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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>NASA career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-NASA_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle NASA career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-NASA_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Project_Gemini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Gemini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Project Gemini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Gemini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project_Apollo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project_Apollo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Project Apollo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project_Apollo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-NASA_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-NASA_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-NASA career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-NASA_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tributes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Explanatory footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James McDivitt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="جيمس ماكديفيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس ماكديفيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Джеймс Макдивит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Макдивит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جیمز مک‌دیویت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز مک‌دیویت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ջեյմս Մաքդիվիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Մաքդիվիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="ג'יימס מקדיוויט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס מקדיוויט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Makdivits" title="Džeimss Makdivits – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Makdivits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="جيمس ماكديفيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس ماكديفيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ジェームズ・マクディビット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・マクディビット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Макдивитт, Джеймс Олтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макдивитт, Джеймс Олтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Alton_McDivitt" title="James Alton McDivitt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Alton McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Џејмс Макдивит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Макдивит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._McDivitt" title="James A. McDivitt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James A. McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James McDivitt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82" title="Джеймс Макдівітт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Макдівітт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9" title="詹姆斯·麦克迪维特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·麦克迪维特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q364476#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American astronaut (1929–2022)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James McDivitt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JamesMcDivitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/JamesMcDivitt.jpg/220px-JamesMcDivitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/JamesMcDivitt.jpg/330px-JamesMcDivitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/JamesMcDivitt.jpg/440px-JamesMcDivitt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3262" data-file-height="4078" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">McDivitt in 1971</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Alton McDivitt Jr.</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-06-10</span>)</span>June 10, 1929<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 13, 2022<span style="display:none">(2022-10-13)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_College" title="Jackson College">Jackson College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Patricia Ann Haas</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1956, divorced)<wbr /></div><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Judith Ann Odell</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1985)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> (4)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Distinguished Service Medal">Air Force Distinguished Service Medal</a> (2)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</a> (5)</li><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="NASA Distinguished Service Medal">NASA Distinguished Service Medal</a> (2)</li><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Exceptional_Service_Medal" title="NASA Exceptional Service Medal">NASA Exceptional Service Medal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><b>Space career</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header role"><a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time in space</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14d 2h 56m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Selection</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_selection#1962" class="mw-redirect" title="List of astronauts by selection">NASA Group 2 (1962)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Missions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mission insignia</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini-4-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gemini-4-logo.png/55px-Gemini-4-logo.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gemini-4-logo.png/83px-Gemini-4-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gemini-4-logo.png/110px-Gemini-4-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo-9-patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Apollo-9-patch.png/50px-Apollo-9-patch.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Apollo-9-patch.png/75px-Apollo-9-patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Apollo-9-patch.png/100px-Apollo-9-patch.png 2x" data-file-width="5590" data-file-height="5614" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retirement</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1972</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Alton McDivitt Jr.</b> (June 10, 1929 – October 13, 2022) was an American <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) pilot, <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical engineer">aeronautical engineer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NASA_astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA astronaut">NASA astronaut</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo programs</a>. He joined the USAF in 1951 and flew 145 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">combat missions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. In 1959, after graduating first in his class with a Bachelor of Science degree in <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical Engineering">Aeronautical Engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> through the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a> (AFIT) program, he qualified as a test pilot at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School">Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School</a> (Class 59C) and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Research_Pilot_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace Research Pilot School">Aerospace Research Pilot School</a> (Class I), and joined the Manned Spacecraft Operations Branch. By September 1962, McDivitt had logged over 2,500 flight hours, of which more than 2,000 hours were in <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>. This included flying as a <a href="/wiki/Chase_plane" title="Chase plane">chase pilot</a> for <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._White" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. White">Robert M. White</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a> flight on July 17, 1962, in which White reached an altitude of 59.5 miles (95.8 km) and became the first X-15 pilot to be awarded <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Wings" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Wings">Astronaut Wings</a>. </p><p>In 1962, McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Group_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Group 2">Astronaut Group 2</a>. He commanded the <a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a> mission, during which <a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a> performed the first U.S. <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">spacewalk</a>, and later the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a> flight, which was the first crewed flight test of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a> and the complete set of Apollo flight hardware. He later became the manager of lunar landing operations and was the Apollo spacecraft program manager from 1969 to 1972. In June 1972 he left NASA and retired from the USAF with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Alton McDivitt Jr. was born on June 10, 1929, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, the son of Margaret Mary (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Maxwell; 1903–1994) and James Alton McDivitt Sr. (1901–1982).