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href="#Election_spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Election spending </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Reimbursements for political parties and candidates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registered_third_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registered_third_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Registered third parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registered_third_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incumbents_not_running_for_reelection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incumbents_not_running_for_reelection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Incumbents not running for reelection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incumbents_not_running_for_reelection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Timeline </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Endorsements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_slogans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_slogans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Campaign slogans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_slogans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Election campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Liberal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Conservative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Democratic_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Democratic_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 New Democratic Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Democratic_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bloc_Québécois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bloc_Québécois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Bloc Québécois </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bloc_Québécois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Green Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 People's Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-party_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Third-party organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Platforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Misinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaders'_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders'_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Leaders' debates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders'_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Opinion polls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Results_by_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Results by province </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Election aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Recounts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_reform_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_reform_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Electoral reform </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_reform_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Canadian_separatism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Canadian_separatism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Western Canadian separatism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Canadian_separatism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_government_interference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_government_interference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Chinese government interference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_government_interference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deregistered_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deregistered_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Deregistered parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deregistered_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2019 Canadian federal election</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_2019" title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الكندية 2019 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الكندية 2019" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(2019)" title="Федерални избори в Канада (2019) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Федерални избори в Канада (2019)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_federals_del_Canad%C3%A0_de_2019" title="Eleccions federals del Canadà de 2019 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions federals del Canadà de 2019" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadische_Unterhauswahl_2019" title="Kanadische Unterhauswahl 2019 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanadische Unterhauswahl 2019" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_(2019)" title="Καναδικές ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές (2019) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καναδικές ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές (2019)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_federales_de_Canad%C3%A1_de_2019" title="Elecciones federales de Canadá de 2019 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones federales de Canadá de 2019" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="انتخابات فدرال کانادا (۲۰۱۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات فدرال کانادا (۲۰۱۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rales_canadiennes_de_2019" title="Élections fédérales canadiennes de 2019 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections fédérales canadiennes de 2019" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%EB%85%84_%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="2019년 캐나다 연방 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2019년 캐나다 연방 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Canada_del_2019" title="Elezioni federali in Canada del 2019 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni federali in Canada del 2019" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_2019" title="הבחירות הפרלמנטריות בקנדה 2019 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות הפרלמנטריות בקנדה 2019" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E7%B7%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="2019年カナダ総選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2019年カナダ総選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_parlamentarne_w_Kanadzie_w_2019_roku" title="Wybory parlamentarne w Kanadzie w 2019 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory parlamentarne w Kanadzie w 2019 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_federais_no_Canad%C3%A1_em_2019" title="Eleições federais no Canadá em 2019 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleições federais no Canadá em 2019" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5_(2019)" title="Парламентские выборы в Канаде (2019) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентские выборы в Канаде (2019)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="2019 කැනේඩියානු ෆෙඩරල් මැතිවරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="2019 කැනේඩියානු ෆෙඩරල් මැතිවරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2019 Canadian federal election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2019 Canadian federal