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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poverty_and_housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty_and_housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Poverty and housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty_and_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-James_Larkin_and_formation_of_ITGWU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James_Larkin_and_formation_of_ITGWU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>James Larkin and formation of ITGWU</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-James_Larkin_and_formation_of_ITGWU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Larkin,_Connolly_and_Irish_Labour_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Larkin,_Connolly_and_Irish_Labour_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Larkin, Connolly and Irish Labour Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Larkin,_Connolly_and_Irish_Labour_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-William_Martin_Murphy_and_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#William_Martin_Murphy_and_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>William Martin Murphy and employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-William_Martin_Murphy_and_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Middle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Middle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>W. B. Yeats' "September 1913"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W._B._Yeats'_"September_1913"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dublin lock-out</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Lockout" title="Dublin Lockout – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dublin Lockout" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dublin lock-out" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stailc_agus_Frithdh%C3%BAnadh_1913_(Baile_%C3%81tha_Cliath)" title="Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stailc agus Frithdhúnadh 1913 (Baile Átha Cliath)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%B0_%EC%A7%81%EC%9E%A5%ED%8F%90%EC%87%84" title="더블린 직장폐쇄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더블린 직장폐쇄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC_%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%81%E1%81%83" title="စက်တင်ဘာ ၁၉၁၃ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက်တင်ဘာ ၁၉၁၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locaute_de_Dublin_de_1913" title="Locaute de Dublin de 1913 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Locaute de Dublin de 1913" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82" title="Дублинский локаут – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дублинский локаут" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E7%BD%A2%E5%B7%A5" title="都柏林大罢工 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="都柏林大罢工" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Major industrial dispute which took place in Dublin, Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses of "Lockout", see <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lockout (disambiguation)">Lockout (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Dublin lock-out</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1913lockout.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/36/1913lockout.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> break up a union rally</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">26 August 1913 – 18 January 1914</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Poor working conditions</li><li>Lack of workers' rights</li><li>Inability to unionise</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Improved working conditions</li><li>Granting of right to unionise</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Strikes, rallies, walkouts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Strikers go back to work</li><li>Many workers sign pledges not to join ITGWU</li><li>ITGWU badly damaged</li><li>Principle of unionisation accepted</li><li>Formation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <p><b>Workers organizations</b> </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Transport_and_General_Workers%27_Union" title="Irish Transport and General Workers' Union">ITGWU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Builders%27_Labourers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="United Builders' Labourers' Union">UBLU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Supported by</b> </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">TUC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <p><b>Employers & companies</b> </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_United_Transport_Company" title="Dublin United Transport Company">DUTC</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Building_Trades_Employers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Building Trades Employers' Association (page does not exist)">DBTEA</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>Supported by</b> </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Corporation" title="Dublin Corporation">Dublin Corporation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jack_White_(trade_unionist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack White (trade unionist)">Jack White</a> </p> </div> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Martin_Murphy" title="William Martin Murphy">William Martin Murphy</a> </p> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Number</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> 20,000 workers</div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> 300 employers</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;border-bottom:1px dotted #aaa"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> </div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> 200 policemen injured</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2 dead, several hundred injured</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Dublin lock-out</b> was a major <a href="/wiki/Industrial_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial dispute">industrial dispute</a> between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers that took place in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland. The dispute, lasting from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914, is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in <a href="/wiki/Irish_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish history">Irish history</a>. Central to the dispute was the workers' <a href="/wiki/Labour_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour rights">right to unionise</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty_and_housing">Poverty and housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Poverty and housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tenement#Dublin" title="Tenement">Tenement § Dublin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin#Early_20th_century" title="History of Dublin">History of Dublin § Early 20th century</a></div> <p>Many of Dublin's workers lived in terrible conditions in <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenements</a>. For example, over 830 people lived in just 15 houses in <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Street,_Dublin" title="Henrietta Street, Dublin">Henrietta Street</a>'s Georgian tenements. At 10 Henrietta Street, the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Sisters_of_Charity" title="Religious Sisters of Charity">Irish Sisters of Charity</a> ran a <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_laundries_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalene laundries in Ireland">Magdalene laundry that was inhabited by</a> more than 50 single women.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated four million pledges were taken in pawnbrokers every year. The <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> among the poor was 142 per 1,000 births, extraordinarily high for a European city. The situation was made considerably worse by the high rate of disease in the slums, which was worsened by the lack of health care and cramped living conditions. The most prevalent disease in the Dublin slums at the time was <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> (TB), which spread through tenements very quickly and caused many deaths among the poor. A report, published in 1912, found that TB-related deaths in Ireland were 50% higher than in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. The vast majority of TB-related deaths in Ireland occurred among the poorer classes. The report updated a 1903 study by Dr <a href="/wiki/John_Lumsden" title="John Lumsden">John Lumsden</a>. </p><p>Poverty was perpetuated in Dublin by the lack of work for unskilled workers, who did not have any form of representation before trade unions were founded. The unskilled workers often had to compete with one another for work every day, with the job generally going to whoever agreed to work for the lowest wages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="James_Larkin_and_formation_of_ITGWU">James Larkin and formation of ITGWU</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: James Larkin and formation of ITGWU"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a>, the main protagonist on the side of the workers in the dispute, was a <a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">docker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and a union organiser. In 1907, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> as a local organiser of the British-based <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Dock_Labourers" title="National Union of Dock Labourers">National Union of Dock Labourers</a> (NUDL). In Belfast, Larkin organised a <a href="/wiki/Belfast_Dock_Strike,_1907" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfast Dock Strike, 1907">strike of dock and transport workers</a>. It was also in Belfast that Larkin began to use the tactic of the <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic strike">sympathetic strike</a> in which workers who were not directly involved in an industrial dispute with employers would go on strike in support of other workers, who were striking. The Belfast strike was moderately successful and boosted Larkin's standing among Irish workers. However, his tactics were highly controversial and so Larkin was transferred to Dublin. </p><p>Unskilled workers in Dublin were very much at the mercy of their employers. Employers who suspected workers of trying to organise themselves could <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">blacklist</a> them to destroy them any chance of future employment. Larkin set about organising the unskilled workers of Dublin, which was a cause of concern for the NUDL, which was reluctant to engage in a full-scale industrial dispute with the powerful Dublin employers. It suspended Larkin from the NUDL in 1908. Larkin then left the NUDL and set up an Irish union, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Transport_and_General_Workers%27_Union" title="Irish Transport and General Workers' Union">Irish Transport and General Workers' Union</a> (ITGWU). </p><p>The ITGWU was the first Irish trade union to cater for both skilled and unskilled workers. In its first few months, it quickly gained popularity and soon spread to other Irish cities. The ITGWU was used as a vehicle for Larkin's <a href="/wiki/Syndicalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndicalist">syndicalist</a> views. He believed in bringing about a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist revolution">socialist revolution</a> by the establishment of trade unions and calling <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a>. </p><p>The ITGWU initially lost several strikes between 1908 and 1910 but after 1913 won strikes involving carters and railway workers like the <a href="/wiki/1913_Sligo_Dock_strike" title="1913 Sligo Dock strike">1913 Sligo dock strike</a>. Between 1911 and 1913, membership of the ITGWU rose from 4,000 to 10,000, to the alarm of employers. </p><p>Larkin had learned from the methods of the 1910 <a href="/wiki/Tonypandy_riots" title="Tonypandy riots">Tonypandy riots</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1911_Liverpool_general_transport_strike" title="1911 Liverpool general transport strike">1911 Liverpool general transport strike</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Larkin,_Connolly_and_Irish_Labour_Party"><span id="Larkin.2C_Connolly_and_Irish_Labour_Party"></span>Larkin, Connolly and Irish Labour Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Larkin, Connolly and Irish Labour Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another important figure in the rise of an organised workers' movement in Ireland at the time was <a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> of Irish parentage. Connolly was a talented orator and a fine writer. He became known for his speeches on the streets of Dublin in support of socialism and Irish nationalism. In 1896, Connolly established the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a> and the newspaper <i>The Workers' Republic</i>. In 1911, Connolly was appointed the ITGWU's Belfast organiser. In 1912, Connolly and Larkin formed the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Irish Labour Party</a> to represent workers in the imminent <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule Act 1914">Home Rule Bill</a> debate in the <a href="/wiki/British_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="British Parliament">British Parliament</a>. Home rule, although passed in the House of Commons, was postponed, by the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The plan was then suspended for one year, then indefinitely, after the rise of <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">militant nationalism</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1916_Rising" class="mw-redirect" title="1916 Rising">1916 Rising</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="William_Martin_Murphy_and_employers">William Martin Murphy and employers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: William Martin Murphy and employers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg/220px-Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg/330px-Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Vulture_of_dartry_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cartoon of <a href="/wiki/William_Martin_Murphy" title="William Martin Murphy">William Martin Murphy</a> preying over <a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a>. </figcaption></figure><p> Among the employers in Ireland opposed to trade unions such as Larkin's ITGWU was <a href="/wiki/William_Martin_Murphy" title="William Martin Murphy">William Martin Murphy</a>, Ireland's most prominent capitalist, born in Castletownbere, County Cork. In 1913, Murphy was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_United_Tramway_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin United Tramway Company">Dublin United Tramway Company</a> and owned Clery's department store and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Hotel,_Dublin" title="Imperial Hotel, Dublin">Imperial Hotel</a>. He controlled the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Herald">Evening Herald</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a></i> newspapers and was a major shareholder in the <a href="/wiki/B%26I_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="B&I Line">B&I Line</a>. Murphy was also a prominent <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish nationalist">Irish nationalist</a> and a former <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Home Rule</a> MP in Parliament. </p><p>Even today, his defenders insist that he was a charitable man and a good employer and that his workers received fair wages. However, conditions in his many enterprises were often poor or worse, with employees given only one day off in 10 and being forced to labour up to 17 hours a day. Dublin tramway workers were paid substantially less than their counterparts in Belfast and Liverpool and were subjected to a regime of punitive fines, probationary periods extending for as long as six years and a culture of company surveillance involving the widespread use of informers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murphy was not opposed in principle to trade unions, particularly craft unions, but he was vehemently opposed to the ITGWU and saw its leader, Larkin, as a dangerous revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1913, Murphy presided over a meeting of 300 employers during which a collective response to the rise of trade unionism was agreed. Murphy and the employers were determined not to allow the ITGWU to unionise the Dublin workforce. On 15 August, Murphy dismissed 40 workers whom he suspected of ITGWU membership, followed by another 300 over the next week. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle">Middle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg/200px-Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg/300px-Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Big-Jim-Larkin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Statue of James Larkin on O'Connell Street (<a href="/wiki/Ois%C3%ADn_Kelly" title="Oisín Kelly">Oisín Kelly</a> 1977)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escalation">Escalation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Escalation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._(9621476054).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg/220px-Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg/330px-Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg/440px-Such_Meeting_or_Assemblage_is_seditious..._%289621476054%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1965" /></a><figcaption>Proclamation banning a meeting in Sackville Street on 31 August 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The resulting industrial dispute was the most severe in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">history of Ireland</a>. Employers in Dublin locked out their workers and employed <a href="/wiki/Blackleg_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackleg labour">blackleg labour</a> from Britain and elsewhere in Ireland. Dublin's workers, despite being some of the poorest in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> at the time, applied for help and were sent £150,000 by the British <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a> (TUC) and other sources in Ireland, doled out dutifully by the ITGWU.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Kiddies' Scheme" for the starving children of Irish strikers to be temporarily looked after by British trade unionists was blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> and especially the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Hibernians" title="Ancient Order of Hibernians">Ancient Order of Hibernians</a>, which claimed that Catholic children would be subject to <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a> influences when in Britain. The Church supported the employers during the dispute and condemned Larkin as a socialist <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notably, <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a>, the largest employer and biggest exporter in Dublin, refused to lock out its workforce. It refused to join Murphy's group but sent £500 to the employers' fund. It had a policy against sympathetic strikes and expected its workers, whose conditions were far better than the norm in Ireland, not to strike in sympathy; six who had done so were dismissed. It had 400 of its staff who were already ITGWU members and so it had a working relationship with the union. Larkin appealed to have the six reinstated but without success.