CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" data-skin="light"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <link rel="profile" href="//gmpg.org/xfn/11"/> <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/e93fc93f-d58f-47a0-80d6-9badc1200430/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <meta http-equiv='x-dns-prefetch-control' content='on'> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//ajax.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//fonts.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//fonts.gstatic.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//s.gravatar.com/"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href="//www.google-analytics.com/"/> <link rel='preload' as='script' href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js"> <style id='tie-critical-css' type='text/css'>:root{--brand-color:#0669ff;--dark-brand-color:#0051cc;--bright-color:#FFF;--base-color:#2c2f34}html{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}progress{vertical-align:baseline}[hidden],template{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:600}dfn{font-style:italic}mark{background-color:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-0.25em}sup{top:-0.5em}img{border-style:none}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 0}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit}optgroup{font-weight:bold}button,input,select{overflow:visible}button,input,select,textarea{margin:0}button,select{text-transform:none}[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit],button{cursor:pointer}[disabled]{cursor:default}[type=reset],[type=submit],button,html [type=button]{-webkit-appearance:button}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}button:-moz-focusring,input:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:0.35em 0.625em 0.75em}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}textarea{overflow:auto}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield}[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}*{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;border:0;outline:none;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}body{background:#F7F7F7;color:var(--base-color);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue","Open Sans",Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:21px}.the-subtitle,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.4;font-weight:600}h1{font-size:41px;font-weight:700}h2{font-size:27px}h3{font-size:23px}.the-subtitle,h4{font-size:17px}h5{font-size:13px}h6{font-size:12px}a{color:var(--base-color);text-decoration:none;transition:0.15s}.brand-title,a:hover{color:var(--brand-color)}embed,img,object{max-width:100%;height:auto}iframe{max-width:100%}p{line-height:1.7}.comment-form-comment label,.says,.screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);position:absolute!important;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden}.stream-title{margin-bottom:3px;font-size:11px;color:#a5a5a5;display:block}.stream-item{text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:2;margin:20px 0;padding:0}.stream-item iframe{margin:0 auto}.stream-item img{max-width:100%;width:auto;height:auto;margin:0 auto;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.stream-item.stream-item-above-header{margin:0}.stream-item.stream-item-between .post-item-inner{width:100%;display:block}.post-layout-8.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .entry-header-outer,body.post-layout-8.has-header-below-ad .entry-header-outer{padding-top:0}.has-header-below-ad.post-layout-6 .featured-area,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad.post-layout-6 .featured-area,.stream-item-top-wrapper~.stream-item-below-header{margin-top:0}.has-header-below-ad .fullwidth-entry-title.container-wrapper,.has-header-below-ad .is-first-section,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .fullwidth-entry-title,.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .is-first-section{padding-top:0;margin-top:0}@media (max-width:991px){body:not(.is-header-layout-1).has-header-below-ad.has-header-ad .top-nav-below .has-breaking-news{margin-bottom:20px}.has-header-ad .fullwidth-entry-title.container-wrapper,.has-header-ad.has-header-below-ad .stream-item-below-header,.page.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) #content,.single.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) #content{margin-top:0}.has-header-ad .is-first-section{padding-top:0}.has-header-ad:not(.has-header-below-ad) .buddypress-header-outer{margin-bottom:15px}}.has-full-width-logo .stream-item-top-wrapper,.header-layout-2 .stream-item-top-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:100%;float:none;clear:both}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-2.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top-wrapper{margin-top:0}}.header-layout-3.no-stream-item .logo-container{width:100%;float:none}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-3.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top img{float:right}}@media (max-width:991px){.header-layout-3.has-normal-width-logo .stream-item-top{clear:both}}#background-stream-cover{top:0;left:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed}@media (max-width:768px){.hide_back_top_button #go-to-top,.hide_banner_above .stream-item-above-post,.hide_banner_above_content .stream-item-above-post-content,.hide_banner_below .stream-item-below-post,.hide_banner_below_content .stream-item-below-post-content,.hide_banner_below_header .stream-item-below-header,.hide_banner_bottom .stream-item-above-footer,.hide_banner_comments .stream-item-below-post-comments,.hide_banner_header .stream-item-above-header,.hide_banner_top .stream-item-top-wrapper,.hide_breadcrumbs #breadcrumb,.hide_breaking_news #top-nav,.hide_copyright #site-info,.hide_footer #footer-widgets-container,.hide_footer_instagram #footer-instagram,.hide_footer_tiktok #footer-tiktok,.hide_inline_related_posts #inline-related-post,.hide_post_authorbio .post-components .about-author,.hide_post_nav .prev-next-post-nav,.hide_post_newsletter #post-newsletter,.hide_read_more_buttons .more-link,.hide_read_next #read-next-block,.hide_related #related-posts,.hide_share_post_bottom .share-buttons-bottom,.hide_share_post_top .share-buttons-top,.hide_sidebars .sidebar{display:none!important}}.tie-icon:before,[class*=" tie-icon-"],[class^=tie-icon-]{font-family:"tiefonticon"!important;speak:never;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:inline-block}body.tie-no-js .bbp-template-notice,body.tie-no-js .comp-sub-menu,body.tie-no-js .indicator-hint,body.tie-no-js .menu-counter-bubble-outer,body.tie-no-js .menu-sub-content,body.tie-no-js .notifications-total-outer,body.tie-no-js .tooltip,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-error,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-info,body.tie-no-js .woocommerce-message,body.tie-no-js a.remove{display:none!important}body.tie-no-js .fa,body.tie-no-js .fab,body.tie-no-js .far,body.tie-no-js .fas,body.tie-no-js .tie-icon:before,body.tie-no-js .weather-icon,body.tie-no-js [class*=" tie-icon-"],body.tie-no-js [class^=tie-icon-]{visibility:hidden!important}body.tie-no-js [class*=" tie-icon-"]:before,body.tie-no-js [class^=tie-icon-]:before{content:"\f105"}#autocomplete-suggestions,.tie-popup{display:none}.container{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.container:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:100%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1200px}}.tie-row{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.tie-row:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.tie-col-md-1,.tie-col-md-10,.tie-col-md-11,.tie-col-md-12,.tie-col-md-2,.tie-col-md-3,.tie-col-md-4,.tie-col-md-5,.tie-col-md-6,.tie-col-md-7,.tie-col-md-8,.tie-col-md-9,.tie-col-sm-1,.tie-col-sm-10,.tie-col-sm-11,.tie-col-sm-12,.tie-col-sm-2,.tie-col-sm-3,.tie-col-sm-4,.tie-col-sm-5,.tie-col-sm-6,.tie-col-sm-7,.tie-col-sm-8,.tie-col-sm-9,.tie-col-xs-1,.tie-col-xs-10,.tie-col-xs-11,.tie-col-xs-12,.tie-col-xs-2,.tie-col-xs-3,.tie-col-xs-4,.tie-col-xs-5,.tie-col-xs-6,.tie-col-xs-7,.tie-col-xs-8,.tie-col-xs-9{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.tie-col-xs-1,.tie-col-xs-10,.tie-col-xs-11,.tie-col-xs-12,.tie-col-xs-2,.tie-col-xs-3,.tie-col-xs-4,.tie-col-xs-5,.tie-col-xs-6,.tie-col-xs-7,.tie-col-xs-8,.tie-col-xs-9{float:left}.tie-col-xs-1{width:8.3333333333%}.tie-col-xs-2{width:16.6666666667%}.tie-col-xs-3{width:25%}.tie-col-xs-4{width:33.3333333333%}.tie-col-xs-5{width:41.6666666667%}.tie-col-xs-6{width:50%}.tie-col-xs-7{width:58.3333333333%}.tie-col-xs-8{width:66.6666666667%}.tie-col-xs-9{width:75%}.tie-col-xs-10{width:83.3333333333%}.tie-col-xs-11{width:91.6666666667%}.tie-col-xs-12{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.tie-col-sm-1,.tie-col-sm-10,.tie-col-sm-11,.tie-col-sm-12,.tie-col-sm-2,.tie-col-sm-3,.tie-col-sm-4,.tie-col-sm-5,.tie-col-sm-6,.tie-col-sm-7,.tie-col-sm-8,.tie-col-sm-9{float:left}.tie-col-sm-1{width:8.3333333333%}.tie-col-sm-2{width:16.6666666667%}.tie-col-sm-3{width:25%}.tie-col-sm-4{width:33.3333333333%}.tie-col-sm-5{width:41.6666666667%}.tie-col-sm-6{width:50%}.tie-col-sm-7{width:58.3333333333%}.tie-col-sm-8{width:66.6666666667%}.tie-col-sm-9{width:75%}.tie-col-sm-10{width:83.3333333333%}.tie-col-sm-11{width:91.6666666667%}.tie-col-sm-12{width:100%}}@media (min-width:992px){.tie-col-md-1,.tie-col-md-10,.tie-col-md-11,.tie-col-md-12,.tie-col-md-2,.tie-col-md-3,.tie-col-md-4,.tie-col-md-5,.tie-col-md-6,.tie-col-md-7,.tie-col-md-8,.tie-col-md-9{float:left}.tie-col-md-1{width:8.3333333333%}.tie-col-md-2{width:16.6666666667%}.tie-col-md-3{width:25%}.tie-col-md-4{width:33.3333333333%}.tie-col-md-5{width:41.6666666667%}.tie-col-md-6{width:50%}.tie-col-md-7{width:58.3333333333%}.tie-col-md-8{width:66.6666666667%}.tie-col-md-9{width:75%}.tie-col-md-10{width:83.3333333333%}.tie-col-md-11{width:91.6666666667%}.tie-col-md-12{width:100%}}.tie-alignleft{float:left}.tie-alignright{float:right}.tie-aligncenter{clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fullwidth{width:100%!important}.alignleft{float:left;margin:0.375em 1.75em 1em 0}.alignright{float:right;margin:0.375em 0 1em 1.75em}.aligncenter{clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto 1.75em;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px}@media (max-width:767px){.entry .alignleft,.entry .alignleft img,.entry .alignright,.entry .alignright img{float:none;clear:both;display:block;margin:0 auto 1.75em}}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:" ";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}#tie-wrapper,.tie-container{height:100%;min-height:650px}.tie-container{position:relative;overflow:hidden}#tie-wrapper{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:108;height:100%;margin:0 auto}.container-wrapper{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-radius:2px;padding:30px}#content{margin-top:30px}@media (max-width:991px){#content{margin-top:15px}}.site-content{-ms-word-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.boxed-layout #tie-wrapper,.boxed-layout .fixed-nav{max-width:1230px}.boxed-layout.wrapper-has-shadow #tie-wrapper{box-shadow:0 1px 7px rgba(171,171,171,0.5)}@media (min-width:992px){.boxed-layout #main-nav.fixed-nav,.boxed-layout #tie-wrapper{width:95%}}@media (min-width:992px){.framed-layout #tie-wrapper{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width:992px){.border-layout #tie-container{margin:25px}.border-layout:after,.border-layout:before{background:inherit;content:"";display:block;height:25px;left:0;bottom:0;position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:110}.border-layout:before{top:0;bottom:auto}.border-layout.admin-bar:before{top:32px}.border-layout #main-nav.fixed-nav{left:25px;right:25px;width:calc(100% - 50px)}}#header-notification-bar{background:var(--brand-color);color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:1}#header-notification-bar p a{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}#header-notification-bar .container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:40px;min-height:65px}#header-notification-bar .container .button{font-size:14px}#header-notification-bar .container:after{display:none}@media (max-width:991px){#header-notification-bar .container{justify-content:center;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;gap:15px;flex-direction:column}}.theme-header{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:999}.theme-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.theme-header.has-shadow{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 0px 25px 20px -20px}.theme-header.top-nav-below .top-nav{z-index:8}.is-stretch-header .container{max-width:100%}#menu-components-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;flex-wrap:wrap}.header-layout-2 #menu-components-wrap{justify-content:center}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap{justify-content:flex-start}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .main-menu-wrap{flex-grow:2}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .flex-placeholder{flex-grow:1}.logo-row{position:relative}#logo{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;display:block;float:left}#logo img{vertical-align:middle}#logo img[src*=".svg"]{width:100%!important}@-moz-document url-prefix(){#logo img[src*=".svg"]{height:100px}}#logo a{display:inline-block}#logo .h1-off{position:absolute;top:-9000px;left:-9000px}#logo.text-logo a{color:var(--brand-color)}#logo.text-logo a:hover{color:var(--dark-brand-color);opacity:0.8}#tie-logo-inverted,#tie-sticky-logo-inverted{display:none}.tie-skin-inverted #tie-logo-inverted,.tie-skin-inverted #tie-sticky-logo-inverted{display:block}.tie-skin-inverted #tie-logo-default,.tie-skin-inverted #tie-sticky-logo-default{display:none}.logo-text{font-size:50px;line-height:50px;font-weight:bold}@media (max-width:670px){.logo-text{font-size:30px}}.has-full-width-logo.is-stretch-header .logo-container{padding:0}.has-full-width-logo #logo{margin:0}.has-full-width-logo #logo a,.has-full-width-logo #logo img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.has-full-width-logo #logo,.header-layout-2 #logo{float:none;text-align:center}.has-full-width-logo #logo img,.header-layout-2 #logo img{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.has-full-width-logo .logo-container,.header-layout-2 .logo-container{width:100%;float:none}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin:14px 0!important;text-align:left;line-height:1}#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:190px}}@media (max-width:479px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{max-width:160px;max-height:60px!important}}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.mobile-header-default.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo,#theme-header.mobile-header-default:not(.header-layout-1) #logo{flex-grow:10}#theme-header.mobile-header-centered.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{width:auto!important}#theme-header.mobile-header-centered #logo{float:none;text-align:center}}.components{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:end}.components>li{position:relative}.components>li.social-icons-item{margin:0}.components>li>a{display:block;position:relative;width:30px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;white-space:nowrap}.components>li:hover>a,.components>li>a:hover{z-index:2}.components .avatar{border-radius:100%;position:relative;top:3px;max-width:20px}.components a.follow-btn{width:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;overflow:hidden;font-size:12px}.components .search-bar form{width:auto;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.1);line-height:36px;border-radius:50px;position:relative}.main-nav-light .main-nav .components .search-bar form,.top-nav-light .top-nav .components .search-bar form{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.components #search-input{border:0;width:100%;background:transparent;padding:0 35px 0 20px;border-radius:0;font-size:inherit}.components #search-submit{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:40px;line-height:inherit;color:#777777;background:transparent;font-size:15px;padding:0;transition:color 0.15s;border:none}.components #search-submit:hover{color:var(--brand-color)}#search-submit .tie-icon-spinner{color:#fff;cursor:default;animation:tie-spin 3s infinite linear}.popup-login-icon.has-title a{width:auto;padding:0 8px}.popup-login-icon.has-title span{line-height:unset;float:left}.popup-login-icon.has-title .login-title{position:relative;font-size:13px;padding-left:4px}.weather-menu-item{display:flex;align-items:center;padding-right:5px;overflow:hidden}.weather-menu-item .weather-wrap{padding:0;overflow:inherit;line-height:23px}.weather-menu-item .weather-forecast-day{display:block;float:left;width:auto;padding:0 5px;line-height:initial}.weather-menu-item .weather-forecast-day .weather-icon{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:0}.weather-menu-item .city-data{float:left;display:block;font-size:12px}.weather-menu-item .weather-current-temp{font-size:16px;font-weight:400}.weather-menu-item .weather-current-temp sup{font-size:9px;top:-2px}.weather-menu-item .theme-notice{padding:0 10px}.components .tie-weather-widget{color:var(--base-color)}.main-nav-dark .main-nav .tie-weather-widget{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .tie-weather-widget{color:#cccccc}.components .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#ffffff}.main-nav-dark .main-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#1f2024}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color:#1f2024}.custom-menu-button{padding-right:5px}.custom-menu-button .button{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;line-height:21px;width:auto}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{display:table;width:100%}.header-layout-1 #logo{line-height:1;float:left;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;float:none}.