Social_Workers" title="National Alliance of Professional Social Workers">National Alliance of Professional Social Workers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amanat_(political_party)" title="Amanat (political party)">Amanat</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right">206,206</td><td style="text-align:right">2.60</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7D5D9C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Meiram_Qajyken" title="Meiram Qajyken">Meiram Qajyken</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/%22Amanat%22_Commonwealth_of_Trade_Unions" title=""Amanat" Commonwealth of Trade Unions">"Amanat" Commonwealth of Trade Unions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind</a>.)</td><td style="text-align:right">200,907</td><td style="text-align:right">2.53</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0045AF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nurlan_%C3%84uesbaev" title="Nurlan Äuesbaev">Nurlan Äuesbaev</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Nationwide Social Democratic Party">Nationwide Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">176,116</td><td style="text-align:right">2.22</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F89B4D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Saltanat_Tursynbekova" title="Saltanat Tursynbekova">Saltanat Tursynbekova</a></td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qazaq_analary_%E2%80%93_d%C3%A4st%C3%BCrge_jol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qazaq analary – dästürge jol (page does not exist)">Qazaq analary – dästürge jol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amanat_(political_party)" title="Amanat (political party)">Amanat</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right">168,731</td><td style="text-align:right">2.12</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Against all</td><td style="text-align:right">460,484</td><td style="text-align:right">5.80</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">7,940,477</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>7,940,477</td><td>95.67</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>359,569</td><td>4.33</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>8,300,046</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>11,953,465</td><td>69.44</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/news/releases/index.php?ID=8014">CEC</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_elections">Parliamentary elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parliamentary elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">the Parliament</a> (<i>Parlamenti</i>), has two <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">chambers</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Majilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Majilis">Assembly</a> (<i>Mazhilis</i>) has 98 members elected for a five-year term, in general elections, in the following way: 70% (69 deputies) from <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed list</a> <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a> allocated using the <a href="/wiki/Largest_remainder_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest remainder method">largest remainder method</a> and 30% (29 deputies) from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> that use the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> (FPTP) method. There is a 5% electoral threshold. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Senate</a> has 50 members, 40 of whom are elected to six-year terms by delegates from the 17 provinces and three national cities, half of whom are elected every three years, and 10 are appointed by the President of Kazakhstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_Legislative_election">2023 Legislative election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2023 Legislative election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2023 Kazakh legislative election">2023 Kazakh legislative election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="10" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg/360px-Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg/540px-Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg/720px-Kazakhstan_M%C3%A4jilis_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col" colspan="3">Party-list</th><th scope="col" colspan="3">Constituency</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Total<br />seats</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">+/–</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Seats</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Votes</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">%</th><th scope="col" rowspan="1">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3AB4AD"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Amanat_(political_party)" title="Amanat (political party)">Amanat</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,431,510</td><td style="text-align:right">53.90</td><td style="text-align:right">40</td><td style="text-align:right">2,886,468</td><td style="text-align:right">45.67</td><td style="text-align:right">22</td><td style="text-align:right">62</td><td style="text-align:right">–14</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0A5B2D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Auyl_People%27s_Democratic_Patriotic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party">Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">693,938</td><td style="text-align:right">10.90</td><td style="text-align:right">8</td><td style="text-align:right">79,045</td><td style="text-align:right">1.25</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">8</td><td style="text-align:right">+8</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#4A78EC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Respublica_(Kazakh_political_party)" title="Respublica (Kazakh political party)">Respublica</a></td><td style="text-align:right">547,154</td><td style="text-align:right">8.59</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">9,497</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#043381"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Aq_Jol" title="Aq Jol">Aq Jol</a></td><td style="text-align:right">535,139</td><td style="text-align:right">8.41</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">121,069</td><td style="text-align:right">1.92</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">–6</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EE0D38"></td><td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Kazakhstan" title="People's Party of Kazakhstan">People's Party of Kazakhstan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">432,920</td><td style="text-align:right">6.80</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">87,803</td><td style="text-align:right">1.39</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">–5</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0045AF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Nationwide Social Democratic Party">Nationwide Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">331,058</td><td style="text-align:right">5.20</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">31,702</td><td