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electronic toll collection system</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: the electronic toll collection system"> <meta name="keywords" content="the electronic toll collection system"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="the electronic toll collection system"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21092</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: the electronic toll collection system</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21092</span> Evaluation of Impact on Traffic Conditions Due to Electronic Toll Collection System Design in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kankrong%20Suangka">Kankrong Suangka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research explored behaviors of toll way users that impact their decision to use the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC). It also went on to explore and evaluated the efficiency of toll plaza in terms of number of ETC booths in toll plaza and its lane location. The two main parameters selected for the scenarios analyzed were (1) the varying ration of ETC enabled users (2) the varying locations of the dedicated ETC lane. There were a total of 42 scenarios analyzed. Researched data indicated that in A.D.2013, the percentage of ETC user from the total toll user is 22%. It was found that the delay at the payment booth was reduced by increasing the ETC booth by 1 more lane under the condition that the volume of ETC users passing through the plaza less than 1,200 vehicles/hour. Meanwhile, increasing the ETC lanes by 2 lanes can accommodate an increased traffic volume to around 1,200 to 1,800 vehicles/hour. Other than that, in terms of the location of ETC lane, it was found that if for one ETC lane-plazas, installing the ETC lane at the far right are the best alternative. For toll plazas with 2 ETC lanes, the best layout is to have 1 lane in the middle and 1 lane at the far right. This layout shows the least delay when compared to other layouts. Furthermore, the results from this research showed that micro-simulator traffic models have potential for further applications and use in designing toll plaza lanes. Other than that, the results can also be used to analyze the system of the nearby area with similar traffic volume and can be used for further design improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20electronic%20toll%20collection%20system" title="the electronic toll collection system">the electronic toll collection system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20queuing%20delay" title=" average queuing delay"> average queuing delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20plaza%20configuration" title=" toll plaza configuration"> toll plaza configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicine" title=" biomedicine"> biomedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11127/evaluation-of-impact-on-traffic-conditions-due-to-electronic-toll-collection-system-design-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21091</span> Evaluation of the Efficiency of Intelligent Systems in Traffic Congestion Pricing Schemes in Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Sayyad%20Hagh%20Shomar">Saeed Sayyad Hagh Shomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion pricing as one of the demand management strategies constrains expenditure to network users so that it helps reduction in traffic congestion and environment pollution like air pollution. Despite the development of congestion pricing schemes for traffic in our country, the matters of traditional toll collection, drivers’ waste of time and delay in traffic are still widespread. Electronic toll collection as a part of the intelligent transportation system provides the possibility of collecting tolls without car-stop and traffic disruption. Unlike the satisfying outcomes of using intelligent systems in congestion pricing schemes, implementation costs and technological problems are the barriers in these schemes. In this research first, a variety of electronic pay toll systems and their components are introduced then their functional usage is discussed. In the following, by analyzing and comparing the barriers, limitations and advantages, the selection criteria of intelligent systems are described and the results show that the choice of the best technology depends on the various parameters which, by examining them, it is concluded that in a long-term run and by providing the necessary conditions, DSRC technology as the main system in the schemes and ANPR as a major backup system of the main one can be employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20pricing" title="congestion pricing">congestion pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20toll%20collection" title=" electronic toll collection"> electronic toll collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20systems" title=" intelligent systems"> intelligent systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93394/evaluation-of-the-efficiency-of-intelligent-systems-in-traffic-congestion-pricing-schemes-in-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21090</span> Design of Regular Communication Area for Infrared Electronic-Toll-Collection Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wern-Yarng%20Shieh">Wern-Yarng Shieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Qian"> Chao Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingnan%20Pei"> Bingnan Pei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A design of communication area for infrared electronic-toll-collection systems to provide an extended communication interval in the vehicle traveling direction and regular boundary between contiguous traffic lanes is proposed. By utilizing two typical low-cost commercial infrared LEDs with different half-intensity angles Φ1/2 = 22° and 10°, the radiation pattern of the emitter is designed to properly adjust the spatial distribution of the signal power. The aforementioned purpose can be achieved with an LED array in a three-piece structure with appropriate mounting angles. With this emitter, the influence of the mounting parameters, including the mounting height and mounting angles of the on-board unit and road-side unit, on the system performance in terms of the received signal strength and communication area are investigated. The results reveal that, for our emitter proposed in this paper, the ideal "long-and-narrow" characteristic of the communication area is very little affected by these mounting parameters. An optimum mounting configuration is also suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dedicated%20short-range%20communication%20%28DSRC%29" title="dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)">dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20toll%20collection%20%28ETC%29" title=" electronic toll collection (ETC)"> electronic toll collection (ETC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20communication" title=" infrared communication"> infrared communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20system%20%28ITS%29" title=" intelligent transportation system (ITS)"> intelligent transportation system (ITS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilane%20free%20flow" title=" multilane free flow "> multilane free flow </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8678/design-of-regular-communication-area-for-infrared-electronic-toll-collection-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21089</span> Analysis of Waiting Time and Drivers Fatigue at Manual Toll Plaza and Suggestion of an Automated Toll Tax Collection System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dawood%20Idrees">Muhammad Dawood Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Hafeez"> Maria Hafeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arsalan%20Ansari"> Arsalan Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toll tax collection is the earliest method of tax collection and revenue generation. This revenue is utilized for the development of roads networks, maintenance, and connecting to roads and highways across the country. Pakistan is one of the biggest countries, covers a wide area of land, roads networks, and motorways are important source of connecting cities. Every day millions of people use motorways, and they have to stop at toll plazas to pay toll tax as majority of toll plazas are