The 2000 Kyoto Prize | Kyoto Prize

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We deeply appreciate that we had lots of attendance. </span> </div> </div> <div class="s-heading"> <h2>Lecturers</h2> <p> The 2000 Kyoto Prize Kyoto Prize Laureates </p> </div> <ul class="s-list"> <li class="speaker speaker--green speaker--has-link"> <div> <div class="laureate-image"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/th_2000_a_hoare-200x200.jpg" alt=""></div> <div class="link link--wide"> <div class="file"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2000_A.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Script </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="speaker__text"> <h3 class="speaker__name">Antony Hoare<span> / Computer Scientist</span></h3> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Lecture topics</p> <p class="speaker__desc">Stories from a Life in Interesting Times</p> </div> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Abstract of the lecture</p> <p class="speaker__desc speaker__desc--has-toggle">I have lived in interesting times. My stories will recount the twists of fate and circumstance that moulded my thinking and my career as an information scientist. My deep thanks for the award of the Kyoto Prize for the year 2000 will be best expressed if any of my listeners is warned by my mistakes or inspired by my success to contribute further to the goals of the founder of the prize-the betterment of mankind and society. Born in Sri Lanka in 1934, I spent several years of the last world war in Zimbabwe and South Africa. In 1946, my father retired to England, and I made a late start on a traditional English education. I specialised in classical Greek and Latin, including the languages and the literature, and graduated in 1956 from Oxford University in these subjects, together with ancient history and philosophy, which was always my favourite. The Russian language I learnt during two years' national service in the Royal Navy. Then I returned to Oxford as a graduate student for the Certificate in Statistics-my only official scientific or professional qualification. I was attracted to the subject by its implications for the philosophical questions of human knowledge and uncertainty. My final year as a student I spent at Moscow State University, in Kolmogorov's school of probability. There I invented the quicksort algorithm, and investigated the state of the art in computer translation of natural languages. This was the topic of my first scientific article, written and published in Russian. Back in England in 1960, I decided to stop studying and start working. I joined a small computer manufacturing Company as a programmer. Again, I was attracted to computing by its philosophical implications, though I thought (how wrongly!) that the period of major expansion of the subject was already over. I designed a translator for an artificial language, the international algorithmic language, ALGOL 60. Promoted beyond my capabilities, I then supervised the development of an operating system that never worked, and a machine architecture that was never built. The Company was absorbed into two larger Companies, and I returned to academic life as Professor of Computing Science at the Queen's University, Belfast, to teach the subject that I had learnt by eight years of hard experience in industry. 1968 was just the start of the intensive period of the civil disturbances in Northern Ireland that are only now subsiding. In spite of this, I was able to recruit a strong team to the computing department, to meet a rapidly expanding demand for education in the subject. My research had a practical goal: I wanted to understand the reasons for the success and the failure of my earlier projects in industry. In tackling the problems, I took a long-term, almost philosophical view. I planned a research agenda that would last throughout my academic life, because I knew its results would hardly be ripe for application in industry until after my retirement some thirty years ahead. In 1977, I moved to the chair of Computation at Oxford, where again, from smaller beginnings, I assembled the funds and recruited a team to introduce the subject of computing into the curricula of the University. I retired last year as senior Professor in the Faculty of Mathematics, to move back into industry. I am now working as a senior researcher for Microsoft Research at Cambridge. Here I will pursue my early hope that the results of pure research, my own and that of others, may be applied by those engaged in the writing of large-scale computer software, for the benefit of the increasing numbers of those who use it. Perhaps in the years to come, that will be the whole of mankind.</p> <div class="speaker__more"> <span class="speaker__more__text">Read More</span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="speaker speaker--purple speaker--has-link"> <div> <div class="laureate-image"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/th_2000_b_gehring-200x200.jpg" alt=""></div> <div class="link link--wide"> <div class="file"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2000_B.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Script </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="speaker__text"> <h3 class="speaker__name">Walter Jakob Gehring<span> / Developmental Biologist</span></h3> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Lecture topics</p> <p class="speaker__desc">The Journey of a Biologist</p> </div> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Abstract of the lecture</p> <p class="speaker__desc speaker__desc--has-toggle"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 11pt;">In this commemorative lecture I present my personal life history, my philosophy and my outlook on life. Starting with the history of the Gehring family which goes back to the year 1084, I describe briefly my grandfather who was a farmer in Rüdlingen, a beautiful small village on the Rhine River in the north of Switzerland, where my father was born in 1903. My father, Jakob Gehring, studied engineering in Zurich and emigrated to France, where he met my mother who is from an Alsatian family. I was born in 1939 in Zurich at the dawn of the Second World War. I spent a happy childhood with my two sisters and my cousin who was like a brother to me. In primary school I had an excellent teacher who was very important for my further development. Gymnasium (High School) was highly competitive, but it sharpened our intellect. As a boy I was drawn into biology by watching the metamorphosis of a butterfly. I studied zoology at the University of Zurich with Ernst Hadorn, one of the leading developmental biologists of his time. In order to learn molecular biology I moved to Alan Garen's laboratory at Yale University in the United States. In 1964 I married Elisabeth Lott and our older son Stephan was born in Zurich, the younger one, Thomas in New Haven. In 1969 I started my own laboratory at Yale with Erie Wieschaus as my first graduate student. In 1972 we moved back to Switzerland where I became Professor at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel. I have largely concentrated my work on the little fruit fly Drosophila and the genetic control of its development. Together with my collaborators I have discovered the homeobox and identified the universal master control gene for the development and evolution of the eyes. I try to describe the motivations and philosophy behind my scientific work, and how scientific discoveries are made.