style="text-align:right">0.50</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#446F3C"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Baytaq" title="Baytaq">Baytaq Green Party of Kazakhstan</a></td><td style="text-align:right">146,431</td><td style="text-align:right">2.30</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">17,166</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E4181C"></td><td>Russian Community of Kazakhstan</td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">7,957</td><td style="text-align:right">0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFD700"></td><td>Veterans of the GSFG and Group of Warsaw Pact Forces</td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">5,043</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00397B"></td><td>Astana City Veterans of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">3,585</td><td style="text-align:right">0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#224365"></td><td>Federation of Kazakhstani Motorists</td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">1,569</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td colspan="3"></td><td style="text-align:right">2,820,810</td><td style="text-align:right">44.63</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/None_of_the_above" title="None of the above">Against all</a></td><td style="text-align:right">248,291</td><td style="text-align:right">3.90</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">248,283</td><td style="text-align:right">3.93</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">6,366,441</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">69</td><td style="text-align:right">6,319,997</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">29</td><td style="text-align:right">98</td><td style="text-align:right">98</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="10" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>6,366,441</td><td>97.58</td><td></td><td>6,319,997</td><td>99.06</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>158,046</td><td>2.42</td><td></td><td>60,227</td><td>0.94</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>6,524,487</td><td>100.00</td><td></td><td>6,380,224</td><td>100.00</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>12,035,578</td><td>54.21</td><td></td><td>12,023,562</td><td>53.06</td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="10" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.election.gov.kz/kaz/news/releases/index.php?ID=8923">CEC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.election.gov.kz/rus/news/releases/index.php?ID=8909">CEC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nomad.su/?a=3-202302100036">Nomad.su</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_elections">Municipal elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Municipal elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citizens for the first time voted to elect local officials on July 25, 2021. Officials were previously appointed to their positions.<sup id="cite_ref-25julyelections_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25julyelections-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Kazakh_municipal_elections" title="2021 Kazakh municipal elections">2021 Kazakh municipal elections</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_criticisms">International criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2015, none of the elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western countries or international observers.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1999 Presidential election attracted criticism from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) who considered that harassment and intimidation of opposition candidates and supporters and the disqualification of an opponent of Nazarbayev<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had made a meaningful election impossible. The OSCE criticised the 2011 presidential election, citing a lack of press freedom, transparency and competition.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 2005 election, they noted a number of issues, including ballot tampering, multiple voting, intimidation and harassment of opposition candidates and their supporters, media bias and official restrictions on free expression.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral calendar">Electoral calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-legison-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-legison_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislationline.org/?tid=1&jid=28&less=false">Kazakhstan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174127/http://www.legislationline.org/?tid=1&jid=28&less=false">Archived</a> 2008-06-19 at the 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanforum.net/country/kazakhstan#elections">the original</a> on 20 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanforum.net%2Fcountry%2Fkazakhstan%23elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rico_Isaacs_94-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_94_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_94_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsaacs,_Rico2011" class="citation book cs1">Isaacs, Rico (21 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3KrAgAAQBAJ&q=kazakhstan%20elections%20multiple%20voting&pg=PA94"><i>Party System Formation in Kazakhstan</i></a>. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136791086" title="Special:BookSources/9781136791086"><bdi>9781136791086</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120201106/https://books.google.com/books?id=K3KrAgAAQBAJ&q=kazakhstan%20elections%20multiple%20voting&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+System+Formation+in+Kazakhstan&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.isbn=9781136791086&rft.au=Isaacs%2C+Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3KrAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkazakhstan%2520elections%2520multiple%2520voting%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rico_Isaacs_89-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rico_Isaacs_89_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsaacs,_Rico2011" class="citation book cs1">Isaacs, Rico (21 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3KrAgAAQBAJ&q=kazakhstan%20elections%20multiple%20voting&pg=PA94"><i>Party System Formation in Kazakhstan</i></a>. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136791086" title="Special:BookSources/9781136791086"><bdi>9781136791086</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120201106/https://books.google.com/books?id=K3KrAgAAQBAJ&q=kazakhstan%20elections%20multiple%20voting&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+System+Formation+in+Kazakhstan&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.isbn=9781136791086&rft.au=Isaacs%2C+Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3KrAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkazakhstan%2520elections%2520multiple%2520voting%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kazakhstan/Kaz1099b-04.htm">"VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020060905/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kazakhstan/Kaz1099b-04.