election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class="">October 21, 2019</td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_members_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="List of House members of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_members_of_the_43rd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="List of House members of the 43rd Parliament of Canada">elected members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />338 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> 170 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">67.0%<a href="#cite_note-turnout-1">[1]</a> (<img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.3<a href="/wiki/Percentage_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage Point">pp</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #EA6D6A"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_(Biarritz)_(48622478973)_(cropped)_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Justin Trudeau in 2019 at the G7 (Biarritz) (48622478973) (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Justin_Trudeau_in_2019_at_the_G7_%28Biarritz%29_%2848622478973%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="457" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #6495ED"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Andrew Scheer portrait style (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Andrew_Scheer_portrait_style_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="703" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #87CEFA"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_(cropped-2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yves-François Blanchet Entrevue no smile 2023 (cropped-2).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png/120px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png/180px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png/240px-Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet_Entrevue_no_smile_2023_%28cropped-2%29.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="825" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">April 14, 2013</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">May 27, 2017</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2019_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election">January 17, 2019</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Qu%27Appelle" title="Regina—Qu'Appelle">Regina—Qu'Appelle</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Beloeil%E2%80%94Chambly" title="Beloeil—Chambly">Beloeil—Chambly</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">184 seats, 39.47% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">99 seats, 31.89% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">10 seats, 4.66% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">177 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">95 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">157 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">121 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">32 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 20 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 26 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6,018,728 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6,239,227 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,387,030 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">33.12% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">34.34% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7.63% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6.40<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2.52<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.03<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fifth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Sixth party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #F4A460"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_(42481105871)_(cropped_v2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jagmeet Singh at the 2nd National Bike Summit - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped v2).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg/120px-Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg/180px-Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg/240px-Jagmeet_Singh_at_the_2nd_National_Bike_Summit_-_Ottawa_-_2018_%2842481105871%29_%28cropped_v2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1176" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #99C955"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_May_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elizabeth May 2017 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Elizabeth_May_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="849" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #6f5d9a"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maxime Bernier in 2017 - cropped.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg/120px-Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg/180px-Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg/240px-Maxime_Bernier_in_2017_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="2188" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">October 1, 2017</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2006_Green_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Green Party of Canada leadership election">August 27, 2006</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada#Formation" title="People's Party of Canada">September 14, 2018</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Burnaby_South" title="Burnaby South">Burnaby South</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Saanich%E2%80%94Gulf_Islands" title="Saanich—Gulf Islands">Saanich—Gulf Islands</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a> (lost re-election) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">44 seats, 19.71% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 seat, 3.45% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">New party </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">39 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">24 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2,903,722 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,189,607 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">294,092 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">15.98% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6.55% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1.62% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.78<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.07<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">New party </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="switcher-container"><div> <a href="/wiki/File:2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg/400px-2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg/600px-2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg/800px-2019_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="706" /></a> 2019 Canadian general election riding results map</div><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/400px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/600px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/800px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></a> Results by province and territory</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;">Prime Minister before election <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;">Prime Minister after election <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2019 Canadian federal election was held on October 21, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> were elected to the <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">43rd Canadian Parliament</a>. In keeping with the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_election_dates_in_Canada#Federal" title="Fixed election dates in Canada">maximum four-year term</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act#Notable_provisions" title="Canada Elections Act">2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Writs_of_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Writs of election">writs of election</a> for the 2019 election were issued by <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a> on September 11, 2019. With 33.12% of the vote for the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>, led by incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, the 2019 election ranked second (with the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal election</a> ranking first) for the lowest vote share for a party that would go on to form a single-party <a href="/wiki/Federal_minority_governments_in_Canada" title="Federal minority governments in Canada">minority government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-np-3">[2]</a> The Liberals lost the popular vote to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> by one per cent,<a href="#cite_note-Zimonjic-2019a-4">[3]</a> marking only the second time in Canadian history that a governing party formed a government while receiving less than 35 per cent of the national popular vote, the first time being the inaugural <a href="/wiki/1867_Canadian_federal_election" title="1867 Canadian federal election">1867 Canadian federal election</a> after <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a>. It was also the first time since <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a> that the party with the most votes overall did not win the most seats. The Conservatives, led by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a>, won 121 seats and remained the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a>, won 32 seats to regain <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> and became the third party for the first time since <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, won 24 seats, its worst result since <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, saw its best election results with three seats and for the first time received over one million votes. The Greens also elected their first MP outside of British Columbia, <a href="/wiki/Jenica_Atwin" title="Jenica Atwin">Jenica Atwin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Fredericton (federal electoral district)">Fredericton</a>, New Brunswick.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonjic-2019a-4">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> won her seat and was the first independent to win a seat in over a decade. In their first election, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party</a> failed to win any seats, as leader <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> lost his own seat in <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a>, a seat he won as a Conservative in the previous four elections before forming his own party following his <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">unsuccessful bid for the Conservative Party's leadership</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a> resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a> became the Official Opposition (with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> announcing his resignation as party leader) and the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> (NDP) became the third party. While members of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Greens</a> were elected to the House, both failed to achieve the required number of MPs—twelve—for official party status. Bloc leader <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> announced his resignation shortly after the election, and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> MNA <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ouelett-5">[4]</a> After losing a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a>, Ouellet announced she would step down as Bloc leader on June 11, 2018,<a href="#cite_note-ouellet_resignation-6">[5]</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> on January 17, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-BlanchetWins-7">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> was rejected as NDP party leader; he gained only 48% of the vote at the NDP's April 2016 <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a>. The party held a <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election</a> on October 1, 2017, electing Ontario MPP and the former Deputy Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> as Mulcair's successor.<a href="#cite_note-2016NDPConvention-CP-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kirkup-9">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parties_and_standings">Parties and standings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parties and standings">edit</a>]</div> The table below lists parties represented in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, and the standings at dissolution. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Name </th> <th rowspan="2">Ideology </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="2">2015 result </th> <th rowspan="2">At dissolution </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes (%) </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EA6D6A;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Liberalism</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">39.47% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">184 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">177 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#6495ED;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Conservatism</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism#Canada" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31.89% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">99 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">95 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6495ED; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F4A460;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Canada" title="Socialism in Canada">Democratic socialism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19.71% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">44 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">39 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F4A460; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#87CEFA;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.66% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">10 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #87CEFA; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#99C955;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a><a href="#cite_note-NantelWrit-11">[b]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3.45% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #99C955; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">2 