manually collecting toll tax. The purpose of this study is to calculate the waiting time of vehicles at Karachi Hyderabad (M-9) motorway. As Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan and hundreds of thousands of people use this route to approach other cities. Currently, toll tax collection is manual system which is a major cause for long time waiting at toll plaza. This study calculates the waiting time of vehicles, fuel consumed in waiting time, manpower employed at toll plaza as all process is manual, and it also leads to mental and physical fatigue of driver. All wastages of sources are also calculated, and a most feasible automatic toll tax collection system is proposed which is not only beneficial to reduce waiting time but also beneficial in reduction of fuel, reduction of manpower employed, and reduction in physical and mental fatigue. A cost comparison in terms of wastages is also shown between manual and automatic toll tax collection system (E-Z Pass). Results of this study reveal that, if automatic tool collection system is implemented at Karachi to Hyderabad motorway (M-9), there will be a significance reduction in waiting time of vehicles, which leads to reduction of fuel consumption, environmental pollution, mental and physical fatigue of driver. All these reductions are also calculated in terms of money (Pakistani rupees) and it is obtained that millions of rupees can be saved by using automatic tool collection system which will lead to improve the economy of country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20tax%20collection" title="toll tax collection">toll tax collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waiting%20time" title=" waiting time"> waiting time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastages" title=" wastages"> wastages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driver%20fatigue" title=" driver fatigue"> driver fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100627/analysis-of-waiting-time-and-drivers-fatigue-at-manual-toll-plaza-and-suggestion-of-an-automated-toll-tax-collection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21088</span> Providing a Road Pricing and Toll Allocation Method for Toll Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei">Ali Babaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a worldwide growing tendency toward construction of infrastructures with the possibility of private sector participation instead of free exploitation of public infrastructures. The construction and development of roads through private sector participation is performed by different countries because of appropriate results and benefits such as compensation of public budget deficit in road construction and maintenance and responding to traffic growth (demand). Toll is the most definite form of budget provision in road development. There are two issues in the toll rate assignment: A. costing of transport, B. Cost allocation and distribution of cost between different types of vehicles as each vehicle pay its own share. There can be different goals in toll collection and its extent is variable according to the strategy of toll collection. Costing principles in different countries are based on inclusion of the whole transport and not peculiar to the toll roads. For example, fuel tax policy functions where the road network users pay transportation cost (not just users of toll road). Whereas transportation infrastructures in Iran are free, these methods are not applicable. In Iran, different toll freeways have built by public investment and government provides participation in the road construction through encouragement of financial institutions. In this paper, the existing policies about the toll roads are studied and then the appropriate method of costing and cost allocation to different vehicles is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20allocation" title="toll allocation">toll allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pricing" title=" road pricing"> road pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20and%20industrial%20systems" title=" financial and industrial systems"> financial and industrial systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827/providing-a-road-pricing-and-toll-allocation-method-for-toll-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21087</span> Exploring Influence Range of Tainan City Using Electronic Toll Collection Big Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Chou">Chen Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-Tyan%20Lin"> Feng-Tyan Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Big Data has been attracted a lot of attentions in many fields for analyzing research issues based on a large number of maternal data. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is one of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications in Taiwan, used to record starting point, end point, distance and travel time of vehicle on the national freeway. This study, taking advantage of ETC big data, combined with urban planning theory, attempts to explore various phenomena of inter-city transportation activities. ETC, one of government's open data, is numerous, complete and quick-update. One may recall that living area has been delimited with location, population, area and subjective consciousness. However, these factors cannot appropriately reflect what people’s movement path is in daily life. In this study, the concept of "Living Area" is replaced by "Influence Range" to show dynamic and variation with time and purposes of activities. This study uses data mining with Python and Excel, and visualizes the number of trips with GIS to explore influence range of Tainan city and the purpose of trips, and discuss living area delimited in current. It dialogues between the concepts of "Central Place Theory" and "Living Area", presents the new point of view, integrates the application of big data, urban planning and transportation. The finding will be valuable for resource allocation and land apportionment of spatial planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Big%20Data" title="Big Data">Big Data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence%20range" title=" influence range"> influence range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20area" title=" living area"> living area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20place%20theory" title=" central place theory"> central place theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70027/exploring-influence-range-of-tainan-city-using-electronic-toll-collection-big-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21086</span> Resilient Security System with Toll Free Call Services: Case Study of Adama City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanko%20Chura%20Aredo">Shanko Chura Aredo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hailu%20Jeldie%20Wodajo"> Hailu Jeldie Wodajo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muktar%20Jeylan"> Muktar Jeylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kedir%20Ilka"> Kedir Ilka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulnasir%20Husein"> Abdulnasir Husein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toll-free numbers are calling numbers that have unique three or four digit numbers and that don’t require payment from phone lines in order to be called. With the help of these numbers, callers can connect with nearby organizations and/or people without incurring far-reaching fees. Calls to assistance centers are especially popular from toll-free phones. In the past, toll-free services have offered prospective clients and other parties a simple and cost-free means of getting in touch with enterprises. Nevertheless, unless they have an ”unlimited calling” plan, wireless subscribers will be billed for the airtime minutes used during a toll-free call. In Adama, the second largest city in Ethiopia, a call center has been installed as part of smart security system and serving since January 2023 for collection of complaints from different community levels. The call center is situated at the mayor office and has 11 active workers, 4 of these working the night time and the remaining during day time. The information reported in the form of complaints from individuals and groups are illegal constructions, illegal trade, income concealment or hiding, giving and receiving bribe, informing new faces of suspected enemies and exposing individual or group conflicts. This technology has been found to bring a significant outcome in minimizing illegal acts, public safety threats and service delivery problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart" title="smart">smart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=call%20center" title=" call center"> call center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181469/resilient-security-system-with-toll-free-call-services-case-study-of-adama-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21085</span> Energy Efficiency Factors in Toll Plazas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Balubaid">S. Balubaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Abd%20Majid"> M. Z. Abd Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Zakaria"> R. Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency is one of the most important issues for green buildings and their sustainability. This is not only due to the environmental impacts, but also because of significantly high energy cost. The aim of this study is to identify the potential actions required for toll plaza that lead to energy reduction. The data were obtained through set of questionnaire and interviewing targeted respondents, including the employees at toll plaza, and architects and engineers who are directly involved in design of highway projects. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis method. The findings of this study are the critical elements that influence the energy usage and factors that lead to energy wastage. Finally, potential actions are recommended to reduce energy consumption in toll plazas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20plaza" title=" toll plaza"> toll plaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14229/energy-efficiency-factors-in-toll-plazas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21084</span> Utilising an Online Data Collection Platform for the Development of a Community Engagement Database: A Case Study on Building Inter-Institutional Partnerships at UWC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Daniels">P. Daniels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Adonis"> T. Adonis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20September-Brown"> P. September-Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Comalie"> R. Comalie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The community engagement unit at the University of the Western Cape was tasked with establishing a community engagement database. The database would store information of all community engagement projects related to the university. The wealth of knowledge obtained from the various disciplines would be used to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration within the university, as well as facilitating community university partnership opportunities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore electronic data collection through the development of a database. Two types of electronic data collection platforms were used, namely online questionnaire and email. The semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to community engagement projects from different faculties and departments at the university. There are many benefits for using an electronic data collection platform, such as reduction of costs and time, ease in reaching large numbers of potential respondents, and the possibility of providing anonymity to participants. Despite all the advantages of using the electronic platform, there were as many challenges, as depicted in our findings. The findings suggest that certain barriers existed by using an electronic platform for data collection, even though it was in an academic environment, where knowledge and resources were in abundance. One of the challenges experienced in this process was the lack of dissemination of information via email to staff within faculties. The actual online software used for the questionnaire had its own limitations, such as only being able to access the questionnaire from the same electronic device. In a few cases, academics only completed the questionnaire after a telephonic prompt or face to face meeting about "Is higher education in South Africa ready to embrace electronic platform in data collection?" <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20engagement" title="community engagement">community engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20collection" title=" data collection"> data collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20platform" title=" electronic platform"> electronic platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20tools" title=" electronic tools"> electronic tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20sharing" title=" knowledge sharing"> knowledge sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37745/utilising-an-online-data-collection-platform-for-the-development-of-a-community-engagement-database-a-case-study-on-building-inter-institutional-partnerships-at-uwc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21083</span> Assessment of Pollutant Concentrations and Respiratory Tract Depositions of PM from Traffic Emissions: A Case Study of a Highway Toll Plaza in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazneen">Nazneen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditya%20Kumar%20Patra"> Aditya Kumar Patra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the personal exposures of toll plaza workers on a busy national highway in India during the winter season to PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, BC (black carbon), and UFP (ultrafine particles). The results showed that toll workers inside the toll collection booths (ITC) were exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants than those working outside the booths (OTC), except for UFP. Specifically, the concentrations of PM₂.₅ were 20₄.₇ µg m⁻³ (ITC) and 100.4 µg m⁻³ (OTC), while PM₁₀ concentrations were 326.1 µg m⁻³ (ITC) and 24₄.₇ µg m⁻³ (OTC), and BC concentrations were 30.7 µg m⁻³ (ITC) and 17.2 µg m⁻³ (OTC). In contrast, UFP concentrations were higher at OTC (11312.8 pt cm⁻³) than at IOC (7431.6 pt cm⁻³). The diurnal variation of pollutants showed higher concentrations in the evening due to increased traffic and less atmospheric dispersion. The respiratory deposition dose (RDD) of pollutants was higher inside the toll booths, especially during the evening. The study also revealed that PM particles consisted of soot, mineral and fly ash, which are proxies of fresh exhaust emissions, re-suspended road dust, and industrial emissions, respectively. The presence of Si, Al, Ca and Pb, as confirmed by EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis) analyses, indicated the sources of pollutants to be re-suspended road dust, brake/tire wear, and construction dust. The findings emphasize the need for policies to regulate air pollutant concentrations, particularly in workplaces situated near busy roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%E2%82%82.%E2%82%85" title=" PM₂.₅"> PM₂.₅</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20carbon" title=" black carbon"> black carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20emissions" title=" traffic emissions"> traffic emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166552/assessment-of-pollutant-concentrations-and-respiratory-tract-depositions-of-pm-from-traffic-emissions-a-case-study-of-a-highway-toll-plaza-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21082</span> Performance Comparison of a Low Cost Air Quality Sensor with a Commercial Electronic Nose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9Cnal%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l">Ünal Kızıl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Gen%C3%A7"> Levent Genç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefa%20Aksu"> Sefa Aksu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Tap%C4%B1n%C3%A7"> Ahmet Tapınç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Figaro AM-1 sensor module which employs TGS 2600 model gas sensor in air quality assessment was used. The system was coupled with a microprocessor that enables sensor module to create warning message via telephone. This low cot sensor system’s performance was compared with a Diagnose II commercial electronic nose system. Both air quality sensor and electronic nose system employ metal oxide chemical gas sensors. In the study experimental setup, data acquisition methods for electronic nose system, and performance of the low cost air quality system were evaluated and explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20nose" title=" electronic nose"> electronic nose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20quality" title=" environmental quality"> environmental quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor" title=" gas sensor"> gas sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944/performance-comparison-of-a-low-cost-air-quality-sensor-with-a-commercial-electronic-nose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21081</span> Microscopic Simulation of Toll Plaza Safety and Operations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bekir%20O.