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW) leader, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Bill Haywood</a>, was in Paris when he heard of the lockout. He collected 1000 francs to aid the strikers and travelled to Dublin where he addressed a crowd in front of City Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strikers used mass pickets and intimidation against strike-breakers, who were also violent towards strikers. The <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> carried out a <a href="/wiki/Baton_charge" title="Baton charge">baton charge</a> at worker's rallies. On 31 August 1913, the DMP attacked a meeting on Sackville Street (now known as <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Street" title="O'Connell Street">O'Connell Street</a>) that had been publicly banned. It caused the deaths of two workers: James Nolan and John Byrne. Over 300 more were injured. </p><p>The baton charge was a response to the appearance of James Larkin, who had been banned from holding a meeting, to speak for the workers. He had been smuggled into William Martin Murphy's Imperial Hotel by <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Gifford" title="Nellie Gifford">Nellie Gifford</a>, the sister-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_MacDonagh" title="Thomas MacDonagh">Thomas MacDonagh</a>, and spoke from a balcony. The event is remembered as Bloody Sunday, a term used for two subsequent days in 20th-century Ireland and for the murderous charge of police in the Liverpool general strike. Another worker, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Brady_(labour_activist)" title="Alice Brady (labour activist)">Alice Brady</a>, was later shot dead by a strike-breaker as she brought home a food parcel from the union office. Michael Byrne, an ITGWU official from <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire" title="Dún Laoghaire">Kingstown</a>, died after he had been tortured in a police cell.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connolly, Larkin and ex-<a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_White_(labour_unionist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack White (labour unionist)">Jack White</a> formed a worker's militia, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a>, to protect workers' demonstrations. </p><p>For seven months, the lock-out affected tens of thousands of Dublin families. Murphy's three main newspapers, the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Independent_(Ireland)" title="Sunday Independent (Ireland)">Sunday Independent</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Herald">Evening Herald</a></i>, portrayed Larkin as the villain. Influential figures such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Countess Markievicz</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a> supported the workers in the media. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End">End</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: End"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1913_Bileog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/1913_Bileog.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The lock-out eventually concluded in early 1914, when the TUC in Britain rejected Larkin and Connolly's request for a sympathetic strike. Most workers, many of whom were on the brink of starvation, went back to work and signed pledges not to join the ITGWU. It was badly damaged by its defeat in the Lockout and was further hit by the departure of Larkin to the United States in 1914 and the execution of Connolly, one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> in 1916. </p><p>The union was rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/William_O%27Brien_(trade_unionist)" title="William O'Brien (trade unionist)">William O'Brien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(Irish_politician)" title="Thomas Johnson (Irish politician)">Thomas Johnson</a>. By 1919, its membership had surpassed that of 1913. </p><p>Many of the blacklisted workers joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> since they had no other source of pay to support their families, and they found themselves in the trenches of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> within the year. </p><p>Although the actions of the ITGWU and the smaller UBLU had been unsuccessful in achieving substantially better pay and conditions for workers, they marked a watershed in Irish labour history. The principle of union action and workers' solidarity had been firmly established. No future employer would ever try to "break" a union as Murphy had attempted to with the ITGWU. The lock-out had damaged commercial businesses in Dublin, with many forced to declare bankruptcy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="W._B._Yeats'_"September_1913""><span id="W._B._Yeats.27_.22September_1913.22"></span>W. B. Yeats' "September 1913"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: W. B. Yeats' "September 1913""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/September_1913_(poem)" title="September 1913 (poem)"><i>September 1913</i></a>, one of the most famous of <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>' poems, was published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i> during the lock-out. Although the occasion of the poem was the decision of Dublin Corporation not to build a gallery to house the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lane" title="Hugh Lane">Hugh Lane</a> collection of paintings (William Martin Murphy was one of the most vocal opponents of the plan), it has sometimes been viewed by scholars as a commentary on the lock-out.