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #99C955; width: 0.6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#6f5d9a;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">Canadian nationalism</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Conservatism</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #6f1be5; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#EEDDAA;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation#2018" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth</a><a href="#cite_note-ErinWeir-12">[c]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">1 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independents</a><a href="#cite_note-NantelWrit-11">[b]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.28% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">0 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">8 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Vacant seats </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">N/A </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;">5 / 338<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #CCCCCC; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bill_C-44">Bill C-44</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bill C-44">edit</a>]</div> Bill C-44 was passed in 2017 and assigned responsibility to the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Budget_Officer" title="Parliamentary Budget Officer">Parliamentary Budget Office</a> to calculate the cost of party platforms for elections; the review was available in the 2019 election. The Parliamentary Budget Office had a $500,000 budget for costing party platforms for this election, but announced it would only review a party platform at the request of the authoring party. It also conducted confidential assessments of independent and party platform proposals preceding the election campaign. The service was also available to members of parliament representing a party without official party status in the House of Commons, like <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>'s Green Party.<a href="#cite_note-Beeby-14">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_reform">Electoral reform</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electoral reform">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Special_Committee_on_Electoral_Reform" title="Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform">Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform</a></div> In June 2015, Trudeau pledged to reform the electoral system if elected, saying, "We are committed to ensuring that 2015 is the last election held under first-past-the-post."<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> As the Liberals, New Democrats, Bloc Québécois, and Green Party were all in favour of reform, a different voting system could have been in place by the next federal election.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Special_Committee_on_Electoral_Reform" title="Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform">Special Committee on Electoral Reform</a> was formed with representatives from all five parties in the House. The committee's report, Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform, was presented in December 2016 and recommended a <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional electoral system</a> be introduced following a national referendum. The majority of the all-party committee recommended "that the government should, as it develops a new electoral system ... [seek to] minimize the level of distortion between the popular will of the electorate and the resultant seat allocations in Parliament."<a href="#cite_note-ERRErecommend-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> The mandate of the committee was to "identify and conduct a study of viable alternate voting systems" rather than to recommend a specific alternative system.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Democratic_Institutions" title="Minister of Democratic Institutions">Minister of Democratic Institutions</a> <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a> was critical of the committee's recommendation saying "I have to admit I'm a little disappointed, because what we had hoped the committee would provide us with would be a specific alternative system to first past the post." Interim Conservative Leader <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> said Monsef's comments were "a disgrace" and Green Party Leader <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> said "[t]he minister chose to insult the committee and chose to mislead Canadians."<a href="#cite_note-ERRErecommend-18">[15]</a> In February 2017, Trudeau dropped support for electoral reform, issuing a mandate to newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions <a href="/wiki/Karina_Gould" title="Karina Gould">Karina Gould</a>, saying that, "A clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged. ... Changing the electoral system will not be in your mandate."<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> In response to questions from the public in Iqaluit, Trudeau said "It is because I felt it was not in the best interests of our country and of our future," citing concerns that alternative electoral systems would give too much power to "extremist and activist voices" that could create "instability and uncertainty" dividing the country.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment_of_Trudeau's_government">Assessment of Trudeau's government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Assessment of Trudeau's government">edit</a>]</div> In July 2019, an independent academically edited study, Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government: 353 Promises and a Mandate for Change, was published by Les Presses de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a>, finding that Justin Trudeau's government kept 92 per cent of pledges, when complete and partial pledges were added together, while the Harper government kept 85 per cent of complete and partial pledges. When only completed, realized pledges were calculated, Harper's government, in their last year, kept 77 per cent of promises while the Liberal government kept 53.5 per cent. The book notes that Harper's pledges tended towards transactional pledges which target sub-populations while Trudeau's government's promises were transformative—ambitious pledges the Liberals took while they were the third-place party. Trudeau's government, according to the researchers, and the "last Harper government had the highest rates of follow-through on their campaign promises of any Canadian government over the last 35 years."<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_spending">Election spending</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Election spending">edit</a>]</div> According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Carman-2019-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates">Reimbursements for political parties and candidates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reimbursements for political parties and candidates">edit</a>]</div> Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca2-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Registered_third_parties">Registered third parties</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Registered third parties">edit</a>]</div> A person or group must register as a <a href="/wiki/Registered_third_parties_(Canada)" title="Registered third parties (Canada)">third party</a> immediately after incurring expenses totaling $500 or more on regulated activities that take place during the pre-election period or election period. The regulated activities are partisan activities (that promote parties or candidates), election surveys, partisan advertising and election advertising. Furthermore, to be a third party you must be : <ul><li>an individual who is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada</li> <li>a corporation that carries on business in Canada, or</li> <li>a group, as long as a person responsible for the group is a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident or lives in Canada.