%20Bartin">Bekir O. Bartin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaan%20Ozbay"> Kaan Ozbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Mudigonda"> Sandeep Mudigonda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Yang"> Hong Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of microscopic traffic simulation in evaluating the operational and safety conditions at toll plazas is demonstrated. Two toll plazas in New Jersey are selected as case studies and were developed and validated in Paramics traffic simulation software. In order to simulate drivers’ lane selection behavior in Paramics, a utility-based lane selection approach is implemented in Paramics Application Programming Interface (API). For each vehicle approaching the toll plaza, a utility value is assigned to each toll lane by taking into account the factors that are likely to impact drivers’ lane selection behavior, such as approach lane, exit lane and queue lengths. The results demonstrate that similar operational conditions, such as lane-by-lane toll plaza traffic volume can be attained using this approach. In addition, assessment of safety at toll plazas is conducted via a surrogate safety measure. In particular, the crash index (CI), an improved surrogate measure of time-to-collision (TTC), which reflects the severity of a crash is used in the simulation analyses. The results indicate that the spatial and temporal frequency of observed crashes can be simulated using the proposed methodology. Further analyses can be conducted to evaluate and compare various different operational decisions and safety measures using microscopic simulation models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopic%20simulation" title="microscopic simulation">microscopic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20plaza" title=" toll plaza"> toll plaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surrogate%20safety" title=" surrogate safety"> surrogate safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20programming%20interface" title=" application programming interface"> application programming interface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95990/microscopic-simulation-of-toll-plaza-safety-and-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21080</span> Competition Between the Effects of Pesticides and Immune-activation on the Expression of Toll Pathway Genes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dani%20Sukkar">Dani Sukkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kanso"> Ali Kanso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Laval-Gilly"> Philippe Laval-Gilly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jairo%20Falla-Angel"> Jairo Falla-Angel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The honeybees' immune system is challenged by different risk factors that induce various responses. However, complex scenarios where bees are exposed to different pesticides simultaneously with immune activation are not well evaluated. The Toll pathway is one of the main signaling pathways studied in invertebrate immune responses, and it is a good indicator of the effect of such complex interactions in addition to key signaling elements of other pathways like Relish of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway or Eater, the phagocytosis receptor or vitellogenin levels. Honeybee hemocytes extracted from 5th instar larvae were exposed to imidacloprid and/or amitraz with or without the presence of the zymosan a as an immune activator. The gene expression of multiple immune related genes were studied, including spaetzle, Toll, myD88, relish, eater and vitellogenin, by real-time polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction. The results demonstrated that the Toll pathway is mainly affected by the pesticides; imidacloprid and amitraz, especially by their different combinations. Furthermore, immune activation by zymosan A, a fungal cell-wall component, acts to mitigate to some extent the effect of pesticides on the different levels of the Toll pathway. In addition, imidacloprid, amitraz, and zymosan A have complex and context-specific interactions depending on the levels of immune activation and the pathway evaluated affecting immune-gene expression differently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20pathway" title="toll pathway">toll pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20modulation" title=" immune modulation"> immune modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-glucan" title=" β-glucan"> β-glucan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidacloprid" title=" imidacloprid"> imidacloprid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amitraz" title=" amitraz"> amitraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybees" title=" honeybees"> honeybees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20genes" title=" immune genes"> immune genes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811/competition-between-the-effects-of-pesticides-and-immune-activation-on-the-expression-of-toll-pathway-genes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21079</span> Assessing the Impact of Electronic Payment Systems on the Service Delivery of Banks: Case of Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20lawal">Idris lawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most recent development in the Nigerian payment system is the venture into “electronic payment system”. Electronic payment system is simply a payment or monetary transaction made over the internet or a network of computers. This study was carried out in order to assess how electronic payment system has impacted on banks service delivery, to examine the efficiency of electronic payment system in Nigeria and to determine the level of customer’s satisfaction as a direct result of the deployment of electronic payment systems. The study was conducted using structured questionnaire distributed to 50 bank officials and customers of Access Bank plc. Chi-square(x2) was adopted for the purpose of data analysis. The result of the study showed that the development of electronic payment system offer great benefit to bank customers including; improved services, reduced turn-around time, ease of banking transaction, significant cost saving etc. The study recommend that customer protection laws should be properly put in place to safeguard the interest of end users of e-payment instruments, the banking industry and government should show strong commitment and effort to educate the populace on the benefit of patronizing e-payment system to facilitate economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20payment%20system" title="electronic payment system">electronic payment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20delivery" title=" service delivery"> service delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title=" bank"> bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13394/assessing-the-impact-of-electronic-payment-systems-on-the-service-delivery-of-banks-case-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21078</span> A Case Study of Assessing the Impact of Electronic Payment System on the Service Delivery of Banks in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20Lawal">Idris Lawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic payment system is simply a payment or monetary transaction made over the internet or a network of computers. This study was carried out in order to assess how electronic payment system has impacted on banks service delivery, to examine the efficiency of electronic payment system in Nigeria and to determine the level of customer's satisfaction as a direct result