CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Trojan War in literature and the arts - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8628842d-113b-488b-90c3-f29e39f15fa5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts","wgTitle":"Trojan War in literature and the arts","wgCurRevisionId":1220157822,"wgRevisionId":1220157822,"wgArticleId":4373575,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2024","All articles lacking in-text citations","Military fiction","Cultural depictions of the Trojan War","Trojan War literature","Ancient Greece in art and culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts","wgRelevantArticleId":4373575,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7845118","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/1200px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1185"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/800px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="790"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/640px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="632"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Trojan War in literature and the arts - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts rootpage-Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mosaic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosaic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mosaic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosaic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pottery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pottery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Pottery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pottery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Greek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Television and radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics_and_graphic_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics_and_graphic_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Comics and graphic novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics_and_graphic_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trojan War in literature and the arts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7845118#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&oldid=1220157822" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&id=1220157822&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7845118" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:250px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/250px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/375px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg/500px-Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="1653" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> tending the wounded <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Attic red-figure kylix</a>, c. 500 BC)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Literary sources</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid"><i>Aeneid</i>, Book 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Aulis" title="Iphigenia in Aulis">Iphigenia in Aulis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes_(Sophocles_play)" title="Philoctetes (Sophocles play)">Philoctetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(play)" title="Ajax (play)">Ajax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trojan_Women" title="The Trojan Women">The Trojan Women</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></li></ul> <i>See also:</i> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trojan War in literature and the arts</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Episodes</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Paris" title="Judgement of Paris">Judgement of Paris</a></li> <li>Seduction of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliupersis" title="Iliupersis">Sack of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">The Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Wanderings of Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneas and the Founding of Rome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Greeks and allies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Achaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li></ul> <hr /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Achaean_Leaders" title="Achaean Leaders">Achaean Leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Ships" title="Catalogue of Ships">Catalogue of Ships</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Trojans and allies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memnon (mythology)">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amazons" title="Amazons">Amazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpedon_(Trojan_War_hero)" title="Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)">Sarpedon</a></li></ul> <hr /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Battle_Order" title="Trojan Battle Order">Trojan Battle Order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Leaders" title="Trojan Leaders">Trojan Leaders</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Participant gods</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Caused the war:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>On the Greek side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>On the Trojan side:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Historicity</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahhiyawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahhiyawa">Ahhiyawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaksandu" title="Alaksandu">Alaksandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy#Archaeological_layers" title="Troy">Archaeology of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attarsiya" title="Attarsiya">Attarsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisarlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisarlik">Hisarlık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">Homeric Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_Troy" title="Late Bronze Age Troy">Late Bronze Age Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapa-Tarhunta_letter" title="Manapa-Tarhunta letter">Manapa-Tarhunta letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milawata_letter" title="Milawata letter">Milawata letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawagalawa_letter" title="Tawagalawa letter">Tawagalawa letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_language" title="Trojan language">Trojan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilusa" title="Wilusa">Wilusa</a></li></ul> <hr /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad" title="Historicity of the Iliad">Historicity of the