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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2005 Cedar Revolution and key precursor movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005_Cedar_Revolution_and_key_precursor_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>In parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_presidential_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_presidential_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>2022 presidential candidacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_presidential_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_engagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lebanese politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michel Moawad</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar">ميشال معوض</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-MICHEL_MOAWAD_-_PHOTO_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="611" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Michel Moawad in 2021</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Parliament">Member of the Lebanese Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />6 May 2018</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zgharta" title="Zgharta">Zgharta</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election" title="2018 Lebanese general election">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1972-06-04</span>) </span>4 June 1972<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 52)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">Independence Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Marielle Kosremelli</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Moawad" title="René Moawad">René Moawad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nayla_Moawad" title="Nayla Moawad">Nayla Moawad</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michel Moawad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ميشال معوض</span>; born 4 June 1972) is Lebanese politician. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Renewal_Bloc" title="Renewal Bloc">Renewal Bloc</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanese Parliament</a> representing the <a href="/wiki/Zgharta_District" title="Zgharta District">Zgharta District</a>. Since his election to Parliament, he has been also elected as a member of the parliamentary Finance and Budget Committee and is currently the executive director of the René Moawad Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michel Moawad was born on 4 June 1972, in Lebanon. He is the son of the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">President of the Lebanese Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Moawad" title="René Moawad">René Moawad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zghartafamily_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zghartafamily-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paxbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paxbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moawad attended school at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Notre_Dame_de_Jamhour" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour">Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour</a>, graduating in 1990 and obtaining the French Baccalaureate with honors. He then attended the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" title="Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève">Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève</a> <a href="/wiki/Classe_pr%C3%A9paratoire_aux_grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles">Preparatory School</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9cole" title="Grande école">Grandes écoles</a> in Versailles and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/ESCP_Business_School" title="ESCP Business School">École supérieure de commerce de Paris</a> (ESCP). He also obtained a master's degree in Public Law from the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-linkedin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linkedin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_Movement">Independence Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Independence Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michel Moawad is the founder and president of the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">Independence Movement</a>, a sovereigntist, reformist, secular and socio-liberal political party, launched in 2005. The Independence Movement began as a grassroots initiative as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Revolution" title="Cedar Revolution">Cedar Revolution</a>, before it evolved into a structured political organization. In addition, Moawad was a member of the 14 March Coalition Leadership, as well as an active participant of the 2005 Cedar Revolution and key precursor movements, including the <a href="/wiki/Qornet_Shehwan_Gathering" title="Qornet Shehwan Gathering">Qornet Shehwan Gathering</a> and Bristol Gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-Bio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005_Cedar_Revolution_and_key_precursor_movements">2005 Cedar Revolution and key precursor movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2005 Cedar Revolution and key precursor movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moawad was actively involved in several key movements that paved the way towards the 2005 Cedar Revolution. He was a founding member of the Qornet Shehwan Gathering, a political opposition grouping formed in 2001, which was the primary opposition force to the Syrian hegemony in Lebanon. The group gathered key Christian figures, including Lebanese Minister <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Amine_Gemayel" title="Pierre Amine Gemayel">Pierre Amine Gemayel</a>, and Members of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Gebran_Tueni" title="Gebran Tueni">Gebran Tueni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Ghanem" title="Antoine Ghanem">Antoine Ghanem</a>, all of which were assassinated for their political opposition. Moreover, Moawad was a founding member of the Bristol Gathering in 2005, the largest multi-sectarian opposition bloc in the history of Lebanon at the time, formed following the illegal extension of former Lebanese President Emile Lahoud's term imposed by the Syrian government. Following the 2005 Cedar Revolution, Moawad joined the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/14_March_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="14 March Alliance">14 March Alliance</a> alliance, and participated in the Doha Conference of May 2008 that came as a result of 7 May events that saw Hezbollah militarily invade the capital and parts of the Chouf area. The conference produced the <a href="/wiki/Doha_Agreement_(2008)" title="Doha Agreement (2008)">Doha Agreement</a> to end an 18-month-long political crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyStarA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyStarA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_parliament">In parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moawad ran as a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009 