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header,.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header.header-layout-1 #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){background:transparent!important;display:inline-block!important;width:100%!important;box-shadow:none!important;transition:background 0.3s}.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header.header-layout-1 #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav):before,.is-header-bg-extended #theme-header:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:100%;left:0;right:0;top:0;height:150px;background-image:linear-gradient(to top,transparent,rgba(0,0,0,0.5))}@media (max-width:991px){.is-header-bg-extended #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container:not(.fixed-nav){background:transparent;box-shadow:none;transition:background 0.3s}}.is-header-bg-extended .has-background .is-first-section{margin-top:-350px!important}.is-header-bg-extended .has-background .is-first-section>*{padding-top:350px!important}.rainbow-line{height:3px;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:2;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,#f76570 0%,#f76570 8%,#f3a46b 8%,#f3a46b 16%,#f3a46b 16%,#ffd205 16%,#ffd205 24%,#ffd205 24%,#1bbc9b 24%,#1bbc9b 25%,#1bbc9b 32%,#14b9d5 32%,#14b9d5 40%,#c377e4 40%,#c377e4 48%,#f76570 48%,#f76570 56%,#f3a46b 56%,#f3a46b 64%,#ffd205 64%,#ffd205 72%,#1bbc9b 72%,#1bbc9b 80%,#14b9d5 80%,#14b9d5 80%,#14b9d5 89%,#c377e4 89%,#c377e4 100%);background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#f76570 0%,#f76570 8%,#f3a46b 8%,#f3a46b 16%,#f3a46b 16%,#ffd205 16%,#ffd205 24%,#ffd205 24%,#1bbc9b 24%,#1bbc9b 25%,#1bbc9b 32%,#14b9d5 32%,#14b9d5 40%,#c377e4 40%,#c377e4 48%,#f76570 48%,#f76570 56%,#f3a46b 56%,#f3a46b 64%,#ffd205 64%,#ffd205 72%,#1bbc9b 72%,#1bbc9b 80%,#14b9d5 80%,#14b9d5 80%,#14b9d5 89%,#c377e4 89%,#c377e4 100%)}@media (max-width:991px){.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper,.logo-container{border-width:0;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}}.mobile-header-components{display:none;z-index:10;height:30px;line-height:30px;flex-wrap:nowrap;flex:1 1 0%}.mobile-header-components .components{float:none;display:flex!important;justify-content:stretch}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link{display:inline-block;float:none}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{width:20px;padding-bottom:15px}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a .menu-counter-bubble{right:calc(50% - 10px);bottom:-10px}.header-layout-1.main-nav-dark .mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{color:#fff}.mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{padding:10px}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{background:#1f2024}.mobile-header-components [class*=" tie-icon-"],.mobile-header-components [class^=tie-icon-]{font-size:18px;width:20px;height:20px;vertical-align:middle}.mobile-header-components .tie-mobile-menu-icon{font-size:20px}.mobile-header-components .tie-icon-grid-4,.mobile-header-components .tie-icon-grid-9{transform:scale(1.75)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:2px;background-color:var(--base-color);position:relative;top:-4px;transition:background 0.4s ease}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{position:absolute;right:0;background-color:var(--base-color);content:"";display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:transform 0.4s,background 0.4s,right 0.2s ease;transform:translateZ(0);backface-visibility:hidden}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{transform:translateY(-7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{transform:translateY(7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-2:after,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-2:before{width:70%;right:15%}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-3:after{width:60%}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon.is-layout-4:after{width:60%;right:auto;left:0}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon,.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after,.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{background-color:#ffffff}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .nav-icon .menu-text,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon .menu-text{color:#ffffff}.mobile-header-components .menu-text-wrapper{white-space:nowrap;width:auto!important}.mobile-header-components .menu-text{color:var(--base-color);line-height:30px;font-size:12px;padding:0 0 0 5px;display:inline-block;transition:color 0.4s}.dark-skin .mobile-header-components .menu-text,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .menu-text{color:#ffffff}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-right:15px}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .comp-sub-menu{left:0;right:auto}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components{flex-direction:row-reverse}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-left:15px}#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon,#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon:after,#mobile-menu-icon:hover .nav-icon:before{background-color:var(--brand-color)}@media (max-width:991px){.logo-container:after,.logo-container:before{height:1px}.mobile-components-row .logo-wrapper{height:auto!important}.mobile-components-row .logo-container,.mobile-components-row.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{flex-wrap:wrap}.mobile-components-row.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo,.mobile-components-row:not(.header-layout-1) #logo{flex:1 0 100%;order:-1}.mobile-components-row .mobile-header-components{padding:5px 0;height:45px}.mobile-components-row .mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{padding-bottom:0}#tie-body #mobile-container,.mobile-header-components{display:block}#slide-sidebar-widgets{display:none}}.top-nav{background-color:#ffffff;position:relative;z-index:10;line-height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-width:1px 0;color:var(--base-color);clear:both}.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .top-nav{border-top-width:0}.top-nav a:not(.button):not(:hover){color:var(--base-color)}.top-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.top-nav .search-bar{margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:3px;line-height:34px}.topbar-wrapper{display:flex;min-height:40px}.top-nav.has-components .topbar-wrapper,.top-nav.has-menu .topbar-wrapper{display:block}.top-nav .tie-alignleft,.top-nav .tie-alignright{flex-grow:1;position:relative}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignleft{flex:1 0 100px}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignright{flex-grow:0;z-index:1}.top-nav-boxed .top-nav.has-components .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar),.top-nav.has-date-components .tie-alignleft .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar),.top-nav.has-date-components-menu .components>li:first-child:not(.search-bar){border-width:0}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1.top-nav-below:not(.has-shadow) .top-nav{border-width:0 0 1px}}.topbar-today-date{float:left;padding-right:15px;flex-shrink:0}.top-menu .menu a{padding:0 10px}.top-menu .menu li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.top-menu .menu ul{display:none;position:absolute;background:#ffffff}.top-menu .menu li:hover>ul{display:block}.top-menu .menu li{position:relative}.top-menu .menu ul.sub-menu a{width:200px;line-height:20px;padding:10px 15px}.tie-alignright .top-menu{float:right;border-width:0 1px}.top-menu .menu .tie-current-menu>a{color:var(--brand-color)}@media (min-width:992px){.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.top-nav-boxed .top-nav{background:transparent!important;border-width:0}.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-width:1px 0;width:100%}.top-nav-boxed.has-shadow.top-nav-below .topbar-wrapper,.top-nav-boxed.has-shadow.top-nav-below-main-nav .topbar-wrapper{border-bottom-width:0!important}}.top-nav .tie-alignleft .components,.top-nav .tie-alignleft .components>li{float:left;justify-content:start}.top-nav .tie-alignleft .comp-sub-menu{right:auto;left:-1px}.top-nav-dark .top-nav{background-color:#2c2e32;color:#cccccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav *{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1)}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .breaking a{color:#cccccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .breaking a:hover{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li.social-icons-item .social-link:not(:hover) span,.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li>a{color:#cccccc}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:#ffffff}.top-nav-dark .top-nav .top-menu li a{color:#cccccc;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.04)}.top-nav-dark .top-menu ul{background:#2c2e32}.top-nav-dark .top-menu li:hover>a{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);color:var(--brand-color)}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed .top-nav{background-color:transparent}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed .topbar-wrapper{background-color:#2c2e32}.top-nav-dark.top-nav-boxed.top-nav-above.main-nav-below .topbar-wrapper{border-width:0}.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,.main-nav-light #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind,.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,.top-nav-light #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color:#d3d3d3}@media (max-width:991px){.theme-header .components,.top-menu,.top-nav:not(.has-breaking-news),.topbar-today-date{display:none}}.breaking{display:none}.main-nav-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:4}.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:9}.main-nav-above.top-nav-below .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:10}.main-nav{background-color:var(--main-nav-background);color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);position:relative;border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color);border-width:1px 0}.main-menu-wrapper{position:relative}@media (min-width:992px){.header-menu .menu{display:flex}.header-menu .menu a{display:block;position:relative}.header-menu .menu>li>a{white-space:nowrap}.header-menu .menu .sub-menu a{padding:8px 10px}.header-menu .menu a:hover,.header-menu .menu li:hover>a{z-index:2}.header-menu .menu ul:not(.sub-menu-columns):not(.sub-menu-columns-item):not(.sub-list):not(.mega-cat-sub-categories):not(.slider-arrow-nav){box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.header-menu .menu ul li{position:relative}.header-menu .menu ul a{border-width:0 0 1px;transition:0.15s}.header-menu .menu ul ul{top:0;left:100%}#main-nav{z-index:9;line-height:60px}.main-menu .menu a{transition:0.15s}.main-menu .menu>li>a{padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.main-menu .menu>li>.menu-sub-content{border-top:2px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding:0 20px;line-height:inherit}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a:before{display:none}.main-menu .menu>li.is-icon-only>a .tie-menu-icon{font-size:160%;transform:translateY(15%)}.main-menu .menu ul{line-height:20px;z-index:1}.main-menu .menu .mega-cat-more-links .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-link-column .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-recent-featured-list .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .sub-menu .tie-menu-icon{width:20px}.main-menu .menu-sub-content{background:var(--main-nav-background);display:none;padding:15px;width:230px;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.main-menu .menu-sub-content a{width:200px}.main-menu ul li:hover>.menu-sub-content,.main-menu ul li[aria-expanded=true]>.mega-menu-block,.main-menu ul li[aria-expanded=true]>ul{display:block;z-index:1}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:5px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-5px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{content:"";width:20px;height:2px;position:absolute;margin-top:17px;left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);background:#2c2f34;transition:0.3s}nav.main-nav.menu-style-solid-bg .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a,nav.main-nav.menu-style-solid-bg .menu>li:hover>a{background-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);color:var(--main-nav-contrast-primary-color)}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-bottom-width:10px!important;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:-10px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu+.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:none!important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu+.tie-current-menu>a:after{display:none!important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{position:absolute;content:"";width:0;height:0;background-color:transparent;border-top:10px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-right:10px solid transparent;bottom:-10px;left:100%;filter:brightness(80%)}nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.mega-menu:hover:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.mega-menu:hover>a:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.menu-item-has-children:hover:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-side-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu.menu-item-has-children:hover>a:after{display:none}nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a,nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li:hover>a{color:var(--main-nav-primary-color)!important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:before,nav.main-nav.menu-style-minimal .menu>li:hover>a:before{border-top-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color)!important}nav.main-nav.menu-style-border-bottom .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:3px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-3px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-border-top .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-top:3px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-3px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li>a:after{content:"";left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);height:3px;position:absolute;margin-top:14px;background:var(--main-nav-primary-color);transition:0.4s;width:0}nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after,nav.main-nav.menu-style-line .menu>li:hover>a:after{width:50%}nav.main-nav.menu-style-arrow .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{border-color:#fff transparent transparent;border-top-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);border-style:solid;border-width:7px 7px 0;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:0!important;width:0;content:"";position:absolute}nav.main-nav.menu-style-vertical-line .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{content:"";width:2px;height:20px;position:absolute;margin-top:17px;left:50%;right:auto;transform:translateX(-50%);bottom:0;background:var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child:not(.mega-menu){position:relative}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child>.menu-sub-content{right:0;left:auto}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrap .menu>li:only-child>.menu-sub-content ul{left:auto;right:100%}nav.main-nav .components>li:hover>a{color:var(--brand-color)}.main-nav .components li a:hover,.main-nav .menu ul li.current-menu-item:not(.mega-link-column)>a,.main-nav .menu ul li:hover>a:not(.megamenu-pagination){color:var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-nav .components li a,.main-nav .menu a{color:var(--main-nav-text-color)}.main-nav .components li a.button:hover,.main-nav .components li a.checkout-button,.main-nav .components li.custom-menu-button:hover a.button{color:var(--main-nav-contrast-primary-color)}.main-nav-light{--main-nav-background:#FFFFFF;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,0.03);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:var(--base-color);--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}.main-nav-light.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95)}.main-nav-dark{--main-nav-background:#1f2024;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:#FFFFFF;--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(225,255,255,0.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.07);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.04)}.main-nav-dark .main-nav,.main-nav-dark .main-nav ul.cats-horizontal li a{border-width:0}.main-nav-dark .main-nav.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(31,32,36,0.95)}}@media (min-width:992px){.mega-menu>a:before,header .menu-item-has-children>a:before{content:"";position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;bottom:auto;transform:translateY(-50%);font-family:"tiefonticon"!important;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;content:"\f079";font-size:11px;line-height:1}.mega-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:before,header .menu-item-has-children .menu-item-has-children>a:before{content:"\f106";font-size:15px}.menu .mega-menu:not(.is-icon-only)>a,.menu>.menu-item-has-children:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-right:25px}}@media (min-width:992px){.main-nav-boxed .main-nav{border-width:0}.main-nav-boxed .main-menu-wrapper{float:left;width:100%;background-color:var(--main-nav-background);padding-right:15px}.main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .main-menu-wrapper{border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color)}.dark-skin .main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .main-menu-wrapper{border-width:0}.main-nav-boxed.main-nav-light .