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the poem, Yeats wrote mockingly of commerciants who "fumble in a greasy till, and add the halfpence to the pence" and asked: </p> <div class="poem"> <p>Was it for this <a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese" title="Flight of the Wild Geese">the wild geese</a> spread<br /> The grey wing upon every tide;<br /> For this that all that blood was shed,<br /> For this <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward_FitzGerald" title="Lord Edward FitzGerald">Edward Fitzgerald</a> died,<br /> And <a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a>,<br /> All that delirium of the brave?<br /> Romantic Ireland's dead and gone,<br /> It's with O'Leary in the grave. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/28px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/42px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/56px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organized labour">Organized labour portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Unrest" title="Great Unrest">Great Unrest</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/exhibition/dublin/poverty_health.html">"Exhibition - Poverty and Health"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Ireland" title="National Archives of Ireland">National Archives of Ireland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibition+-+Poverty+and+Health&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.nationalarchives.ie%2Fexhibition%2Fdublin%2Fpoverty_health.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rebel City- Larkin, Connolly and the Dublin Labour Movement</i>, by John Newsinger, Merlin Press Ltd 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrissey, Thomas, <i>William Martin Murphy</i>, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711203151/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin">"Multitext - James Larkin"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/James_Larkin">the original</a> on 11 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multitext+-+James+Larkin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultitext.ucc.ie%2Fd%2FJames_Larkin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The TUC assistance would be worth over €16m in 2014 values.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kostick, C., (1996), "Revolution in Ireland: Popular Militancy 1917 to 1923", p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guinness 1886–1939, SR Dennison & Oliver McDonagh (Cork Univ. Press 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85918-175-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85918-175-9">1-85918-175-9</a> See: Chapter 8, "The employees; work and welfare 1886–1914", and chapter 9, "Industrial Relations 1886–1914".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Transnational Perspectives on Modern Irish History</i>. Taylor & Francis. 2014. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Perspectives+on+Modern+Irish+History&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKok2002" class="citation book cs1">Kok, Jan, ed. (2002). <i>Rebellious Families Household Strategies and Collective Action in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</i>. Berghahn Books. p. 122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebellious+Families+Household+Strategies+and+Collective+Action+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anarkismo.net/article/470">"The Dublin Lock-out of 1913"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dublin+Lock-out+of+1913&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anarkismo.net%2Farticle%2F470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marjorie Howes, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbzycw7rjbMC&pg=PA67">Postcolonial Yeats: Culture, Enlightenment, and the Public Sphere</a>", <i>Field Day Review</i>, Volume 2 (2008), p. 67 and footnote</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Conor McNamara, Padraig Yeates, 'Dublin Lockout 1913, New Perspectives on Class War and its Legacy' (Irish Academic Press, 2017).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockieWalsh2004" class="citation book cs1">Brockie, Gerard; Walsh, Raymond (2004). <i>Modern Ireland</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gill_%26_Macmillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill & Macmillan">Gill & Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-3516-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-3516-0"><bdi>0-7171-3516-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Ireland&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7171-3516-0&rft.aulast=Brockie&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/the-dublin-1913-lockout/">Padraig Yeates, <i>The Dublin 1913 Lockout</i>, History Ireland, 2001.</a></li> <li>Dublin Disturbances Commission (HMSO 1914) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/op1256383-1001"><i>Report</i></a> [Cd. 7269] <a href="/wiki/Command_paper" title="Command paper">Command papers</a>, 1914: Vol. XVIII p. 513</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/op1256384-1001"><i>Minutes of Evidence and Appendices</i></a> [Cd. 7272] Command papers, 1914: Vol. XVIII p. 533</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_lock-out&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Responsibilities/September_1913#September_1913" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Responsibilities/September 1913">September 1913</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/tag/1913-lockout/#.UitLstKshNd">The Irish Story archive on the Lockout</a>.Retrieved 2013-07-09</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130625095258/http://nearfm.ie/podcast/the-history-show-episode-eight/">"History Podcast with Lockout:1913 author Pádraig Yeates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nearfm.ie/podcast/the-history-show-episode-eight/">the original</a> on 25 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Podcast+with+Lockout%3A1913+author+P%C3%A1draig+Yeates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnearfm.ie%2Fpodcast%2Fthe-history-show-episode-eight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus-educational.com/ITdublin.htm">"Brief background to dispute"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+background+to+dispute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spartacus-educational.com%2FITdublin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/james_connolly.htm">"Biography of James Connolly"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+James+Connolly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylearningsite.co.uk%2Fjames_connolly.