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<span>Service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early milestones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upgrades_and_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upgrades_and_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Upgrades and features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upgrades_and_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Final flights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tribute_and_mission_insignias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribute_and_mission_insignias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tribute and mission insignias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribute_and_mission_insignias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flow_Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flow_Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flow Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flow_Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decommissioning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decommissioning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Decommissioning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decommissioning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decommissioning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decommissioning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California_Science_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Science_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>California Science Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Science_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Replica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Replica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimtependeltuig_Endeavour" title="Ruimtependeltuig Endeavour – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruimtependeltuig Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="إنديفور (مكوك فضاء) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنديفور (مكوك فضاء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="স্পেস শাটল এনডেভার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পেস শাটল এনডেভার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-khong-so_Endeavour" title="Thài-khong-so Endeavour – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-khong-so Endeavour" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Space Shuttle Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Индевър (совалка) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индевър (совалка)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador_espacial_Endeavour" title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(raketopl%C3%A1n)" title="Endeavour (raketoplán) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Endeavour (raketoplán)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(rumf%C3%A6rge)" title="Endeavour (rumfærge) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Endeavour (rumfærge)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(Raumf%C3%A4hre)" title="Endeavour (Raumfähre) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Endeavour (Raumfähre)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoses%C3%BCstik_Endeavour" title="Kosmosesüstik Endeavour – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmosesüstik Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Διαστημικό Λεωφορείο Εντέβορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαστημικό Λεωφορείο Εντέβορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador_espacial_Endeavour" title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmopramo_Endeavour" title="Kosmopramo Endeavour – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmopramo Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(anezka)" title="Endeavour (anezka) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Endeavour (anezka)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="شاتل فضایی اندور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاتل فضایی اندور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(navette_spatiale)" title="Endeavour (navette spatiale) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Endeavour (navette spatiale)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transbordador_espacial_Endeavour" title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transbordador espacial Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%B0%EB%B2%84_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%99%95%EB%B3%B5%EC%84%A0" title="인데버 우주왕복선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인데버 우주왕복선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Ulang_Alik_Endeavour" title="Pesawat Ulang Alik Endeavour – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat Ulang Alik Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(geimskutla)" title="Endeavour (geimskutla) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Endeavour (geimskutla)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Space Shuttle Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8" title="מעבורת החלל אנדוור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבורת החלל אנדוור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(kosmopl%C4%81ns)" title="Endeavour (kosmoplāns) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Endeavour (kosmoplāns)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Space Shuttle Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_%C5%B1rrep%C3%BCl%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Endeavour űrrepülőgép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Endeavour űrrepülőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="എൻഡവർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻഡവർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="स्पेस शटल एंडेव्हर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पेस शटल एंडेव्हर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolak-balik_angkasa_lepas_Endeavour" title="Bolak-balik angkasa lepas Endeavour – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bolak-balik angkasa lepas Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B2%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="အင်ဒဲဗား အာကာသ လွန်းပြန်ယာဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဒဲဗား အာကာသ လွန်းပြန်ယာဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(ruimteveer)" title="Endeavour (ruimteveer) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endeavour (ruimteveer)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="スペースシャトル・エンデバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペースシャトル・エンデバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(romferge)" title="Endeavour (romferge) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Endeavour (romferge)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romferja_%C2%ABEndeavour%C2%BB" title="Romferja «Endeavour» – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romferja «Endeavour»" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour" title="Endeavour – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(%C3%B4nibus_espacial)" title="Endeavour (ônibus espacial) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Endeavour (ônibus espacial)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naveta_spa%C8%9Bial%C4%83_Endeavour" title="Naveta spațială Endeavour – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naveta spațială Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BB)" title="Индевор (шаттл) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индевор (шаттл)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space Shuttle Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(raketopl%C3%A1n)" title="Endeavour (raketoplán) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Endeavour (raketoplán)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raketoplan_Endeavour" title="Raketoplan Endeavour – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raketoplan Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour" title="Endeavour – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_(rymdf%C3%A4rja)" title="Endeavour (rymdfärja) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Endeavour (rymdfärja)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" title="Space Shuttle Endeavour – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Space Shuttle Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்டெவர் விண்ணோடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்டெவர் விண்ணோடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กระสวยอวกาศเอนเดฟเวอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระสวยอวกาศเอนเดฟเวอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endeavour_Uzay_Meki%C4%9Fi" title="Endeavour Uzay Mekiği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Endeavour Uzay Mekiği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB)" title="Індевор (шатл) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індевор (шатл)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_con_thoi_Endeavour" title="Tàu con thoi Endeavour – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tàu con thoi Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Ck%E1%BB%8D%CC%80-%C3%A0l%E1%BB%8Db%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_%C3%92furuf%C3%BA_Endeavour" title="Ọkọ̀-àlọbọ̀ Òfurufú Endeavour – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọkọ̀-àlọbọ̀ Òfurufú Endeavour" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%80%B2%E8%99%9F" title="奮進號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奮進號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%80%B2%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD" title="奮進號太空梭 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><i>Endeavour</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Top view of a spaceplane above the Earth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Endeavour</i> in orbit in 2008, during STS-123</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">Spaceplane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Class</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Space Shuttle orbiter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Serial <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data">OV-105</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">78,000 kilograms (172,000 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>May 7 – 16, 1992</li><li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>May 16 – June 1, 2011</li><li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flights</th><td class="infobox-data">25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flight time</th><td class="infobox-data">7,179 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Travelled</th><td class="infobox-data">197,761,262 kilometres (122,883,151 mi) around Earth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">4,671 around Earth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">Retired</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Space Shuttle orbiters</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></b> (<a href="/wiki/Orbiter_Vehicle_Designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter Vehicle Designation">Orbiter Vehicle Designation</a>: <b>OV-105</b>) is a retired <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">orbiter</a> from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> and the fifth and final operational <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Shuttle</a> built. It embarked on its first mission, <a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a>, in May 1992 and its 25th and final mission, <a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a>, in May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> STS-134 was expected to be the final mission of the Space Shuttle program,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with the authorization of <a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> became the last shuttle to fly. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> approved the construction of <i>Endeavour</i> in 1987 to replace the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a>, which was <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">destroyed in 1986</a>. </p><p>NASA chose, on cost grounds, to build much of <i>Endeavour</i> from spare parts rather than refitting the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Space Shuttle <i>Enterprise</i></a>, and used structural spares built during the construction of <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> in its assembly. </p><p>The space shuttle will soon be on display in the upcoming Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center at the <a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg/220px-Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg/330px-Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg/440px-Endeavour_rollout_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="3589" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> rollout ceremony in April 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/290px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/435px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg/580px-STS-118_approaching_ISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> as photographed from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> as it approached the station during <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg/290px-Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg/435px-Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg/580px-Endeavour_silhouette_STS-130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> appears to straddle the <a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">stratosphere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">mesosphere</a> in this 2010 photo taken from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the loss of <i>Challenger</i> in 1986, NASA was authorized to begin the procurement process for a replacement orbiter. A major refit of the prototype orbiter <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a> was looked at and rejected on cost grounds, with instead the cache of structural spares that were produced as part of the construction of <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a> earmarked for assembly into the new orbiter. Assembly was completed in July 1990, and the new orbiter was rolled out in April 1991. As part of the process, NASA ran a national competition for schools to name the new orbiter—the criteria included a requirement that it be named after an exploratory or research vessel, with a name "easily understood in the context of space"; entries included an essay about the name, the story behind it and why it was appropriate for a NASA shuttle, and the project that supported the name. Amongst the entries, <i>Endeavour</i> was suggested by one-third of the participating schools, with <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush">President George H.W. Bush</a> eventually selecting it on the advice of the NASA Administrator, <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Truly" title="Richard H. Truly">Richard Truly</a>. The national winners were Senatobia Middle School in <a href="/wiki/Senatobia,_Mississippi" title="Senatobia, Mississippi">Senatobia, Mississippi</a>, in the elementary division and <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Falls_School" title="Tallulah Falls School">Tallulah Falls School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Falls,_Georgia" title="Tallulah Falls, Georgia">Tallulah Falls, Georgia</a>, in the upper school division. They were honored at several ceremonies in Washington, D.C., including a White House ceremony where President Bush presented awards to each school.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa.gov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i> was delivered by <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a> Space Transportation Systems Division in May 1991 and first launched a year later, in May 1992, on <a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a>. </p><p><i>Endeavour</i> cost $1.7 billion to build.<sup id="cite_ref-nasaFS-2011-7-142-KSC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaFS-2011-7-142-KSC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The orbiter is named after the British <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a>, the ship which took Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> on his <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">first voyage</a> of discovery (1768–1771).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is why the name is spelled in the <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> manner, rather than the <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> ("Endeavor"). This has caused confusion, including when NASA itself misspelled a sign on the launch pad in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-spellingoops_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spellingoops-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Space Shuttle carried a piece of the original wood from Cook's ship inside the cockpit.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name also honored <i>Endeavour</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">command module</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a>, which was also named for Cook's ship. </p><p>On May 30, 2020, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a> capsule C206 was named <i><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i> during the <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2" title="Crew Dragon Demo-2">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a> mission by astronauts <a href="/wiki/Doug_Hurley" title="Doug Hurley">Doug Hurley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Bob Behnken</a> in honor of the shuttle, on which both astronauts took their first flights (<a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a> and <a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a> respectively). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On its first mission, it captured and redeployed the stranded <i><a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> VI</i> communications satellite. The first African-American woman astronaut, <a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a>, was launched into space on the mission <a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a> on September 12, 1992. </p><p><i>Endeavour</i> flew the first servicing mission <a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> in 1993. In 1997 it was withdrawn from service for eight months for a retrofit, including installation of a new airlock. In December 1998, it delivered the <a href="/wiki/Unity_(ISS_module)" title="Unity (ISS module)">Unity Module</a> to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. </p><p><i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s last Orbiter Major Modification period began in December 2003 and ended on October 6, 2005. During this time, <i>Endeavour</i> received major hardware upgrades, including a new, multi-functional, electronic display system, often referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a>, and an advanced <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> receiver, along with safety upgrades recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board"><i>Columbia</i> Accident Investigation Board</a> (CAIB) for the shuttle's return to flight following the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">loss of</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a> during reentry on February 1, 2003. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a> mission, <i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s first since the refit, included astronaut <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Morgan" title="Barbara Morgan">Barbara Morgan</a>, formerly assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_project" class="mw-redirect" title="Teacher in Space project">Teacher in Space project</a>, and later a member of the Astronaut Corps from 1998 to 2008, as part of the crew. Morgan was the backup for <a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a> who was on the ill-fated mission <a href="/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a> in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_milestones">Early milestones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Date </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Milestone<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1982 February 15 </td> <td>Start structural assembly of crew module (built as structural spare alongside <i>Discovery</i> and <i>Atlantis</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 July 31 </td> <td>Contract award to <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 August 1 </td> <td>Start of Final Assembly </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 September 28 </td> <td>Start structural assembly of aft fuselage </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 July 6 </td> <td>Completed Final Assembly </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 April 25 </td> <td>Rollout from Plant 42, Palmdale, California </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 May 7 </td> <td>Delivery to Kennedy Space Center </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 April 6 </td> <td>Flight Readiness Firing (FRF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 May 7 </td> <td>First flight (<a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upgrades_and_features">Upgrades and features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Upgrades and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Transit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">Shuttle Carrier Aircraft</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg/220px-STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg/330px-STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg/440px-STS-130_Endeavour_Rollout_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> approaches LC-39A before STS-130</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg/220px-STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg/330px-STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg/440px-STS-126_Endeavour_atop_carrier_aircraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2862" data-file-height="2053" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> in flight en route back to the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> atop a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft in 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st,_2009..