Lebanese parliamentary elections</a> with the Lebanese Forces and other 14 March political parties attaining 47% of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/North_III" title="North III">Zgharta–Zawye district</a>, losing against the <a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada Movement</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh" title="Suleiman Frangieh">Suleiman Frangieh</a>. In 2013, the Parliamentary Elections were postponed to 2018, and Moawad underwent various attempts to politically ally with several parties in the hope to limit his opponents growing public influence,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were finally represented in the 2018 Elections where Moawad came in 2nd in <a href="/wiki/Zgharta_District" title="Zgharta District">Zgharta District</a>, and his party, the Independence Movement, cemented itself as the 4th largest power in the <a href="/wiki/North_III" title="North III">North 3</a> electoral sector, allied with The Free Patriotic Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an MP, Moawad was a member of the Parliamentary Finance and Budget Committee, and played a pivotal role in advocating reforms, fighting corruption, and exposing the illegal partisan employment in the public sector.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moawad was part of the <a href="/wiki/Strong_Lebanon" title="Strong Lebanon">FPM bloc</a> until late 2019 when he was seen as an independent MP when he named <a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Nawaf Salam</a> unlike the rest of the bloc that named <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Diab" title="Hassan Diab">Hassan Diab</a>. </p><p>Moawad resigned from parliament in protest following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion" title="2020 Beirut explosion">Beirut explosion</a> on 4 August 2020, and is today a leading figure and founding member of the Lebanese Opposition Front.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">Independence Movement</a> allied with the Kataeb Party, the son of the ex-minister and ex-parliament member Boutros Harb and other <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Anti-Hezbollah</a> independents to form a list called 'Shamal Al Mouwajaha' to bring down <a href="/wiki/Gebran_Bassil" title="Gebran Bassil">Gebran Bassil</a> and Sleiman Frengieh's presence in the <a href="/wiki/North_III" title="North III">North III</a> electoral districts. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_presidential_candidacy">2022 presidential candidacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2022 presidential candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, Moawad declared his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Lebanese presidential election">Lebanese presidential elections</a> to succeed President <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>, whose 6-year term was ended on 31 October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civic_engagement">Civic engagement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civic engagement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moawad's civic involvement, which started in 1997 with his struggle to pressure the government to organize municipal elections for the first time since 1964 through the "Baladi, Baldati, Baladiyati" Campaign, further includes supporting employment and entrepreneurship via initiatives such as FORAS: Fostering Entrepreneurship and Employment in North Lebanon and the Business Incubation Association in Tripoli (BIAT), as well as several social initiatives to protect and ameliorate the conditions of underprivileged populations in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-mmfoundation_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mmfoundation-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moawad is a founding member and current executive director of the René Moawad Foundation (RMF). RMF is an <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a> with programs across Lebanon in partnership with international donors including <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> and all its organs, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, the German <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Internationale_Zusammenarbeit" title="Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit">GIZ</a> and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its mission is to promote social, economic, and rural development in Lebanon and contribute to building a responsible civil society that promotes democratic values, social justice, pluralism, and moderation. It works in five sectors: Education and Human Development, Health and Social Care, Economic Development, Agriculture and Rural Development, and Local Authorities and Decentralization. RMF's budget for 2020 was $19.571M, and its programs reached 530,630 beneficiaries. Furthermore, RMF has a US based sister NGO, which Moawad participated in founding.<sup id="cite_ref-busincubation_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-busincubation-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rmfb_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmfb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moawad is also a board member of the Maronite Foundation in the World.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moawad is married to Marielle Kosremelli and is a father of 4 children.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmf.org.lb/our-story/">"Our Story – René Moawad Foundation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Story+%E2%80%93+Ren%C3%A9+Moawad+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmf.org.lb%2Four-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zghartafamily-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zghartafamily_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208044233/http://www.caza-zgharta.com/archive/familyrule.htm">"The rule of the five families"</a>. Caza Zgharta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caza-zgharta.com/archive/familyrule.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+rule+of+the+five+families&rft.pub=Caza+Zgharta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caza-zgharta.com%2Farchive%2Ffamilyrule.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paxbook-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paxbook_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Husseini2012" class="citation book cs1">El-Husseini, Rola (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zgl6DgAVzWMC"><i>Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3304-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3304-4"><bdi>978-0-8156-3304-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pax+Syriana%3A+Elite+Politics+in+Postwar+Lebanon&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3304-4&rft.aulast=El-Husseini&rft.aufirst=Rola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzgl6DgAVzWMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linkedin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linkedin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/michel-moawad/87/b6b/988">"LinkedIn Profile"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=almodon&rft.atitle=4+%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9%3A+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84&rft.aulast=%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3&rft.aufirst=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almodon.