Iliad</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#F0ACAC;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age Collapse">Bronze Age Collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">Homeric Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Warfare" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean warfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trojan_War" title="Template:Trojan War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trojan_War" title="Template talk:Trojan War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trojan_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trojan War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are a wide range of ways in which people have represented the <b>Trojan War in literature and the arts</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The pre-war episodes of <a href="/wiki/Leda_and_the_Swan" title="Leda and the Swan">Leda and the Swan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Paris" title="Judgement of Paris">Judgement of Paris</a> were frequent subjects in art from the Renaissance onwards.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n" title="Laocoön">Laocoön</a>, c.1610–1614, a painting by <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy_(painting)" title="Helen of Troy (painting)">Helen of Troy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_De_Morgan" title="Evelyn De Morgan">Evelyn De Morgan</a></li> <li><i>Fifty Days at Iliam</i> by <a href="/wiki/Cy_Twombly" title="Cy Twombly">Cy Twombly</a>, painted in 1978<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sketches of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo">Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo</a>, illustrating the fall of Troy<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mosaic">Mosaic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mosaic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In a Roman villa complex at <a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a> in the United Kingdom, a third or fourth century <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> depicts the fight between Achilles and Hector.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pottery">Pottery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pottery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Innumerable ancient items, including: </p> <ul><li>the Trojan War was a classic subject for the <a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery of ancient Greece</a> (for example see the potter <a href="/wiki/Exekias" title="Exekias">Exekias</a> and certain bands of the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase" title="François Vase">François Vase</a>).</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Mykonos_vase" title="Mykonos vase">Mykonos vase</a>, pottery depiction of the Trojan war and horse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Medici_Vase" title="Medici Vase">Medici Vase</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_his_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocoön and his Sons">Laocoön and his Sons</a></i></li> <li>A marble <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> believed to date back to the second century and unearthed at the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, depicts the Trojan war, showing the Greek heroes Agamemnon and Achilles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical">Classical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greek">Greek</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Greek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li>other poems in the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a> (all lost): <ul><li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Kypria</a></i>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Stasinus" title="Stasinus">Stasinos of Cyprus</a></li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Aithiopis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aithiopis">Aithiopis</a></i></li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Iliad" title="Little Iliad">Little Iliad</a></i></li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliou_Persis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliou Persis">Iliou Persis</a></i> ("Sack of Troy")</li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Nostoi" title="Nostoi">Nostoi</a></i> ("Returns")</li></ul></li> <li>several poems by <a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li>numerous plays, mostly tragedies of which the extant ones are: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agamemnon (play)">Agamemnon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libation_Bearers" class="mw-redirect" title="Libation Bearers">Libation Bearers</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(play)" title="Ajax (play)">Ajax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philoctetes (play)">Philoctetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Sophocles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Sophocles)">Electra</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_at_Aulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigenia at Aulis">Iphigenia at Aulis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan Women">Trojan Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hecuba_(play)" title="Hecuba (play)">Hecuba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andromache_(play)" title="Andromache (play)">Andromache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helen_(play)" title="Helen (play)">Helen</a></i> <i></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Euripides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Euripides)">Electra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(play)" title="Cyclops (play)">Cyclops</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>of disputed authorship (traditionally attributed to Euripides): <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhesus_(play)" title="Rhesus (play)">Rhesus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>the <i>Heroicus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Philostratus_of_Lemnos" title="Philostratus of Lemnos">Philostratus the Elder</a> (3rd century)</li> <li>the <i>Capture of Troy</i> by <a href="/wiki/Tryphiodorus" title="Tryphiodorus">Triphiodorus</a></li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Quintus_of_Smyrna" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus of Smyrna">Quintus of Smyrna</a> (4th century AD)</li> <li>excerpts from <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Pseudo-Apollodorus' Bibliotheca</a> (1st or 2nd century AD)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin">Latin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> (book 2)</li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (books 12–14)</li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Heroides" title="Heroides">Heroides</a></i> By <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (I, III, V, VII)</li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Double_Heroides" title="Double Heroides">Double Heroides</a></i> By <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (XVI & XVII)</li> <li>the <i>Ephemeris</i>, purporting to be by <a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys of Crete</a></li> <li>the <i>Fall of Troy</i>, purporting to be by <a href="/wiki/Dares_Phrygius" title="Dares Phrygius">Dares of Phrygia</a></li> <li>the <i><a href="/wiki/Achilleid" title="Achilleid">Achilleis</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Roman de Troie</i> by <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_de_Sainte-Maure" title="Benoît de Sainte-Maure">Benoît de Sainte-Maure</a> (ca. 1160), derived from Dictys and Dares.