<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Scouts_BSA_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scouts BSA (Boy Scouts of America)">Boy Scout</a> and earned the rank of <a href="/wiki/Tenderfoot_Scout" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenderfoot Scout">Tenderfoot Scout</a>, now the second rank in Scouting (although the first rank at the time).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo, Michigan</a> and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Central_High_School" title="Kalamazoo Central High School">Kalamazoo Central High School</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then worked for a year to earn enough money to attend <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior college</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed two years at Jackson Junior College (now known as <a href="/wiki/Jackson_College" title="Jackson College">Jackson College</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson, Michigan</a>, from 1948 to 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg/220px-Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg/330px-Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg/440px-Astronaut_James_A._McDivitt_in_Air_Force_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6541" data-file-height="8176" /></a><figcaption>James McDivitt in his Air Force uniform as a <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1951, McDivitt joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> had commenced, and his deferment from the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a> expired when he graduated from Jackson Junior College. Rather than wait and be drafted by the Army, he elected to enlist in the USAF as a <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)#United_States" title="Private (rank)">private</a>, and applied for pilot training under the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Cadet_Training_Program_(USAAF)#Aviation_Cadet_Training_(USAF),_1947_-_1961/1965" title="Aviation Cadet Training Program (USAAF)">aviation cadet training program</a>. He performed well in training, and was the first in his class to make a <a href="/wiki/First_solo_flight" title="First solo flight">solo flight</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received his <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating" title="U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating">pilot wings</a> and regular commission as a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> in the USAF in May 1952 at <a href="/wiki/Williams_Air_Force_Base" title="Williams Air Force Base">Williams Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and completed combat crew training in November 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He flew 145 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">combat missions</a> in Korea in <a href="/wiki/F-80_Shooting_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="F-80 Shooting Star">F-80 Shooting Stars</a> and <a href="/wiki/F-86_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="F-86 Sabre">F-86 Sabres</a> with the <a href="/wiki/35th_Fighter-Bomber_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Fighter-Bomber Squadron">35th Fighter-Bomber Squadron</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and earned two <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Crosses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-valor_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last mission was flown two hours after the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a> was signed.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McDivitt returned to the United States in September 1953 and served as pilot and assistant operations officer with the 19th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at <a href="/wiki/Dow_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Dow Air Force Base">Dow Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. In November 1954, he entered advanced flying school at <a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Air_Force_Base" title="Tyndall Air Force Base">Tyndall Air Force Base</a>, Florida, and in July 1955 went to <a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">McGuire Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, where he served as pilot, operations officer, and later as flight commander with the <a href="/wiki/332d_Fighter-Interceptor_Squadron" title="332d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron">332d Fighter Interceptor Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usaf_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usaf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1957, he entered the University of Michigan under the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a> (AFIT) program, and received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical engineering">aeronautical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, where he graduated first in his class in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduation, he went to <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>, California, as a student test pilot in June 1959. He remained there with the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Test_Center" title="Air Force Test Center">Air Force Flight Test Center</a> as an experimental flight <a href="/wiki/Test_pilot" title="Test pilot">test pilot</a>, completed the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School">Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School</a> (Class 59C) and <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Research_Pilot_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace Research Pilot School">Aerospace Research Pilot School</a> (Class I), and joined the Manned Spacecraft Operations Branch in July 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013152-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September, McDivitt had logged over 2,500 flight hours, of which more than 2,000 hours was in <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roundup_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roundup-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included flying as a <a href="/wiki/Chase_plane" title="Chase plane">chase pilot</a> for <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._White" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. White">Robert M. White</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">North American X-15</a> flight on July 17, 1962, in which White reached an altitude of 59.5 miles (95.8 km) and became the first X-15 pilot to be awarded <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Wings" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Wings">Astronaut Wings</a> based on the USAF <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line" title="Kármán line">definition of space</a> as starting at 50 miles (80 km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans201394–95_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans201394–95-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDivitt was in line to fly the X-15 when White left, and to head the project office for testing the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">McDonnell F-4 Phantom II</a>, but he heard that <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> was looking to select a second group of astronauts to augment the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury Seven</a>, and, after some thought, he decided to apply.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NASA_career">NASA career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: NASA career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Gemini">Project Gemini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Project Gemini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a></div> <p>McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962 as part of <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Group_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Group 2">Astronaut Group 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 29, 1964, it was announced that he had been chosen as command pilot of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010223,_239_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010223,_239-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the first U.S. astronaut to command a crew on his first spaceflight. Only two other <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a> astronauts from this group commanded their first flights: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gemini_7" title="Gemini 7">Gemini 7</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gemini_8" title="Gemini 8">Gemini 8</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief of the Astronaut Office</a>, Mercury Seven astronaut <a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a>, selected <a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a> as his pilot because the two men knew each other well, having attended the University of Michigan and test pilot school together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994137–138_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994137–138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission objectives were ill-defined at first, but consideration was given to performing <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> (EVA), <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">space rendezvous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orbital_station-keeping" title="Orbital station-keeping">orbital station-keeping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994137–138_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994137–138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knowing that EVA (sometimes called a "spacewalk") was a possibility, McDivitt pressed for it to be included in the mission. As a result, NASA management agreed to ensure that the <a href="/wiki/Gemini_space_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini space suit">Gemini space suit</a> for the mission was capable of being used for EVA. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Kleinknecht" title="Kenneth S. Kleinknecht">Kenneth S. Kleinknecht</a> told the July 1964 press conference that announced the mission that one of the crew might open the hatch and stick his head outside, but this attracted little attention. On March 18, 1965, <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Leonov" title="Alexei Leonov">Alexei Leonov</a> became the first man to perform an EVA, on the <a href="/wiki/Voskhod_2" title="Voskhod 2">Voskhod 2</a> mission, but not until May 25 was EVA approved for Gemini 4 by <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">NASA administrator</a> <a href="/wiki/James_E._Webb" title="James E. Webb">James E. Webb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010240–242_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010240–242-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg/220px-The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg/330px-The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg/440px-The_families_of_Gemini_4_astronauts_in_Mission_Control_in_Houston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4354" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption>Patricia McDivitt (right) visits Mission Control in Houston during the <a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a> mission.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gemini 4 was launched on June 3, 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood201024_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood201024-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission lasted 97 hours and 56 minutes, and made 62 orbits,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010524–525_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010524–525-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first objective was to attempt the first space rendezvous with the spacecraft's spent <a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">Titan II</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a>'s upper stage. This was not successful; McDivitt was unable to get closer than what he estimated to be 200 feet (61 m). Several factors worked against him. There were depth-perception problems (his and White's visual estimates of the distance differed, variously longer or shorter than each other at different times). The <a href="/wiki/Orbital_mechanics" title="Orbital mechanics">orbital mechanics</a> of rendezvous were not yet well understood by NASA engineers or astronauts; catching up to something requires slowing down. Also, the stage was venting its remaining propellant, which kept pushing it around in different directions relative to the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010246–248_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010246–248-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McDivitt finally broke off the rendezvous attempt in order to save propellant and preserve the second objective, which was for White to perform the first United States EVA. McDivitt controlled the capsule's attitude and photographed White during the "walk". The hatch on Gemini 4, through which White exited to make his walk, was prone to problems with the latch mechanism gears coming unmeshed, making it difficult to open and re-latch the hatch. McDivitt had spent some time before the flight with a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell">McDonnell</a> engineer, improvising a technique of forcing the gears to mesh by inserting the fingers inside the mechanism. The hatch was difficult to open and also to relatch during the flight, but McDivitt was able to get it working both times, with his hands in his pressurized space suit gloves. If he had not been able to get the hatch latched after the spacewalk, both men would have most likely not survived re-entry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010248–250_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010248–250-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg/220px-Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg/330px-Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg/440px-Gemini-Titan_4_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="1819" /></a><figcaption>McDivitt (right) and White in their space suits for the Gemini 4 mission</figcaption></figure> <p>On the second day, over Hawaii, while White was asleep, McDivitt happened to see an <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">unidentified flying object</a> (UFO), which he described as looking "like a beer can or a pop can, and with a little thing like maybe like a pencil or something sticking out of it".<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took a few photographs of it, but did not have time to properly set exposure or focus properly. He believes that since it was visible to him, it must have been in an orbit close to that of his spacecraft, probably a piece of ice or <a href="/wiki/Multi-layer_insulation" title="Multi-layer insulation">multi-layer insulation</a> that had broken off. Word of the "UFO photos" reached the press by the time the flight splashed down, and one eager reporter waited for the Gemini 4 photos to be processed. He found one with a cluster of three or four images that looked like disc-shaped objects with tails, which became known as the "tadpole" photo. McDivitt has identified these as reflections of bolts in the multipaned windows.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mercury Seven astronaut <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a> wrote in his memoirs that it is the only officially reported account of a UFO in any of the Mercury, Gemini or Apollo missions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooperHenderson200087_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooperHenderson200087-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission ran into trouble in its final stages when there was a computer failure. Deviating from the flight plan, <a href="/wiki/Flight_controller" title="Flight controller">flight controller</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Kraft">Chris Kraft</a> ordered McDivitt to perform a rolling <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_entry" title="Atmospheric entry">atmospheric entry</a> like the Mercury astronauts had used rather than the lifting bank angle entry that the computer had been intended to help them achieve. On the way down, McDivitt struggled with a stuck thruster, but eventually slowed and ultimately halted the roll rate. The spacecraft overshot its landing point by 80 kilometres (50 mi), but the astronauts were soon reached by the recovery ship, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Wasp_(CV-18)" title="USS Wasp (CV-18)">USS <i>Wasp</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oral_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010252–253_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010252–253-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The astronauts found that they were now celebrities. President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> came to <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> to congratulate them,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010252–253_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010252–253-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he promoted them to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that week they traveled to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> where Johnson presented them with the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Exceptional_Service_Medal" title="NASA Exceptional Service Medal">NASA Exceptional Service Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were given a <a href="/wiki/Ticker_tape_parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticker tape parade">ticker tape parade</a> in Chicago, and went to the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a>, where they met cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010253–254_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackerGrimwood2010253–254-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Apollo">Project