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Lands_at_the_Kennedy_Space_Center_on_July_31st%2C_2009..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> lands after <a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">Shuttle Landing Facility</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As it was constructed later than its elder sisters, <i>Endeavour</i> was built with new hardware designed to improve and expand orbiter capabilities. Most of this equipment was later incorporated into the other three orbiters during out-of-service major inspection and modification programs. <i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s upgrades include: </p> <ul><li>A 40-foot (12 m) diameter <a href="/wiki/Drag_chute" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag chute">drag chute</a> that reduced the orbiter's landing roll-out distance (the runway length used for deceleration) from 3,000 feet (910 m) to 2,000 feet (610 m).</li> <li>The plumbing and electrical connections needed for <a href="/wiki/Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">Extended Duration Orbiter</a> (EDO) modifications to allow up to a 28-day mission (although a 28-day mission was never attempted; the record is <a href="/wiki/STS-80" title="STS-80">17 days</a>, which was set by <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i>).</li> <li>Updated avionics systems that included advanced <a href="/wiki/General_purpose_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="General purpose computer">general purpose computers</a>, improved <a href="/wiki/Inertial_measurement_unit" title="Inertial measurement unit">inertial measurement units</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tactical_air_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical air navigation">tactical air navigation</a> systems, enhanced master events controllers and multiplexer-demultiplexers, a solid-state <a href="/wiki/Star_tracker" title="Star tracker">star tracker</a> and improved nose wheel steering mechanisms.</li> <li>An improved version of the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Power_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary Power Unit">Auxiliary Power Units</a> (APUs) that provided power to operate the Shuttle's hydraulic systems.</li></ul> <p>Modifications resulting from a 2005–2006 refit of <i>Endeavour</i> included: </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Station-to-Shuttle_Power_Transfer_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System">Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System</a></i> (SSPTS), which converted 8 kilowatts of DC power from the ISS main voltage of 120VDC to the orbiter bus voltage of 28VDC. This upgrade allowed <i>Endeavour</i> to remain on-orbit while docked at ISS for an additional 3- to 4-day duration. The corresponding power equipment was added to the ISS during the <a href="/wiki/STS-116" title="STS-116">STS-116</a> station assembly mission, and <i>Endeavour</i> flew with SSPTS capability during <a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_flights">Final flights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Final flights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg/220px-Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg/330px-Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg/440px-Platforms_Around_Endeavour_In_Orbiter_Processing_Facility-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Platforms around <i>Endeavour</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Orbiter_Processing_Facility" title="Orbiter Processing Facility">Orbiter Processing Facility</a>-2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg/220px-Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg/330px-Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg/440px-Endeavour_docked_to_ISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> (left) docked to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> on May 23, 2011, during its final mission</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Endeavour</i> flew its final mission, STS-134, to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) in May 2011. After the conclusion of STS-134, <i>Endeavour</i> was formally decommissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>STS-134 was intended to launch in late 2010, but on July 1 NASA released a statement saying the <i>Endeavour</i> mission was rescheduled for February 27, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The target dates were adjusted because critical payload hardware for STS-133 will not be ready in time to support the previously planned 16 September launch," NASA said in a statement. With the <i>Discovery</i> launch moving to November, <i>Endeavour</i> mission "cannot fly as planned, so the next available launch window is in February 2011," NASA said, adding that the launch dates were subject to change.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The launch was further postponed until April to avoid a scheduling conflict with a Russian supply vehicle heading for the International Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> STS-134 did not launch until May 16 at 08:56 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Endeavour</i> landed at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> at 06:34 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_universal_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated universal time">UTC</a> on June 1, 2011, completing its final mission.<sup id="cite_ref-finallanding_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finallanding-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the 25th night landing of a shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over its flight career, <i>Endeavour</i> flew 122,883,151 miles (197,761,262 km) and spent 299 days in space.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <i>Endeavour's</i> last mission, the Russian spacecraft Soyuz TMA-20 departed from the ISS and paused at a distance of 200 metres (660 ft). Italian astronaut Paolo Nespoli took a series of photographs and videos of the ISS with <i>Endeavour</i> docked.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the second time a shuttle was photographed docked and the first time since 1996. Commander <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Mark Kelly</a> was the last astronaut off <i>Endeavour</i> after the landing, and the crew stayed on the landing strip to sign autographs and pose for pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>STS-134 was the penultimate Space Shuttle mission; <a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a> was added to the schedule in January 2011, and in July <i>Atlantis</i> flew for the final time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flights">Flights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flights"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"># </th> <th scope="col" width="18%" style="background:#efefef;">Date </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#efefef;">Designation </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#efefef;">Launch pad </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#efefef;">Landing location </th> <th scope="col" style="background:#efefef;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>1992-05-07 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> </td> <td>First flight of <i>Endeavour</i>: Capture and redeploy <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> VI. First three-person <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">EVA</a>, longest US EVA since <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>1992-09-12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> mission J with the first African American woman in space, <a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>1993-01-13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Deploy <a href="/wiki/TDRS-F" class="mw-redirect" title="TDRS-F">TDRS-F</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>1993-06-21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Spacelab experiments. Retrieve <a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">European Retrievable Carrier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>1993-12-02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> service mission (HSM-1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>1994-04-09 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Radar_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Radar Laboratory (page does not exist)">Space Radar Laboratory</a> experiments<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Spaceborne_Imaging_Radar" title="Spaceborne Imaging Radar">Spaceborne Imaging Radar</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>1994-09-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Radar_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Radar Laboratory (page does not exist)">Space Radar Laboratory</a> experiments<br /><small>Spaceborne Imaging Radar</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>1995-03-02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards </td> <td>Spacelab Astro-2 experiments‡ </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>1995-09-07 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Wake Shield Facility and other experiments </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>1996-01-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Retrieve Japanese <a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit" title="Space Flyer Unit">Space Flyer Unit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>1996-05-19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Spacelab experiments </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>1998-01-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Rendezvous with <a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> space station and astronaut exchange </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>1998-12-04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission 2A (assembled the <a href="/wiki/Unity_(ISS_module)" title="Unity (ISS module)">Unity Module</a> (Node 1), first American component of the ISS) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>2000-02-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission" title="Shuttle Radar Topography Mission">Shuttle Radar