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_bello_Troiano" title="De bello Troiano">De bello Troiano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Exeter" title="Joseph of Exeter">Joseph of Exeter</a> (1183–4)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historiae_destructionis_Troiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiae destructionis Troiae">Historiae destructionis Troiae</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Guido_delle_Colonne" title="Guido delle Colonne">Guido delle Colonne</a> (1287), derived from Benoît.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_Filostrato" title="Il Filostrato">Il filostrato</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>, derived from Benoît and Guido.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Criseyde" title="Troilus and Criseyde">Troilus and Criseyde</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, a poem in <a href="/wiki/Rhyme_royal" title="Rhyme royal">rhyme royal</a> telling a tragic love story set during the war; derived from the above works.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Rawlinson_Excidium_Troie" title="Rawlinson Excidium Troie">Rawlinson <i>Excidium Troie</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seege_of_Troye" title="The Seege of Troye">The Seege of Troye</a></i>, a Middle English poem based on "Dares" and Benoît.</li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Laud_Troy_Book" title="Laud Troy Book">Laud Troy Book</a></i>, another Middle English poem, written about 1400.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy_Book" title="Troy Book">Troy Book</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Lydgate" title="John Lydgate">John Lydgate</a>, a Middle English poem composed 1412–20.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Recuyell_of_the_Historyes_of_Troye" title="Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye">Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye</a></i>, published in 1474, the first printed book to be published in English, containing <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">Caxton</a>'s translation of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raoul_le_Fevre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul le Fevre (page does not exist)">Raoul le Fevre</a>'s work, in turn derived from Guido and, ultimately, Benoît.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragical_History_of_Doctor_Faustus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus">The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus</a></i>, written circa 1590, features <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s dark interpretation of Chaucer's story, derived from Caxton's <i>Recuyell</i> written in 1602.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dismissal_of_the_Greek_Envoys" title="The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys">The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys</a></i> play by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kochanowski" title="Jan Kochanowski">Jan Kochanowski</a>, 1578</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></i> play by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a>, 1808.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faust,_Part_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Faust, Part 2">Faust, Part 2</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> published in 1832 features <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>.</li> <li>Several poems by <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a> make reference to the Trojan War or Troy in the context of the Trojan War. <ul><li><i>No Second Troy</i>, published in 1910</li> <li><i>A Man Young and Old VI</i>, published in 1928</li> <li><i>Leda and the Swan</i>, published in 1928</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trojan_War_Will_Not_Take_Place" title="The Trojan War Will Not Take Place">The Trojan War Will Not Take Place</a></i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraudoux" title="Jean Giraudoux">Jean Giraudoux</a>, written in 1935.</li> <li><i>A Trojan Ending</i>, novel by <a href="/wiki/Laura_Riding" title="Laura Riding">Laura Riding</a> (Deya: Seizin Press; London: Constable, 1937).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_(novel)" title="Cassandra (novel)">Kassandra</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a>, published in 1983.</li> <li><i>The Greek Generals Talk</i> (1986) and <i>The Trojan Generals Talk</i> collections of short stories by <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Parotti" title="Phillip Parotti">Phillip Parotti</a>.</li> <li><i>Cassandra: Princess of Troy</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Bailey" title="Hilary Bailey">Hilary Bailey</a> published in 1993.</li> <li><i>The Song of Troy</i> by <a href="/wiki/Colleen_McCullough" title="Colleen McCullough">Colleen McCullough</a> published in 1998.</li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_series" title="Nantucket series">Nantucket series</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/S._M._Stirling" title="S. M. Stirling">S. M. Stirling</a> involves a time-travelling American adventurer overthrowing <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and proceeding to himself conquer and destroy Troy, in a manner quite different from that depicted by Homer. (Published 1998–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Songs_of_the_Kings" title="The Songs of the Kings">The Songs of the Kings</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Unsworth" title="Barry Unsworth">Barry Unsworth</a>, published in 2002.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilium_(novel)" title="Ilium (novel)">Ilium</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a>, published in 2003, gives the story of Troy a science fiction twist.