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper{border-color:transparent}.main-nav-above.top-nav-above #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){top:-1px}.main-nav-below.top-nav-below #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){bottom:-1px}.dark-skin .main-nav-below.top-nav-above #main-nav{border-width:0}.dark-skin .main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav #main-nav{border-top-width:0}}.main-nav-boxed .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper,.main-nav-boxed .main-nav:not(.fixed-nav),.theme-header:not(.main-nav-boxed) .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper{background:transparent!important}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .main-nav{margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:0}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .breaking-title{top:0;margin-bottom:-1px}}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav-wrapper{z-index:9}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav{margin-bottom:-1px;bottom:0;border-top-width:0}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .top-nav{margin-top:-1px}}.header-layout-1.has-shadow:not(.top-nav-below) .main-nav{border-bottom:0}#theme-header.header-layout-1>div:only-child nav{border-width:0!important}@media only screen and (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1100px){.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a:before{display:none}.main-nav .menu>li.is-icon-only>a{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}.menu-tiny-label{font-size:10px;border-radius:10px;padding:2px 7px 3px;margin-left:3px;line-height:1;position:relative;top:-1px}.menu-tiny-label.menu-tiny-circle{border-radius:100%}@media (max-width:991px){#sticky-logo{display:none}}#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo,#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) .flex-placeholder{display:none}@media (min-width:992px){#sticky-logo{overflow:hidden;float:left;vertical-align:middle}#sticky-logo a{line-height:1;display:inline-block}#sticky-logo img{position:relative;vertical-align:middle;padding:8px 10px;top:-1px;max-height:50px}.header-layout-1 #sticky-logo img,.just-before-sticky #sticky-logo img{padding:0}.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo{display:none}.theme-header #sticky-logo img{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;width:0!important;transform:translateY(75%);transition:transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.55,0,0.1,1),opacity 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.55,0,0.1,1)}.theme-header.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo img{transition:none}.theme-header:not(.header-layout-1) #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo img{margin-left:-20px}.header-layout-1 .flex-placeholder{flex-grow:1}}.theme-header .fixed-nav{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0;bottom:auto!important;z-index:100;will-change:transform;transform:translateY(-100%);transition:transform 0.3s;box-shadow:rgba(99,99,99,0.2) 0px 2px 8px 0px;border-width:0;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95)}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky){line-height:60px!important}@media (min-width:992px){.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) .header-layout-1-logo{display:none}}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) #sticky-logo{display:block}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.just-before-sticky) #sticky-logo img{opacity:1;visibility:visible;width:auto!important;transform:translateY(0)}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1:not(.just-before-sticky):not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) .fixed-nav #sticky-logo{display:block}}.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:32px}@media (max-width:782px){.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:46px}}@media (max-width:600px){.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:0}}@media (min-width:992px){.border-layout .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:25px}.border-layout.admin-bar .theme-header .fixed-nav{top:57px}}.theme-header .fixed-nav .container{opacity:0.95}.theme-header .fixed-nav .main-menu,.theme-header .fixed-nav .main-menu-wrapper{border-top:0}.theme-header .fixed-nav.fixed-unpinned:not(.default-behavior-mode) .main-menu .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom-width:0;margin-bottom:0}.theme-header .fixed-nav.unpinned-no-transition{transition:none}.theme-header .fixed-nav:not(.fixed-unpinned):not(.fixed-pinned) .tie-current-menu{border:none!important}.theme-header .default-behavior-mode.fixed-unpinned,.theme-header .fixed-pinned{transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}@media (max-width:991px){.theme-header .fixed-nav{transition:none}.fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-nav-slide.sticky-down,.fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-up,.fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-nav-slide.sticky-down,.fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-up{transition:transform 0.4s ease}.sticky-type-slide .fixed-nav#main-nav.sticky-nav-slide-visible,.sticky-type-slide .fixed-nav.logo-container.sticky-nav-slide-visible{transform:translateY(0)}.fixed-nav.default-behavior-mode{transform:none!important}}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-wrapper header#theme-header{box-shadow:none;background:transparent!important}.header-layout-1 .main-nav,.logo-container{border-width:0;box-shadow:0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.header-layout-1.top-nav-below .main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){box-shadow:none}.is-header-layout-1.has-header-ad .top-nav-below .main-nav{border-bottom-width:1px}.header-layout-1 .main-nav,.logo-container{background-color:#ffffff}.dark-skin .logo-container,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#1f2024}.dark-skin #theme-header .logo-container.fixed-nav{background-color:rgba(31,32,36,0.95)}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-below-main-nav .main-nav{margin-bottom:0}#sticky-nav-mask,.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap,.header-layout-2 .main-nav-wrapper,.header-layout-3 .main-nav-wrapper{display:none}.main-menu-wrapper .main-menu-wrap{width:100%}}</style> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1'/> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <title>CVD 2024: Opening Minds - IEEE-USA InSight</title> <meta name="description" content="CVD 2024 was overall a great experience, filled with memories, stories, and ideas worth spreading."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="CVD 2024: Opening Minds"/> <meta property="og:description" content="CVD 2024 was overall a great experience, filled with memories, stories, and ideas worth spreading."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE-USA InSight"/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-05-20T18:14:16+00:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-20T21:47:13+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-scaled.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2560"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1440"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/> <meta name="author" content="Matthew Conti"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ieeeusainsight"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ieeeusainsight"/> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"/> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Matthew Conti"/> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time"/> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="5 minutes"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/"},"author":{"name":"Matthew Conti","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/person/ea5a2a97561f6f6bb4845b11f0c33956"},"headline":"CVD 2024: Opening Minds","datePublished":"2024-05-20T18:14:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-20T21:47:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/"},"wordCount":949,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-scaled.jpg","keywords":["CVD"],"articleSection":["Federal Budget","IEEE-USA in Action","Immigration Reform","Innovation & Competitiveness","Public Policy Issues","Research & Development"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/","name":"CVD 2024: Opening Minds - IEEE-USA InSight","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2024-05-20T18:14:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-20T21:47:13+00:00","description":"CVD 2024 was overall a great experience, filled with memories, stories, and ideas worth spreading.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#primaryimage","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1440,"caption":"Left to right: IEEE members Krishnakumar Sivagnanam, Murty Polavarapu and Matthew Conti pose with staff from Virginia Rep. Gerald Connelly's office."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"CVD 2024: Opening Minds"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#website","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","name":"IEEE-USA InSight","description":"Articles, essays and opinion pieces on tech careers and tech policy issues.","publisher":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#organization","name":"IEEE-USA InSight","alternateName":"IEEE-USA","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/ieee-usa_insight-login-logo.png","contentUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/ieee-usa_insight-login-logo.png","width":300,"height":120,"caption":"IEEE-USA InSight"},"image":{"@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/ieeeusa","https://x.com/ieeeusainsight","https://www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/","https://www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/","https://www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"],"description":"IEEE-USA is an organizational unit of IEEE, created in 1973 to support the career and public policy interests of IEEE’s U.S. members. IEEE-USA is primarily supported by an annual assessment paid by U.S. IEEE Members. Through its products and services, IEEE-USA serves as a resource for enhancing the professional growth and career advancement of U.S. IEEE Members. And through its Government Relations programs, IEEE-USA works with all three branches of the federal government to help shape the workforce and technology policy to the benefit of members, the profession and the American public. IEEE-USA’s mission, as outlined in the IEEE Bylaws, is to recommend policies and implement programs specifically intended to serve and benefit the members, the profession and the public in the United States in appropriate professional areas of economic, ethical, legislative, social and technology policy concern. Our vision is to serve the U.S. IEEE member by being the technical professional’s best resource for achieving lifelong career vitality and by providing an effective voice on policies that promote U.S. prosperity. IEEE-USA InSight is the flagship publication of IEEE-USA.","foundingDate":"1973-01-01","publishingPrinciples":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/about-contact/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/person/ea5a2a97561f6f6bb4845b11f0c33956","name":"Matthew Conti","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/MC-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/MC-150x150.jpg","caption":"Matthew Conti"},"description":"Matthew Conti is a recognized Pioneer in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques currently at ICF Next as a Senior User Experience Architect.","url":"https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/author/mconti/"}]}</script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE-USA InSight » Feed" href="/feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE-USA InSight » Comments Feed" href="/comments/feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE-USA InSight » CVD 2024: Opening Minds Comments Feed" href="feed/"/> <style type="text/css"> :root{ --tie-preset-gradient-1: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(6, 147, 227, 1) 0%, rgb(155, 81, 224) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-2: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(122, 220, 180) 0%, rgb(0, 208, 130) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-3: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(252, 185, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(255, 105, 0, 1) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-4: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 105, 0, 1) 0%, rgb(207, 46, 46) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-5: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(238, 238, 238) 0%, rgb(169, 184, 195) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-6: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(74, 234, 220) 0%, rgb(151, 120, 209) 20%, rgb(207, 42, 186) 40%, rgb(238, 44, 130) 60%, rgb(251, 105, 98) 80%, rgb(254, 248, 76) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-7: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 206, 236) 0%, rgb(152, 150, 240) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-8: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(254, 205, 165) 0%, rgb(254, 45, 45) 50%, rgb(107, 0, 62) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-9: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 203, 112) 0%, rgb(199, 81, 192) 50%, rgb(65, 88, 208) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-10: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(255, 245, 203) 0%, rgb(182, 227, 212) 50%, rgb(51, 167, 181) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-11: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(202, 248, 128) 0%, rgb(113, 206, 126) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-12: linear-gradient(135deg, rgb(2, 3, 129) 0%, rgb(40, 116, 252) 100%); --tie-preset-gradient-13: linear-gradient(135deg, #4D34FA, #ad34fa); --tie-preset-gradient-14: linear-gradient(135deg, #0057FF, #31B5FF); --tie-preset-gradient-15: linear-gradient(135deg, #FF007A, #FF81BD); --tie-preset-gradient-16: linear-gradient(135deg, #14111E, #4B4462); --tie-preset-gradient-17: linear-gradient(135deg, #F32758, #FFC581); --main-nav-background: #FFFFFF; --main-nav-secondry-background: rgba(0,0,0,0.03); --main-nav-primary-color: #0088ff; --main-nav-contrast-primary-color: #FFFFFF; --main-nav-text-color: #2c2f34; --main-nav-secondry-text-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); --main-nav-main-border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1); --main-nav-secondry-border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.08); } </style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><style id='filebird-block-filebird-gallery-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery{margin:auto!important;padding:0!important;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid{display:grid;grid-gap:20px;align-items:stretch;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--columns),1fr);justify-items:stretch}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid li img{border:1px solid #ccc;box-shadow:2px 2px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%;max-width:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry{-moz-column-count:var(--columns);-moz-column-gap:var(--space);column-gap:var(--space);-moz-column-width:var(--min-width);columns:var(--min-width) var(--columns);display:block;overflow:auto}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry li{margin-bottom:var(--space)}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li{list-style:none}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure{height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.7),rgba(0,0,0,.3) 70%,transparent);bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;font-size:.8em;margin:0;max-height:100%;overflow:auto;padding:3em .77em .7em;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:2}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption a{color:inherit} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--global-color: #d54414;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href="/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href="/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href="/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/tablepress-combined.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-print-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/print.css" type='text/css' media='print'/> <link rel='stylesheet' id='__EPYT__style-css' href="/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/styles/ytprefs.