Topography Mission</a> experiments </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>2000-11-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">P6 truss</a> segment) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>2001-04-19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission 6A (<a href="/wiki/Canadarm2" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm2">Canadarm2</a> robotic arm and hand) </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>2001-12-05 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a> </td> <td>39-B </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission UF-1, rendezvous and astronaut exchange (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_3" title="Expedition 3">Expedition 3</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_4" title="Expedition 4">Expedition 4</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>2002-06-05 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission UF-2, rendezvous and astronaut exchange (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_4" title="Expedition 4">Expedition 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_5" title="Expedition 5">Expedition 5</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>2002-11-23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission 11A and astronaut exchange/final successful shuttle flight before the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia disaster"><i>Columbia</i> disaster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expedition_5" title="Expedition 5">Expedition 5</a>/<a href="/wiki/Expedition_6" title="Expedition 6">6</a> exchange; <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">P1 truss</a> segment assembly) </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>2007-08-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td>Four spacewalks conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Installation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> S5 Truss, of the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">Integrated Truss Structure</a>. Carried a <a href="/wiki/SPACEHAB" class="mw-redirect" title="SPACEHAB">SPACEHAB</a> module carrying 5,000 pounds of supplies and equipment to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. Crew included the <a href="/wiki/Educator_Astronaut_Project" title="Educator Astronaut Project">Educator Astronaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Morgan" title="Barbara Morgan">Barbara Morgan</a>. Thermal tiles protecting the underside of the vehicle were damaged during launch. NASA decided not to fix this damage in-flight as it was not believed to be serious enough to result in loss of vehicle or crew. The craft landed a day early due to the possibility that <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dean" title="Hurricane Dean">Hurricane Dean</a> would force Mission Control to evacuate. </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>2008-03-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission 1J/A which delivered the first element of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Experiment_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Experiment Module"><i>Kibo</i> module</a> along with the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Dextre" title="Dextre">Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator</a> robotic arm, and the Spacelab Pallet-Deployable 1. </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>2008-11-14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Edwards<sup id="cite_ref-rss3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rss3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission that brought equipment and supplies in the <a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a> <i>Leonardo</i>, and Expedition 18 crew rotation, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Chamitoff" title="Gregory Chamitoff">Gregory Chamitoff</a>. <i>Endeavour</i> was the only orbiter to land on the temporary Runway 4 at Edwards AFB, as the refurbished main runway will be operational from <a href="/wiki/STS-119" title="STS-119">STS-119</a> onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>2009-07-15<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission which delivered the last two elements of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Experiment_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Experiment Module"><i>Kibo</i> Module</a> along with the Spacelab Pallet-Deployable 2, and an Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>2010-02-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission which delivered the <a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)">Node 3</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a> observatory to the station. This brought the ISS to 98 percent completion. </td></tr> <tr id="cite_ref-32" class="cite-bracket"> <td>25 </td> <td>2011-05-16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a> </td> <td>39-A </td> <td>Kennedy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> assembly mission which delivered the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ExPRESS_Logistics_Carrier" title="ExPRESS Logistics Carrier">ELC-3</a> to the space station. This was the final mission of <i>Endeavour</i>. Although originally planned to be the last Space Shuttle program flight, one additional flight of <i>Atlantis</i>, <a href="/wiki/STS-135" title="STS-135">STS-135</a>, was flown in July 2011. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>‡ Longest shuttle mission for <i>Endeavour</i></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribute_and_mission_insignias">Tribute and mission insignias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tribute and mission insignias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin: auto; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8">NASA Orbiter Tribute for Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg/650px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg" decoding="async" width="650" height="463" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg/975px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg/1300px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_Tribute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Mission insignia for <i>Endeavour</i> flights </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-49-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sts-49-patch.png/99px-Sts-49-patch.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sts-49-patch.png/149px-Sts-49-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sts-49-patch.png/199px-Sts-49-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="3812" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-47-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/100px-Sts-47-patch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/150px-Sts-47-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sts-47-patch.png/200px-Sts-47-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-54-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sts-54-patch.png/99px-Sts-54-patch.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sts-54-patch.png/149px-Sts-54-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sts-54-patch.png/199px-Sts-54-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-57-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sts-57-patch.png/100px-Sts-57-patch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sts-57-patch.png/150px-Sts-57-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Sts-57-patch.png/200px-Sts-57-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="2785" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-61-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sts-61-patch.png/100px-Sts-61-patch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sts-61-patch.png/149px-Sts-61-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sts-61-patch.png/199px-Sts-61-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="3798" data-file-height="3812" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-59_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/STS-59_patch.svg/100px-STS-59_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/STS-59_patch.svg/150px-STS-59_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/STS-59_patch.svg/200px-STS-59_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-68-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sts-68-patch.png/100px-Sts-68-patch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sts-68-patch.png/150px-Sts-68-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sts-68-patch.png/200px-Sts-68-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_54" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 54">STS 54</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_57" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 57">STS 57</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_61" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 61">STS 61</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_59" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 59">STS 59</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_68" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 68">STS 68</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-67-patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sts-67-patch.svg/100px-Sts-67-patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sts-67-patch.svg/150px-Sts-67-patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sts-67-patch.svg/200px-Sts-67-patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-69_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/STS-69_patch.svg/100px-STS-69_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/STS-69_patch.svg/150px-STS-69_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/STS-69_patch.svg/200px-STS-69_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-72-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sts-72-patch.png/99px-Sts-72-patch.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sts-72-patch.png/148px-Sts-72-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sts-72-patch.png/198px-Sts-72-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="2982" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-77-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-77-patch.png/98px-Sts-77-patch.