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIOLATIONS+OF+THE+RIGHT+TO+FREEDOM+OF+EXPRESSION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F1999%2Fkazakhstan%2FKaz1099b-04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odihr-2021-report-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-odihr-2021-report_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/d/482292.pdf">"ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Final Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OSCE ODIHR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509153420/https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/d/482292.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ODIHR+Limited+Election+Observation+Mission+Final+Report&rft.pub=OSCE+ODIHR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2F9%2Fd%2F482292.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osce1999-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osce1999_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan">"Elections in Kazakhstan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Osce.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Osce.org">osce.org</a></i>. OSCE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110302200927/http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=Elections+in+Kazakhstan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2Felections%2Fkazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://election.kz/portal/page?_pageid=153,77166&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">Chapter 7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142256/http://election.kz/portal/page?_pageid=153,77166&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">Archived</a> 2011-07-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Article 41, Paragraph 6, of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://election.kz/portal/page?_pageid=153,75186&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">Kazakh Election Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722142310/http://election.kz/portal/page?_pageid=153,75186&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">Archived</a> 2011-07-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, as amended, June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_W._Jones" title="Douglas W. Jones">Douglas W. Jones</a>, The Sailau E-Voting System, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Books/2011/20111026_Direct_Democracy_Progress_and_Pitfalls_Election_Technology_Yard.pdf">Direct Democracy: Progress and Pitfalls of Election Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526074407/http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Books/2011/20111026_Direct_Democracy_Progress_and_Pitfalls_Election_Technology_Yard.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Michael Yard, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifes.org/">International Foundation for Electoral Systems</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100306010251/http://www.ifes.org/">Archived</a> 2010-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sept. 2010; pages 74-95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/5678/">Sailau e-system will not be used at Kazakhstan parliamentary elections in 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707185355/http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/5678/">Archived</a> 2012-07-07 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz">Tengri News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413214028/http://en.tengrinews.kz/">Archived</a> 2012-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Nov. 11, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elections1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elections1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/Senate-elections-in-Kazakhstan-to-be-held-soon-255208/">"Senate elections in Kazakhstan to be held soon"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Senate+elections+in+Kazakhstan+to+be+held+soon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Fpolitics_sub%2FSenate-elections-in-Kazakhstan-to-be-held-soon-255208%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan/222541">"Early Parliamentary Elections, 20 March 2016 - OSCE"</a>. <i>www.osce.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421162951/https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan/222541">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Early+Parliamentary+Elections%2C+20+March+2016+-+OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2Felections%2Fkazakhstan%2F222541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan/145006">"Early Presidential Election, 26 April 2015 - OSCE"</a>. <i>www.osce.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421162900/https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan/145006">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Early+Presidential+Election%2C+26+April+2015+-+OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2Felections%2Fkazakhstan%2F145006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osce.org-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-osce.org_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-osce.org_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/86313">"Observation of Early Parliamentary Elections in Kazakhstan, 15 January 2012: Information Sheet - Request for Short-Term Observers - OSCE"</a>. <i>www.osce.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031149/https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/86313">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osce.org&rft.atitle=Observation+of+Early+Parliamentary+Elections+in+Kazakhstan%2C+15+January+2012%3A+Information+Sheet+-+Request+for+Short-Term+Observers+-+OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr%2Felections%2F86313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6668229.stm">Kazakh MPs lift presidency limit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070530013931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6668229.stm">Archived</a> 2007-05-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2015prezelection-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2015prezelection_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-27/kazakhstan-president-wins-nursultan-nazarbayev-re-election-97pc/6425952">"Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbayev wins re-election with 97.7 per cent of vote"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan+president+Nursultan+Nazarbayev+wins+re-election+with+97.7+per+cent+of+vote&rft.date=2015-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-04-27%2Fkazakhstan-president-wins-nursultan-nazarbayev-re-election-97pc%2F6425952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obamacongrats-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obamacongrats_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanatimes.com/2015/04/obama-recommits-to-working-with-nazarbayev-in-new-term/">"Obama Recommits to Working with Nazarbayev in New Term"</a>. The Astana Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623125840/http://www.astanatimes.com/2015/04/obama-recommits-to-working-with-nazarbayev-in-new-term/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+Recommits+to+Working+with+Nazarbayev+in+New+Term&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astanatimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fobama-recommits-to-working-with-nazarbayev-in-new-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-president-idUSKCN1R01N1">"Kazakhstan's