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <style id='__EPYT__style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .epyt-gallery-thumb { width: 33.333%; } .wf-active body{font-family: 'Poppins';}.wf-active .logo-text,.wf-active h1,.wf-active h2,.wf-active h3,.wf-active h4,.wf-active h5,.wf-active h6,.wf-active .the-subtitle{font-family: 'Roboto';}.wf-active #main-nav .main-menu > ul > li > a{font-family: 'Roboto';}html body{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html #logo.text-logo .logo-text{font-size: 36px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html #top-nav .top-menu > ul > li > a{font-size: 12px;}html #top-nav{line-height: 1.5em}html #top-nav .top-menu > ul ul li a{font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.5;}html #main-nav .main-menu > ul > li > a{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 700;text-transform: uppercase;}html #main-nav .main-menu > ul ul li a{font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;}html #mobile-menu li a{font-size: 16px;text-transform: uppercase;}html .breaking .breaking-title{font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;}html .ticker-wrapper .ticker-content{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 600;}html body .button,html body [type="submit"]{font-size: 15px;font-weight: 800;text-transform: uppercase;}html #breadcrumb{font-size: 14px;font-weight: 300;line-height: 1.5;}html .post-cat{font-size: 14px;font-weight: 600;}html .entry-header h1.entry-title{font-size: 32px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html h1.page-title{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html #the-post .entry-content,html #the-post .entry-content p{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.75;}html .comment-list .comment-body p{font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75;}html #the-post .entry-content blockquote,html #the-post .entry-content blockquote p{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box-title h3{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h2{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h3{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .container-404 h4{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html .section-title.section-title-default,html .section-title-centered{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html .section-title-big{font-size: 34px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}html #tie-wrapper .copyright-text{font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.5;}html #footer .widget-title .the-subtitle{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;}html .entry h1{font-size: 32px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h2{font-size: 22px;line-height: 1.25;}html .entry h3{font-size: 20px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h4{font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h5{font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;}html .entry h6{font-size: 13px;line-height: 1.5;}html #tie-wrapper .widget-title .the-subtitle,html #tie-wrapper #comments-title,html #tie-wrapper .comment-reply-title,html #tie-wrapper .woocommerce-tabs .panel h2,html #tie-wrapper .related.products h2,html #tie-wrapper #bbpress-forums #new-post > fieldset.bbp-form > legend,html #tie-wrapper .entry-content .review-box-header{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;}html .post-widget-body .post-title,html .timeline-widget ul li h3,html .posts-list-half-posts li .post-title{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 600;line-height: 1;}html #tie-wrapper .media-page-layout .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.full-width-img-news-box .posts-items>li .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .miscellaneous-box .posts-items>li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .big-thumb-left-box .posts-items li:first-child .post-title{font-size: 22px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.wide-post-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-left-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-top-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.half-box li:first-child .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-posts-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.mini-posts-box .posts-items>li:nth-child(n) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.latest-poroducts-box .products .product h2{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-left-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-post-top-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.half-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.big-thumb-left-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.scrolling-box .slide .post-title,html #tie-wrapper .mag-box.miscellaneous-box li:not(:first-child) .post-title{font-size: 16px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}@media (min-width: 992px){html .full-width .fullwidth-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .wide-slider-with-navfor-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .full-width .boxed-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-title{font-size: 26px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 992px){html .has-sidebar .fullwidth-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .wide-slider-with-navfor-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-content .thumb-title,html .has-sidebar .boxed-slider-wrapper .thumb-overlay .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-3-slides .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-5-first-big .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-5-big-centerd .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-4-big-first-half-second .slide .grid-item:nth-child(1) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-2-big .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .wide-slider-three-slids-wrapper .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}@media (min-width: 768px){html #tie-wrapper .boxed-slider-three-slides-wrapper .slide .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-3-slides .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-first-big .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-big-centerd .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-4-big-first-half-second .slide .grid-item:nth-child(n+2) .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-5-in-rows .grid-item:nth-child(n) .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .main-slider.grid-4-slides .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .grid-6-slides .thumb-overlay .thumb-title,html #tie-wrapper .boxed-four-taller-slider .slide .thumb-title{font-size: 20px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;}}:root:root{--brand-color: #d54414;--dark-brand-color: #a31200;--bright-color: #FFFFFF;--base-color: #2c2f34;}#reading-position-indicator{box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba( 213,68,20,0.7);}html :root:root{--brand-color: #d54414;--dark-brand-color: #a31200;--bright-color: #FFFFFF;--base-color: #2c2f34;}html #reading-position-indicator{box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba( 213,68,20,0.7);}html .main-slider .slide-bg,html .main-slider .slide{background-position: center center;}html a,html body .entry a,html .dark-skin body .entry a,html .comment-list .comment-content a{color: #183a5e;}html a:hover,html body .entry a:hover,html .dark-skin body .entry a:hover,html .comment-list .comment-content a:hover{color: #d54414;}html #content a:hover{text-decoration: underline !important;}html .container-wrapper,html .the-global-title,html .comment-reply-title,html .tabs,html .flex-tabs .flexMenu-popup,html .magazine1 .tabs-vertical .tabs li a,html .magazine1 .tabs-vertical:after,html .mag-box .show-more-button,html .white-bg .social-icons-item a,html textarea,html input,html select,html .toggle,html .post-content-slideshow,html .post-content-slideshow .slider-nav-wrapper,html .share-buttons-bottom,html .pages-numbers a,html .pages-nav-item,html .first-last-pages .pagination-icon,html .multiple-post-pages .post-page-numbers,html #story-highlights li,html .review-item,html .review-summary,html .user-rate-wrap,html .review-final-score,html .tabs a{border-color: #d54414 !important;}html .magazine1 .tabs a{border-bottom-color: transparent !important;}html .fullwidth-area .tagcloud a:not(:hover){background: transparent;box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #d54414;}html .subscribe-widget-content .subscribe-subtitle:after,html .white-bg .social-icons-item:before{background-color: #d54414 !important;}html #header-notification-bar{background: var( --tie-preset-gradient-13 );}html #header-notification-bar{--tie-buttons-color: #FFFFFF;--tie-buttons-border-color: #FFFFFF;--tie-buttons-hover-color: #e1e1e1;--tie-buttons-hover-text: #000000;}html #header-notification-bar{--tie-buttons-text: #000000;}html #top-nav,html #top-nav .sub-menu,html #top-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #top-nav .ticker-content,html #top-nav .ticker-swipe,html .top-nav-boxed #top-nav .topbar-wrapper,html .top-nav-dark .top-menu ul,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav{background-color : #262626;}html #top-nav *,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav{border-color: rgba( #FFFFFF,0.08);}html #top-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color: #262626;}html #top-nav a:not(:hover),html #top-nav input,html #top-nav #search-submit,html #top-nav .fa-spinner,html #top-nav .dropdown-social-icons li a span,html #top-nav .components > li .social-link:not(:hover) span,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav a{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input::-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input:-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input:-ms-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav,html .search-in-top-nav{--tie-buttons-color: #ffffff;--tie-buttons-border-color: #ffffff;--tie-buttons-text: #000000;--tie-buttons-hover-color: #e1e1e1;}html #top-nav a:hover,html #top-nav .menu li:hover > a,html #top-nav .menu > .tie-current-menu > a,html #top-nav .components > li:hover > a,html #top-nav .components #search-submit:hover,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-title a:hover{color: #ffffff;}html #top-nav,html #top-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #top-nav .tie-weather-widget{color: #ffffff;}html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-meta,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-top-nav .post-meta a:not(:hover){color: rgba( 255,255,255,0.7 );}html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,html #top-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color: #ffffff !important;}html #main-nav,html #main-nav .menu-sub-content,html #main-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #main-nav ul.cats-vertical li a.is-active,html #main-nav ul.cats-vertical li a:hover,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav{background-color: #993300;}html #main-nav{border-width: 0;}html #theme-header #main-nav:not(.fixed-nav){bottom: 0;}html #main-nav .icon-basecloud-bg:after{color: #993300;}html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav{border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.07);}html .main-nav-boxed #main-nav .main-menu-wrapper{border-width: 0;}html #main-nav a:not(:hover),html #main-nav a.social-link:not(:hover) span,html #main-nav .dropdown-social-icons li a span,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav a{color: #ffffff;}html #theme-header:not(.main-nav-boxed) #main-nav,html .main-nav-boxed .main-menu-wrapper{border-bottom-color:#d54414 !important;border-bottom-width:3px !important;border-style: solid;border-right: 0 none;border-left : 0 none;}html .main-nav-boxed #main-nav.fixed-nav{box-shadow: none;}html #main-nav,html #main-nav input,html #main-nav #search-submit,html #main-nav .fa-spinner,html #main-nav .comp-sub-menu,html #main-nav .tie-weather-widget{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input::-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input:-moz-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input:-ms-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color: #ffffff;}html #main-nav .mega-menu .post-meta,html #main-nav .mega-menu .post-meta a,html #autocomplete-suggestions.search-in-main-nav .post-meta{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);}html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud,html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-basecloud-bg,html #main-nav .weather-icon .icon-cloud-behind{color: #ffffff !important;}html #the-post .entry-content a:not(.shortc-button){color: #d54414 !important;}html #the-post .entry-content a:not(.shortc-button):hover{color: #183a5e !important;}html #site-info{background-color: #262626;}@media (max-width: 991px) {html #tie-wrapper #theme-header,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav .main-menu-wrapper,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container{background: transparent;}html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header .logo-container.fixed-nav,html #tie-wrapper #theme-header #main-nav{background-color: #d54414;}html .mobile-header-components .components .comp-sub-menu{background-color: #d54414;}}html #tie-wrapper #theme-header{background-color: #d54414;}@media (min-width: 1200px){html .container{width: auto;}}html .boxed-layout #tie-wrapper,html .boxed-layout .fixed-nav{max-width: 1290px;}@media (min-width: 1260px){html .container,html .wide-next-prev-slider-wrapper .slider-main-container{max-width: 1260px;}}html .side-aside.dark-skin a.remove:not(:hover)::before,html #mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item a:not(:hover) span{color: #ffffff!important;}html .mobile-header-components li.custom-menu-link > a,html #mobile-menu-icon .menu-text{color: #ffffff!important;}html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon,html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:before,html #mobile-menu-icon .nav-icon:after{background-color: #ffffff!important;}.entry { font-size: 18px !important;}#breadcrumb,#breadcrumb a:not(:hover) { color: #262626 !important;}.mag-box .post-excerpt { line-height:1.35em !important;font-size:15px !important;}.entry-header .entry-sub-title { font-size: 22px !important; font-weight: 600 !important; color: #303030 !important;}.entry-header .post-meta { font-size: 14px !important;}.main-menu .mega-recent-post .post-box-title a { font-family: "Montserrat" !important; font-weight: 900 !important;}#breadcrumb { margin: 20px 0px 20px 0px !important;}.magazine2 .mag-box,.magazine2 .sidebar .container-wrapper,.magazine2 .sidebar .tie-weather-widget,.magazine2 .widget-content-only { margin-bottom: 20px !important;}html #top-nav { background-color: #262626; padding-top: 7px;}.entry li,.comment-content li { margin: 0 0 18px 0 !important;}.main-menu .mega-recent-post .post-box-title a { font-family: "Roboto" !important; font-weight: 900 !important;}.mega-menu a.mega-menu-link { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700 !important; border: 0; display: block;}.single-caption-text { position: absolute !important; bottom: 0 !important; right: 0 !important; padding: 1px 15px !important; background: #eee !important; color: #d54414 !important; line-height: 1.8 !important; font-size: 80% !important;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="__ytprefs__-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _EPYT_ = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","security":"432ae876fd","gallery_scrolloffset":"20","eppathtoscripts":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus-pro\/scripts\/","eppath":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus-pro\/","epresponsiveselector":"[\"iframe.__youtube_prefs_widget__\"]","epdovol":"1","version":"14.2.1.2","evselector":"iframe.__youtube_prefs__[src], iframe[src*=\"youtube.com\/embed\/\"], iframe[src*=\"youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/\"]","ajax_compat":"","maxres_facade":"eager","ytapi_load":"light","pause_others":"","stopMobileBuffer":"1","facade_mode":"","not_live_on_channel":"","not_live_showtime":"180","vi_active":"","vi_js_posttypes":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/scripts/ytprefs.min.js" id="__ytprefs__-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="/wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/5219"/><link rel='shortlink' href="/?p=5219"/> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finsight.ieeeusa.org%2Farticles%2Fcvd-2024-opening-minds%2F"/> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Finsight.ieeeusa.org%2Farticles%2Fcvd-2024-opening-minds%2F&format=xml"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KFP56RM');</script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('756-GPH-899'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-TOP', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ARTICLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-MIDDLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653084389620-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-LP-BOTTOM', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653083977638-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ABOVE-FOOTER', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-SIDEBAR-TOP', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1652890388518-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-SKYSCRAPER-SIDE', [300, 600], 'div-gpt-ad-1653586221580-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/97903057/INSIGHT-LB-ABOVE-ARTICLE', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-1682019234863-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <meta name="theme-color" content="#d54414"/><link rel="amphtml" href="amp/"><link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-180x180.