Apollo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Project Apollo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></div> <p>On March 21, 1966, NASA announced that McDivitt would be the <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">commander</a> (CDR) of the backup crew of the first crewed <a href="/wiki/Project_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Apollo">Project Apollo</a> mission, known as AS-204. The other members of his crew were <a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Group_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Group 3">Astronaut Group 3</a> astronauts <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart" title="Rusty Schweickart">Rusty Schweickart</a>. The prime crew was commanded by Mercury Seven astronaut <a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a>, with Ed White and rookie Group 3 astronaut <a href="/wiki/Roger_Chaffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Chaffee">Roger Chaffee</a>. Their mission was to test the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Apollo command and service module</a> (CSM) in Earth orbit. By December 1966, hopes that the Apollo spacecraft would be ready to fly in 1966 were fading fast, and NASA announced on December 22 that they were replaced as backups for AS-204 by <a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Wally Schirra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donn_Eisele" class="mw-redirect" title="Donn Eisele">Donn Eisele</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Cunningham" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Cunningham">Walt Cunningham</a>, the crew of the original second mission, which was canceled. McDivitt's crew became the prime crew of a new second mission flying both the CSM and the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> (LM). The <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket was not expected to be available, so the mission would be flown with two <a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">Saturn IB</a> rockets, one for the CSM and one for the LM. This mission was called AS-205/208. Under the revised schedule, AS-204 would be flown in February 1967, followed by AS-205/208 in August. It was hoped that the Saturn V would be available by the end of the year, and it would be flown as a third mission with Borman as CDR and Group 3 astronauts <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Anders" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Anders">Bill Anders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979211–212,_261_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979211–212,_261-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979373–374_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979373–374-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg/220px-James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg/330px-James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg/440px-James_McDivitt_inside_Lunar_Module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4090" data-file-height="4090" /></a><figcaption>McDivitt inside Command Module <i>Gumdrop</i> during Apollo 9 mission</figcaption></figure> <p>McDivitt and his crew were training for this mission when disaster struck on January 27, 1967: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">a cabin fire</a> killed Grissom's crew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979214–217_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979214–217-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All crew assignments were canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979261_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979261-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congressional</a> hearings that followed, McDivitt expressed confidence in NASA's management and safety measures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979224_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979224-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Apollo 1 fire, plans resumed for McDivitt's crew to fly the Lunar Module mission as the second crewed flight. This was officially announced on November 20, 1967. By the summer of 1968, it was expected that the mission would now be flown as Apollo 8 in December with the Saturn V, which was now expected to be available, but it was increasingly clear that the lunar module would not be ready by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979262_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979262-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994214_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994214-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDivitt was summoned to Slayton's office. According to McDivitt: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By this time I'd been working on the Lunar Module with Dave and Rusty for a year and a half. I knew something was up when Deke called me in because, for one thing, I knew that the lunar module wasn't likely to be ready before January 1969. Deke explained the situation and said that he wanted me to stick with my original mission—which would now become <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a>. But he wasn't going to force me. It wasn't just a case where, since this C-Prime mission wouldn't carry a lunar module, NASA didn't want to throw away our training. Frank Borman and Bill Anders had been training on the lunar module too. I think it was that Rusty and I knew more about this particular lunar module than anyone else. So there was a certain logic to keeping us where we were. Over the years this story has grown to the point where people think I was offered the flight around the Moon but turned it down. Not quite. I believe that if I'd thrown myself on the floor and begged to fly the C-Prime mission, Deke would have let us have it. But it was never really offered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994215_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994215-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Apollo 9, McDivitt's ten-day Earth orbital Lunar Module test mission, lifted off on March 3, 1969. Because there were two spacecraft, two names were required. McDivitt's crew called their Lunar Module "Spider" and the command module "Gumdrop".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979292_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979292-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crew's first major orbital task was to separate the CSM from the <a href="/wiki/S-IVB" title="S-IVB">S-IVB</a> upper stage, turn around and then dock with the LM, which was on the end of the S-IVB, after which the combined spacecraft separated from the rocket. Scott docked the CSM with the LM, and the <a href="/wiki/Probe-and-drogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Probe-and-drogue">probe-and-drogue</a> docking assembly worked properly. After McDivitt and Schweickart inspected the tunnel connecting the CSM and LM, the assembled spacecraft separated from the S-IVB. The next task was to demonstrate that two docked spacecraft could be maneuvered with the one engine, the <a href="/wiki/Service_Propulsion_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Service Propulsion System">Service Propulsion System</a> (SPS). This was also successfully accomplished. The S-IVB was then fired again to send it into solar orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979293–295_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979293–295-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg/220px-Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg/330px-Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg/440px-Apollo_9_prime_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8131" data-file-height="6581" /></a><figcaption>The Apollo 9 crew, McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart. Apollo 8 is on the launch pad behind them.</figcaption></figure> <p>The next day McDivitt and Schweickart donned their space suits and entered the LM. This was the first time that astronauts had transferred from one spacecraft to another. They then tested the LM's propulsion systems. On the fourth day, Schweickart donned the <a href="/wiki/Primary_Life_Support_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Life Support System">Primary Life Support System</a>, the backpack that astronauts would later wear on lunar surface EVAs, and exited the LM. At the same time, Scott opened the door of the CSM, and the two astronauts took pictures of each other. The next day, Scott undocked, and McDivitt flew the LM, putting the spacecraft's descent engine through its paces. As with the CSM, the crew quickly gained confidence in the reliability and performance of their spacecraft. Finally, he used the LM's ascent engine to dock with the CSM once again. After 10 days during which it had made 151 orbits, Apollo 9 splashed safely down in the Atlantic, where it was retrieved by the <a href="/wiki/USS_Guadalcanal_(LPH-7)" title="USS Guadalcanal (LPH-7)">USS <i>Guadalcanal</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979293–295_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979293–295-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Apollo 9, McDivitt became Manager of Lunar Landing Operations in May 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and led a team that planned the lunar exploration program and redesigned the spacecraft to accomplish this task.