</li></ul> One cannot spend money or use their resources to influence Canadian elections if they are a foreign third party. There are also strict limits on expenses related to regulated activities, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. Registered third parties are subject to an election advertising expenses limit of $1,023,400 in the pre-election period, of which $10,234 can be spent in a given electoral district and $511,700 during the election period. Of that amount, no more than $4,386 can be spent to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incumbents_not_running_for_reelection">Incumbents not running for reelection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Incumbents not running for reelection">edit</a>]</div> Below are the 44 MPs who chose not to run in the 2019 federal election: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Member of Parliament<a href="#cite_note-32">[a 1]</a> </th> <th>Electoral district </th> <th>Province or territory </th> <th>MP since </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Baylis" title="Frank Baylis">Frank Baylis</a><a href="#cite_note-2_More_Liberal_MPs_Announce_They’re_Not_Running_For_Re-Election-33">[28]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds%E2%80%94Dollard" title="Pierrefonds—Dollard">Pierrefonds—Dollard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Casey" title="Bill Casey">Bill Casey</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland%E2%80%94Colchester" title="Cumberland—Colchester">Cumberland—Colchester</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>2015<a href="#cite_note-35">[a 2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodger_Cuzner" title="Rodger Cuzner">Rodger Cuzner</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton%E2%80%94Canso" title="Cape Breton—Canso">Cape Breton—Canso</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Eyking" title="Mark Eyking">Mark Eyking</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney%E2%80%94Victoria" title="Sydney—Victoria">Sydney—Victoria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colin_Fraser_(Canadian_politician)" title="Colin Fraser (Canadian politician)">Colin Fraser</a><a href="#cite_note-A_Liberal_and_a_Tory_join_swelling_list_of_MPs_sitting_out_next_election-38">[32]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Nova" title="West Nova">West Nova</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Goldsmith-Jones" title="Pamela Goldsmith-Jones">Pam Goldsmith-Jones</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Vancouver%E2%80%94Sunshine_Coast%E2%80%94Sea_to_Sky_Country" title="West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country">West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T._J._Harvey" title="T. J. Harvey">T. J. Harvey</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tobique%E2%80%94Mactaquac" title="Tobique—Mactaquac">Tobique—Mactaquac</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leslie_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Leslie (general)">Andrew Leslie</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Orléans (federal electoral district)">Orléans</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eva_Nassif" title="Eva Nassif">Eva Nassif</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vimy_(electoral_district)" title="Vimy (electoral district)">Vimy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver_(Ontario_politician)" title="John Oliver (Ontario politician)">John Oliver</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakville_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Oakville (federal electoral district)">Oakville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denis_Paradis" title="Denis Paradis">Denis Paradis</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brome%E2%80%94Missisquoi_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brome—Missisquoi (federal electoral district)">Brome—Missisquoi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Peterson_(politician)" title="Kyle Peterson (politician)">Kyle Peterson</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newmarket%E2%80%94Aurora_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Newmarket—Aurora (federal electoral district)">Newmarket—Aurora</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Rusnak" title="Don Rusnak">Don Rusnak</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay%E2%80%94Rainy_River" title="Thunder Bay—Rainy River">Thunder Bay—Rainy River</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geng_Tan" title="Geng Tan">Geng Tan</a><a href="#cite_note-2_More_Liberal_MPs_Announce_They’re_Not_Running_For_Re-Election-33">[28]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Don_Valley_North_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Don Valley North (federal electoral district)">Don Valley North</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borys_Wrzesnewskyj" title="Borys Wrzesnewskyj">Borys Wrzesnewskyj</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Etobicoke_Centre_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Etobicoke Centre (federal electoral district)">Etobicoke Centre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015<a href="#cite_note-48">[a 3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(Saskatchewan_politician)" title="David Anderson (Saskatchewan politician)">David Anderson</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills%E2%80%94Grasslands" title="Cypress Hills—Grasslands">Cypress Hills—Grasslands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Eglinski" title="Jim Eglinski">Jim Eglinski</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_(electoral_district)" title="Yellowhead (electoral district)">Yellowhead</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kellie_Leitch" title="Kellie Leitch">Kellie Leitch</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[44]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simcoe%E2%80%94Grey_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Simcoe—Grey (federal electoral district)">Simcoe—Grey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guy_Lauzon" title="Guy Lauzon">Guy Lauzon</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[45]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stormont%E2%80%94Dundas%E2%80%94South_Glengarry_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry (federal electoral district)">Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Larry_Miller_(Canadian_politician)" title="Larry Miller (Canadian politician)">Larry Miller</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[46]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruce%E2%80%94Grey%E2%80%94Owen_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound">Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[47]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)">Niagara