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/02/cropped-IS-icon7-270x270.png"/> </head> <body id="tie-body" class="post-template-default single single-post postid-5219 single-format-standard tie-no-js wrapper-has-shadow block-head-8 magazine2 is-lazyload is-thumb-overlay-disabled is-desktop is-header-layout-3 has-header-ad sidebar-right has-sidebar post-layout-3 wide-title-narrow-media is-standard-format has-mobile-share hide_banner_top hide_banner_above_content hide_breaking_news hide_read_more_buttons hide_share_post_top hide_read_next hide_related hide_back_top_button"> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KFP56RM" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="background-overlay"> <div id="tie-container" class="site tie-container"> <div id="tie-wrapper"> <header id="theme-header" class="theme-header header-layout-3 main-nav-light main-nav-default-light main-nav-below has-stream-item top-nav-active top-nav-dark top-nav-default-dark top-nav-above has-normal-width-logo has-custom-sticky-logo mobile-header-centered"> <nav id="top-nav" class="has-menu-components top-nav header-nav" aria-label="Secondary Navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="topbar-wrapper"> <div class="tie-alignleft"> <div class="top-menu header-menu"><ul id="menu-top-bar-ieee-identity" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-6" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6"><a href="//www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7"><a href="//ieeexplore.ieee.org/">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8"><a href="//standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9"><a href="//spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-10"><a href="//www.ieee.org/sitemap">More Sites</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="tie-alignright"> <ul class="components"> <li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="/feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container header-container"> <div class="tie-row logo-row"> <div class="logo-wrapper"> <div class="tie-col-md-4 logo-container clearfix"> <div id="mobile-header-components-area_1" class="mobile-header-components"></div> <div id="logo" class="image-logo" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <a title="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" href="/"> <picture class="tie-logo-default tie-logo-picture"> <source class="tie-logo-source-default tie-logo-source" srcset="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo-x2.png 2x, https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo.png 1x"> <img class="tie-logo-img-default tie-logo-img" src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo.png" alt="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" width="275" height="110" style="max-height:110px; width: auto;"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div id="mobile-header-components-area_2" class="mobile-header-components"><ul class="components"><li class="mobile-component_menu custom-menu-link"><a href="#" id="mobile-menu-icon"><span class="tie-mobile-menu-icon nav-icon is-layout-1"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="tie-col-md-8 stream-item stream-item-top-wrapper"><div class="stream-item-top"><span class="stream-title">Advertisement</span><div class="stream-item-size"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1652890304590-0'); }); </script> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav-wrapper"> <nav id="main-nav" data-skin="search-in-main-nav" class="main-nav header-nav live-search-parent menu-style-default menu-style-solid-bg" aria-label="Primary Navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-menu-wrapper"> <div id="menu-components-wrap"> <div id="sticky-logo" class="image-logo"> <a title="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" href="/"> <picture class="tie-logo-default tie-logo-picture"> <source class="tie-logo-source-default tie-logo-source" srcset="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/10/IS-icon-new-2022.jpg"> <img class="tie-logo-img-default tie-logo-img" src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/10/IS-icon-new-2022.jpg" alt="IEEE-USA InSight Logo" style="max-height:49px; width: auto;"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="flex-placeholder"></div> <div class="main-menu main-menu-wrap"> <div id="main-nav-menu" class="main-menu header-menu"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-22 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="1"><a href="../category/careers/">Careers</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3776" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3776"><a href="/careers/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> Careers Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3779"><a href="../category/careers/career-skills/">Career Skills</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3777" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3777"><a href="../category/careers/career-columns/">Career Columns</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3783" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3783"><a href="../category/careers/licensure-registration/">Licensure & Registration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3781"><a href="../category/careers/employment/">Employment InSights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3780" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3780"><a href="../category/careers/consulting/">Consulting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3782" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3782"><a href="../category/careers/entrepreneurship/">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3778"><a href="../category/careers/resources/">Career Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3784" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3784"><a href="../category/careers/students-yps/">Students & YPs</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-24" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-24 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="11"><a href="../category/public-policy/">Public Policy</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3725" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3725"><a href="/public-policy/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> Public Policy Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-3731"><a href="../category/public-policy/issues/">Public Policy Issues</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3732" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3732"><a href="../category/public-policy/legislative-updates/">Legislative Updates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3730" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3730"><a href="../category/public-policy/government-fellowships/">Government Fellowships</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3793"><a href="../category/public-policy/wise/">WISE Internships</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-23 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="19"><a href="../category/infocus/">IEEE-USA in Focus</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="mega-recent-featured-list sub-list"> <li id="menu-item-3786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3786"><a href="/ieee-usa-infocus/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="tie-menu-icon fas fa-home"></span> IEEE-USA InFocus Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3787"><a href="../category/infocus/awards-recognition/">Awards & Recognition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3788"><a href="../category/infocus/conferences-events/">Conferences & Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-3789"><a href="../category/infocus/ieee-usa-in-action/">IEEE-USA in Action</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3790"><a href="../category/infocus/ieee-usa-leaders/">IEEE-USA Leaders</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3791"><a href="../category/infocus/products-services/">Products & Services</a></li> </ul> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-3493" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3493 mega-menu mega-recent-featured mega-menu-posts " data-id="28"><a href="../category/views/">Views</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <div class="mega-menu-content"> <div class="mega-ajax-content"> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-3832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3832"><a href="/latest/">Latest</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-25 mega-menu mega-links mega-links-4col "><a href="../category/views/">Popular</a> <div class="mega-menu-block menu-sub-content"> <ul class="sub-menu-columns"> <li id="menu-item-3490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-3490 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="#">Popular Articles</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-5469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5469"><a href="../ieee-usa-releases-2024-salary-benefits-report/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>IEEE-USA Releases 2024 Salary & Benefits Report</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5471" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5471"><a href="../the-cost-of-misalignment-how-shift-shock-impacts-employees-and-employers/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>The Cost of Misalignment: How Shift Shock Impacts Employees and Employers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5470"><a href="../icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-4200 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="../category/careers/career-columns/">Career Columns</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-4196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4196"><a href="../category/careers/career-columns/career-power-up/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Career Power-Up</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4197"><a href="../category/careers/career-columns/career-reset/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Career Reset</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4198"><a href="../category/careers/career-columns/cogent-communicator/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Cogent Communicator</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4199" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-4199"><a href="../category/careers/career-columns/lessons-on-leadership/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Lessons on Leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-3880 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="../category/public-policy/issues/">Popular Policy Issues</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-3881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3881"><a href="../category/public-policy/issues/artificial-intelligence/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3882"><a href="../category/public-policy/issues/cybersecurity/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Cybersecurity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3883"><a href="../category/public-policy/issues/energy/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-3884"><a href="../category/public-policy/issues/immigration/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Immigration Reform</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-3886 mega-link-column "><a class="mega-links-head" href="../category/infocus/">IEEE-USA InFocus</a> <ul class="sub-menu-columns-item"> <li id="menu-item-3888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3888"><a href="../category/infocus/awards-recognition/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Awards & Recognition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3889"><a href="../category/infocus/conferences-events/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Conferences & Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3890"><a href="../category/infocus/products-services/"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="mega-links-default-icon"></span>Products & Services</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="menu-item-26" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26"><a target="_blank" href="//engage.ieee.org/IEEE-USA-InSight-Sign-Up.html">SUBSCRIBE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27"><a target="_blank" href="//www.ieee.org/membership/join/ieeeusa-join-renew.html">JOIN IEEE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-28"><a target="_blank" href="//ieeeusa.org/">IEEEUSA.ORG</a> <ul class="sub-menu menu-sub-content"> <li id="menu-item-4329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4329"><a href="//ieeeusa.org/advertise/">Advertise with Us</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> <ul class="components"> <li class="search-compact-icon menu-item custom-menu-link"> <a href="#" class="tie-search-trigger"> <span class="tie-icon-search tie-search-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-styles-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/style.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-styles')</script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-single-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/single.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-single')</script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-shortcodes-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/plugins/shortcodes.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-shortcodes')</script> <div class="container fullwidth-entry-title-wrapper"> <div class="container-wrapper fullwidth-entry-title"> <header class="entry-header-outer"> <nav id="breadcrumb"><a href="/"><span class="tie-icon-home" aria-hidden="true"></span> Home</a><em class="delimiter">/</em><a href="../category/infocus/">IEEE-USA InFocus</a><em class="delimiter">/</em><a href="../category/infocus/ieee-usa-in-action/">IEEE-USA in Action</a><em class="delimiter">/</em><span class="current">CVD 2024: Opening Minds</span></nav><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"#Breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"name":"Home","@id":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"name":"IEEE-USA InFocus","@id":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/articles\/category\/infocus\/"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"name":"IEEE-USA in Action","@id":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/articles\/category\/infocus\/ieee-usa-in-action\/"}}]}</script> <div class="entry-header"> <span class="post-cat-wrap"><a class="post-cat tie-cat-124" href="../category/public-policy/issues/federal-budget/">Federal Budget</a><a class="post-cat tie-cat-43" href="../category/infocus/ieee-usa-in-action/">IEEE-USA in Action</a><a class="post-cat tie-cat-158" href="../category/public-policy/issues/immigration/">Immigration Reform</a><a class="post-cat tie-cat-14" href="../category/public-policy/issues/innovation-competitiveness/">Innovation & Competitiveness</a><a class="post-cat tie-cat-121" href="../category/public-policy/issues/">Public Policy Issues</a><a class="post-cat tie-cat-65" href="../category/public-policy/issues/research-development/">Research & Development</a></span> <h1 class="post-title entry-title"> CVD 2024: Opening Minds </h1> <h2 class="entry-sub-title">By Matthew Conti</h2> <div class="single-post-meta post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">20 May 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-comment tie-icon meta-item fa-before">0</span><span class="meta-views meta-item very-hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 539 </span><span class="meta-reading-time meta-item"><span class="tie-icon-bookmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> 4 minutes read</span> </div></div> </div> </header> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content container"><div id="main-content-row" class="tie-row main-content-row"> <div class="main-content tie-col-md-8 tie-col-xs-12" role="main"> <article id="the-post" class="container-wrapper post-content tie-standard"> <div class="featured-area"><div class="featured-area-inner"><figure class="single-featured-image"><img width="780" height="470" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-post size-jannah-image-post lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="CVD 2024: Opening Minds" data-main-img="1" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/CVD2024-780x470.jpg" loading="lazy"/> <figcaption class="single-caption-text"> <span class="tie-icon-camera" aria-hidden="true"></span> Left to right: IEEE members Krishnakumar Sivagnanam, Murty Polavarapu and Matthew Conti pose with staff from Virginia Rep. Gerald Connelly's office. </figcaption> </figure></div></div> <div id="share-buttons-top" class="share-buttons share-buttons-top"> <div class="share-links icons-only share-rounded"> <div class="share-title"> <span class="tie-icon-share" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span> Share</span> </div> <a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Facebook" target="_blank" class="facebook-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&via=ieeeusainsight" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="X" target="_blank" class="twitter-share-btn " data-raw="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={post_title}&url={post_link}&via=ieeeusainsight"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">X</span> </a> <a href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&title=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" class="linkedin-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url={post_full_link}&title={post_title}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> <a href="fb-messenger://share/?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-mob-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="fb-messenger://share?