</li> <li><i>The Siege of Troy</i> by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Tobin" title="Greg Tobin">Greg Tobin</a> published in 2004.</li> <li><i>The Talisman of Troy: A Novel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Valerio_Massimo_Manfredi" title="Valerio Massimo Manfredi">Valerio Massimo Manfredi</a> published in 2004.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Clarke" title="Lindsay Clarke">Lindsay Clarke</a>'s <i>Troy</i> series: <ul><li><i>The War at Troy</i>, published in 2004.</li> <li><i>Return from Troy</i>, published in 2005.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Music_(poem)" title="War Music (poem)">War Music</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Logue" title="Christopher Logue">Christopher Logue</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">Modernist</a> retelling of books 1–8 and 16–19 of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer's</a> <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, published between 1959 and 2005.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gene_(novel)" title="Gene (novel)">Gene</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Stel_Pavlou" title="Stel Pavlou">Stel Pavlou</a>, published in 2005, is the story of a soldier from the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> reincarnated seven times through history.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gemmell" title="David Gemmell">David Gemmell's</a> <b>Troy Series</b>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy:_Lord_of_the_Silver_Bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy: Lord of the Silver Bow">Troy: Lord of the Silver Bow</a></i>, published in 2005.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy:_Shield_of_Thunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy: Shield of Thunder">Troy: Shield of Thunder</a></i>, published in 2006.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy:_Fall_of_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy: Fall of Kings">Troy: Fall of Kings</a></i>, published in 2008.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Helen of Troy</i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_George" title="Margaret George">Margaret George</a>, published in 2006.</li> <li><i>The Song of Achilles</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Madeline_Miller" title="Madeline Miller">Madeline Miller</a>, published in 2012 is a retelling of the stories surrounding the Trojan War from the point of view of <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>, who the story presents as the <a href="/wiki/Achilles_and_Patroclus" title="Achilles and Patroclus">lover</a> of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>.</li> <li><i>Ransom</i>, by <a href="/wiki/David_Malouf" title="David Malouf">David Malouf</a>, published in 2009, is a retelling of the Iliad, from books 22 to 24. It tells the story of <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> as he goes to <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> to plead for the return of the body of <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>.</li> <li><i>The Lost Books of the Odyssey</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Mason" title="Zachary Mason">Zachary Mason</a>, published in 2010, is a creative retelling of the adventures of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Ithaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Ithaca">Ithaca</a>, told from the perspective of (mostly) the antagonists of Odysseus, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Girls" title="The Silence of the Girls">The Silence of the Girls</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Barker" title="Pat Barker">Pat Barker</a> published in 2018 is a retelling from the point of view of <a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Thousand_Ships" title="A Thousand Ships">A Thousand Ships</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Haynes" title="Natalie Haynes">Natalie Haynes</a>, published in 2019 is a retelling from various female characters' points of view.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Temporary_Like_Achilles" title="Temporary Like Achilles">Temporary Like Achilles</a>", by singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a></i> (1966).</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Brave_Ulysses" title="Tales of Brave Ulysses">Tales of Brave Ulysses</a>", by the band <a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a>, released as a <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B-side</a> in May 1967, and also included on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Disraeli_Gears" title="Disraeli Gears">Disraeli Gears</a></i> (1967).</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Achilles_Last_Stand" title="Achilles Last Stand">Achilles Last Stand</a>", by the band <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/Presence_(album)" title="Presence (album)">Presence</a></i> (1976).</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paris_(Jon_English_musical)" title="Paris (Jon English musical)">Paris</a>", a rock musical by <a href="/wiki/Jon_English" title="Jon English">Jon English</a>, first released in 1990 and reworked in 2003 and 2008.</li> <li>"Achilles, Agony and Ecstasy in Eight Parts", by the heavy metal band <a href="/wiki/Manowar" title="Manowar">Manowar</a> from the album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Steel" title="The Triumph of Steel">The Triumph of Steel</a></i> (1992).</li> <li>"I Stole a Bride", by the band <a href="/wiki/Hefner_(band)" title="Hefner (band)">Hefner</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fidelity_Wars" title="The Fidelity Wars">The Fidelity Wars</a></i> (1999).</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_Then_There_Was_Silence" title="And Then There Was Silence">And Then There Was Silence</a>", by the band <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a>, released as a <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">single</a> in November 2001, and also included on the album <i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_the_Opera_(Blind_Guardian_album)" title="A Night at the Opera (Blind Guardian album)">A Night at the Opera</a></i> (2002); an epic 14 minute song picturing the last part of the Trojan War through <a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a>'s eyes.</li> <li>The name of the American <a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">post-hardcore</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Troy_(band)" title="The Fall of Troy (band)">The Fall of Troy</a> is inspired by the Trojan War.