leader Nazarbayev resigns after three decades in power"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2019-03-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108014827/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kazakhstan-president-idUSKCN1R01N1">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan%27s+leader+Nazarbayev+resigns+after+three+decades+in+power&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-kazakhstan-president-idUSKCN1R01N1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190610-kazakhstan-presidential-election-tokayev-nazarbayev-protesters-arrested">"Nazarbayev protégé wins Kazakhstan elections marred by protests"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 2019-06-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922092114/https://www.france24.com/en/20190610-kazakhstan-presidential-election-tokayev-nazarbayev-protesters-arrested">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Nazarbayev+prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9+wins+Kazakhstan+elections+marred+by+protests&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190610-kazakhstan-presidential-election-tokayev-nazarbayev-protesters-arrested&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-presidential-term-astana-name-change/32038712.html">"Kazakh President Signs Legislation Changing Presidential Term, Name Of Capital"</a>. <i>RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007223444/https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-presidential-term-astana-name-change/32038712.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Kazakh+President+Signs+Legislation+Changing+Presidential+Term%2C+Name+Of+Capital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fkazakhstan-presidential-term-astana-name-change%2F32038712.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/21/kazakh-leader-tokayev-calls-snap-presidential-election">"Kazakh leader Tokayev calls snap presidential election"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921132339/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/21/kazakh-leader-tokayev-calls-snap-presidential-election">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Kazakh+leader+Tokayev+calls+snap+presidential+election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F9%2F21%2Fkazakh-leader-tokayev-calls-snap-presidential-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25julyelections-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25julyelections_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astanatimes.com/2021/07/voter-turnout-exceeds-65-percent-across-the-board-at-rural-elections-in-kazakhstan/">"Voter Turnout Exceeds 65 Percent Across the Board at Rural Elections in Kazakhstan"</a>. The Astana Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727003621/https://astanatimes.com/2021/07/voter-turnout-exceeds-65-percent-across-the-board-at-rural-elections-in-kazakhstan/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Voter+Turnout+Exceeds+65+Percent+Across+the+Board+at+Rural+Elections+in+Kazakhstan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastanatimes.com%2F2021%2F07%2Fvoter-turnout-exceeds-65-percent-across-the-board-at-rural-elections-in-kazakhstan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElections+in+Kazakhstan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/222405.stm">US criticises Kazakh Court decision</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307034950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/222405.stm">Archived</a> 2016-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 26 November 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12949853">Kazakhstan President Nazarbayev wins re-election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413170015/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12949853">Archived</a> 2019-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 4 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/05/1">Observers criticise Kazakh president's re-election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410220858/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/05/1">Archived</a> 2017-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, 5 December 2005</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061126152932/http://election.kz/pls/portal/url/page/election_eng">The Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/k/kazakhstan/">Kazakhstan Elections</a> Adam Carr's Election Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/kazakhstan">OSCE reports on Kazakhstani elections</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Kazakhstan" title="List of leaders of Kazakhstan">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="1991 Kazakh presidential election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="1999 Kazakh presidential election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2005 Kazakh presidential election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2011 Kazakh presidential election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2015 Kazakh presidential election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2019 Kazakh presidential election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_presidential_election" title="2022 Kazakh presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Majilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Majilis">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1975_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1975 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1980_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1980 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Kazakh_Supreme_Soviet_election" title="1990 Kazakh Supreme Soviet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="1994 Kazakh legislative election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="1995 Kazakh legislative election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="1999 Kazakh legislative election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2004 Kazakh legislative election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2007 Kazakh legislative election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2012 Kazakh legislative election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2016 Kazakh legislative election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2021 Kazakh legislative election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kazakh_legislative_election" title="2023 Kazakh legislative election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4slihat" title="Mäslihat">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Kazakh_local_elections" title="1994 Kazakh local elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Kazakh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Kazakh local elections (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_Kazakh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 Kazakh local elections (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Kazakh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Kazakh local elections (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Kazakh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Kazakh