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-77-patch.png/147px-Sts-77-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sts-77-patch.png/196px-Sts-77-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-89-patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sts-89-patch.svg/78px-Sts-89-patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sts-89-patch.svg/117px-Sts-89-patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sts-89-patch.svg/156px-Sts-89-patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-88-patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sts-88-patch.svg/100px-Sts-88-patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sts-88-patch.svg/150px-Sts-88-patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sts-88-patch.svg/200px-Sts-88-patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-99-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sts-99-patch.png/100px-Sts-99-patch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sts-99-patch.png/150px-Sts-99-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sts-99-patch.png/200px-Sts-99-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_67" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 67">STS 67</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_69" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 69">STS 69</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_72" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 72">STS 72</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_77" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 77">STS 77</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_89" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 89">STS 89</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_88" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 88">STS 88</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_99" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 99">STS 99</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-97-patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/100px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/150px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Sts-97-patch.svg/200px-Sts-97-patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-100_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/STS-100_patch.svg/100px-STS-100_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/STS-100_patch.svg/150px-STS-100_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/STS-100_patch.svg/200px-STS-100_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4960" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-108_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/STS-108_Patch.svg/107px-STS-108_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/STS-108_Patch.svg/161px-STS-108_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/STS-108_Patch.svg/215px-STS-108_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4884" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sts-111-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sts-111-patch.png/82px-Sts-111-patch.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sts-111-patch.png/123px-Sts-111-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sts-111-patch.png/164px-Sts-111-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1870" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-113_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/STS-113_Patch.svg/93px-STS-113_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/STS-113_Patch.svg/139px-STS-113_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/STS-113_Patch.svg/185px-STS-113_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4628" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-118_patch_new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-118_patch_new.svg/83px-STS-118_patch_new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-118_patch_new.svg/124px-STS-118_patch_new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/STS-118_patch_new.svg/166px-STS-118_patch_new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4146" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-123_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/STS-123_Patch.svg/100px-STS-123_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/STS-123_Patch.svg/150px-STS-123_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/STS-123_Patch.svg/200px-STS-123_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_97" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 97">STS 97</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_100" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 100">STS 100</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_108" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 108">STS 108</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_111" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 111">STS 111</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_113" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 113">STS 113</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_118" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 118">STS 118</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_123" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 123">STS 123</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-126_patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/STS-126_patch.svg/71px-STS-126_patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/STS-126_patch.svg/107px-STS-126_patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/STS-126_patch.svg/143px-STS-126_patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-127_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/STS-127_Patch.svg/100px-STS-127_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/STS-127_Patch.svg/150px-STS-127_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/STS-127_Patch.svg/200px-STS-127_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-130_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/STS-130_patch.png/92px-STS-130_patch.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/STS-130_patch.png/137px-STS-130_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/STS-130_patch.png/183px-STS-130_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="3365" data-file-height="3670" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-134_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/STS-134_Patch.svg/100px-STS-134_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/STS-134_Patch.svg/150px-STS-134_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/STS-134_Patch.svg/200px-STS-134_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4894" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_126" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 126">STS 126</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_127" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 127">STS 127</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_130" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 130">STS 130</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/STS_134" class="mw-redirect" title="STS 134">STS 134</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flow_Directors">Flow Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flow Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Flow Director was responsible for the overall preparation of the Shuttle for launch and processing it after landing, and remained permanently assigned to head the spacecraft's ground crew while the astronaut flight crews changed for every mission. Each Shuttle's Flow Director was supported by a Vehicle Manager for the same spacecraft. Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Flow Directors were: </p> <ul><li>01/1991 – ?: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._%22Tip%22_Talone_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. "Tip" Talone Jr. (page does not exist)">John J. "Tip" Talone Jr.</a> (previously Flow Director for <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>08/2000 – 05/2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tassos_Abadiotakis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tassos Abadiotakis (page does not exist)">Tassos Abadiotakis</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>STS-126 --- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Tenbusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Tenbusch (page does not exist)">Ken Tenbusch</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Until 08/2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_M._Hutcherson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana M. Hutcherson (page does not exist)">Dana M. Hutcherson</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decommissioning">Decommissioning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Decommissioning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">Space Shuttle retirement</a></div> <p>After more than twenty organizations submitted proposals for the display of an orbiter,<sup id="cite_ref-latshuttle_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latshuttle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on April 12, 2011, NASA announced that the Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> would go to the <a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usatodayshuttle_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatodayshuttle-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Space Shuttle was mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">Shuttle Carrier Aircraft</a> and departed from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on September 19, 2012, heading to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, with some refueling stops in <a href="/wiki/Ellington_Field_Joint_Reserve_Base" title="Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base">Ellington Field</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>. After low level flyovers above NASA and civic landmarks across the country and in California, it was delivered to LAX on September 21.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then hoisted off the aircraft and placed inside a United Airlines hangar to prepare for its transportation through the streets of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_(37919560104).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_in_Los_Angeles_-_2012_%2837919560104%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3811" data-file-height="2858" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> moving through Los Angeles</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 11 at 11:30pm, <i>Endeavour</i> left the hangar on four self-propelled robotic transporters and the orbiter was slowly left the airport and was carefully transported through the streets of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Space Shuttle's 12-mile (19 km) journey was meticulously measured and each move was carefully choreographed.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_Times_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Times-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In multiple locations, there were only inches of clearance for the shuttle's wide wings between telephone poles, apartment buildings and other structures. Many street light standards and traffic signals were temporarily removed as the shuttle passed through. It was necessary to remove over 400 street trees as well, some of which were fairly old, leading to concern.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the removed trees were replaced two-for-one by the Science Center, using part of the $200 million funding for the move.