</li> <li>The entire album <i><a href="/wiki/Ethernaut" title="Ethernaut">Ethernaut</a></i> (2003), by the band <a href="/wiki/The_Cr%C3%BCxshadows" title="The Crüxshadows">The Crüxshadows</a>, was based on the Trojan War and the fall of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>.</li> <li>"The Third Temptation of Paris" by the band <a href="/wiki/Alesana" title="Alesana">Alesana</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/On_Frail_Wings_of_Vanity_and_Wax" class="mw-redirect" title="On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax">On Frail Wings of Vanity and Wax</a></i> (2006); a piano ballad picturing the fall of Troy through <a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a>' eyes.</li> <li>“The History of Man”, by <a href="/wiki/Maisie_Peters" title="Maisie Peters">Maisie Peters</a>, contains the line, “The men start wars yet <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> hates <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>”.</li> <li>"Achilles Come Down", by <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Youths" title="Gang of Youths">Gang of Youths</a>, focuses on Achilles ready to kill himself following the death of <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy_(film)" title="Helen of Troy (film)">Helen of Troy</a></i> (1956), featuring <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baker" title="Stanley Baker">Stanley Baker</a> as Achilles.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trojan_Horse_(film)" title="The Trojan Horse (film)">La Guerra di Troia</a> (The Trojan War)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1961_in_film" title="1961 in film">1961</a>), by <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Ferroni" title="Giorgio Ferroni">Giorgio Ferroni</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Faustus (1967 film)">Doctor Faustus</a></i> (1967), by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Coghill" title="Nevill Coghill">Nevill Coghill</a>, stars <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> as Helen of Troy and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Faust" title="Faust">Doctor Faustus</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_(film)" title="Iphigenia (film)">Iphigenia</a></i> is a 1977 rendering of the prologue to the Trojan War where <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> sacrifices his daughter to appease the Goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> before sailing to Troy.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trojan_Women_(film)" title="The Trojan Women (film)">The Trojan Women</a></i> (1971), an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' play directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cacoyannis" title="Michael Cacoyannis">Michael Cacoyannis</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> as Hecuba, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> as Andromache, <a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Bujold" title="Geneviève Bujold">Geneviève Bujold</a> as Cassandra and <a href="/wiki/Irene_Papas" title="Irene Papas">Irene Papas</a> as Helen.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy_(film)" title="Troy (film)">Troy</a></i> (2004), by <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Petersen" title="Wolfgang Petersen">Wolfgang Petersen</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> as Achilles, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a> as Odysseus, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Bana" title="Eric Bana">Eric Bana</a> as Hector, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a> as Paris, and <a href="/wiki/Diane_Kruger" title="Diane Kruger">Diane Kruger</a> as Helen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera">Opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_di_Ulisse_in_patria" class="mw-redirect" title="Il ritorno di Ulisse in patria">Il ritorno di Ulisse in patria</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a>, composed in 1641, after Homer.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dido_and_Aeneas" title="Dido and Aeneas">Dido and Aeneas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a>, composed 1688, after Virgil.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Gay" title="John Gay">John Gay</a>, composed in 1733</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Troyens" title="Les Troyens">Les Troyens</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, composed 1856–8 after Virgil.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_belle_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne" title="La belle Hélène">La belle Hélène</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a> composed in 1864</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida_(opera)" title="Troilus and Cressida (opera)">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Walton" title="William Walton">William Walton</a> composed 1947–1954 after Chaucer.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Priam" title="King Priam">King Priam</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tippett" title="Michael Tippett">Michael Tippett</a>, composed 1958–61 after Homer.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Television and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_Makers" title="The Myth Makers">The Myth Makers</a></i>, a 1965 <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> serial, depicted the last days of the war satirically.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Trojan_War" title="In Search of the Trojan War">In Search of the Trojan War</a></i>, a six part BBC miniseries originally aired in 1985 hosted by the historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wood_(historian)" title="Michael Wood (historian)">Michael Wood</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Commanders" title="Time Commanders">Time Commanders</a></i>, a BBC television programme about ancient battle strategy, fought out the battle of Troy in one episode.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_Tunnel" title="The Time Tunnel">The Time Tunnel</a></i> episode "Revenge Of The Gods" (aired 21 October 1966) involves the American protagonists arriving at the final stage of the war and helping the Greeks to conquer and destroy Troy.</li> <li><i>Operation Lightning Pegasus</i>, a satirical version by <a href="/wiki/Alick_Rowe" title="Alick Rowe">Alick Rowe</a>, first broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> in 1981.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Xena:_Warrior_Princess" title="Xena: Warrior Princess">Xena: Warrior Princess</a></i> episode "Beware of Greeks bearing Gifts" (aired 15 January 1996) involves Xena and Gabrielle arriving at Troy during the Trojan War when the warrior princess' help is required by her old friend Helen.