of the deployment of electronic payment systems. It is an empirical study conducted using structured questionnaire distributed to officials and customers of Access Bank plc. Chi-square(x2) was adopted for the purpose of data analysis. The result of the study showed that the development of electronic payment system offer great benefit to bank customers including improved services, reduced turn-around time, ease of banking transaction, significant cost saving etc. The study recommends that customer protection laws should be properly put in place to safeguard the interest of end users of e-payment instruments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title="bank">bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20payment%20systems" title=" electronic payment systems"> electronic payment systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20delivery" title=" service delivery"> service delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%27s%20satisfaction" title=" customer's satisfaction"> customer's satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16423/a-case-study-of-assessing-the-impact-of-electronic-payment-system-on-the-service-delivery-of-banks-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21077</span> Risk Identification of Investment Feasibility in Indonesia’s Toll Road Infrastructure Investment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christo%20Februanto%20Putra">Christo Februanto Putra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents risk identification that affects investment feasibility on toll road infrastructure in Indonesia using qualitative methods survey based on the expert practitioner in investor, contractor, and state officials. The problems on infrastructure investment in Indonesia, especially on KPBU model contract, is many risk factors in the investment plan is not calculated in detail thoroughly. Risk factor is a value used to provide an overview of the risk level assessment of an event which is a function of the probability of the occurrence and the consequences of the risks that arise. As results of the survey which is to show which risk factors impacts directly to the investment feasibility and rank them by their impacts on the investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20identification" title="risk identification">risk identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indonesia%20toll%20road" title=" indonesia toll road"> indonesia toll road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment%20feasibility" title=" investment feasibility"> investment feasibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142379/risk-identification-of-investment-feasibility-in-indonesias-toll-road-infrastructure-investment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21076</span> The Outsourcing System and Competitiveness Enhancement in the Thai Electricity and Electronic Industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudawan%20Somjai">Sudawan Somjai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to find out level of influences of factors that affected core competency and competitiveness of Thai electricity and electronics, and to indentify factors that affected core competency and competitiveness of Thai electricity and electronics. Using systematic random sampling technique, the samples of this study were 400 employees in the selected 10 medium enterprises in the electricity and electronic industries of Thailand that applied an outsourcing system. All selected companies were located in Bangkok and the eastern part of Thailand. Interviews were also utilized with managing directors. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were both applied. Questionnaires were employed in data collection, whereas in-depth interviews and focus groups were used with key informants in management. The findings unveiled a high level of influence of the outsourcing system on labor flexibility, manpower management efficiency, capability of business processes, cost reduction, business risk elimination and core competency. These factors were found to have a relationship with business core competency for competitiveness in the Thai electricity and electronic industry. Suggestions of this paper were also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness" title="competitiveness">competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20competency" title=" core competency"> core competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outsourcing" title=" outsourcing"> outsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20electricity%20and%20electronic%20industry" title=" Thai electricity and electronic industry"> Thai electricity and electronic industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9833/the-outsourcing-system-and-competitiveness-enhancement-in-the-thai-electricity-and-electronic-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21075</span> Customers’ Intention to Use Electronic Payment System for Purchasing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanida%20Suwunniponth">Wanida Suwunniponth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to study the factors of characteristic of business, website quality and trust affected intention to use electronic payment systems for online purchasing. This survey research used questionnaire as a tool to collect the data of 300 customers who purchased online products and used an electronic payment system. The descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The results revealed that customers had a good opinion towards the characteristic of the business and website quality. However, they have a moderate opinion towards trust and intention to repurchase. In addition, the characteristics of the business affected the purchase intention the most, followed by website quality and the trust with statistical significance at 0.05 level. For particular, the terms of reputation, communication, information quality, perceived risk and word of mouth affected the intention to use the electronic payment system. In contrast, the terms of size, system quality and service quality did not affect intention to use an electronic payment system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20payment" title="electronic payment">electronic payment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20purchasing" title=" online purchasing"> online purchasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55225/customers-intention-to-use-electronic-payment-system-for-purchasing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21074</span> Acceptability Process of a Congestion Charge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Mabrouk">Amira Mabrouk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the acceptability of urban toll in Tunisia. The price-based regulation, i.e. urban toll, is the outcome of a political process hampered by three-fold objectives: effectiveness, equity and social acceptability. This produces both economic interest groups and functions that are of incongruent preferences. The plausibility of this speculation goes hand in hand with the fact that these economic interest groups are also taxpayers who undeniably perceive urban toll as an additional charge. This wariness is coupled with an inquiry about the conditions of usage, the redistribution of the collected tax revenue and the idea of the leviathan state completes the picture. In a nutshell, if researches related to road congestion proliferate, no de facto legitimacy can be pleaded. Nonetheless, the theory on urban tolls engenders economists’ questioning of ways to reduce negative external effects linked to it. Only then does the urban toll appear to bear an answer to these issues. Undeniably, the urban toll suggests inherent conflicts due to the apparent no-payment principal of a public asset as well as to the social perception of the new measure as a mere additional charge. However, when the main concern is effectiveness is its broad sense and the social well-being, the main factors that determine the acceptability of such a tariff measure along with the type of incentives should be the object of a thorough, in-depth analysis. Before adopting this economic role, one has to recognize the factors that intervene in the acceptability of a congestion toll which brought about a copious number of articles and reports that lacked mostly solid theoretical content. It is noticeable that nowadays uncertainties float over the exact nature of the acceptability process. Accepting a congestion tariff could differ from one era to another, from one region to another and from one population to another, etc. Notably, this article, within a convenient time frame, attempts at bringing into focus a link between the social acceptability of the urban congestion toll and the value of time through a survey method barely employed in Tunisia, that of stated preference method. How can the urban toll, as a tax, be defined, justified and made acceptable? How can an equitable and effective tariff of congestion toll be reached? How can the costs of this urban toll be covered? In what way can we make the redistribution of the urban toll revenue visible and economically equitable? How can the redistribution of the revenue of urban toll compensate the disadvantaged while introducing such a tariff measure? This paper will offer answers to these research questions and it follows the line of contribution of JULES DUPUIT in 1844. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20charge" title="congestion charge">congestion charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20perception" title=" social perception"> social perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptability" title=" acceptability"> acceptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stated%20preferences" title=" stated preferences"> stated preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56092/acceptability-process-of-a-congestion-charge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21073</span> Usability and Biometric Authentication of Electronic Voting System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nighat%20Ayub">Nighat Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Ahmad"> Masood Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new voting system is developed and its usability is evaluated. The main feature of this system is the biometric verification of the voter and then a few easy steps to cast a vote. As compared to existing systems available, e.g dual vote, the new system requires no training in advance. The security is achieved via multiple key concept (another part of this project). More than 100 student voters were participated in the election from University of Malakanad, Chakdara, PK. To achieve the reliability, the voters cast their votes in two ways, i.e. paper based and electronic based voting using our new system. The results of paper based and electronic voting system are compared and it is concluded that the voters cast their votes for the intended candidates on the electronic voting system. The voters were requested to fill a questionnaire and the results of the questionnaire are carefully analyzed. The results show that the new system proposed in this paper is more secure and usable than other systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-voting" title="e-voting">e-voting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authentication" title=" authentication"> authentication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68301/usability-and-biometric-authentication-of-electronic-voting-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21072</span> Risk-Based Institutional Evaluation of Trans Sumatera Toll Road Infrastructure Development to Improve Time Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ridho%20Fakhrin">Muhammad Ridho Fakhrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leni%20Sagita%20Riantini"> Leni Sagita Riantini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Latief"> Yusuf Latief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the 2015-2019 RPJMN data, the realization of toll road infrastructure development in Indonesia experienced a delay of 49% or 904 km of the total plan. One of the major causes of delays in development is caused by institutional factors. The case study taken in this research is the construction of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). The purpose of this research is to identify the institutional forms, functions, roles, duties, and responsibilities of each stakeholder and the risks that occur in the Trans Sumatra Toll Road Infrastructure Development. Risk analysis is implemented on functions, roles, duties, responsibilities of each existing stakeholder and is carried out at the Funding Stage, Technical Planning Stage, and Construction Implementation Stage in JTTS. This research is conducted by collecting data through a questionnaire survey, then processed using statistical methods, such as homogeneity, data adequacy, validity, and reliability test, continued with risk assessment based on a risk matrix. The results of this study are the evaluation and development of institutional functions in risk-based JTTS development can improve time performance and minimize delays in the construction process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional" title="institutional">institutional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20performance" title=" time performance"> time performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20road" title=" toll road"> toll road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145085/risk-based-institutional-evaluation-of-trans-sumatera-toll-road-infrastructure-development-to-improve-time-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21071</span> Evaluation of Medication Errors in Outpatient Pharmacies: Electronic Prescription System vs. Paper System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mera%20Ababneh">Mera Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayer%20Al-Azzam"> Sayer Al-Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karem%20%20Alzoubi"> Karem Alzoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Rababa%27h"> Abeer Rababa'h</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Medication errors are among the most common medical errors. Their occurrences result in patient’s mortality, morbidity, and additional healthcare costs. Continuous monitoring and detection is required. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare medication errors in outpatient’s prescriptions in two different hospitals (paper system vs. electronic system). Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in two major hospitals; King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) and Princess Bassma Teaching Hospital (PBTH) over three months period. Data collection was conducted by two trained pharmacists at each site. During the study period, medication prescriptions and dispensing procedures were screened for medication errors in both participating centers by two trained pharmacist. Results: In the electronic prescription hospital, 2500 prescriptions were screened in which 631 medication errors were detected. Prescription errors were 231 (36.6%), and dispensing errors were 400 (63.4%) of all errors. On the other side, analysis of 2500 prescriptions in paper-based hospital revealed 3714 medication errors, of which 288 (7.8%) were prescription errors, and 3426 (92.2%) were dispensing errors. A significant number of 2496 (67.2%) were inadequately and/or inappropriately labeled. Conclusion: This study provides insight for healthcare policy makers, professionals, and administrators to invest in advanced technology systems, education, and epidemiological surveillance programs to minimize medication errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication%20errors" title="medication errors">medication errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prescription%20errors" title=" prescription errors"> prescription errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispensing%20errors" title=" dispensing errors"> dispensing errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20prescription" title=" electronic prescription"> electronic prescription</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwritten%20prescription" title=" handwritten prescription"> handwritten prescription</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64923/evaluation-of-medication-errors-in-outpatient-pharmacies-electronic-prescription-system-vs-paper-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21070</span> The Effectiveness of Electronic Local Financial Management Information System (ELFMIS) in Mempawah Regency, West Borneo Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhadam%20Labolo">Muhadam Labolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afdal%20R.%20Anwar"> Afdal R. Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sucia%20Miranti%20Sipisang"> Sucia Miranti Sipisang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic Local Finance Management Information System (ELFMIS) is integrated application that was used as a tool for local governments to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the various areas of financial management regulations. Appropriate With Exceptions Opinion (WDP) of Indonesia Audit Agency (BPK) for local governments Mempawah is a financial management problem that must be improved to avoid mistakes in decision-making. The use of Electronic Local Finance Management Information System (ELFMIS) by Mempawah authority has not yet performed maximally. These problems became the basis for research in measuring the effectiveness LFMIS in Mempawah regency. This research uses an indicator variable for measuring information systems effectiveness proposed by Bodnar. This research made use descriptive with inductive approach. Data collection techniques were mixed from qualitative and quantitative techniques, used questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The obstacles in Local Finance Board (LFB) for the application of ELFMIS such as connection, the quality and quantity of human resources, realization of financial resources, absence of maintenance and another facilities of ELFMIS and verification for financial information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title="effectiveness">effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-LFMIS" title=" E-LFMIS"> E-LFMIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20government" title=" local government"> local government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50602/the-effectiveness-of-electronic-local-financial-management-information-system-elfmis-in-mempawah-regency-west-borneo-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21069</span> Electronic Mentoring: How Can It Be Used with Teachers?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberta%20Gentry">Roberta Gentry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic mentoring is defined as a relationship between a mentor and a mentee using computer mediated communication (CMC) that is intended to develop and improve mentee’s skills, confidence, and cultural understanding. This session will increase knowledge about electronic mentoring, its uses, and outcomes. The research behind electronic mentoring and descriptions of existing programs will also be shared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20mentoring" title="electronic mentoring">electronic mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentoring" title=" mentoring"> mentoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beginning%20special%20educators" title=" beginning special educators"> beginning special educators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2667/electronic-mentoring-how-can-it-be-used-with-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21068</span> Failure Analysis of the Gasoline Engines Injection System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jozef%20Jurcik">Jozef Jurcik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20Gutten"> Miroslav Gutten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Sebok"> Milan Sebok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Korenciak"> Daniel Korenciak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20Roj"> Jerzy Roj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the research results of electronic fuel injection system, which can be used for diagnostics of automotive systems. In the paper is described the construction and operation of a typical fuel injection system and analyzed its electronic part. It has also been proposed method for the detection of the injector malfunction, based on the analysis of differential current or voltage characteristics. In order to detect the fault state, it is needed to use self-learning process, by the use of an appropriate self-learning algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20fuel%20injector" title="electronic fuel injector">electronic fuel injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostics" title=" diagnostics"> diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing%20device" title=" testing device"> testing device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23302/failure-analysis-of-the-gasoline-engines-injection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21067</span> Feasibility Study of Implementing Electronic Commerce in Food Industries with a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Safarirad">Maryam Safarirad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast and increasing growth of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in developed countries and its resulting competitive advantages mean that those countries should revise dramatically their trade and commercial strategies and policies. Regarding the importance of food industry in Iran, the current paper studies the feasibility of implementing the e-commerce system in Shiraz’s petrochemical unit. The statistical population of the study includes 29 senior managers and experts of the food industries. In the present Feasibility study of implementing electronic commerce 249 research, senior managers and experts’ opinions on feasibility have been examined and some feedbacks have resulted in from the opinions. The current research concludes that the organization under study does not have favorable state either in software or in hardware. Implementation of the e-commerce system in food industries would reduce the average value of the transaction costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20trading" title="electronic trading">electronic trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20commerce" title=" electronic commerce"> electronic commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20exchange%20of%20information" title=" electronic exchange of information"> electronic exchange of information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feasibility%20study" title=" feasibility study"> feasibility study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20shopping" title=" virtual shopping"> virtual shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20networks" title=" computer networks"> computer networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20commerce%20laws" title=" electronic commerce laws"> electronic commerce laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20industry" title=" food industry"> food industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35987/feasibility-study-of-implementing-electronic-commerce-in-food-industries-with-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21066</span> Impact of Electronic Guest Relationship Management (e-GRM) on Brand Loyalty: The Case of Croatian Hotels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20La%C5%A1karin">Marina Laškarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vlado%20Gali%C4%8Di%C4%87"> Vlado Galičić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quick adoption of e-business and emerging influence of “Electronic Word of Mouth e-WOM” communication on guests made leading hotel brands successful examples of electronic guest relationship management. Main reasons behind such success are well established procedures in collection, analysis and usage of highly valuable data available on the Internet, generated through some form of e-GRM programme. E-GRM is more than just a technology solution. It’s a system which balance respective guest demands, hotel technological capabilities and organizational culture of employees, discharging the universal approach in guest relations “same for all”. The purpose of this research derives from the necessity of determining the importance of monitoring and applying e-WOM communication as one of the methods used in managing guest relations. This paper analyses and compares different hotelier’s opinions on e-WOM communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20loyalty" title="brand loyalty">brand loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-WOM%20communication" title=" e-WOM communication"> e-WOM communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRM%20programmes" title=" GRM programmes"> GRM programmes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20culture" title=" organizational culture"> organizational culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25544/impact-of-electronic-guest-relationship-management-e-grm-on-brand-loyalty-the-case-of-croatian-hotels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21065</span> Failure Analysis and Verification Using an Integrated Method for Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Chen">Lei Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Jiao"> Jian Jiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingdi%20Zhao"> Tingdi Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Failures of automotive electric/electronic systems, which are universally considered to be safety-critical and software-intensive, may cause catastrophic accidents. Analysis and verification of failures in these kinds of systems is a big challenge with increasing system complexity. Model-checking is often employed to allow formal verification by ensuring that the system model conforms to specified safety properties. The system-level effects of failures are established, and the effects on system behavior are observed through the formal verification. A hazard analysis technique, called Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis, is capable of identifying design flaws which may cause potential failure hazardous, including software and system design errors and unsafe interactions among multiple system components. This paper provides a concept on how to use model-checking integrated with Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis to perform failure analysis and verification of automotive electric/electronic systems. As a result, safety requirements are optimized, and failure propagation paths are found. Finally, an automotive electric/electronic system case study is used to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20analysis%20and%20verification" title="failure analysis and verification">failure analysis and verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20checking" title=" model checking"> model checking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system-theoretic%20process%20analysis" title=" system-theoretic process analysis"> system-theoretic process analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20electric%2Felectronic%20system" title=" automotive electric/electronic system"> automotive electric/electronic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112321/failure-analysis-and-verification-using-an-integrated-method-for-automotive-electricelectronic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21064</span> Adoption and Use of an Electronic Voting System in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kofi%20Mensah">Isaac Kofi Mensah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The manual system of voting has been the most widely used system of electing representatives around the globe, particularly in Africa. Due to the known numerous problems and challenges associated with the manual system of voting, many countries are migrating to the electronic voting system as a suitable and credible means of electing representatives over the manual paper-based system. This research paper therefore investigated the factors influencing adoption and use of an electronic voting system in Ghana. A total of 400 Questionnaire Instruments (QI) were administered to potential respondents in Ghana, of which 387 responded representing a response rate of 96.75%. The Technology Acceptance Model was used as the theoretical framework for the study. The research model was tested using a simple linear regression analysis with SPSS. A little of over 71.1% of the respondents recommended the Electoral Commission (EC) of Ghana to adopt an electronic voting system in the conduct of public elections in Ghana. The results indicated that all the six predictors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived free and fair elections (PFFF), perceived credible elections (PCE), perceived system integrity (PSI) and citizens trust in the election management body (CTEM) were all positively significant in predicting the readiness of citizens to adopt and use an electronic voting system in Ghana. However, jointly, the hypotheses tested revealed that apart from Perceived Free and Fair Elections and Perceived Credible and Transparent Elections, all the other factors such as PU, Perceived System Integrity and Security and Citizen Trust in the Election Management Body were found to be significant predictors of the Willingness of Ghanaians to use an electronic voting system. All the six factors considered in this study jointly account for about 53.1% of the reasons determining the readiness to adopt and use an electronic voting system in Ghana. The implications of this research finding on elections in Ghana are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credible%20elections" title="credible elections">credible elections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Election%20Management%20Body%20%28EMB%29" title=" Election Management Body (EMB)"> Election Management Body (EMB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20voting" title=" electronic voting"> electronic voting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Technology%20Acceptance%20Model%20%28TAM%29" title=" Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)"> Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69348/adoption-and-use-of-an-electronic-voting-system-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21063</span> Electronic Payment Recording with Payment History Retrieval Module: A System Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Forca">Adrian Forca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simeon%20Cainday%20III"> Simeon Cainday III</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Electronic Payment Recording with Payment History Retrieval Module is developed intendedly for the College of Science and Technology. This system software innovates the manual process of recording the payments done in the department through the development of electronic payment recording system software shifting from the slow and time-consuming procedure to quick yet reliable and accurate way of recording payments because it immediately generates receipts for every transaction. As an added feature to its software process, generation of recorded payment report is integrated eliminating the manual reporting to a more easy and consolidated report. As an added feature to the system, all recorded payments of the students can be retrieved immediately making the system transparent and reliable payment recording software. Viewing the whole process, the system software will shift from the manual process to an organized software technology because the information will be stored in a logically correct and normalized database. Further, the software will be developed using the modern programming language and implement strict programming methods to validate all users accessing the system, evaluate all data passed into the system and information retrieved to ensure data accuracy and reliability. In addition, the system will identify the user and limit its access privilege to establish boundaries of the specific access to information allowed for the store, modify, and update making the information secure against unauthorized data manipulation. As a result, the System software will eliminate the manual procedure and replace with an innovative modern information technology resulting to the improvement of the whole process of payment recording fast, secure, accurate and reliable software innovations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collection" title="collection">collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20system" title=" information system"> information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manual%20procedure" title=" manual procedure"> manual procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payment" title=" payment"> payment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95648/electronic-payment-recording-with-payment-history-retrieval-module-a-system-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20electronic%20toll%20collection%20system&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20electronic%20toll%20collection%20system&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20electronic%20toll%20collection%20system&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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