<sup id="cite_ref-LA_Times_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA_Times-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The power had to be turned off and power carrying poles had to be removed temporarily as the orbiter crept along the streets. News crews lined the streets along the path with visible news personalities in the news trucks. Police escorts and other security personnel, among them including the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">LAPD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Sheriff%27s_Department" title="Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department">LASD</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Highway_Patrol" title="California Highway Patrol">CHP</a>, and NASA officials, controlled the large crowds gathered, with support from the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Fire_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles City Fire Department">LAFD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Fire_Department" title="Los Angeles County Fire Department">LACoFD</a> to treat heat exhaustion victims as <i>Endeavour</i> made its way through the city.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i> was sometimes parked for a few hours at certain places, such as <a href="/wiki/Randy%27s_Donuts" title="Randy's Donuts">Randy's Donuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kia_Forum" title="Kia Forum">The Forum</a> where it was available for viewing.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-casc_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casc-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavour_at_Randy%27s_Donuts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The Randy's Donuts sign alongside Space Shuttle Endeavour as it is ferried through the streets of Los Angeles on Friday, October 12, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Endeavour</i>'s biggest part of the journey was crossing the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_42" title="California State Route 42">Manchester Boulevard</a> Bridge over <a href="/wiki/Interstate_405_(California)" title="Interstate 405 (California)">Interstate 405</a>. However, due to weight restrictions of the bridge, the shuttle was moved from the robotic transporters to a lighter non-powered dolly and was towed across the bridge by an unmodified <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tundra" title="Toyota Tundra">Toyota Tundra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once it had completely crossed the bridge, the shuttle was then returned to the robotic transporters to continue its course. <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> used the footage of <i>Endeavour</i> crossing the bridge in a commercial for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII" title="Super Bowl XLVII">2013 Super Bowl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Tundra used to pull the shuttle was donated to the Science Center, where it became part of an exhibit on leverage.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having taken longer than expected, <i>Endeavour</i> reached the Science Center on October 14 at 7:30pm.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to its arrival, a building was constructed on the side of the museum to temporary house the Space Shuttle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Space Shuttle's entire journey through the streets of Los Angeles was often dubbed as <i>Mission 26: The Big Endeavour</i>, a nod to its 25 space missions during its career.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California_Science_Center">California Science Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: California Science Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg/220px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg/330px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg/440px-Space_Shuttle_Endeavor_at_the_California_Science_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i> in the temporary Samuel Oschin Pavilion (February 2023)</figcaption></figure><p>On October 30, 2012, the Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> was opened to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-casc_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casc-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shuttle was display inside the temporary <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Oschin" title="Samuel Oschin">Samuel Oschin</a> Pavilion,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where guests offered to not only walk around Endeavour, but also under it, as the vehicle was displayed in the horizontal atop four friction-pendulum <a href="/wiki/Seismic_base_isolation" title="Seismic base isolation">seismic isolators</a> to protect it from earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-casc_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casc-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shuttle remained inside the temporary pavilion until December 31, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A companion exhibit inside the Science Center features images and artifacts that related the Space Shuttle program to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, where the orbiters were originally constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After its decommissioning, <i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a> (formally the 'Shuttle Remote Manipulator System') was removed in order to be sent to the Canadian Space Agency's <a href="/wiki/John_H._Chapman_Space_Centre" title="John H. Chapman Space Centre">John H. Chapman Space Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, a suburb of Montreal, where it was to be placed on display.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a Canadian poll on which science or aerospace museum should be selected to display the Canadarm, originally built by <a href="/wiki/Spar_Aerospace" title="Spar Aerospace">SPAR Aerospace</a>, the Canadian Space Agency's headquarters placed third to last with only 35 out of 638 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Canadarm has since gone on permanent display at the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Aviation_and_Space_Museum" title="Canada Aviation and Space Museum">Canada Aviation and Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2015, NASA engineers removed a few of the tanks from <i>Endeavour</i> for reuse as storage containers for potable water on the International Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 28, 2015, NASA donated the ET-94 <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">external tank</a>, the last mission-ready one in existence as all others were destroyed during launch. On April 12, 2016, the tank was transported by barge from the <a href="/wiki/Michoud_Assembly_Facility" title="Michoud Assembly Facility">Michoud Assembly Facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, and was safely docked in <a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Rey,_California" title="Marina del Rey, California">Marina del Rey</a> on May 15.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tank was delivered to the Science Center on May 21. It was displayed outside the Samuel Oschin Pavilion until 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ET-94toCSS_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-94toCSS-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 28, 2017, both <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> and NASA donated a pair of flight-proven <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid rocket boosters</a> for <i>Endeavour</i> exhibit. <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rocket parts were delivered on September 11, 2020, and was temporarily stored in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave Air and Space Port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> until construction begins.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center">Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Construction_of_a_viewing_gallery_around_Space_Shuttle_Endeavour,_its_external_tank,_and_solid_rocket_boosters_at_Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center,_Los_Angeles,_California,_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Construction_of_a_viewing_gallery_around_Space_Shuttle_Endeavour%2C_its_external_tank%2C_and_solid_rocket_boosters_at_Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California%2C_US.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Construction_of_a_viewing_gallery_around_Space_Shuttle_Endeavour%2C_its_external_tank%2C_and_solid_rocket_boosters_at_Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California%2C_US.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Construction_of_a_viewing_gallery_around_Space_Shuttle_Endeavour%2C_its_external_tank%2C_and_solid_rocket_boosters_at_Samuel_Oschin_Air_and_Space_Center%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_California%2C_US.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Final preparations for joining <i>Endeavour</i> to its fuel tank and boosters, January 29, 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center</i>, is a new building that is under construction, will serve as <i>Endeavour's</i> new permanent home. The Space Shuttle will be in a 20-story-tall display mounted on with the ET-94 tank, and solid rocket boosters, as it looks like its were about to make one more flight. Once finished, it will be the only Space Shuttle mounted vertically in <a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">launch position</a>. </p><p>Originally slated to open in 2015, construction on the new building started on June 1, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the ET-94 tank underwent some restoration after being used to analyze the foam on its sister tank, ET-93, which was a factor during the <a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a> mission, which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">Columbia disaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 20, 2023, the assembly of the stack began with the aft skirts (bottom segments of the rocket boosters) being precisely positioned on a concrete slab supported by six <a href="/wiki/Seismic_base_isolation" title="Seismic base isolation">base isolators</a> that will protect <i>Endeavour</i> from earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motors for the rocket boosters were installed on October 11, which was in storage at the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Air_and_Space_Port" title="Mojave Air and Space Port">Mojave Air and Space Port</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rocket boosters was fully assembled when the tops were added on December 5.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 3, 2024, <i>Endeavour</i> was protected in a shrink wrap, likely to stay on until construction is complete.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ET-94 tank was then moved into its position in January 16 and was mounted to the rocket boosters.