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/connolly/1913/11/children.htm">[1]</a> Church opposition to sending children to England</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2010/06/02/dublin-in-1913/">"Dublin in 1913"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dublin+in+1913&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2010%2F06%2F02%2Fdublin-in-1913%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2010/06/07/class-war-in-dublin-the-lockout-of-1913/">"Class War in Dublin"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Class+War+in+Dublin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2010%2F06%2F07%2Fclass-war-in-dublin-the-lockout-of-1913%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415010143/http://www.siptu.ie/AboutSIPTU/History/The1913Lock-Out/">"Siptu article on the Lockout"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siptu.ie/AboutSIPTU/History/The1913Lock-Out/">the original</a> on 15 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siptu+article+on+the+Lockout&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siptu.ie%2FAboutSIPTU%2FHistory%2FThe1913Lock-Out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADublin+lock-out" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Hoggen_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoggen Green">Hoggen Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_slave_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin slave market">Dublin slave market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Mathew_Bridge" title="Father Mathew Bridge">Bridge of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin" title="Early Scandinavian Dublin">Early Scandinavian Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin_to_795" title="History of Dublin to 795">History of Dublin to 795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Kingdom of Dublin</a> (c. 853-1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Islandbridge" title="Battle of Islandbridge">Battle of Islandbridge</a> (919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a> (1014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Monday" title="Black Monday">Black Monday</a> (1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">The Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnybrook_Fair" title="Donnybrook Fair">Donnybrook Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gates_of_Dublin" title="List of gates of Dublin">Gates of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin">St Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathbornes_Candles" title="Rathbornes Candles">Rathborne Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Audoen%27s_Church,_Dublin_(Church_of_Ireland)" title="St. Audoen's Church, Dublin (Church of Ireland)">St. Audoen's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Abbey,_Dublin" title="St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin">St. Mary's Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michan%27s_Church,_Dublin" title="St. Michan's Church, Dublin">St. Michan's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Dublin" title="The Tholsel, Dublin">The Tholsel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> (est. 1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_gunpowder_explosion" title="Dublin gunpowder explosion">Dublin gunpowder explosion</a> (1597)</li> <li>Massacre of <a href="/wiki/Baldongan_Church" title="Baldongan Church">Baldongan Church</a> (1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rathmines" title="Battle of Rathmines">Battle of Rathmines</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dublin_(1649)" title="Siege of Dublin (1649)">Siege of Dublin</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Dublin" title="Smithfield, Dublin">Smithfield Market</a> (mid-1600s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brazen_Head" title="The Brazen Head">The Brazen Head</a> (est. 1661)</li> <li>Disappearance of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ouzel_Galley" title="Ouzel Galley">Ouzel Galley</a></i> (1695)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick%27s_Coffee_House" title="Dick's Coffee House">Dick's Coffee House</a> (1698-1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dublin" title="Georgian Dublin">Georgian Architecture in Dublin</a> (1700s)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Wall" title="Great South Wall">Great South Wall</a> (1700s) and <a href="/wiki/Bull_Wall" title="Bull Wall">Bull Wall</a> (1820s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_election_riot" title="Dublin election riot">Dublin election riot</a> (1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drapier%27s_Letters" title="Drapier's Letters">Drapier's Letters</a> (1724-5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linenhall,_Dublin" title="Linenhall, Dublin">Linenhall</a> (1728-1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Hill" title="Montpelier Hill">Hell Fire Club</a> (1735-1741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)#Dublin,_1742" title="Messiah (Handel)">Premiere of Handel's Messiah</a> (1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly%27s_Club" title="Daly's Club">Daly's Club</a> (1750-1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Streets_Commission" title="Wide Streets Commission">Wide Streets Commission</a> (1758-1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Brewery" title="Guinness Brewery">Guinness Brewery</a> (est. 1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Dublin" title="City Hall, Dublin">Royal Exchange</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare_Street_Club" title="Kildare Street Club">Kildare Street Club</a> (est. 1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crosbie" title="Richard Crosbie">Richard Crosbie's</a> balloon ascent (1785)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> (Early 1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_quays" title="Dublin quays">Dublin quays</a> (1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">Irish Rebellion of 1803</a> (1803)</li> <li>Construction of <a href="/wiki/Martello_towers_in_the_Greater_Dublin_Area" title="Martello towers in the Greater Dublin Area">Martello Towers</a> (1803-08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Rochdale_and_Prince_of_Wales" title="Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales">Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R115_road_(Ireland)" title="R115 road (Ireland)">Military Road</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway" title="Dublin and Kingstown Railway">Dublin