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-desktop-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="mailto:?subject=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&body=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Share via Email" target="_blank" class="email-share-btn " data-raw="mailto:?subject={post_title}&body={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-envelope"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Share via Email</span> </a> <a href="#" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Print" target="_blank" class="print-share-btn " data-raw="#"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-print"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Print</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="entry-content entry clearfix"> <h2>Coming Together</h2> <p>Participating in the 2024 IEEE-USA Congressional Visits Day (CVD) was refreshing, with an opportunity to partner, expand and implore discourse, while acclimating Members of Congress and their staffers to the IEEE-USA way of thinking about public policy today. These visits involve contemplating norms, both new and old, and ensuring qualitative legislative strategy within meaningful acts of applied innovative engineering.</p> <p>During CVD 2024, a group of national cohorts assembled, tasked with answering big legislative concerns with some of the U.S. government’s most needed priorities, in support of national interests. It all started with leaders from local regions gathering for this two-day event in the heart of the nation’s capital, Washington D.C.</p> <p>We were set out to supercharge national public policy with a powerful narrative of engineers. We first started the morning with an amazing breakfast with IEEE President Tom Coughlin, talking about Artificial Intelligence (AI).</p> <h2>Breakfast of Champions</h2> <p>At breakfast, Tom Coughlin and I engaged in an in-depth conversation about how we currently societally perceive the term “Artificial Intelligence,” versus how historically it has been applied in the most traditional sense. Using examples such as analog calculators, alarm clocks, and spellcheck for a word processing software, we could help policy makers understand the future of AI, by thinking of it within the context of such historical precedents.</p> <p>Tom presented a tangible argument about the significance of proper data usage and data rights associated to the current application of Artificial Intelligence. Too much of the data being used is not being fact checked, cited or even properly assessed for quality. There was a need to explain how current AI policy does not mean we are changing any current understanding of how we do things, per se, but rather how AI should be using some of the aforementioned quality assurance techniques. If there isn’t a reference point of where the starting point can be, you can’t associate the right kind of connections in applied policy legislation.</p> <h2>Driving Change</h2> <p>After the breakfast concluded, we got together with our regional teams to further plan for our interactions with the legislators who influence these big policy decisions. When we got together with Fellows and others from our shared regional senatorial offices, we addressed these concerns. There has been a lingering fear amongst workers that this is something we’ve never seen before, but with enough historical context, they would begin to understand that horse-drawn carriages are now cars. Horsepower for instance, is emblematic of a horse, like a Ford Mustang. A horse without a brain cannot produce power, so in respect to innovation, this is an Artificial Intelligence.</p> <p>I showed legislative staffers a photo of Curtis Priem, a Cofounder of NVIDIA, and me, which segued nicely into a discussion about the <em>CHIPs and Science Act</em>, and some of the issues we are facing today with workforce talent. Also, the fact that chips now have AI built into them sparked a national security conversation about AI-powered cybersecurity, and new national threats of AI-backed cyber warfare, such as AI-powered viruses. IEEE members brought a holistic expert perspective to the world of the national defense posture.</p> <h2>Senate Coffee Shop</h2> <p>Our team had downtime break at a coffee shop in the building of our next meeting, where we discussed the implications of AI, current economic innovations, socio-cultural behaviors in technology landscapes, and how we should leverage tools to solve seen or unforeseen threats. This framing was to shape a narrative that would illustrate how the United States could maintain its status as a global leader in innovation. .</p> <p>These were all significant asks, so, as a distributed group of national experts in various fields, we really wanted to tailor a truly heartfelt message to communicate during our interactions with Members of Congress and staffers, helping them realize the importance of why these were our specific requests.</p> <p>It may have been a tall glass of water for some, but thankfully we had the coffee shop to discuss, plan and hone our messaging.</p> <h2>Meeting of the Minds</h2> <p>When we sat down with the House and Senate offices, we shared our backgrounds and stories, giving context to what we do and what we aspired to have happen by the end of our meetings. During preparation for CVD 2024, I spoke with Lara Sayer, the former Deputy CFO of SOCOM and now Executive Director of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Reform Commission, who was working with the Honorable Ellen Lord, the former U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. I had provided feedback on the PPBE and they reached out to me when the Final Report was created for planning, programming, budgeting, and execution reform for the Department of Defense. During my CVD visits, they wanted me to share Section V on Fostering Innovation, which I did, and it was well received and flagged for further review.</p> <p>During our visits, I also shared examples of how a calculator is a form of AI, and how we invented the exact same chips that we exported to other countries to build with. We also discussed foreign students coming over from other countries, getting PhD educations, but being unable to gain the appropriate visas necessary to stay in the United States because of a visa lottery process.</p> <p>Our hosts appreciated all of the great insight we offered, and felt my calculator example could help lawmakers understand how Artificial Intelligence is not what they thought it was, and how it might be used in creating efficient public policies going forward by creating a better understanding of AI in the congressional space.</p> <p>CVD 2024 was overall a great experience, filled with memories, stories, and ideas worth spreading.</p> <div class="stream-item stream-item-below-post-content"><span class="stream-title">Advertisement</span><div class="stream-item-size"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px; margin-bottom: 30px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653058996696-0'); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="post-bottom-meta post-bottom-tags post-tags-modern"><div class="post-bottom-meta-title"><span class="tie-icon-tags" aria-hidden="true"></span> Tags</div><span class="tagcloud"><a href="../tag/cvd/" rel="tag">CVD</a></span></div> </div> <div id="post-extra-info"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <div class="single-post-meta post-meta clearfix"><span class="date meta-item tie-icon">20 May 2024</span><div class="tie-alignright"><span class="meta-comment tie-icon meta-item fa-before">0</span><span class="meta-views meta-item very-hot"><span class="tie-icon-fire" aria-hidden="true"></span> 539 </span><span class="meta-reading-time meta-item"><span class="tie-icon-bookmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> 4 minutes read</span> </div></div> <div id="share-buttons-top" class="share-buttons share-buttons-top"> <div class="share-links icons-only share-rounded"> <div class="share-title"> <span class="tie-icon-share" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span> Share</span> </div> <a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Facebook" target="_blank" class="facebook-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&via=ieeeusainsight" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="X" target="_blank" class="twitter-share-btn " data-raw="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={post_title}&url={post_link}&via=ieeeusainsight"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">X</span> </a> <a href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&title=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" class="linkedin-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url={post_full_link}&title={post_title}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> <a href="fb-messenger://share/?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-mob-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="fb-messenger://share?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-desktop-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="mailto:?subject=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&body=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Share via Email" target="_blank" class="email-share-btn " data-raw="mailto:?subject={post_title}&body={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-envelope"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Share via Email</span> </a> <a href="#" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Print" target="_blank" class="print-share-btn " data-raw="#"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-print"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Print</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <script id="tie-schema-json" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BlogPosting","dateCreated":"2024-05-20T14:14:16-04:00","datePublished":"2024-05-20T14:14:16-04:00","dateModified":"2024-05-20T17:47:13-04:00","headline":"CVD 2024: Opening Minds","name":"CVD 2024: Opening Minds","keywords":"CVD","url":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/articles\/cvd-2024-opening-minds\/","description":"Coming Together Participating in the 2024 IEEE-USA Congressional Visits Day (CVD) was refreshing, with an opportunity to partner, expand and implore discourse, while acclimating Members of Congress an","copyrightYear":"2024","articleSection":"Federal Budget,IEEE-USA in Action,Immigration Reform,Innovation & Competitiveness,Public Policy Issues,Research & Development","articleBody":"Coming Together\r\nParticipating in the 2024 IEEE-USA Congressional Visits Day (CVD) was refreshing, with an opportunity to partner, expand and implore discourse, while acclimating Members of Congress and their staffers to the IEEE-USA way of thinking about public policy today.\u00a0 These visits involve contemplating norms, both new and old, and ensuring qualitative legislative strategy within meaningful acts of applied innovative engineering.\r\n\r\nDuring CVD 2024, a group of national cohorts assembled, tasked with answering big legislative concerns with some of the U.S. government\u2019s most needed priorities, in support of national interests.\u00a0 It all started with leaders from local regions gathering for this two-day event in the heart of the nation\u2019s capital, Washington D.C.\r\n\r\nWe were set out to supercharge national public policy with a powerful narrative of engineers. \u00a0We first started the morning with an amazing breakfast with IEEE President Tom Coughlin, talking about Artificial Intelligence (AI).\r\nBreakfast of Champions\r\nAt breakfast, Tom Coughlin and I engaged in an in-depth conversation about how we currently societally perceive the term \u201cArtificial Intelligence,\u201d versus how historically it has been applied in the most traditional sense.\u00a0 Using examples such as analog calculators, alarm clocks, and spellcheck for a word processing software, we could help policy makers understand the future of AI, by thinking of it within the context of such historical precedents.\r\n\r\nTom presented a tangible argument about the significance of proper data usage and data rights associated to the current application of Artificial Intelligence.\u00a0 Too much of the data being used is not being fact checked, cited or even properly assessed for quality.\u00a0 There was a need to explain how current AI policy does not mean we are changing any current understanding of how we do things, per se, but rather how AI should be using some of the aforementioned quality assurance techniques.\u00a0 If there isn\u2019t a reference point of where the starting point can be, you can\u2019t associate the right kind of connections in applied policy legislation.\r\nDriving Change\r\nAfter the breakfast concluded, we got together with our regional teams to further plan for our interactions with the legislators who influence these big policy decisions.\u00a0 When we got together with Fellows and others from our shared regional senatorial offices, we addressed these concerns.\u00a0 There has been a lingering fear amongst workers that this is something we\u2019ve never seen before, but with enough historical context, they would begin to understand that horse-drawn carriages are now cars.\u00a0 Horsepower for instance, is emblematic of a horse, like a Ford Mustang.\u00a0 A horse without a brain cannot produce power, so in respect to innovation, this is an Artificial Intelligence.\r\n\r\nI showed legislative staffers a photo of Curtis Priem, a Cofounder of NVIDIA, and me, which segued nicely into a discussion about the CHIPs and Science Act, and some of the issues we are facing today with workforce talent.\u00a0 Also, the fact that chips now have AI built into them sparked a national security conversation about AI-powered cybersecurity, and new national threats of AI-backed cyber warfare, such as AI-powered viruses.\u00a0 IEEE members brought a holistic expert perspective to the world of the national defense posture.\r\nSenate Coffee Shop\r\nOur team had downtime break at a coffee shop in the building of our next meeting, where we discussed the implications of AI, current economic innovations, socio-cultural behaviors in technology landscapes, and how we should leverage tools to solve seen or unforeseen threats.\u00a0 This framing was to shape a narrative that would illustrate how the United States could maintain its status as a global leader in innovation.\u00a0 .\r\n\r\nThese were all significant asks, so, as a distributed group of national experts in various fields, we really wanted to tailor a truly heartfelt message to communicate during our interactions with Members of Congress and staffers, helping them realize the importance of why these were our specific requests.\r\n\r\nIt may have been a tall glass of water for some, but thankfully we had the coffee shop to discuss, plan and hone our messaging.\r\nMeeting of the Minds\r\nWhen we sat down with the House and Senate offices, we shared our backgrounds and stories, giving context to what we do and what we aspired to have happen by the end of our meetings.\u00a0 During preparation for CVD 2024, I spoke with Lara Sayer, the former Deputy CFO of SOCOM and now Executive Director of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE) Reform Commission, who was working with the Honorable Ellen Lord, the former U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.\u00a0 I had provided feedback on the PPBE and they reached out to me when the Final Report was created for planning, programming, budgeting, and execution reform for the Department of Defense. During my CVD visits, they wanted me to share Section V on Fostering Innovation, which I did, and it was well received and flagged for further review.\r\n\r\nDuring our visits, I also shared examples of how a calculator is a form of AI, and how we invented the exact same chips that we exported to other countries to build with.\u00a0 We also discussed foreign students coming over from other countries, getting PhD educations, but being unable to gain the appropriate visas necessary to stay in the United States because of a visa lottery process.\r\n\r\nOur hosts appreciated all of the great insight we offered, and felt my calculator example could help lawmakers understand how Artificial Intelligence is not what they thought it was, and how it might be used in creating efficient public policies going forward by creating a better understanding of AI in the congressional space.\r\n\r\nCVD 2024 was overall a great experience, filled with memories, stories, and ideas worth spreading.","publisher":{"@id":"#Publisher","@type":"Organization","name":"IEEE-USA InSight","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/06\/ieee-usa_insight-logo-x2.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ieeeusa","https:\/\/twitter.com\/IEEEUSA","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/groups\/55581\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/IEEEUSA","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ieeeusa\/","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@ieeeusa"]},"sourceOrganization":{"@id":"#Publisher"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"#Publisher"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/articles\/cvd-2024-opening-minds\/","breadcrumb":{"@id":"#Breadcrumb"}},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Matthew Conti","url":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/articles\/author\/mconti\/"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/05\/CVD2024-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1440}}</script> <div id="share-buttons-bottom" class="share-buttons share-buttons-bottom"> <div class="share-links icons-only share-rounded"> <div class="share-title"> <span class="tie-icon-share" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span> Share</span> </div> <a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Facebook" target="_blank" class="facebook-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&via=ieeeusainsight" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="X" target="_blank" class="twitter-share-btn " data-raw="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={post_title}&url={post_link}&via=ieeeusainsight"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">X</span> </a> <a href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&title=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" class="linkedin-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url={post_full_link}&title={post_title}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> <a href="fb-messenger://share/?