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 30, the Space Shuttle was then moved into its position, thus completing the stack. Once all components are mounted into place, construction on the building continues, as it will be built a complex <a href="/wiki/Diagrid" title="Diagrid">diagrid</a> structure around it. Construction work on the building is scheduled to be completed in mid-2025. It will take several more years to install the artifacts and exhibits inside the building.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An official grand opening is not yet announced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_(iss063e021463).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg/240px-The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg/360px-The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg/480px-The_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_approaches_the_International_Space_Station_%28iss063e021463%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Crew Dragon C206 <i>Endeavour</i></a> was named by <a href="/wiki/Doug_Hurley" title="Doug Hurley">Doug Hurley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Bob Behnken</a> as a tribute to the Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i>.</figcaption></figure><p>Following their May 30, 2020, launch on board the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2" title="Crew Dragon Demo-2">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a> vehicle, the crew announced in orbit that they had named their spacecraft <i><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour" title="Crew Dragon Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i>. Astronauts <a href="/wiki/Bob_Behnken" title="Bob Behnken">Bob Behnken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doug_Hurley" title="Doug Hurley">Doug Hurley</a> said the name has a dual meaning: first, after the "incredible endeavor" put forth by SpaceX and NASA after the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">retirement of the Space Shuttle fleet in 2011</a>; and second, because both Hurley and Behnken each flew their first flight aboard the shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> (Behnken on <a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a>, Hurley on <a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a>) and wanted to name this new spacecraft after the one that took each of them into space.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shuttle appeared in the 2022 films <i><a href="/wiki/Moonfall_(film)" title="Moonfall (film)">Moonfall</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head_Do_the_Universe" title="Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe">Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe</a></i>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replica">Replica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Replica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A replica of a section of <i>Endeavour</i> is on exhibit outside the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Cube_Orange_County" title="Discovery Cube Orange County">Discovery Cube Orange County</a>, a science museum in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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of human spaceflights">List of human spaceflights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">List of Space Shuttle crews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">List of Space Shuttle missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Space Shuttle missions">Timeline of Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Endeavour&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space_Shuttle_Endeavour" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Space Shuttle Endeavour">Space Shuttle Endeavour</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/missions.html">Mission Summary Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/endeavour.html">NASA—Shuttle Orbiter <i>Endeavour</i> (OV-105) homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501130312/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/endeavour.html">Archived</a> May 1, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.californiasciencecenter.org/Exhibits/AirAndSpace/endeavour/endeavour.php">California Science Center: Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> homepage</a>—final home in Exposition Park, Los Angeles</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216105433/http://endeavour.stickrboo.com/">Stickrboo.com: <i>Endeavour</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104805/http://freeimagehosting.nl/pics/55a233f4db632329f663f3eb7e837999.jpg"><i>Endeavour</i> during STS-126 mission</a>—MPLM visible in Payload Bay</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006143127/http://img15.imageshack.us/img15/7600/sts12720090717222305new.jpg">Image of Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i> docked to ISS during STS-127</a>—created using a telescope mounted camera by astrophotographer <a href="/wiki/Ralf_Vandebergh" title="Ralf Vandebergh">Ralf Vandebergh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130221204811/http://nasatech.net/ntTREndeavour_PAGE.html">Transition & Retirement Processing in OPF-2</a> — over, under, around and through <i>Endeavour</i> with high-resolution spherical panoramas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002632/http://www.exploration-space.com/16-apr-2007-nasa.html">Consolidated Launch Manifest (2007)</a>—Space Shuttle Flights and ISS Assembly Sequence</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timelines.latimes.com/endeavours-trek-through-la">Endeavour's trek through L.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. TX-116-C, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/tx1109/">Space Transportation System, Orbiter Endeavour (OV-105), Lyndon B. 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Space Shuttle <i>Endeavour</i></a> (OV-105)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top;">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-49" title="STS-49">STS-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-47" title="STS-47">STS-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-54" title="STS-54">STS-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-57" title="STS-57">STS-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-61" title="STS-61">STS-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-59" title="STS-59">STS-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-68" title="STS-68">STS-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-67" title="STS-67">STS-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-69" title="STS-69">STS-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-72" title="STS-72">STS-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-77" title="STS-77">STS-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-89" title="STS-89">STS-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-88" title="STS-88">STS-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-99" title="STS-99">STS-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-97" title="STS-97">STS-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-100" title="STS-100">STS-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-108" title="STS-108">STS-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-118" title="STS-118">STS-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-123" title="STS-123">STS-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-126" title="STS-126">STS-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-127" title="STS-127">STS-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-130" title="STS-130">STS-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-134" title="STS-134">STS-134</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-STS-123_Dextre%26Kibo_ELM-PS_in_orbit_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top;">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Retired</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top;">On display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_Shuttle_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_Shuttle" title="Template:Space Shuttle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Shuttle" title="Template talk:Space Shuttle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">List of missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">List of crews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Solid Rocket Booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">External tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-25" title="RS-25">Main engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Maneuvering_System" title="Orbital Maneuvering System">Orbital Maneuvering System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">Reaction control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_thermal_protection_system" title="Space Shuttle thermal protection system">Thermal protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_separation_motor" title="Booster separation motor">Booster separation motor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis"><i>Atlantis</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Endeavour</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Add-ons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> <small>(ESA)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadarm" title="Canadarm">Canadarm</a> <small>(CSA)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">Extended Duration Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx#Remote_Control_Orbiter" title="STS-3xx">Remote Controlled Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacehab" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacehab">Spacehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_Space_Launch_Complex_6#Space_Shuttle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 6">Space Launch Complex 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_landing_sites" title="List of Space Shuttle landing sites">Landing sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">Shuttle Landing Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_abort_modes#Emergency_landing_sites" title="Space Shuttle abort modes">Abort landing sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations<br />and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Missions</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Canceled_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="Canceled Space Shuttle missions">canceled</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Crews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Space Shuttle missions">Mission timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_rollbacks" title="List of Space Shuttle rollbacks">Rollbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_abort_modes" title="Space Shuttle abort modes">Abort modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_pitch_maneuver" title="Rendezvous pitch maneuver">Rendezvous pitch