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013153_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013153-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1969, he became Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program.<sup id="cite_ref-usaf_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usaf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, he was the program manager for <a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a> missions. He was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> on February 17, 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013153_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2013153-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the selection of <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a> to command the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> mission was announced, McDivitt confronted Kraft over not being consulted about it, and threatened to resign unless Cernan was removed. Kraft consulted with Slayton, who gave a less than frank account of a January 1971 helicopter accident that Cernan had been involved in, not revealing that Cernan had confessed to flying the helicopter into the water. Kraft then informed McDivitt that Cernan's selection stood, and McDivitt resigned, although he stayed on until the end of the Apollo 16 mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraft2001346–347_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraft2001346–347-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-NASA_career">Post-NASA career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-NASA career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JimMcDivittByPhilKonstantin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/JimMcDivittByPhilKonstantin.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="346" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Jim McDivitt, February 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>McDivitt retired from the USAF and left NASA in June 1972, to take the position of Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs for <a href="/wiki/Consumers_Power_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumers Power Company">Consumers Power Company</a>. In March 1975, he joined <a href="/wiki/Pullman_Company" title="Pullman Company">Pullman, Inc.</a> as Executive Vice President and a <a href="/wiki/Director_(business)" title="Director (business)">director</a>. In October 1975 he became President of the Pullman Standard Division.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1981 he joined <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a> where he was the Senior Vice President, Government Operations and International at the time of his retirement, Washington, D.C. He retired in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McDivitt was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Experimental_Test_Pilots" title="Society of Experimental Test Pilots">Society of Experimental Test Pilots</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics" title="American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tau_Beta_Pi" title="Tau Beta Pi">Tau Beta Pi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Phi" title="Phi Kappa Phi">Phi Kappa Phi</a>, Atlantic Council on Foreign Diplomacy, and Advisory Council-University of Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Columbus">Knight of Columbus</a>, and represented the Order at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_World_Congress_for_the_Lay_Apostolate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third World Congress for the Lay Apostolate (page does not exist)">Third World Congress for the Lay Apostolate</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/220px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/330px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/440px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2819" data-file-height="2198" /></a><figcaption>McDivitt (right) and White (3rd from right) shake hands with cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, the first human in space, at the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_Badge#U.S._Air_Force_astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronaut Badge">USAF Astronaut Badge</a><sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Two <a href="/wiki/NASA_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="NASA Distinguished Service Medal">NASA Distinguished Service Medals</a><sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Exceptional_Service_Medal" title="NASA Exceptional Service Medal">NASA Exceptional Service Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-johnson_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Two <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Distinguished Service Medal">Air Force Distinguished Service Medals</a><sup id="cite_ref-valor_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valor-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Four <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Crosses</a><sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Five <a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medals</a><sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Military Merit (Korea)">Order of Military Merit Chungmu Cordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>USAF Air Force Systems Command Aerospace Primus Award<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Air_Society" title="Arnold Air Society">Arnold Air Society</a>'s John F. Kennedy Trophy<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sword of Loyola<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Michigan Wolverine Frontiersman Award<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> in 1965<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Experimental_Test_Pilots" title="Society of Experimental Test Pilots">SETP</a> <a href="/wiki/Iven_C._Kincheloe_Award" title="Iven C. Kincheloe Award">Iven C. Kincheloe Award</a> in 1969<sup id="cite_ref-setp69_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-setp69-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Walk_of_Honor" title="Aerospace Walk of Honor">Aerospace Walk of Honor</a> in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inducted into the <a href="/wiki/International_Air_%26_Space_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Air & Space Hall of Fame">International Air & Space Hall of Fame</a> in 2012<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enshrined into the <a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Aviation Hall of Fame">National Aviation Hall of Fame</a> in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>McDivitt received honorary doctorate degrees in astronautical science by the University of Michigan in 1965,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Science degree">Doctor of Science degree</a> from <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a> in 1969, an Honorary Doctor of Science from <a href="/wiki/Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a> (Ohio) in 1970, and an Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Law" title="Doctor of Law">Doctor of Law degree</a> from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Michigan_University" title="Eastern Michigan University">Eastern Michigan University</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDivitt was one of ten Gemini astronauts inducted into the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Museum_of_Space_History" title="New Mexico Museum of Space History">International Space Hall of Fame</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-nmmuseum_46-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmmuseum-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDivitt, along with the other 12 Gemini astronauts, was inducted into the second <a href="/wiki/U.S._Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a> class in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1998 <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> <i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(miniseries)" title="From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)">From the Earth to the Moon</a></i> McDivitt was played by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conor_O%27Farrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conor O'Farrell (page does not exist)">Conor O'Farrell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McDivitt appeared as himself on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch" title="The Brady Bunch">The Brady Bunch</a></i> in a 1974 fifth-season episode about UFOs, "Out of This World", as a guest on a talk show to talk about his UFO experience. At the end of the talk show McDivitt signed autographs for the characters <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brady_(The_Brady_Bunch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Brady (The Brady Bunch)">Peter Brady</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Brady" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Brady">Bobby Brady</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributes">Tributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg/220px-All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg/330px-All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg/440px-All_Three_Astronauts_on_the_50th_Anniversary_of_Apollo_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3914" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart on the 50th anniversary of Apollo 9 in March 2019</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>McDivitt has a school named after him in <a href="/wiki/Old_Bridge,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bridge, New Jersey">Old Bridge, New Jersey</a>, the James A. McDivitt Elementary School.