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F3%2F27%2F4-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/breaking-news/368180/michel-moawad-declares-alliance-with-fpm-in-north/en">"Michel Moawad declares alliance with FPM in North Lebanon's third electoral district"</a>. <i>LBCI Lebanon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asianews.it&rft.atitle=The+5+key+issues+of+the+Lebanon%27s+May+elections&rft.au=AsiaNews.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianews.it%2Fnews-en%2FThe-5-key-issues-of-the-Lebanon%2527s-May-elections--55149.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/615581/mouawad-what-is-required-is-the-resignation-of-a-s/en">"Mouawad: What is required is the resignation of a system of authority run by Hezbollah"</a>. <i>LBCI Lebanon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LBCI+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Mouawad%3A+What+is+required+is+the+resignation+of+a+system+of+authority+run+by+Hezbollah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F615581%2Fmouawad-what-is-required-is-the-resignation-of-a-s%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1295623/michel-moawad-leads-north-lebanon-iii-list-shamal-al-mouwajaha-unveiled-saturday.html">"Michel Moawad leads North Lebanon III list 'Shamal Al Mouwajaha,' unveiled Saturday"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 2 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Michel+Moawad+leads+North+Lebanon+III+list+%27Shamal+Al+Mouwajaha%2C%27+unveiled+Saturday&rft.date=2022-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1295623%2Fmichel-moawad-leads-north-lebanon-iii-list-shamal-al-mouwajaha-unveiled-saturday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arab.news/83g4y">"Christian parties demand restoration of Lebanon's sovereignty from Hezbollah"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 28 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmf.org.lb/main/main/default.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rene+Moawad+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmf.org.lb%2Fmain%2Fmain%2Fdefault.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/504533">"Mouawad meets EU ambassador"</a>. <i>ui.webname</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ui.webname&rft.atitle=Mouawad+meets+EU+ambassador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nna-leb.gov.lb%2Fen%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9%2F504533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-busincubation-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-busincubation_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biatcenter.org/">"Business Incubation Association in Tripoli"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Business+Incubation+Association+in+Tripoli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biatcenter.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rmfb-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rmfb_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090120/http://www.rmf.org.lb/aboutus/aboutrmf/rmfusa.html">"René Moawad Foundation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmf.org.lb/aboutus/aboutrmf/rmfusa.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ren%C3%A9+Moawad+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmf.org.lb%2Faboutus%2Faboutrmf%2Frmfusa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maronitefoundation.org/MaroniteFoundation/en/Aboutus">"Maronite Foundation - About us"</a>. <i>maronitefoundation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maronitefoundation.org&rft.atitle=Maronite+Foundation+-+About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaronitefoundation.org%2FMaroniteFoundation%2Fen%2FAboutus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5_6sS8hlAw"><i>kalam Ennas – Michel Moawad – تقرير ميشال معوّض</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=kalam+Ennas+%E2%80%93+Michel+Moawad+%E2%80%93+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%91%D8%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DX5_6sS8hlAw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichel+Moawad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/Independencemovment">Independence Movement Official Facebook Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michelmoawad.com/en/">Michel Mouawad Official Website (English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I254&tree=ehden">Michel Moawad sur Ehden Family Tree</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/watch/38031/michel-moawad/en">https://www.lbcgroup.tv/watch/38031/michel-moawad/en</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/Programs/Bi_Mawdouiyeh/2018/videos">https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/Programs/Bi_Mawdouiyeh/2018/videos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/elections/article/1110756/michel-moawad-cest-en-me-reconciliant-avec-le-cpl-que-je-ressemble-a-mon-pere.html">https://www.lorientlejour.com/elections/article/1110756/michel-moawad-cest-en-me-reconciliant-avec-le-cpl-que-je-ressemble-a-mon-pere.html</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the Independence Movement </b><br />2005–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Incumbent</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&oldid=1257600679">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michel_Moawad&oldid=1257600679</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1972_births" title="Category:1972 births">1972 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lebanese_Maronites" title="Category:Lebanese Maronites">Lebanese Maronites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of Lebanon">Members of the Parliament of Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_presidents_of_Lebanon" title="Category:Children of presidents of Lebanon">Children of presidents of Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maronite_politicians" title="Category:Maronite politicians">Maronite politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ESCP_Business_School_alumni" title="Category:ESCP Business School alumni">ESCP Business School alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2023">Use dmy dates from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template:Succession_box:_%27after%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27incumbent%27" title="Category:Template:Succession box: 'after' parameter includes the word 'incumbent'">Template:Succession box: 'after' parameter includes the word 'incumbent'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-aft:_%27after%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27incumbent%27" title="Category:S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'incumbent'">S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'incumbent'</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 19:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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