maneuver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Mission_Simulator" title="Shuttle Mission Simulator">Shuttle Mission Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Training_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Training Aircraft">Shuttle Training Aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Inspiration" title="Space Shuttle Inspiration"><i>Inspiration</i> <small>(design)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder"><i>Pathfinder</i> <small>(simulator)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Main_Propulsion_Test_Article" title="Space Shuttle Main Propulsion Test Article">MPTA <small>(engine test article)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster"><i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">report</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster"><i>Columbia</i> disaster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">report</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate-Demate_Device" title="Mate-Demate Device">Mate-Demate Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_launcher_platform#Apollo_and_Space_Shuttle" title="Mobile launcher platform">Mobile Launcher Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_recovery_ship" title="NASA recovery ship">NASA recovery ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiter_Processing_Facility" title="Orbiter Processing Facility">Orbiter Processing Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Avionics_Integration_Laboratory" title="Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory">Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">Shuttle Carrier Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft_flights" title="List of Shuttle Carrier Aircraft flights">flights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Training_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Training Aircraft">Shuttle Training Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-3xx" title="STS-3xx">STS-3xx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STS-61-A" title="STS-61-A">Deutschland-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getaway_Special" title="Getaway Special">Getaway Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalist_in_Space_Project" title="Journalist in Space Project">Journalist in Space Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_in_Space_Project" title="Teacher in Space Project">Teacher in Space Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit" title="Extravehicular Mobility Unit">Extravehicular Mobility Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Ejection_Escape_Suit" title="Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit">Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Entry_Suit" title="Launch Entry Suit">Launch Entry Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Crew_Escape_Suit" title="Advanced Crew Escape Suit">Advanced Crew Escape Suit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestar_experiment" title="Freestar experiment">Freestar experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflatable_Antenna_Experiment" title="Inflatable Antenna Experiment">Inflatable Antenna Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Packet_Radio_Experiment" title="Spartan Packet Radio Experiment">Spartan Packet Radio Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_pallet_satellite" title="Shuttle pallet satellite">Shuttle pallet satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Shield_Facility" title="Wake Shield Facility">Wake Shield Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Derived_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Derived Vehicle">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn-Shuttle" title="Saturn-Shuttle">Saturn-Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_(rocket)" title="Magnum (rocket)">Magnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Derived_Heavy_Lift_Launch_Vehicle" title="Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle">Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (rocket family)">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-C" title="Shuttle-C">Shuttle-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Centaur" title="Shuttle-Centaur">Shuttle-Centaur</a></li> <li>Ares <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ares IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(rocket)" title="Liberty (rocket)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmegA" title="OmegA">OmegA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Replicas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Independence" title="Space Shuttle Independence"><i>Independence</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_design_process" title="Space Shuttle design process">Space Shuttle design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Studied_Space_Shuttle_designs" title="Studied Space Shuttle designs">studied designs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_Upper_Stage" title="Inertial Upper Stage">Inertial Upper Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payload_Assist_Module" title="Payload Assist Module">Payload Assist Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Space_Shuttle_program" title="Criticism of the Space Shuttle program">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_retirement" title="Space Shuttle retirement">Retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conroy_Virtus" title="Conroy Virtus">Conroy Virtus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hail_Columbia_(film)" title="Hail Columbia (film)">Hail Columbia</a></i> (1982 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Is_Alive" title="The Dream Is Alive">The Dream Is Alive</a></i> (1985 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger_(1990_film)" title="Challenger (1990 film)">Challenger</a></i> (1990 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_in_Space" title="Destiny in Space">Destiny in Space</a></i> (1994 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbia:_The_Tragic_Loss" title="Columbia: The Tragic Loss">Columbia: The Tragic Loss</a></i> (2004 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Challenger_Disaster" title="The Challenger Disaster">The Challenger Disaster</a></i> (2013 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenger:_The_Final_Flight" title="Challenger: The Final Flight">Challenger: The Final Flight</a></i> (2020 documentary miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_America" title="Space Shuttle America">Space Shuttle America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous:_A_Space_Shuttle_Simulation" title="Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation">Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Project" title="Space Shuttle Project">Space Shuttle Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(video_game)" title="Shuttle (video game)">Shuttle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle:_A_Journey_into_Space" title="Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space">Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Mission_2007" title="Space Shuttle Mission 2007">Space Shuttle Mission 2007</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiter_(simulator)" title="Orbiter (simulator)"><i>Orbiter Space Flight Simulator</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_We_Left_Earth:_The_NASA_Missions" title="When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions">When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.flightgear.org/Space%20Shuttle">Flightgear Space Shuttle realistic simulation </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_Shuttle_and_Buran-class_orbiters" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_Shuttles" title="Template:Space Shuttles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_Shuttles" title="Template talk:Space Shuttles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_Shuttles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space Shuttles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_Shuttle_and_Buran-class_orbiters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Space Shuttle and <i>Buran</i>-class orbiters</div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg/65px-Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg/98px-Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg/130px-Space_Shuttle_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="2771" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;text-align: left;">United States <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> (<a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">orbiters</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;text-align: left;">Soviet/Russian <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran programme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buran_programme#Vehicles" title="Buran programme">orbiters</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i> <small>(OV-099, <b><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">destroyed in 1986</a></b>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i> <small>(OV-101, atmospheric tests, retired in 1979)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i> <small>(OV-102, <b><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">destroyed in 2003</a></b>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Discovery</a></i> <small>(OV-103, retired in 2011)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Atlantis</a></i> <small>(OV-104, retired in 2011)</small></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endeavour</a></i> <small>(OV-105, retired in 2011)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder">Pathfinder</a></i> <small>(OV-098, ground tests)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OK-GLI" title="OK-GLI">OK-GLI</a> <small>(BTS-02, atmospheric tests)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" title="Buran (spacecraft)">Buran</a></i> <small>(1.01, <b>destroyed in 2002</b>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ptichka" title="Ptichka">Ptichka</a></i> <small>(1.02, 95–97% completed)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.01_(Buran-class_spacecraft)" title="2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)">2.01</a> <small>(incomplete)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.02_(Buran-class_spacecraft)" title="2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft)">2.02</a> <small>(partially dismantled)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.03_(Buran-class_spacecraft)" title="2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft)">2.03</a> <small>(dismantled)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CCCP_Buran.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CCCP_Buran.png/65px-CCCP_Buran.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CCCP_Buran.png/98px-CCCP_Buran.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CCCP_Buran.png/130px-CCCP_Buran.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="1219" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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