and Kingstown Railway</a> (1834-56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> (1836-1925)</li> <li>Sinking of the PS <i><a href="/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)">Queen Victoria</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_Harbour" title="Dún Laoghaire Harbour">Dún Laoghaire Harbour</a> (1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">Hamilton's</a> eureka moment at <a href="/wiki/Broom_Bridge" title="Broom Bridge">Broom Bridge</a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Industrial_Exhibition_(1853)" title="Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)">Great Industrial Exhibition</a> (1853)</li> <li>Sinking of the RMS <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Tayleur" title="RMS Tayleur">Tayleur</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monto" title="Monto">Monto (red light district)</a> (1860s-1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_Dublin" title="Wellington Monument, Dublin">Wellington Monument</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Fire_Brigade" title="Dublin Fire Brigade">Dublin Fire Brigade</a> (est. 1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Arts_and_Manufactures" title="International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures">International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_tramways" title="Dublin tramways">Dublin tramways</a> (1872-1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_whiskey_fire" title="Dublin whiskey fire">Dublin whiskey fire</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Murders" title="Phoenix Park Murders">Phoenix Park Murders</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_scandal" title="Dublin Castle scandal">Dublin Castle scandal</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstown_lifeboat_disaster" title="Kingstown lifeboat disaster">Kingstown lifeboat disaster</a> (1895)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_International_Exhibition" title="Irish International Exhibition">Irish International Exhibition</a> (1907)</li> <li>Theft of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels#Theft" title="Irish Crown Jewels">Irish Crown Jewels</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Lock-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Lock-out">Dublin Lock-out</a> (1913-14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Walk_massacre" title="Bachelor's Walk massacre">Bachelor's Walk massacre</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howth_gun-running" title="Howth gun-running">Howth gun-running</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li>Introduction of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">Dublin Postal Districts</a> (1917)</li> <li>Sinking of the <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Leinster" title="RMS Leinster">RMS Leinster</a></i> (1918)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/First_D%C3%A1il" title="First Dáil">First Dáil</a> (1919-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Custom_House" title="Burning of the Custom House">Burning of the Custom House</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dublin" title="Battle of Dublin">Battle of Dublin</a> (1922)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Tailteann_Games_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)">Tailteann Games</a> (1924, 1928, 1932)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins#Assassination" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day#Modern_era" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day parade</a> (est. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Eucharistic_Congress" title="1932 Eucharistic Congress">1932 Eucharistic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Dublin_riot" title="1933 Dublin riot">1933 Dublin riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Street_fire" title="Pearse Street fire">Pearse Street fire</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dublin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dublin in World War II">Bombing of Dublin in World War II</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggotonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggotonia">Baggotonia</a> (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsday" title="Bloomsday">Bloomsday</a> commemorations (est. 1954)</li> <li>Destruction of <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar#Destruction" title="Nelson's Pillar">Nelson's Pillar</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Studio_bombing" title="RTÉ Studio bombing">RTÉ Studio bombing</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Dublin_fires" title="1970 Dublin fires">Dublin fires</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_Train" title="Contraceptive Train">Contraceptive Train</a> (1971)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolbeg_Generating_Station#Poolbeg_Chimneys" title="Poolbeg Generating Station">Poolbeg Chimneys</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_British_Embassy_in_Dublin" title="Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin">Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_and_1973_Dublin_bombings" title="1972 and 1973 Dublin bombings">Dublin bombings</a> (1972-73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_Bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin and Monaghan Bombings">Dublin and Monaghan Bombings</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport_bombing" title="Dublin Airport bombing">Dublin Airport bombing</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Quay" title="Wood Quay">"Save Wood Quay"</a> (1978-79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_fire" title="Stardust fire">Stardust fire</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUBU" title="GUBU">"GUBU" (Malcolm MacArthur)</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dublin Area Rapid Transit">Dublin Area Rapid Transit</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley_(1986)" title="Hurricane Charley (1986)">Hurricane Charley</a> flooding (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Millennium">Dublin Millennium</a> celebrations (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Dublin)_Act_1993" title="Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993">Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_Road_football_riot" title="Lansdowne Road football riot">Lansdowne Road football riot</a> (1995)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Guerin#Assassination_and_funeral" title="Veronica