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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artifacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artifacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Artifacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artifacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Xituanshan</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西團山 (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xituanshan is located in China"><img alt="Xituanshan is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.099%;left:82.945%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xituanshan"><img alt="Xituanshan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within China</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><i>Seodansan</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Jilin Province</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label">Huanxi Township, <a href="/wiki/Chuanying_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanying District">Chuanying District</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Xituanshan&params=43.803352_N_126.497415_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°48′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">126°29′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.803352°N 126.497415°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.803352; 126.497415</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Altitude</th><td class="infobox-data">196 m (643 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Burials</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">80,000 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Periods</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#East_Asia" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> 9th-6th centuries BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-GLB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultures</th><td class="infobox-data">Xituanshan</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discovered</th><td class="infobox-data">1930s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Excavation dates</th><td class="infobox-data">1948, 1949, 1950</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Xituanshan</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">西團山</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">西团山</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xī tuánshān</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">서단산</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">西團山</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Seodansan</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Sŏdansan</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Xituanshan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">西团山</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xī tuánshān</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">서단산</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">西團山</span></span>, 9th-6th centuries BCE)<sup id="cite_ref-GLB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#East_Asia" title="Bronze Age">Late Bronze Age</a> group of stone burials in <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, China. It was designated a Major National Historical and Cultural Site by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">Chinese government</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhai2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site gave its name to a particular style of <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">objects and architecture</a> called the Xituanshan Culture, distributed throughout Jilin, <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Site">Site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xituanshan is a low-lying <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> mountain to the west of <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin City</a> that faces Dongtuanshan across the <a href="/wiki/Songhua_River" title="Songhua River">Songhua River</a>. Together, the two mountains were referred to in the past as the twin tuanshan peaks (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">团山相峙</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200928-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site comprises 11 gulleys on Xituanshan's southwest slope,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200928-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over which nine stone <a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">cist tombs</a> are distributed. On excavation, various stone tools, pottery pieces, pig jaws, and pig tusks were found.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200928-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In two graves, remains of plant seeds were found in pots: <a href="/wiki/Setaria" title="Setaria">Setaria lutescens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eriochloa" title="Eriochloa">Eriochloa villosa</a> have been suggested to be wild ancestors of <a href="/wiki/Foxtail_millet" title="Foxtail millet">Foxtail millet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proso_millet" title="Proso millet">Broomcorn millet</a>, which has been used to suggest that the people buried at Xituanshan practised agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200931-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excavation">Excavation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Excavation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surveys were conducted on Xituanshan during the 1930s by Japanese archaeologist Mikami Tsugio and Chinese archaeologist Li Wenxin. In 1948 and 1949, researchers from <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northeastern University</a>'s History Department conducted excavations on burials. In 1950, the <a href="/wiki/China#People's_Republic_(1949–present)" title="China">new government</a> formally established a Northeast Archaeology Group headed by <a href="/wiki/Pei_Wenzhong" title="Pei Wenzhong">Pei Wenzhong</a>, which also conducted excavations and excavated the tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 116 cemeteries and settlements have been identified as having similar architecture or object styles to those found at Xituanshan; these are collectively referred to as the Xituanshan Culture. Only 20 sites have been excavated, the majority of which are centred on <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200929_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200929-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most sites are found in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a> in Jilin Province, and southern <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, in addition to neighbouring areas. Chinese archaeologist Jin Xudong has suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Dongliao_County" title="Dongliao County">Dongliao River</a> marks the northern boundary of the Xituanshan Culture, where its people interacted with the Baoshan Culture (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">宝山文化</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bǎoshān wénhuà</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200929_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200929-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Xituanshan Culture is thought to have developed from local Neolithic cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200934_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200934-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottery_Jars_(9830498113).