</span>  </p> <div class="speaker__more"> <span class="speaker__more__text">Read More</span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="speaker speaker--red speaker--has-link"> <div> <div class="laureate-image"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/th_2000_c_ricoeur-200x200.jpg" alt=""></div> <div class="link link--wide"> <div class="file"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2000_C.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Script </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="speaker__text"> <h3 class="speaker__name">Paul Ricœur<span> / Philosopher</span></h3> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Lecture topics</p> <p class="speaker__desc">Critique and Conviction</p> </div> <div class="speaker__content"> <p class="speaker__title">Abstract of the lecture</p> <p class="speaker__desc speaker__desc--has-toggle">My interest for philosophy dates from the age of seventeen, when I received my first philosophy lessons and advice on intellectual courage that have stayed with me throughout my life. I then met and regularly saw the philosopher Gabriel Marcel. Decisive reading during captivity formed long term convictions that served as a basis for my first contributions to philosophy. I was in my turn teacher and a happy one in France and the USA. My lecture will cover my career in general and the development of my thought from my first important study (Le volontaire et l'involontaire) to my most recent work. I will illustrate my reflections with two examples of practical wisdom so as not to separate speculative wisdom from the practical wisdom used by the flesh and blood wise man. I will use two examples, one in the field of medicine and the other in legal sentencing. Beyond reflection lies personal commitment. This is why I will finish with my reflections - my advice at the end of a long life - on a situation where the problem of man's relationship with suffering is posed. In this phase where the sick man is approaching death where care aims to no longer heal but the accompany, we should think about the difficult questions of therapeutic life - prolonging medical treatment and euthanasia.</p> <div class="speaker__more"> <span class="speaker__more__text">Read More</span> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <a href="#" class="to-top">top</a> <div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__left"> <div class="footer__logo footer__logo--en"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/common/logo_en.svg" alt="KYOTO PRIZE"></a> </div> <div class="footer__operator"> <p class="footer__operator__bold">Host</p> <p>Inamori Foundation</p> </div> <ul class="footer__link-triangle"> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.inamori-f.or.jp/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="footer__right"> <div class="footer__item footer__item--1 pc"> <p class="footer__item__title"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/about/">About Kyoto Prize</a> </p> <ul class="footer__item__links"> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/about/philosophy/">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/about/#section-02">Categories / Fields</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/about/executive_committee/">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/about/library/">Exhibits</a></li> </ul>  </div> <div class="footer__item footer__item--2 pc"> <p class="footer__item__title"> <a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/">Laureates</a> </p> <ul class="footer__item__links"> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/">Laureates by Categories</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates-yearly/">Laureates by Years</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/speech/">Archives of Commemorative Lectures</a></li> </ul> <p class="footer__item__title"><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/events/">Events</a></p> <p class="footer__item__title"><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/news/">News</a></p> </div> <div class="footer__item footer__item--3"> <p class="footer__item__title pc">Links</p> <ul class="footer__item__links pc"> <li><a href="http://kyotoprize-us.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kyoto Prize Symposium, San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kyotoprize.ox.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kyoto Prize at Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.kyocera.co.jp/inamori/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kazuo Inamori Official Website</a></li> </ul> <div class="footer__box"> <ul class="sns-list"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/KyotoPrize/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="sns-list__fb"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/icon/facebook.svg" alt="facebook"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/kyotoprize" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="sns-list__tw"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/icon/x.svg" alt="x"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/kyoto.prize/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/icon/instagram.svg" alt="instagram"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://inamori-f.us4.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=84f51c00c32da3b12bd974d94&id=c7f7c5d9e1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/icon/mail.svg" alt="mail"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkbw2i2lEn59Y17-8fcAJoQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="sns-list__youtube"><img src="https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/images/icon/youtube.svg" alt="youtube"></a> </li> </ul> <p class="footer__copy"><small>© INAMORI FOUNDATION</small></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </footer> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/js/modules.js' id='modules-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.kyotoprize.org/wp-content/themes/kyotoprize/assets/js/main.js' id='main-js'></script> </body> </html>

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The 2000 Kyoto Prize | Kyoto Prize