Guerin">Veronica Guerin</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin-Drimnagh_feud" title="Crumlin-Drimnagh feud">Crumlin-Drimnagh feud</a> (2000-2016)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games" title="2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games">Special Olympics</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Dublin" title="Spire of Dublin">Spire of Dublin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Dublin_May_Day_protests" title="2004 Dublin May Day protests">May Day protests</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dublin_riots" title="2006 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Port_Tunnel" title="Dublin Port Tunnel">Dublin Port Tunnel</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Ireland" title="Anti-austerity movement in Ireland">Anti-austerity</a> demonstrations (2008-15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ireland_floods" title="2008 Ireland floods">2008 floods</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublinbikes" title="Dublinbikes">Dublinbikes</a> (est. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Bank_of_Ireland_robbery" title="2009 Bank of Ireland robbery">Bank of Ireland robbery</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">M50 motorway</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Police_training_explosives_incident" title="Slovak Police training explosives incident">Slovak Police training explosives incident</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Docks" title="Silicon Docks">Silicon Docks</a> (est. 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Dame_Street" title="Occupy Dame Street">Occupy Dame Street</a> (2011-12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutch%E2%80%93Kinahan_feud" title="Hutch–Kinahan feud">Hutch–Kinahan feud</a> (2015-to date)</li> <li>Occupation of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_House_(Dublin)" title="Apollo House (Dublin)">Apollo House</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Tech_Summit" title="Dublin Tech Summit">Dublin Tech Summit</a> (est. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_British_Isles_cold_wave" title="2018 British Isles cold wave">The Beast from the East</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolock_feud" title="Coolock feud">Coolock feud</a> (2019-20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic</a> (2020-2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dublin_riots" title="2021 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_anti-immigration_protests_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish anti-immigration protests (2022–present)">Irish anti-immigration protests</a> (2022-to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dublin_riot" title="2023 Dublin riot">Dublin mass stabbing & riot</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual sporting events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Horse_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Horse Show">Dublin Horse Show</a> (est. 1864)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Football Final</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardstown_Racecourse" title="Leopardstown Racecourse">Leopardstown Racecourse</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Racecourse" title="Phoenix Park Racecourse">Phoenix Park Racecourse</a> (1902-1990)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Hurling_Final" title="All-Ireland Hurling Final">All-Ireland Hurling Final</a> (est. 1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Liffey_Swim" title="The Liffey Swim">Liffey Swim</a> (est. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin%E2%80%93Limerick_hurling_rivalry" title="Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry">Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry</a> (1923 - to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race" title="Liffey Descent Canoe Race">Liffey Descent canoe race</a> (est. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Marathon" title="Dublin Marathon">Dublin Marathon</a> (est. 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Mini_Marathon,_Dublin" title="Women's Mini Marathon, Dublin">Women's Mini Marathon</a> (est. 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ireland_Run" title="Great Ireland Run">Great Ireland Run</a> (est. 2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ireland_topics" title="Template talk:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ireland_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ireland-related_topics" title="List of Ireland-related topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Outline of the Republic of Ireland">topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of Northern Ireland–related topics">topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas"><i>Oireachtas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><i>Dáil Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><i>Seanad Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lúnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Tralee_(festival)" title="Rose of Tralee (festival)">Rose of Tralee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wren_Day" title="Wren Day">Wren Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_martial_arts" title="Irish martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Ireland" title="Rugby union in Ireland">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Ireland" title="Category:National symbols of Ireland">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brighid's Cross</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtic_harp" title="Celtic harp">Cláirseach</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Ireland" title="Armorial of Ireland">County coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Ireland" title="List of flags of Ireland">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_flags_issue" title="Northern Ireland flags issue">Northern Ireland flags issue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Wolfhound" title="Irish Wolfhound">Irish Wolfhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland" title="Coat of arms of Ireland">National coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hand_of_Ulster" title="Red Hand of Ulster">Red Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">Shamrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a 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