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg/220px-Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg/330px-Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg/440px-Pottery_Jars_%289830498113%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Xituanshan culture pottery</figcaption></figure> <p>People hunted and fished, as suggested by finds of wild animal bones and fish hooks; however, mortars and grind stones have also been excavated, which suggest that people practised agriculture. While only wild plant species have been found at Xituanshan site, domesticated species of plants have been found in Middle Period settlements. In 1980, excavators also discovered carbonised soy beans at Yangdun Damenghai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200931-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structures">Structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xituanshan buildings were made up to 1.5 m below ground level against mountain rock surfaces or using overlapping stones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People also <a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">engineered their environments</a>, as shown by a <a href="/wiki/Retaining_wall" title="Retaining wall">retaining wall</a> built at Houshishan to protect the settlement from water run-off and <a href="/wiki/Soil_creep" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil creep">soil creep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buildings at several sites located on hills or <a href="/wiki/Promontories" class="mw-redirect" title="Promontories">promontories</a> also appear to have been enclosed by defensive earthen walls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930-31_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-31-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grave walls were constructed using stone slabs or piles of smaller stones, but earth tombs appear in the Late Period. Young infants were buried in <a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">jars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artifacts">Artifacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Artifacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan,_Jilin_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg/220px-Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg/330px-Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg/440px-Pottery_vessels_excavated_from_Houshishan%2C_Jilin_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption>Ceramic pots from Houshishan in the <a href="/wiki/Jilin_Provincial_Museum" title="Jilin Provincial Museum">Jilin Provincial Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Objects excavated include stone, textile, and bronze. Textiles made from hemp, goat, and dog hair were excavated from graves at Houshishan and Xingxingshao. Bronze artefacts are predominantly small weapons and tools, such as axes, blades, arrows, mirrors, and fish hooks, as well as decorative beads. Small bracelets made from bronze pieces and wooden combs decorated with bronze are particular to the site and are not found elsewhere in the region at the same time. Jade axes and beads have also been found, in addition to awls made from deer antler and ornaments made from pig tusks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200931-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Xituanshan culture is divided into three periods according to <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dates</a>, and these periods are represented by different sites:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200932_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200932-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Early Period (1275–1105 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>): <ul><li>Xingxingshao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">星星哨</span></span>)</li> <li>Xituanshan</li></ul></li> <li>Middle Period (465–315, 395–245 BCE): <ul><li>Houshishan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">猴石山</span></span>)</li> <li>Changsheshan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">长蛇山</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Late Period (290–140 BCE): <ul><li>Tuchengzi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土城子</span></span>)</li> <li>Yangdun Dahaimeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杨屯大海猛</span></span>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manchuria" title="History of Manchuria">History of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumun_pottery_period" title="Mumun pottery period">Mumun pottery period</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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href="#cite_ref-GLB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2017" class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Gina L. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/journal/articles/v65p355.pdf">"Book review of The Ancient State of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia: Archaeology and Historical Memory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Chinese Studies</i>. <b>65</b>: 356.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Studies&rft.atitle=Book+review+of+The+Ancient+State+of+Puy%C5%8F+in+Northeast+Asia%3A+Archaeology+and+Historical+Memory&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=356&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gina+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fics%2Fjournal%2Farticles%2Fv65p355.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXituanshan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhai2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZhai2013">Zhai 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200928-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200928_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZhai2013200_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZhai2013">Zhai 2013</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200931-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200931_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200929-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200929_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200929_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200934-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200934_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200930-31-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200930-31_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 30-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong200932-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong200932_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong2009">Dong 2009</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDong2009" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dong, Xuezeng 董学增 (2009), "吉林西团山文化六十年研究成果概述" [An overview of achievements in the last 60 years of research on Jilin's Xituanshan culture], <i>Bowuguan Yanjiu</i> (in Chinese), <b>1</b> (105): 28–37, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13368%2Fj.cnki.mure.2009.01.008">10.13368/j.cnki.mure.2009.01.008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bowuguan+Yanjiu&rft.atitle=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=105&rft.pages=28-37&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13368%2Fj.cnki.mure.2009.01.008&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=Xuezeng+%E8%91%A3%E5%AD%A6%E5%A2%9E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXituanshan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhai2013" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhai, Jingyuan 翟敬源 (2013), "吉林西团山文化概述及其文化价值" [Overview of Jilin's Xituanshan culture and its cultural value], <i>Heilongjiang Keiji Xinxi</i> (in Chinese) (9): 200</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heilongjiang+Keiji+Xinxi&rft.atitle=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%A2%E5%B1%B1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=200&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Zhai&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan+%E7%BF%9F%E6%95%AC%E6%BA%90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXituanshan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xituanshan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE004&cp_code=cp0417&index_id=cp04170112&content_id=cp041701120001&search_left_menu=4">Culture Content image gallery (in Korean)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template talk:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prehistoric cultures of China</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bronze_Age_sites_in_China" title="List of Bronze Age sites in