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colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Alps conifer and mixed forests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg/272px-Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg/408px-Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg/544px-Herbst_am_Watzmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4729" data-file-height="3547" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden_National_Park" title="Berchtesgaden National Park">Berchtesgaden National Park</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecoregion_PA0501.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ecoregion_PA0501.svg/272px-Ecoregion_PA0501.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ecoregion_PA0501.svg/408px-Ecoregion_PA0501.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ecoregion_PA0501.svg/544px-Ecoregion_PA0501.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2217" data-file-height="1761" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of the Alps conifer and mixed forests</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palearctic_realm" title="Palearctic realm">Palearctic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">temperate coniferous forests</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italian_sclerophyllous_and_semi-deciduous_forests" title="Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests">Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Spain_and_Southern_France_Mediterranean_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests">Northeast Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_mixed_forests" title="Pannonian mixed forests">Pannonian mixed forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Po_Basin_mixed_forests" title="Po Basin mixed forests">Po Basin mixed forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Western_European_broadleaf_forests" title="Western European broadleaf forests">Western European broadleaf forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">149,872 km<sup>2</sup> (57,866 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Conservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion_conservation_status" title="Ecoregion conservation status">Conservation status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vulnerable</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Global_200" title="Global 200">Global 200</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European-Mediterranean_montane_mixed_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest">European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protected</th><td class="infobox-data">40,470 km<sup>2</sup> (27%)<sup id="cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinerstein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Alps conifer and mixed forests</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">temperate coniferous forest</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> in central Europe. It extends along the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> mountains through portions of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. The ecoregion extends from the lower slopes of the Alps to its peaks, which include <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) the highest peak in the Alps. </p><p>The Alps forests are at the transition between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> regions of southern Europe and the more humid and temperate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euro-Siberian_region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euro-Siberian region (page does not exist)">Euro-Siberian region</a> of western, central, and northern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ecoregion's altitudinal range, and its central location between Europe's climatic regions, support a variety of plant communities and species. The ecoregion has 4,500 native <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species, including 400 <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The forests on the lower slopes are mostly deciduous broadleaf trees, including the oaks <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_robur" title="Quercus robur">Quercus robur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea">Quercus petraea</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_pubescens" title="Quercus pubescens">Quercus pubescens</a></i>. Broadleaf <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyllous" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerophyllous">sclerophyllous</a> evergreen trees are found in southern valleys adjacent to Mediterranean-climate regions.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montane forests include a mix of conifers <a href="/wiki/Picea_abies" title="Picea abies">Norway spruce</a> (<i>Picea abies</i>), <a href="/wiki/Abies_alba" title="Abies alba">Silver fir</a> (<i>Abies alba</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Pinus_mugo" title="Pinus mugo">mountain pine</a> (<i>Pinus mugo</i>), with the broadleaf deciduous <a href="/wiki/European_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="European beech">European beech</a> (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Populus_tremula" title="Populus tremula">aspen</a> (<i>Populus tremula</i>), <a href="/wiki/Betula_pendula" title="Betula pendula">silver birch</a> (<i>Betula pendula</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Betula_pubescens" title="Betula pubescens">downy birch</a> (<i>Betula pubescens</i>). In more continental-climate parts of the range, <a href="/wiki/European_larch" class="mw-redirect" title="European larch">European larch</a> (<i>Larix decidua</i>), <a href="/wiki/Arolla_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Arolla pine">arolla pine</a> (<i>Pinus cembra</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Scots_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots pine">Scots pine</a> (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) replace <i>Pinus mugo</i>. Scots pine and <i>Pinus mugo</i> can form a hybrid pine <a href="/wiki/Pinus_%C3%97_rhaetica" title="Pinus × rhaetica">Pinus × rhaetica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pinus_nigra" title="Pinus nigra">Black pine</a> (<i>Pinus nigra</i>) occurs on some south facing slopes in the eastern part of the range. </p><p>Subalpine and alpine plant communities including <a href="/wiki/Heath" title="Heath">heath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine tundra</a> occur above the timberline, and include many endemic species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Alps are home to 80 species of mammals. Large mammals include <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_brown_bear" title="Eurasian brown bear">Eurasian brown bear</a> (<i>Ursus arctos</i>), <a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex</a> (<i>Capra ibex</i>), <a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Alpine chamois</a> (<i>Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra</i>), <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx</a> (<i>Lynx lynx</i>), <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a> (<i>Canis lupus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> (<i>Cervus elaphus elaphus</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a> (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>). </p><p>The Alps are home to 200 species of birds, including <a href="/wiki/Bearded_vulture" title="Bearded vulture">lammergeier</a> (<i>Gypaetus barbatus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Western_capercaillie" title="Western capercaillie">western capercaillie</a> (<i>Tetrao urogallus crassirostris</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Rock_ptarmigan" title="Rock ptarmigan">rock ptarmigan</a> (<i>Lagopus muta</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>40,470 km<sup>2</sup>, or 27%, of the ecoregion is in <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>. One-third of the unprotected area is still forested.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinerstein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protected areas include <a href="/wiki/Ecrins_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecrins National Park">Ecrins National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercantour_National_Park" title="Mercantour National Park">Mercantour National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanoise_National_Park" title="Vanoise National Park">Vanoise National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queyras_Regional_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Queyras Regional Nature Park">Queyras Regional Nature Park</a> in France, <a href="/wiki/Gran_Paradiso_National_Park" title="Gran Paradiso National Park">Gran Paradiso National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolomiti_Bellunesi_National_Park" title="Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park">Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park</a> in Italy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruy%C3%A8re_Pays-d%27Enhault_Regional_Nature_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruyère Pays-d'Enhault Regional Nature Park (page does not exist)">Gruyère Pays-d'Enhault Regional Nature Park</a> in Switzerland, <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden_National_Park" title="Berchtesgaden National Park">Berchtesgaden National Park</a> in Germany, and <a href="/wiki/Kalkalpen_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkalpen National Park">Kalkalpen National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%A4use_National_Park" title="Gesäuse National Park">Gesäuse National Park</a> in Austria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alps conifer and mixed forests">Alps conifer and mixed forests</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa0501">"Alps conifer and mixed forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Alps+conifer+and+mixed+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fpa0501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlps+conifer+and+mixed+forests" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dinerstein-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa0501">"Alps conifer and mixed forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Alps+conifer+and+mixed+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fpa0501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlps+conifer+and+mixed+forests" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&oldid=1224596048">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests&oldid=1224596048</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests" title="Category:Alps conifer and mixed forests">Alps conifer and mixed forests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecology_of_the_Alps" title="Category:Ecology of the Alps">Ecology of the Alps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_Austria" title="Category:Ecoregions of Austria">Ecoregions of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_France" title="Category:Ecoregions of France">Ecoregions of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_Germany" title="Category:Ecoregions of Germany">Ecoregions of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_Italy" title="Category:Ecoregions of Italy">Ecoregions of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_Slovenia" title="Category:Ecoregions of Slovenia">Ecoregions of Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Ecoregions of Switzerland">Ecoregions of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Liechtenstein" title="Category:Environment of Liechtenstein">Environment of Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Liechtenstein" title="Category:Geography of Liechtenstein">Geography of Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Montane_forests" title="Category:Montane forests">Montane forests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palearctic_ecoregions" title="Category:Palearctic ecoregions">Palearctic ecoregions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Temperate_coniferous_forests" title="Category:Temperate coniferous forests">Temperate coniferous forests</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 May 2024, at 08:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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