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>He also has a building, James McDivitt Hall, named after him, on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_College" title="Jackson College">Jackson College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson, Michigan</a>, where the now closed Michigan Space Center was once housed.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>McDivitt-White Plaza is located outside West Hall at the University of Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McDivitt married Patricia Ann Haas in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-roundup_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roundup-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they had four children: Michael, Ann Lynn, Patrick, and Kathleen.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Aviation_Hall_of_Fame-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They later divorced. He subsequently married Judith Ann Odell in 1985. He gained two stepchildren from Odell's previous marriage. His recreational interests included hunting, fishing, golf, <a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">water sports</a>, tennis, and all <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor activities">outdoor activities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McDivitt died in his sleep on October 13, 2022, in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>. He was 93 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Explanatory footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale" title="Fédération Aéronautique Internationale">FAI</a> sets the <a href="/wiki/Edge_of_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge of space">limit of space</a> at 100 kilometres (62 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Elliot_See" title="Elliot See">Elliot See</a> was slated to command the <a href="/wiki/Gemini_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini 9">Gemini 9</a> mission, but was killed in the <a href="/wiki/1966_NASA_T-38_crash" title="1966 NASA T-38 crash">crash of a T-38 jet</a> three months before the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994166–167_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlaytonCassutt1994166–167-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Gemini, the only "rookie" to command his first flight was <a href="/wiki/Gerald_P._Carr" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald P. Carr">Gerald Carr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skylab_4" title="Skylab 4">Skylab 4</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mcdivitt_james.pdf">"Biographical Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. December 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+Data&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Fmcdivitt_james.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astronaut.ru/as_usa/text/mcdivitt.htm">"James Alton McDivitt—Джеймс Олтон Макдивитт"</a>. <i>astronaut.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Correction%3A+Apollo+Astronaut+James+McDivitt+Dies+at+Age+93&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fcorrection-apollo-astronaut-james-mcdivitt-dies-at-age-93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrooksGrimwoodSwenson1979" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Courtney G.; Grimwood, James M.; Swenson, Loyd S. Jr. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151020095653/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/cover.html"><i>Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft</i></a>. The NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46756-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46756-6"><bdi>978-0-486-46756-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4664449">4664449</a>. NASA SP-4205. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/cover.html">the original</a> on October 20, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chariots+for+Apollo%3A+A+History+of+Manned+Lunar+Spacecraft&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=The+NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4664449&rft.isbn=978-0-486-46756-6&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Courtney+G.&rft.au=Grimwood%2C+James+M.&rft.au=Swenson%2C+Loyd+S.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-4205%2Fcover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Burgess_(author)" title="Colin Burgess (author)">Burgess, Colin</a> (2013). <i>Moon Bound: Choosing and Preparing NASA's Lunar Astronauts</i>. 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New York; London: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-3854-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-3854-0"><bdi>978-1-4614-3854-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/905162781">905162781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moon+Bound%3A+Choosing+and+Preparing+NASA%27s+Lunar+Astronauts&rft.place=New+York%3B+London&rft.series=Springer-Praxis+books+in+space+exploration&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F905162781&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-3854-0&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooperHenderson2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Cooper, Gordon</a>; Henderson, Bruce (2000). <i>Leap of Faith: An Astronaut's Journey Into the Unknown</i>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019416-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019416-1"><bdi>978-0-06-019416-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59538671">59538671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leap+of+Faith%3A+An+Astronaut%27s+Journey+Into+the+Unknown&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59538671&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019416-1&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans2013" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Michelle (2013). <i>The X-15 Rocket Plane: Flying the First Wings into Space</i>. 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(2010) [1977]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4203.pdf"><i>On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-067157-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-067157-9"><bdi>978-0-16-067157-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945144787">945144787</a>. NASA SP-4203<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Shoulders+of+Titans%3A+A+History+of+Project+Gemini&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=NASA+History+Division%2C+Office+of+Policy+and+Plans&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945144787&rft.isbn=978-0-16-067157-9&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Barton+C.&rft.au=Grimwood%2C+James+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKraft2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Kraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Kraft">Kraft, Christopher</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flight00chri"><i>Flight: My Life in Mission Control</i></a></span>. New York: Dutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-94571-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-94571-0"><bdi>978-0-525-94571-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44493448">44493448</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flight%3A+My+Life+in+Mission+Control&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44493448&rft.isbn=978-0-525-94571-0&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflight00chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSlaytonCassutt1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Slayton, Donald K.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cassutt" title="Michael Cassutt">Cassutt, Michael</a> (1994). <i>Deke! U.S. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle</i> (1st ed.). New York: Forge (St. Martin's Press). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-85503-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-85503-1"><bdi>978-0-312-85503-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29845663">29845663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deke%21+U.S.+Manned+Space%3A+From+Mercury+to+the+Shuttle&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Forge+%28St.+Martin%27s+Press%29&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29845663&rft.isbn=978-0-312-85503-1&rft.aulast=Slayton&rft.aufirst=Donald+K.