China">Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Northeastern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture" title="Xinglongwa culture">Xinglongwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaobaogou_culture" title="Zhaobaogou culture">Zhaobaogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshan_culture" title="Hongshan culture">Hongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuheliang" title="Niuheliang">Niuheliang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoheyan_culture" title="Xiaoheyan culture">Xiaoheyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Lower Xiajiadian culture">Lower Xiajiadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohushan_culture" title="Laohushan culture">Laohushan</a></li> <li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xituanshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Upper Xiajiadian culture">Upper Xiajiadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijinbao_culture" title="Baijinbao culture">Baijinbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggouzi_culture" title="Jinggouzi culture">Jinggouzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaodaogou_culture" title="Chaodaogou culture">Chaodaogou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Upper Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshan" title="Banshan">Banshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qijia_culture" title="Qijia culture">Qijia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajia" title="Lajia">Lajia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhukaigou_culture" title="Zhukaigou culture">Zhukaigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindian_culture" title="Xindian culture">Xindian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicha_culture" title="Xicha culture">Xicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwa_culture" title="Siwa culture">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayue_culture" title="Kayue culture">Kayue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoqinggou_culture" title="Maoqinggou culture">Maoqinggou</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Majiayuan_site" title="Majiayuan site">Majiayuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Middle Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Nanzhuangtou" title="Nanzhuangtou">Nanzhuangtou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiahu" title="Jiahu">Jiahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cishan_culture" title="Cishan culture">Cishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijia_culture" title="Baijia culture">Baijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangzhai,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangzhai, Xi'an">Jiangzhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangguanzhai" title="Yangguanzhai">Yangguanzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taosi" title="Taosi">Taosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimao" title="Shimao">Shimao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhai" title="Xinzhai">Xinzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Shang_City" title="Zhengzhou Shang City">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshuangqiao" title="Xiaoshuangqiao">Xiaoshuangqiao</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Huanbei" title="Huanbei">Huanbei</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Lower Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houli_culture" title="Houli culture">Houli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beixin_culture" title="Beixin culture">Beixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishuipo" title="Xishuipo">Xishuipo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawenkou_culture" title="Dawenkou culture">Dawenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengziya" title="Chengziya">Chengziya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Middle and Upper Yangtze</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengtoushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengtoushan">Pengtoushan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashidang" title="Bashidang">Bashidang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengbeixi_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengbeixi culture (page does not exist)">Chengbeixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxi_culture" title="Daxi culture">Daxi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangjiagang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangjiagang (page does not exist)">Tangjiagang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujialing_culture" title="Qujialing culture">Qujialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiahe_culture" title="Shijiahe culture">Shijiahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panlongcheng" title="Panlongcheng">Panlongcheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijiahe_culture" title="Feijiahe culture">Feijiahe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Lower Yangtze and Huai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Kuahuqiao_site" title="Kuahuqiao site">Kuahuqiao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemudu_culture" title="Hemudu culture">Hemudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiabang_culture" title="Majiabang culture">Majiabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songze_culture" title="Songze culture">Songze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingjiatan_culture" title="Lingjiatan culture">Lingjiatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_ruins_of_Liangzhu_City" title="Archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City">Liangzhu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangfulin" title="Guangfulin">Guangfulin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maqiao_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maqiao culture (page does not exist)">Maqiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Southern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Zengpiyan" title="Zengpiyan">Zengpiyan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shixia_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shixia culture (page does not exist)">Shixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_culture" title="Wucheng culture">Wucheng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayangzhou_site" title="Dayangzhou site">Dayangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui_culture" title="Fanchengdui culture">Fanchengdui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui" title="Fanchengdui">Fanchengdui</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karuo_culture" title="Karuo culture">Karuo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qugong_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qugong culture (page does not exist)">Qugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xiaohe_Cemetery" title="Xiaohe Cemetery">Xiaohe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_mummies" title="Tarim mummies">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subeshi_culture" title="Subeshi culture">Subeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirenzigou_culture" title="Shirenzigou culture">Shirenzigou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabenkeng_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabenkeng culture">Dabenkeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beinan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinan culture">Beinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Beifudi" title="Beifudi">Beifudi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumin_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumin culture (page does not exist)">Yumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichengyi_culture" title="Xichengyi culture">Xichengyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siba_culture" title="Siba culture">Siba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanma_culture" title="Shanma culture">Shanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shajing_culture" title="Shajing culture">Shajing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" 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