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-mob-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="fb-messenger://share?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-desktop-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//api.whatsapp.com/send?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds%20https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="WhatsApp" target="_blank" class="whatsapp-share-btn " data-raw="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text={post_title}%20{post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-whatsapp"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">WhatsApp</span> </a> <a href="mailto:?subject=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&body=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Share via Email" target="_blank" class="email-share-btn " data-raw="mailto:?subject={post_title}&body={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-envelope"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Share via Email</span> </a> <a href="#" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Print" target="_blank" class="print-share-btn " data-raw="#"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-print"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Print</span> </a> </div> </div> </article> <div class="post-components"> <div class="about-author container-wrapper about-author-48"> <div class="author-avatar"> <a href="../author/mconti/"> <img data-del="avatar" alt="Photo of Matthew Conti" src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/MC.jpg" class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-180 photo ' height='180' width='180'/> </a> </div> <div class="author-info"> <h3 class="author-name"><a href="../author/mconti/">Matthew Conti</a></h3> <div class="author-bio"> <b>Matthew Conti</b> is a recognized Pioneer in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques currently at ICF Next as a Senior User Experience Architect. </div> <ul class="social-icons"></ul> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="container-wrapper" id="post-newsletter"> <div class="subscribe-widget"> <div class="widget-inner-wrap"> <span class="tie-icon-envelope newsletter-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <div class="subscribe-widget-content"> <span class="subscribe-subtitle">Subscribe to the IEEE-USA InSight Email Update</span> <h3>Monthly Email Newsletter</h3> <p>This monthly newsletter notifies U.S. members and subscribers of new online content, news, products, services, and events from IEEE-USA and other OUs.</p> <p><a href="//engage.ieee.org/IEEE-USA-InSight-Sign-Up.html" target="_blank">Subscribe Now →</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <div id="add-comment-block" class="container-wrapper"> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title the-global-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-comments-post.php?wpe-comment-post=ieeeusaorg" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" autocomplete="name" required/></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" autocomplete="email" required/></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200" autocomplete="url"/></p> <p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment"/> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='5219' id='comment_post_ID'/> <input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0'/> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="16e2ae3a2c"/></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="116"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="check-also-box" class="container-wrapper check-also-right"> <div class="widget-title the-global-title"> <div class="the-subtitle">Check Also</div> <a href="#" id="check-also-close" class="remove"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> </a> </div> <div class="widget"> <ul class="posts-list-items"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho" href="../icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho" decoding="async" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/Picture1-220x150.jpg" loading="lazy"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../icop-launches-pilot-program-in-idaho/">IEEE-USA Congressional Outreach Program (ICOP) Launches Pilot Program in Idaho</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">6 September 2024</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor" href="../dr-asad-madni-receives-ieee-usa-george-f-mcclure-citation-of-honor/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/07/Madni-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../dr-asad-madni-receives-ieee-usa-george-f-mcclure-citation-of-honor/">Dr. Asad Madni Receives IEEE-USA George F. McClure Citation of Honor</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">30 July 2024</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <aside class="sidebar tie-col-md-4 tie-col-xs-12 normal-side is-sticky" aria-label="Primary Sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-widgets-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/widgets.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-widgets')</script> <div id="social-statistics-2" class="container-wrapper widget social-statistics-widget"> <ul class="solid-social-icons two-cols transparent-icons Arqam-Lite"> <li class="social-icons-item"> <a class="facebook-social-icon" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="counter-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span> <span class="followers"> <span class="followers-num">21,998</span> <span class="followers-name">Followers</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-icons-item"> <a class="twitter-social-icon" href="//twitter.com/ieeeusa" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="counter-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span> <span class="followers"> <span class="followers-num">22,554</span> <span class="followers-name">Followers</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-icons-item"> <a class="youtube-social-icon" href="//youtube.com/user/ieeeusa" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="counter-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span> <span class="followers"> <span class="followers-num">3,190</span> <span class="followers-name">Subscribers</span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="social-icons-item"> <a class="instagram-social-icon" href="//instagram.com/ieeeusa" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"> <span class="counter-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span> <span class="followers"> <span class="followers-num">2,134</span> <span class="followers-name">Followers</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="social-counter-total"> <span class="tie-icon-heart"></span> <span class="counter-total-text"> <strong>49,876</strong> people love us</span> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div><div id="block-8" class="container-wrapper widget widget_block"><div id="post-newsletter" style="border:1px solid #D54414;"> <div class="subscribe-widget"> <div class="widget-inner-wrap"> <span class="tie-icon-envelope newsletter-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <div class="subscribe-widget-content"> <h4>Subscribe to the monthly IEEE-USA InSight Email Update</h4> <p style="font-size:14px;"><a href="//engage.ieee.org/IEEE-USA-InSight-Sign-Up.html" target="_blank"><strong>Subscribe Now →</strong></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div id="text-html-widget-2" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div><span class="stream-title" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:-15px;">Advertisement</span> <div class="stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-in-post-1"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1652890388518-0' style='min-width: 300px; min-height: 250px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1652890388518-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div id="posts-list-widget-4" class="container-wrapper widget posts-list"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Recent Posts</div></div><div class="widget-posts-list-wrapper"><div class="widget-posts-list-container posts-list-big-first has-first-big-post"><ul class="posts-list-items widget-posts-wrapper"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark" href="../ieee-usa-releases-new-famous-women-engineers-in-history-on-yvonne-yy-clark/" class="post-thumb"><span class="post-cat-wrap"><span class="post-cat tie-cat-19">IEEE-USA InFocus</span></span><img width="390" height="220" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-large size-jannah-image-large lazy-img wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/FWE-8-1200-x-700-390x220.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../ieee-usa-releases-new-famous-women-engineers-in-history-on-yvonne-yy-clark/">IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 February 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade" href="../hard-skills-impress-soft-skills-persuade/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/Hard_Skills_Impress_Soft_Skills_Persuade-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../hard-skills-impress-soft-skills-persuade/">Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 January 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology" href="../a-lesson-in-accountability-and-the-art-of-the-corporate-apology/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/A-Lesson-in-Accountability-and-the-Art-of-the-Corporate-Apology-1-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../a-lesson-in-accountability-and-the-art-of-the-corporate-apology/">A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 January 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Unleashing Your Potential Through Microlearning" href="../unleashing-your-potential-through-microlearning/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Unleashing Your Potential Through Microlearning" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/Unleashing_Your_Potential_Through_Microlearning-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../unleashing-your-potential-through-microlearning/">Unleashing Your Potential Through Microlearning</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 January 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div id="text-html-widget-7" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div><span class="stream-title" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:-15px;">Advertisement</span> <div class="stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-in-post-2"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653586221580-0' style='min-width: 300px; min-height: 600px; margin-top:20px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653586221580-0'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div id="tie-widget-categories-2" class="container-wrapper widget widget_categories tie-widget-categories"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Categories</div></div><ul> <li class="cat-item cat-counter tie-cat-item-1"><a href="../category/careers/">Careers</a> <span>630</span> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-counter tie-cat-item-19"><a href="../category/infocus/">IEEE-USA InFocus</a> <span>524</span> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-counter tie-cat-item-11"><a href="../category/public-policy/">Public Policy</a> <span>216</span> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-counter tie-cat-item-28"><a href="../category/views/">Views</a> <span>249</span> </li> </ul><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </aside> </div></div><div class="stream-item stream-item-above-footer"><span class="stream-title">Advertisement</span><div class="stream-item-size"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0' style='min-width: 728px; min-height: 90px; margin-bottom: 20px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1653061873521-0'); }); </script> </div></div></div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer dark-skin dark-widgetized-area"> <div id="footer-widgets-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-widget-area "> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="posts-list-widget-2" class="container-wrapper widget posts-list"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Recent Posts</div></div><div class="widget-posts-list-wrapper"><div class="widget-posts-list-container media-overlay"><ul class="posts-list-items widget-posts-wrapper"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark" href="../ieee-usa-releases-new-famous-women-engineers-in-history-on-yvonne-yy-clark/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/FWE-8-1200-x-700-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../ieee-usa-releases-new-famous-women-engineers-in-history-on-yvonne-yy-clark/">IEEE-USA Releases New Famous Women Engineers in History: On Yvonne “YY” Clark</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">1 February 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade" href="../hard-skills-impress-soft-skills-persuade/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/Hard_Skills_Impress_Soft_Skills_Persuade-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../hard-skills-impress-soft-skills-persuade/">Hard Skills Impress; Soft Skills Persuade</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 January 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology" href="../a-lesson-in-accountability-and-the-art-of-the-corporate-apology/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/A-Lesson-in-Accountability-and-the-Art-of-the-Corporate-Apology-1-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../a-lesson-in-accountability-and-the-art-of-the-corporate-apology/">A Lesson in Accountability and the Art of the Corporate Apology</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 January 2025</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="posts-list-widget-3" class="container-wrapper widget posts-list"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Popular Articles</div></div><div class="widget-posts-list-wrapper"><div class="widget-posts-list-container media-overlay"><ul class="posts-list-items widget-posts-wrapper"> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="Viewpoints: Time to Separate Engineering and Computer Science?" href="../viewpoints-time-to-separate-engineering-and-computer-science/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="computer science" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/12/viewpoints-1200-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../viewpoints-time-to-separate-engineering-and-computer-science/">Viewpoints: Time to Separate Engineering and Computer Science?