&rft.au=Cassutt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+McDivitt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_McDivitt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James McDivitt">James McDivitt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalaviation.org/z-mcdivitt-jr-james-alton/">McDivitt's NAHF biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320062703/http://www.nationalaviation.org/z-mcdivitt-jr-james-alton/">Archived</a> March 20, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0973494/">James McDivitt</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/James+McDivitt">James McDivitt</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Group 2"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Group 2"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA Astronaut Group 2"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA_Astronaut_Group_2,_&quot;The_New_Nine,_The_Next_Nine,_The_Nifty_Nine&quot;,_1962204" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">NASA Astronaut Group 2, "The New Nine, The Next Nine, The Nifty Nine", 1962</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">NASA Astronaut Group 1</a> ← NASA Astronaut Group 2 → <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">NASA Astronaut Group 3</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Charles "Pete" Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McDivitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_See" title="Elliot See">Elliot See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" title="Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_Astronaut_Groups" 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href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_5" title="NASA Astronaut Group 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_6" title="NASA Astronaut Group 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_7" title="NASA Astronaut Group 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8" title="NASA Astronaut Group 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_9" title="NASA Astronaut Group 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_10" title="NASA Astronaut Group 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_11" title="NASA Astronaut Group 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_12" title="NASA Astronaut Group 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_13" title="NASA Astronaut Group 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_14" title="NASA Astronaut Group 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_15" title="NASA Astronaut Group 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_16" title="NASA Astronaut Group 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_17" title="NASA Astronaut Group 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_18" title="NASA Astronaut Group 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_19" title="NASA Astronaut Group 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_20" title="NASA Astronaut Group 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_24" title="NASA Astronaut Group 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Astronaut ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_astronauts" title="List of United States Marine Corps astronauts">List of United States Marine Corps astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Space_Force_astronauts" title="List of United States Space Force astronauts">List of United States Space Force astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Project_Gemini107" 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href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_1" title="Gemini 1">Gemini 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_2" title="Gemini 2">2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_3" title="Gemini 3">Gemini 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_5" title="Gemini 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_7" title="Gemini 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_6A" title="Gemini 6A">6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_8" title="Gemini 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_9A" title="Gemini 9A">9A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_10" title="Gemini 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_11" title="Gemini 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_12" title="Gemini 12">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeminiPatch.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gemini insignia"><img alt="Gemini insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GeminiPatch.png/100px-GeminiPatch.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GeminiPatch.png/150px-GeminiPatch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GeminiPatch.png/200px-GeminiPatch.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1195" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Astronauts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_3" title="Gemini 3">Gemini 3</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_4" title="Gemini 4">Gemini 4</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McDivitt</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_5" title="Gemini 5">Gemini 5</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Pete Conrad</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_7" title="Gemini 7">Gemini 7</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_6A" title="Gemini 6A">Gemini 6A</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Wally Schirra</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Tom Stafford</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_8" title="Gemini 8">Gemini 8</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_9A" title="Gemini 9A">Gemini 9A</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Tom Stafford</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_10" title="Gemini 10">Gemini 10</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_11" title="Gemini 11">Gemini 11</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Pete Conrad</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard Gordon</a> (pilot)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemini_12" title="Gemini 12">Gemini 12</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (command pilot), <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> (pilot)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_SC-2" title="Gemini SC-2">SC-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Attitude_and_Maneuvering_System" title="Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System">Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">Titan rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_Guidance_Computer" title="Gemini Guidance Computer">Gemini Guidance Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agena_target_vehicle" title="Agena target vehicle">Agena target vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_space_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemini space suit">Gemini space suit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 14">Launch Complex 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gemini" title="Advanced Gemini">Advanced Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Gemini" title="Blue Gemini">Blue Gemini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_Orbital_Development_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Orbital Development System">Military Orbital Development System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPS_0855" title="OPS 0855">OPS 0855</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gemini" title="Big Gemini">Big Gemini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bassett" title="Charles Bassett">Charles Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_See" title="Elliot See">Elliot See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_Docking_Simulator" title="Rendezvous Docking Simulator">Rendezvous Docking Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_NASA_T-38_crash" title="1966 NASA T-38 crash">1966 NASA T-38 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame54" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">United States Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Allen" title="Joseph P. Allen">Joseph P. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Altman" title="Scott Altman">Scott Altman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bean" title="Alan Bean">Alan Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Blaha" title="John E. Blaha">John E. Blaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guion_Bluford" title="Guion Bluford">Guion Bluford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_J._Bobko" title="Karol J. Bobko">Karol J. Bobko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bolden" title="Charles Bolden">Charles Bolden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Bowersox" title="Ken Bowersox">Ken Bowersox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_D._Brand" title="Vance D. Brand">Vance D. Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brandenstein" title="Daniel Brandenstein">Daniel Brandenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_D._Bridges_Jr." title="Roy D. Bridges Jr.">Roy Bridges Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Brown" title="Curtis Brown">Curtis Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchli" title="James Buchli">James Buchli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Cabana" title="Robert D. Cabana">Robert D. Cabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Carpenter" title="Scott Carpenter">Scott Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Carr_(astronaut)" title="Gerald Carr (astronaut)">Gerald Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Chaffee" title="Roger B. Chaffee">Roger B. Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Chang-D%C3%ADaz" title="Franklin Chang-Díaz">Franklin Chang-Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_P._Chilton" title="Kevin P. Chilton">Kevin P. Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Coats" title="Michael Coats">Michael Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Conrad" title="Pete Conrad">Pete Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">Gordon Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_O._Covey" title="Richard O. Covey">Richard O. Covey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crippen" title="Robert Crippen">Robert Crippen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._Culbertson_Jr." title="Frank L. Culbertson Jr.">Frank L. Culbertson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cunningham" title="Walter Cunningham">Walter Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Duffy_(astronaut)" title="Brian Duffy (astronaut)">Brian Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duke" title="Charles Duke">Charles Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar" title="Bonnie J. Dunbar">Bonnie J. Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn_F._Eisele" title="Donn F. Eisele">Donn F. Eisele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Evans_(astronaut)" title="Ronald Evans (astronaut)">Ronald Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ferguson" title="Christopher Ferguson">Christopher Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foale" title="Michael Foale">Michael Foale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton" title="C. Gordon Fullerton">C. Gordon Fullerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Garriott" title="Owen Garriott">Owen Garriott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibson" title="Edward Gibson">Edward Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Gibson" title="Robert L. Gibson">Robert L. Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard F. Gordon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Gregory" title="Frederick D. Gregory">Frederick D. Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Grunsfeld" title="John M. Grunsfeld">John M. Grunsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Haise" title="Fred Haise">Fred Haise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hartsfield" title="Henry Hartsfield">Henry Hartsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hauck" title="Frederick Hauck">Frederick Hauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Hawley" title="Steven Hawley">Steven Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Helms" title="Susan Helms">Susan Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Hilmers" title="David C. Hilmers">David C. Hilmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Hoffman" title="Jeffrey A. Hoffman">Jeffrey A. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Ivins" title="Marsha Ivins">Marsha Ivins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_David_Jones" title="Thomas David Jones">Thomas David Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_L._Kavandi" title="Janet L. Kavandi">Janet L. Kavandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kelly" title="Mark Kelly">Mark Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)" title="Scott Kelly (astronaut)">Scott Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kerwin" title="Joseph P. Kerwin">Joseph P. Kerwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Leestma" title="David Leestma">David Leestma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Lindsey" title="Steven Lindsey">Steven Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B3pez-Alegr%C3%ADa" title="Michael López-Alegría">Michael López-Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_R._Lousma" title="Jack R. Lousma">Jack Lousma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Magnus" title="Sandra Magnus">Sandra Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Mattingly" title="Ken Mattingly">Ken Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McCandless_II" title="Bruce McCandless II">Bruce McCandless II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James McDivitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Melroy" title="Pamela Melroy">Pamela Melroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mitchell" title="Edgar Mitchell">Edgar Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_Musgrave" title="Story Musgrave">Story Musgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nelson_(astronaut)" title="George Nelson (astronaut)">George Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Ochoa" title="Ellen Ochoa">Ellen Ochoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_D._O%27Connor" title="Bryan D. O'Connor">Bryan D. O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Parazynski" title="Scott E. Parazynski">Scott E. Parazynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pogue" title="William Pogue">William Pogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Precourt" title="Charles J. Precourt">Charles J. Precourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Rominger" title="Kent Rominger">Kent Rominger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Roosa" title="Stuart Roosa">Stuart Roosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross" title="Jerry L. Ross">Jerry L. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Schirra" title="Wally Schirra">Wally Schirra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart" title="Rusty Schweickart">Rusty Schweickart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Scobee" title="Dick Scobee">Dick Scobee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Seddon" title="Rhea Seddon">Rhea Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_H._Shaw" title="Brewster H. Shaw">Brewster H. Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepherd" title="William Shepherd">William Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Shriver" title="Loren Shriver">Loren Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan" title="Kathryn D. Sullivan">Kathryn D. Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Swigert" title="Jack Swigert">Jack Swigert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thagard" title="Norman Thagard">Norman Thagard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_C._Thornton" title="Kathryn C. Thornton">Kathryn C. Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Truly" title="Richard H. Truly">Richard H. Truly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Weitz" title="Paul J. Weitz">Paul J. Weitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wetherbee" title="Jim Wetherbee">Jim Wetherbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(astronaut)" title="Ed White (astronaut)">Ed White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred Worden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Visitor_Complex" title="Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex">Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/19px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/29px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/38px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/15px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/23px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/30px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/21px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/42px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1260" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1260" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364476#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000021417164">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50456491">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/455177/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkxF4FFPmYydfyQQ8PJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00044087">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812665891705606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/2086/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/8802">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10609791">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wq4gr9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&oldid=1278643338">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_McDivitt&oldid=1278643338</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:James_McDivitt" title="Category:James McDivitt">James McDivitt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_births" title="Category:1929 births">1929 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1965_in_spaceflight" title="Category:1965 in spaceflight">1965 in spaceflight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_in_spaceflight" title="Category:1969 in 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