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy_(BBC_radio_drama)" title="Troy (BBC radio drama)">Troy</a></i>, a trilogy of radio plays, starring <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>", first broadcast in 1998.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen of Troy (TV miniseries)">Helen of Troy</a></i> (2003), a <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Rufus_Sewell" title="Rufus Sewell">Rufus Sewell</a> as Agamemnon and <a href="/wiki/Sienna_Guillory" title="Sienna Guillory">Sienna Guillory</a> as Helen.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Phineas_and_Ferb" title="Phineas and Ferb">Phineas and Ferb</a></i> episode "Troy Story" (aired 20 September 2013) involves the boys reenactment of the Trojan War but with a Phineas and Ferb twist.</li> <li><i>The Last Days of Troy</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a two-part 2015 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> adaptation by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Armitage" title="Simon Armitage">Simon Armitage</a> completing <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, originally directed for The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_Manchester" title="Royal Exchange, Manchester">Royal Exchange Theatre</a> by Nick Bagnall and directed for radio by Susan Roberts.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy:_Fall_of_a_City" title="Troy: Fall of a City">Troy: Fall of a City</a></i>, a 2018 miniseries co-produced by <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comics_and_graphic_novels">Comics and graphic novels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Comics and graphic novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Argument" title="The Third Argument">The Third Argument</a></i> (1995), a Serbian graphic novel based on the writings of <a href="/wiki/Milorad_Pavi%C4%87" title="Milorad Pavić">Milorad Pavić</a>, with script by <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Stefanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Stefanović">Zoran Stefanović</a> and art by <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Tuci%C4%87" title="Zoran Tucić">Zoran Tucić</a>, published in USA by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Metal_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy Metal Magazine">Heavy Metal Magazine</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Bronze_(comics)" title="Age of Bronze (comics)">Age of Bronze</a></i> an ongoing series by writer and artist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Shanower" title="Eric Shanower">Eric Shanower</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Image_Comics" title="Image Comics">Image Comics</a>. <ul><li><i>Age of Bronze volume 1: A Thousand Ships</i> (2001), in collecting issues #1–9. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-200-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-200-0">978-1-58240-200-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Age of Bronze volume 2: Sacrifice</i> (2005), collecting issues #10 - 19. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-399-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-399-1">978-1-58240-399-1</a>.</li> <li><i>Age of Bronze volume 3: Betrayal, Part One</i> (2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-755-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58240-755-5">978-1-58240-755-5</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Illustrated" title="Marvel Illustrated">Marvel Illustrated</a></i> <ul><li><i>The Iliad</i> (2008) (Hardcover), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-2383-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-2383-5">978-0-7851-2383-5</a>, collecting issues #1–8, adapted by Roy Thomas and Miguel Angel Sepulveda from the epic poem.</li> <li><i>The Odyssey</i> (2009) (Hardcover), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-1908-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-1908-1">978-0-7851-1908-1</a>, collecting issues #1–8, adapted by Roy Thomas and Greg Tocchini from the epic poem.</li> <li><i>The Trojan War</i> (2009) (Hardcover), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-3862-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7851-3862-4">978-0-7851-3862-4</a>, collecting issues #1–5, adapted by Roy Thomas and Miguel Angel Sepulveda based on Epic Cycle and other ancient sources.</li></ul></li> <li><i>The Trojan War app</i> (2013) (<a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store (iOS)</a> application), published by Kichigai Editions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_games">Video games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates of Troy">Gates of Troy</a></i> a turn based strategy expansion for the game <i><a href="/wiki/Spartan_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartan (game)">Spartan</a></i>, by Matrix Games and Slitherine Soft, released in 2004.</li> <li>The Trojan War appears a scenario in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> campaign for the <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">RTS</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer game">computer game</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_Earth" title="Empire Earth">Empire Earth</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Mythology" title="Age of Mythology">Age of Mythology</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">RTS</a> game by Ensemble Studios and Microsoft released in 2002, in which several missions deal with the capture of Troy.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Warriors:_Legends_of_Troy" title="Warriors: Legends of Troy">Warriors: Legends of Troy</a>" is a hack and slash game developed by a Canadian branch of <a href="/wiki/Tecmo_Koei" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecmo Koei">Tecmo Koei</a>. Released on consoles in 2011, the game is centered around the events of the Trojan War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeus:_Master_of_Olympus" title="Zeus: Master of Olympus">Zeus: Master of Olympus</a></i> features an adventure centered around the events of the Trojan War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Empires_Online" title="Age of Empires Online">Age of Empires Online</a></i>, an MMORTS game published by Microsoft, contains missions relating to the Trojan War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Settlers_IV" title="The Settlers IV">The Settlers IV</a></i>, an RTS game by Blue Byte, features the Trojans as a playable race in its expansion pack.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Total_War_Saga:_Troy" title="Total War Saga: Troy">Total War Saga: Troy</a></i> a 2020 <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy game</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Total_War_(video_game_series)" title="Total War (video game series)">Total War</a> series.