local elections (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Kazakh_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Kazakh local elections (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kazakh_local_elections" title="2021 Kazakh local elections">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kazakh_local_elections" title="2023 Kazakh local elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Municipal elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kazakh_municipal_elections" title="2021 Kazakh municipal elections">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_Union_referendum" title="1991 Soviet Union referendum">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Kazakh_presidential_term_referendum" title="1995 Kazakh presidential term referendum">1995 (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Kazakh_constitutional_referendum" title="1995 Kazakh constitutional referendum">1995 (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_constitutional_referendum" title="2022 Kazakh constitutional referendum">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kazakh_nuclear_power_referendum" title="2024 Kazakh nuclear power referendum">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Asia408" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Asia408" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elections in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Afghanistan" title="Elections in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Armenia" title="Elections in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bahrain" title="Elections in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cambodia" title="Elections in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Egypt" title="Elections in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iraq" title="Elections in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jordan" title="Elections in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kuwait" title="Elections in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Elections in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Laos" title="Elections in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon" title="Elections in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Maldives" title="Elections in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mongolia" title="Elections in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Myanmar" title="Elections in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nepal" title="Elections in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Elections in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Singapore" title="Elections in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Elections in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria" title="Elections in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tajikistan" title="Elections in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Thailand" title="Elections in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Timor-Leste" title="Elections in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkmenistan" title="Elections in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Uzbekistan" title="Elections in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yemen" title="Elections in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia" title="Elections in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Elections in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Ossetia" title="Elections in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elections in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Macau" title="Elections in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Europe119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Europe" title="Template:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Europe119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Elections in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Andorra" title="Elections in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Armenia" title="Elections in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Austria" title="Elections in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Azerbaijan" title="Elections in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belarus" title="Elections in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belgium" title="Elections in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bulgaria" title="Elections in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cyprus" title="Elections in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Elections in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Elections in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hungary" title="Elections in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iceland" title="Elections in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Latvia" title="Elections in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Liechtenstein" title="Elections in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lithuania" title="Elections in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Luxembourg" title="Elections in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malta" title="Elections in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Moldova" title="Elections in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Monaco" title="Elections in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montenegro" title="Elections in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Macedonia" title="Elections in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway" title="Elections in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Portugal" title="Elections in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_San_Marino" title="Elections in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Serbia" title="Elections in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovenia" title="Elections in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia" title="Elections in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kosovo" title="Elections in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Elections in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Ossetia" title="Elections in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_%C3%85land" title="Elections in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Elections in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guernsey" title="Elections in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Elections in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kazakhstan_articles564" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kazakhstan_topics" title="Template:Kazakhstan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kazakhstan_topics" title="Template talk:Kazakhstan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kazakhstan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kazakhstan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kazakhstan_articles564" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kazakhstan-related_articles" title="Index of Kazakhstan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangju" title="Kangju">Kangju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangar_union" title="Kangar