Falls</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alex_Nuttall" title="Alex Nuttall">Alex Nuttall</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrie%E2%80%94Springwater%E2%80%94Oro-Medonte_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte (federal electoral district)">Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bev_Shipley" title="Bev Shipley">Bev Shipley</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[49]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambton%E2%80%94Kent%E2%80%94Middlesex_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Lambton—Kent—Middlesex (federal electoral district)">Lambton—Kent—Middlesex</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sopuck" title="Robert Sopuck">Robert Sopuck</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dauphin%E2%80%94Swan_River%E2%80%94Neepawa" title="Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa">Dauphin—Swan River—Neepawa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sorenson" title="Kevin Sorenson">Kevin Sorenson</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_River%E2%80%94Crowfoot" title="Battle River—Crowfoot">Battle River—Crowfoot</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Tilson" title="David Tilson">David Tilson</a><a href="#cite_note-A_Liberal_and_a_Tory_join_swelling_list_of_MPs_sitting_out_next_election-38">[32]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dufferin%E2%80%94Caledon" title="Dufferin—Caledon">Dufferin—Caledon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dave_Van_Kesteren" title="Dave Van Kesteren">Dave Van Kesteren</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[52]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent%E2%80%94Leamington_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Chatham-Kent—Leamington (federal electoral district)">Chatham-Kent—Leamington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warawa" title="Mark Warawa">Mark Warawa</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[a 4]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Langley%E2%80%94Aldergrove" title="Langley—Aldergrove">Langley—Aldergrove</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marjolaine_Boutin-Sweet" title="Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet">Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[54]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Christopherson" title="David Christopherson">David Christopherson</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[55]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Centre_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Hamilton Centre (federal electoral district)">Hamilton Centre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cullen" title="Nathan Cullen">Nathan Cullen</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skeena%E2%80%94Bulkley_Valley" title="Skeena—Bulkley Valley">Skeena—Bulkley Valley</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fin_Donnelly" title="Fin Donnelly">Fin Donnelly</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[57]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Moody%E2%80%94Coquitlam_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)">Port Moody—Coquitlam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linda_Duncan" title="Linda Duncan">Linda Duncan</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Strathcona (federal electoral district)">Edmonton Strathcona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Laverdi%C3%A8re" title="Hélène Laverdière">Hélène Laverdière</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[59]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irene_Mathyssen" title="Irene Mathyssen">Irene Mathyssen</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[60]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London%E2%80%94Fanshawe_(federal_electoral_district)" title="London—Fanshawe (federal electoral district)">London—Fanshawe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Minh-Thu_Quach" title="Anne Minh-Thu Quach">Anne Minh-Thu Quach</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salaberry%E2%80%94Suro%C3%AEt" title="Salaberry—Suroît">Salaberry—Suroît</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christine_Moore_(politician)" title="Christine Moore (politician)">Christine Moore</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abitibi%E2%80%94T%C3%A9miscamingue_(electoral_district)" title="Abitibi—Témiscamingue (electoral district)">Abitibi—Témiscamingue</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rankin" title="Murray Rankin">Murray Rankin</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[63]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(British_Columbia_federal_electoral_district)" title="Victoria (British Columbia federal electoral district)">Victoria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Saganash" title="Romeo Saganash">Romeo Saganash</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abitibi%E2%80%94Baie-James%E2%80%94Nunavik%E2%80%94Eeyou" title="Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou">Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EEDDAA">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erin_Weir" title="Erin Weir">Erin Weir</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[a 5]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Lewvan" title="Regina—Lewvan">Regina—Lewvan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Celina_Caesar-Chavannes" title="Celina Caesar-Chavannes">Celina Caesar-Chavannes</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lib2019-76">[a 6]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitby_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Whitby (federal electoral district)">Whitby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[a 7]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound%E2%80%94Muskoka_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parry Sound—Muskoka (federal electoral district)">Parry Sound-Muskoka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darshan_Kang" title="Darshan Kang">Darshan Kang</a><a href="#cite_note-Lib2019-76">[a 6]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Skyview" title="Calgary Skyview">Calgary Skyview</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Hunter Tootoo</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lib2019-76">[a 6]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nunavut_(electoral_district)" title="Nunavut (electoral district)">Nunavut</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> affiliation as at dissolution </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> had also served as MP in 1988–1993, 1997–2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> had also served as MP in 2004–2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> announced retirement; died before election </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> elected as NDP </li> <li id="cite_note-Lib2019-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lib2019_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lib2019_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lib2019_76-2">c</a> elected as Liberal </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> elected as Conservative </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd Canadian