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/862.html">Cy Twombly's Iliad - Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/giovanni-domenico-tiepolo-the-building-of-the-trojan-horse">Two Sketches depicting the Trojan Horse – The National Gallery</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagedaily.com/2021/11/rare-mosaic-depicting-homers-iliad-discovered-in-uk/142098">Rare mosaic depicting Homer's Iliad discovered in UK</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/historians-examining-ancient-sarcophagus-find-depictions-of-trojan-war-155113">Historians examining ancient sarcophagus find depictions of Trojan War</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkbUQKyie_w&list=PLH2l6uzC4UEVdmfoR1awrHKEJFIsbcdu6">"In Search of the Trojan War"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/CkbUQKyie_w">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+the+Trojan+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCkbUQKyie_w%26list%3DPLH2l6uzC4UEVdmfoR1awrHKEJFIsbcdu6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04y9rj4">"BBC Radio 4 – Drama, the Last Days of Troy, Episode 2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+%E2%80%93+Drama%2C+the+Last+Days+of+Troy%2C+Episode+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb04y9rj4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/netflix-boards-bbc-drama-troy-night-manager-writer-981895">"Netflix Boards BBC Drama 'Troy' From 'Night Manager' Writer"</a>. Hollywood Reporter. March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Netflix+Boards+BBC+Drama+%27Troy%27+From+%27Night+Manager%27+Writer&rft.pub=Hollywood+Reporter&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fnetflix-boards-bbc-drama-troy-night-manager-writer-981895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrojan+War+in+literature+and+the+arts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Troilus_and_Cressida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Template:Troilus and Cressida"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Template talk:Troilus and Cressida"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Troilus and Cressida"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Troilus_and_Cressida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida#Characters" title="Troilus and Cressida">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deiphobus" title="Deiphobus">Deiphobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandarus" title="Pandarus">Pandarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressida" title="Cressida">Cressida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achaeans_(Homer)" title="Achaeans (Homer)">Greeks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg/100px-A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg/150px-A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg/200px-A_Scene_from_Troilus_and_Cressida_-_Angelica_Kauffmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7032" data-file-height="5598" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida#Sources" title="Troilus and Cressida">Sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Criseyde" title="Troilus and Criseyde">Troilus and Criseyde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troy_Book" title="Troy Book">Troy Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recuyell_of_the_Historyes_of_Troye" title="Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye">Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Face_of_Love_(1954_film)" title="The Face of Love (1954 film)">The Face of Love</a></i> (1954, TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Troilus_and_Cressida" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> (1981, TV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan War in popular culture">Trojan War in popular culture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida_(Dryden_play)" title="Troilus and Cressida (Dryden play)">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> (Dryden play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_and_Patroclus" title="Achilles and Patroclus">Achilles and Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_problem_play" title="Shakespearean problem play">Shakespearean problem play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&oldid=1220157822">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&oldid=1220157822</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_fiction" title="Category:Military fiction">Military fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_the_Trojan_War" title="Category:Cultural depictions of the Trojan War">Cultural depictions of the Trojan War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trojan_War_literature" title="Category:Trojan War literature">Trojan War literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece_in_art_and_culture" title="Category:Ancient Greece in art and culture">Ancient Greece in art and culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2024">Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 April 2024, at 04:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-69xkf","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.396","walltime":"0.522","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2157,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":41975,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1232,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":45189,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 407.234 1 -total"," 28.00% 114.009 1 Template:Trojan_War"," 26.90% 109.541 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 21.47% 87.434 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.49% 79.376 6 Template:ISBN"," 16.60% 67.618 3 Template:Cite_web"," 15.16% 61.750 1 Template:Troilus_and_Cressida"," 14.54% 59.217 1 Template:More_footnotes"," 11.84% 48.229 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.71% 47.673 6 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.231","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4084765,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-85fc59d95f-tl9mb","timestamp":"20241114041603","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Trojan War in literature and the arts","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trojan_War_in_literature_and_the_arts","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7845118","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7845118","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-13T01:55:07Z","dateModified":"2024-04-22T04:15:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/ba\/Akhilleus_Patroklos_Antikensammlung_Berlin_F2278.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>