union">Kangar union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimek_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimek Khanate">Kimek Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgu State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kirghiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kirghiz">Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_of_the_Golden_Horde" title="Wings of the Golden Horde">White Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Khanate" title="Uzbek Khanate">Uzbek Khanate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Since 1465</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Khanate" title="Kazakh Khanate">Kazakh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakh_khans" title="List of Kazakh khans">List of Kazakh khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz">Jüz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Alash Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh ASSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan#Republic_of_Kazakhstan_(1991–present)" title="History of Kazakhstan">Republic of Kazakhstan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kazakhstan" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Kazakhstan">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktogay_Canyon" title="Aktogay Canyon">Aktogay Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altay (Altai) Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Karakum_Desert" title="Aral Karakum Desert">Aral Karakum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template:Borders of Kazakhstan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Tengri" title="Khan Tengri">Khan Tangiri Shyngy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzylkum_Desert" title="Kyzylkum Desert">Kyzylkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Balkhash" title="Lake Balkhash">Lake Balkhash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharyn_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharyn Canyon">Sharyn Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tien (Tian) Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural River">Ural River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetisu" title="Jetisu">Zhetysu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Kazakhstan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of cities in Kazakhstan">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kazakhstan" title="Districts of Kazakhstan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Politics of Kazakhstan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kazakhstan" title="Constitution of Kazakhstan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kazakhstan" title="Foreign relations of Kazakhstan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kazakhstan" title="Human rights in Kazakhstan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of speech in Kazakhstan">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kazakhstan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Law enforcement in Kazakhstan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Kazakhstan" title="Parliament of Kazakhstan">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of political parties in Kazakhstan">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan" title="Economy of Kazakhstan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kazakhstan" title="Agriculture in Kazakhstan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Kazakhstan">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Bank of Kazakhstan">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Stock_Exchange" title="Kazakhstan Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Kazakhstan" title="Science and technology in Kazakhstan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Tenge <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kazakhstan" title="Transport in Kazakhstan">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Kazakhstan" title="Waste management in Kazakhstan">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kazakhstan" title="Culture of Kazakhstan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meni%C3%B1_Qazaqstan%C4%B1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Meniñ Qazaqstanım">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Central_Asia" title="Architecture of Central Asia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_clothing" title="Kazakh clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan" title="Emblem of Kazakhstan">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_wine" title="Kazakh wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Kazakhstan" title="Internet in Kazakhstan">Kaznet <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Internet)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakhs" title="List of Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kazakhstan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kazakhstan" title="Sport in Kazakhstan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Kazakhstan" title="Squatting in Kazakhstan">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kazakhstan" title="Television in Kazakhstan">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_wedding_ceremony" title="Kazakh wedding ceremony">Wedding ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_in_Kazakh_tribes" title="Y-DNA haplogroups in Kazakh tribes">Y-DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh tribes">Kazakh tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Health in Kazakhstan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Kazakhstan" title="Women in Kazakhstan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Kazakhstan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kazakhstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_people" title="Dungan people">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Kazakhstan" title="Germans of Kazakhstan">Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Kazakhstan" title="Greeks in Kazakhstan">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Kazakhstan">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Kazakhstan" title="Poles in Kazakhstan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Russians in Kazakhstan">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Kazakhstan" title="Tatars of Kazakhstan">Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kazakhstan" title="Turks in Kazakhstan">Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ukrainians in Kazakhstan">Ukrainians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Kazakhstan" title="Uyghurs in Kazakhstan">Uyghurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kazakhstan" title="Outline of Kazakhstan">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kazakhstan-related_articles" title="Index of Kazakhstan-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kazakhstan" title="Category:Kazakhstan">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&oldid=1228372868">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Kazakhstan&oldid=1228372868</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Elections in Kazakhstan">Elections in Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a 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