</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">22 October 2018</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering" href="../the-perils-of-complacency-america-at-a-tipping-point-in-science-and-engineering/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/09/Tipping-Point-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../the-perils-of-complacency-america-at-a-tipping-point-in-science-and-engineering/">The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science and Engineering</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">26 October 2020</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="widget-single-post-item widget-post-list tie-standard"> <div class="post-widget-thumbnail"> <a aria-label="The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn" href="../the-lesson-in-leadership-that-i-needed-to-learn/" class="post-thumb"><img width="220" height="150" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAG4AAABLAQMAAACr9CA9AAAAA1BMVEX///+nxBvIAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABZJREFUOI1jYMADmEe5o9xR7iiXQi4A4BsA388WUyMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" class="attachment-jannah-image-small size-jannah-image-small lazy-img tie-small-image wp-post-image" alt="The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/06/Leadership-220x150.jpg"/></a> </div> <div class="post-widget-body "> <a class="post-title the-subtitle" href="../the-lesson-in-leadership-that-i-needed-to-learn/">The “Lesson in Leadership” That I Needed to Learn</a> <div class="post-meta"> <span class="date meta-item tie-icon">30 June 2023</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="tag_cloud-2" class="container-wrapper widget widget_tag_cloud"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">Tag Cloud</div></div><div class="tagcloud"><a href="../tag/artificial-intelligence/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-113 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 14.4285714286pt;" aria-label="Artificial Intelligence (AI) (16 items)">Artificial Intelligence (AI)</a> <a href="../tag/chips/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-169 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 11.7142857143pt;" aria-label="CHIPS (10 items)">CHIPS</a> <a href="../tag/communications-skills/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-132 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Communications Skills (5 items)">Communications Skills</a> <a href="../tag/covid-19/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-110 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="COVID-19 (56 items)">COVID-19</a> <a href="../tag/diversity-equity-inclusion/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-142 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 15.1428571429pt;" aria-label="Diversity Equity & Inclusion (18 items)">Diversity Equity & Inclusion</a> <a href="../tag/energy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Energy (5 items)">Energy</a> <a href="../tag/h-1b/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-157 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="H-1B (5 items)">H-1B</a> <a href="../tag/high-skill-immigration/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-155 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 12.2857142857pt;" aria-label="High-Skill Immigration (11 items)">High-Skill Immigration</a> <a href="../tag/reach/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-145 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 9pt;" aria-label="IEEE REACH (6 items)">IEEE REACH</a> <a href="../tag/insight-podcast/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-126 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 19.1428571429pt;" aria-label="InSight Podcast (35 items)">InSight Podcast</a> <a href="../tag/leadership/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-128 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 18.4285714286pt;" aria-label="Leadership (31 items)">Leadership</a> <a href="../tag/mentoring/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-152 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 12.7142857143pt;" aria-label="Mentoring (12 items)">Mentoring</a> <a href="../tag/networking/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-186 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 12.7142857143pt;" aria-label="Networking (12 items)">Networking</a> <a href="../tag/op-ed/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-163 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 11.1428571429pt;" aria-label="Op-Ed (9 items)">Op-Ed</a> <a href="../tag/presidents-column/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-162 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 12.2857142857pt;" aria-label="President's Column (11 items)">President's Column</a> <a href="../tag/salary-survey-report/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-137 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 9pt;" aria-label="Salary Survey Report (6 items)">Salary Survey Report</a> <a href="../tag/stem-education/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-133 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 18.5714285714pt;" aria-label="STEM Education (32 items)">STEM Education</a> <a href="../tag/wie/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-119 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 16.5714285714pt;" aria-label="Women in Engineering (WIE) (23 items)">Women in Engineering (WIE)</a></div> <div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-widget-area footer-boxed-widget-area"> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-sm-8 normal-side"> <div id="text-html-widget-5" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div class="widget-title the-global-title"><div class="the-subtitle">About IEEE-USA InSight</div></div><div><span style="font-size:14px; line-height:0.8em;">IEEE-USA INSIGHT is a free, online publication by IEEE-USA staff and volunteers. IEEE-USA InSight features timely, concise, informative and authoritative articles, essays and opinion pieces on the career and policy issues that are affecting the careers of U.S. IEEE members, as well as the issues shaping the modern technology professional’s workplace. <a href="/about-contact/">Read more</a>.</br></br><a href="//ieeeusa.org/advertise/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">+ Advertise with Us</a></span></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> <div class="tie-col-sm-4 normal-side"> <div id="text-html-widget-6" class="container-wrapper widget text-html"><div><a href="/"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-usa_insight-logo-x2.png" width="225px" height="auto" class="alignright"/></a></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="site-info" class="site-info"> <div class="container"> <div class="tie-row"> <div class="tie-col-md-12"> <div class="copyright-text copyright-text-second"><a href="//ieee.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-logo-200.png" width="100" height="33" style="max-height:33px;height:auto;" class="alignright size-full" alt="IEEE.org" data-retina_logo_url="https://insight.ieeeusaorg.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/06/ieee-logo-200.png"></a><p style="text-align:left; padding-bottom:20px;"><a href="/">Home</a> | <a href="/about-contact/">Contact</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/accessibility-statement.html">Accessibility</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p9-26.html">Nondiscrimination Policy</a> | <a href="//ieee-ethics-reporting.org/">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html">IEEE Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="//www.ieee.org/about/help/site-terms-conditions.html">Terms & Disclosures</a></p> <p style="text-align:left;">© Copyright 2025 IEEE – All rights reserved. A public charity, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional<br/> organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p></div><ul class="social-icons"><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="/feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="share-buttons-mobile" class="share-buttons share-buttons-mobile"> <div class="share-links icons-only"> <a href="//www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Facebook" target="_blank" class="facebook-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="//twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&via=ieeeusainsight" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="X" target="_blank" class="twitter-share-btn " data-raw="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text={post_title}&url={post_link}&via=ieeeusainsight"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">X</span> </a> <a href="//www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&title=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" class="linkedin-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url={post_full_link}&title={post_title}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> <a href="fb-messenger://share/?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-mob-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="fb-messenger://share?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/&redirect_uri=https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="Messenger" target="_blank" class="messenger-desktop-share-btn messenger-share-btn " data-raw="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=5303202981&display=popup&link={post_link}&redirect_uri={post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-messenger"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Messenger</span> </a> <a href="//api.whatsapp.com/send?text=CVD%202024%3A%20Opening%20Minds%20https://insight.ieeeusa.org/articles/cvd-2024-opening-minds/" rel="external noopener nofollow" title="WhatsApp" target="_blank" class="whatsapp-share-btn " data-raw="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text={post_title}%20{post_link}"> <span class="share-btn-icon tie-icon-whatsapp"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">WhatsApp</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-share-buttons-spacer"></div> <a id="go-to-top" class="go-to-top-button" href="#go-to-tie-body"> <span class="tie-icon-angle-up"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Back to top button</span> </a> </div> <aside class=" side-aside normal-side dark-skin dark-widgetized-area is-fullwidth appear-from-right" aria-label="Secondary Sidebar" style="visibility: hidden;"> <div data-height="100%" class="side-aside-wrapper has-custom-scroll"> <a href="#" class="close-side-aside remove big-btn"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> </a> <div id="mobile-container"> <div id="mobile-search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"/> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"/> </form> </div> <div id="mobile-menu"> </div> <div id="mobile-social-icons" class="social-icons-widget solid-social-icons"> <ul><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link facebook-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.facebook.com/ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-facebook"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link twitter-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//twitter.com/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-twitter"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link linkedin-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.linkedin.com/groups/55581/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-linkedin"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link youtube-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.youtube.com/user/IEEEUSA"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-youtube"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link instagram-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.instagram.com/ieeeusa/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-instagram"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link tiktok-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="//www.tiktok.com/@ieeeusa"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-tiktok"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-item"><a class="social-link rss-social-icon" rel="external noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="/feed/"><span class="tie-social-icon tie-icon-feed"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if( 'loading' in HTMLImageElement.prototype) { document.querySelectorAll('[data-src]').forEach( function(img){ img.src = img.dataset.src; img.removeAttribute('data-src'); }); } </script> <link rel='preload' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/helpers.min.css" as='style' onload='this.onload=null;this.rel="stylesheet"'/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-helpers-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/helpers.min.css" type='text/css' media='all'/></noscript> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-helpers')</script> <link rel='preload' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/ilightbox/light-skin/skin.css" as='style' onload='this.onload=null;this.rel="stylesheet"'/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-css-ilightbox-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/ilightbox/light-skin/skin.css" type='text/css' media='all'/></noscript> <script>console.log('Style tie-css-ilightbox')</script> <link rel='preload' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/fontawesome.css" as='style' onload='this.onload=null;this.rel="stylesheet"'/> <noscript><link rel='stylesheet' id='tie-fontawesome5-css' href="/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/css/fontawesome.css" type='text/css' media='all'/></noscript> <script>console.log('Style tie-fontawesome5')</script> <div id="reading-position-indicator"></div><div id="autocomplete-suggestions" class="autocomplete-suggestions"></div><div id="is-scroller-outer"><div id="is-scroller"></div></div><div id="fb-root"></div> <div id="tie-popup-search-desktop" class="tie-popup tie-popup-search-wrap" style="display: none;"> <a href="#" class="tie-btn-close remove big-btn light-btn"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span> </a> <div class="popup-search-wrap-inner"> <div class="live-search-parent pop-up-live-search" data-skin="live-search-popup" aria-label="Search"> <form method="get" class="tie-popup-search-form" action="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/"> <input class="tie-popup-search-input is-ajax-search" inputmode="search" type="text" name="s" title="Search for" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search the IEEE-USA InSight Website"/> <button class="tie-popup-search-submit" type="submit"> <span class="tie-icon-search tie-search-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for</span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener){ window.addEventListener("load", tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload, false); } else if (window.attachEvent){ window.attachEvent("onload", tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload); } else{ window.onload = tieDownloadAdsenseJSAtOnload; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"0d227895b4","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0","is_checkout_autoscroll_enabled":"true"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tie-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tie = {"is_rtl":"","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/insight.ieeeusa.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","is_side_aside_light":"","is_taqyeem_active":"","is_sticky_video":"1","mobile_menu_top":"","mobile_menu_active":"area_2","mobile_menu_parent":"true","lightbox_all":"true","lightbox_gallery":"true","lightbox_skin":"light","lightbox_thumb":"horizontal","lightbox_arrows":"true","is_singular":"1","autoload_posts":"","reading_indicator":"true","lazyload":"true","select_share":"true","select_share_twitter":"true","select_share_facebook":"true","select_share_linkedin":"true","select_share_email":"true","facebook_app_id":"5303202981","twitter_username":"ieeeusainsight","responsive_tables":"true","ad_blocker_detector":"","sticky_behavior":"default","sticky_desktop":"true","sticky_mobile":"true","sticky_mobile_behavior":"default","ajax_loader":"<div class=\"loader-overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"spinner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bounce3\"> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>","type_to_search":"1","lang_no_results":"Nothing Found","sticky_share_mobile":"true","sticky_share_post":"","sticky_share_post_menu":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/scripts.min.js" id="tie-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tie-scripts-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery.ajax({ type : "GET", url : "https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php", data : "postviews_id=5219&action=tie_postviews", cache: !1, success: function( data ){ jQuery(".single-post-meta").find(".meta-views").html( data ); } }); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/ilightbox/lightbox.js" id="tie-js-ilightbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/desktop.min.js" id="tie-js-desktop-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/live-search.js" id="tie-js-livesearch-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/single.min.js" id="tie-js-single-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed-plus-pro/scripts/fitvids.min.js" id="__ytprefsfitvids__-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/sliders.min.js" id="tie-js-sliders-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/themes/jannah/assets/js/shortcodes.js" id="tie-js-shortcodes-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://insight.ieeeusa.org/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/akismet-frontend.js" id="akismet-frontend-js"></script> <script> WebFontConfig ={ google:{ families: [ 'Poppins:regular,italic,600,700,700italic:latin', 'Roboto:800,regular:latin', 'Roboto:700,regular:latin&display=swap' ] } }; (function(){ var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.defer = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> !function(t){"use strict";t.loadCSS||(t.loadCSS=function(){});var e=loadCSS.relpreload={};if(e.support=function(){var e;try{e=t.document.createElement("link").relList.supports("preload")}catch(t){e=!1}return function(){return e}}(),e.bindMediaToggle=function(t){var e=t.media||"all";function a(){t.addEventListener?t.removeEventListener("load",a):t.attachEvent&&t.detachEvent("onload",a),t.setAttribute("onload",null),t.media=e}t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",a):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",a),setTimeout(function(){t.rel="stylesheet",t.media="only x"}),setTimeout(a,3e3)},e.poly=function(){if(!e.support())for(var a=t.document.getElementsByTagName("link"),n=0;n<a.length;n++){var o=a[n];"preload"!==o.rel||"style"!==o.getAttribute("as")||o.getAttribute("data-loadcss")||(o.setAttribute("data-loadcss",!0),e.bindMediaToggle(o))}},!e.support()){e.poly();var a=t.setInterval(e.poly,500);t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener("load",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)}):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("onload",function(){e.poly(),t.clearInterval(a)})}"undefined"!=typeof exports?exports.loadCSS=loadCSS:t.loadCSS=loadCSS}("undefined"!=typeof global?global:this); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/tie-no-js/, 'tie-js'); document.body.className = c; </script> </body> </html>