Parliament</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#f76c6c;">Changes in seats held (2015–2019)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th colspan="4">Before </th> <th colspan="3">Change </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date </th> <th>Member </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Reason </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Member </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medicine_Hat%E2%80%94Cardston%E2%80%94Warner" title="Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner">Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner</a> </td> <td>March 23, 2016<a href="#cite_note-80">[69]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hillyer_(politician)" title="Jim Hillyer (politician)">Jim Hillyer</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Death in office </td> <td>October 24, 2016<a href="#cite_note-81">[70]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glen_Motz" title="Glen Motz">Glen Motz</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nunavut_(electoral_district)" title="Nunavut (electoral district)">Nunavut</a> </td> <td>May 31, 2016<a href="#cite_note-82">[71]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Hunter Tootoo</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus<a href="#cite_note-83">[a 1]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottawa%E2%80%94Vanier_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Ottawa—Vanier (federal electoral district)">Ottawa—Vanier</a> </td> <td>August 16, 2016<a href="#cite_note-84">[72]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauril_B%C3%A9langer" title="Mauril Bélanger">Mauril Bélanger</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Death in office </td> <td>April 3, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Mona Fortier</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Heritage" title="Calgary Heritage">Calgary Heritage</a> </td> <td>August 26, 2016<a href="#cite_note-85">[73]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>April 3, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bob_Benzen" title="Bob Benzen">Bob Benzen</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Calgary Midnapore">Calgary Midnapore</a> </td> <td>September 23, 2016<a href="#cite_note-86">[74]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-87">[a 2]</a> </td> <td>April 3, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kusie" title="Stephanie Kusie">Stephanie Kusie</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Saint-Laurent (federal electoral district)">Saint-Laurent</a> </td> <td>January 31, 2017<a href="#cite_note-88">[75]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-89">[a 3]</a> </td> <td>April 3, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmanuella_Lambropoulos" title="Emmanuella Lambropoulos">Emmanuella Lambropoulos</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Markham%E2%80%94Thornhill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Markham—Thornhill (federal electoral district)">Markham—Thornhill</a> </td> <td>January 31, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">John McCallum</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-90">[a 4]</a> </td> <td>April 3, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Mary Ng</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a> </td> <td>July 4, 2017<a href="#cite_note-91">[76]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>October 23, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dane_Lloyd" title="Dane Lloyd">Dane Lloyd</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Lac-Saint-Jean">Lac-Saint-Jean</a> </td> <td>August 9, 2017<a href="#cite_note-92">[77]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Denis Lebel</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>October 23, 2017<a href="#cite_note-93">[78]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_H%C3%A9bert" title="Richard Hébert">Richard Hébert</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Skyview" title="Calgary Skyview">Calgary Skyview</a> </td> <td>August 31, 2017<a href="#cite_note-KangResign2017-94">[79]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darshan_Kang" title="Darshan Kang">Darshan Kang</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus<a href="#cite_note-95">[a 5]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scarborough%E2%80%94Agincourt_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Scarborough—Agincourt (federal electoral district)">Scarborough—Agincourt</a> </td> <td>September 14, 2017<a href="#cite_note-Chan2017-96">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChanCBC-97">[81]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Chan" title="Arnold Chan">Arnold Chan</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Death in office </td> <td>December 11, 2017<a href="#cite_note-98">[82]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Yip" title="Jean Yip">Jean Yip</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonavista%E2%80%94Burin%E2%80%94Trinity" title="Bonavista—Burin—Trinity">Bonavista—Burin—Trinity</a> </td> <td>September 30, 2017<a href="#cite_note-99">[83]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Judy Foote</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-100">[a 6]</a> </td> <td>December 11, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Churence_Rogers" title="Churence Rogers">Churence Rogers</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Surrey%E2%80%94White_Rock" title="South Surrey—White Rock">South Surrey—White Rock</a> </td> <td>September 30, 2017<a href="#cite_note-101">[84]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Watts" title="Dianne Watts">Dianne Watts</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-102">[a 7]</a> </td> <td>December 11, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Hogg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Hogg">Gordon Hogg</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Battlefords%E2%80%94Lloydminster" title="Battlefords—Lloydminster">Battlefords—Lloydminster</a> </td> <td>October 2, 2017<a href="#cite_note-103">[85]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Gerry Ritz</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>December 11, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Falk" title="Rosemarie Falk">Rosemarie Falk</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicoutimi%E2%80%94Le_Fjord" title="Chicoutimi—Le Fjord">Chicoutimi—Le Fjord</a> </td> <td>December 1, 2017<a href="#cite_note-104">[86]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lemieux" title="Denis Lemieux">Denis Lemieux</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>June 18, 2018<a href="#cite_note-105">[87]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martel" title="Richard Martel">Richard Martel</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Terrebonne_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Terrebonne (federal electoral district)">Terrebonne</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018<a href="#cite_note-7_out_of_10_bloc-106">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ballingall-107">[89]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Boudrias" title="Michel Boudrias">Michel Boudrias</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 6, 2018<a href="#cite_note-Boudrias_Marcil-108">[90]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Nord_(electoral_district)" title="Rivière-du-Nord (electoral district)">Rivière-du-Nord</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mirabel_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Mirabel (federal electoral district)">Mirabel</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Marcil" title="Simon Marcil">Simon Marcil</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 6, 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Repentigny_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Repentigny (federal electoral district)">Repentigny</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Monique_Pauz%C3%A9" title="Monique Pauzé">Monique Pauzé</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9cancour%E2%80%94Nicolet%E2%80%94Saurel" title="Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel">Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Louis Plamondon</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Joliette_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Joliette (federal electoral district)">Joliette</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ste-Marie" title="Gabriel Ste-Marie">Gabriel Ste-Marie</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montcalm_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Montcalm (federal electoral district)">Montcalm</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">February 28, 2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Th%C3%A9riault" title="Luc Thériault">Luc Thériault</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Groupe parl qué</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds%E2%80%94Grenville%E2%80%94Thousand_Islands_and_Rideau_Lakes_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes (federal electoral district)">Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes</a> </td> <td>May 2, 2018<a href="#cite_note-GordBrownCBC-110">[92]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gord_Brown" title="Gord Brown">Gord Brown</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Death in office </td> <td>December 3, 2018<a href="#cite_note-111">[93]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barrett_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Barrett (Canadian politician)">Michael Barrett</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Lewvan" title="Regina—Lewvan">Regina—Lewvan</a> </td> <td>May 3, 2018<a href="#cite_note-112">[94]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erin_Weir" title="Erin Weir">Erin Weir</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Removed from caucus<a href="#cite_note-113">[a 8]</a> </td> <td>May 11, 2018<a href="#cite_note-114">[95]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">CCF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a> </td> <td>August 3, 2018<a href="#cite_note-MulcairRetires-115">[96]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>February 25, 2019<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-116">[97]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bendayan" title="Rachel Bendayan">Rachel Bendayan</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a> </td> <td>August 23, 2018<a href="#cite_note-BernierCBC2018-117">[98]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus </td> <td>September 14, 2018 </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burnaby_South" title="Burnaby South">Burnaby South</a> </td> <td>September 14, 2018<a href="#cite_note-StewartResigns-118">[99]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Stewart_(Canadian_politician)" title="Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician)">Kennedy Stewart</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Resignation<a href="#cite_note-119">[a 9]</a> </td> <td>February 25, 2019<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-116">[97]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aurora%E2%80%94Oak_Ridges%E2%80%94Richmond_Hill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill (federal electoral district)">Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill</a> </td> <td>September 17, 2018<a href="#cite_note-AlleslevCBC-120">[100]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leona_Alleslev" title="Leona Alleslev">Leona Alleslev</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Changed affiliation </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/York%E2%80%94Simcoe_(federal_electoral_district)" title="York—Simcoe (federal electoral district)">York—Simcoe</a> </td> <td>September 30, 2018<a href="#cite_note-Van_Loan-121">[101]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td>February 25, 2019<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-116">[97]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scot_Davidson" title="Scot Davidson">Scot Davidson</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound%E2%80%94Muskoka_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parry Sound—Muskoka (federal electoral district)">Parry Sound-Muskoka</a> </td> <td>November 7, 2018<a href="#cite_note-122">[102]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus<a href="#cite_note-123">[a 10]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brampton_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brampton East (federal electoral district)">Brampton East</a> </td> <td>November 30, 2018<a href="#cite_note-grewal-124">[103]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-GrewalCBC-125">[104]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raj_Grewal" title="Raj Grewal">Raj Grewal</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus<a href="#cite_note-126">[a 11]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a> </td> <td>January 2, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Malcolmson-127">[105]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Malcolmson" title="Sheila Malcolmson">Sheila Malcolmson</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Resigned<a href="#cite_note-128">[a 12]</a> </td> <td>May 6, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Manly-129">[106]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Manly" title="Paul Manly">Paul Manly</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%E2%80%94Saint-Michel" title="Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel">Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel</a> </td> <td>January 29, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Di_Iorio-130">[107]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Di_Iorio" title="Nicola Di Iorio">Nicola Di Iorio</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kings%E2%80%94Hants" title="Kings—Hants">Kings—Hants</a> </td> <td>February 10, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Brison-131">[108]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitby_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Whitby (federal electoral district)">Whitby</a> </td> <td>March 20, 2019<a href="#cite_note-Chavannes-132">[109]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Celina_Caesar-Chavannes" title="Celina Caesar-Chavannes">Celina Caesar-Chavannes</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Resigned from caucus </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Markham%E2%80%94Stouffville_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Markham—Stouffville (federal electoral district)">Markham—Stouffville</a> </td> <td>April 2, 2019<a href="#cite_note-PhilpottJWR-133">[110]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Removed from caucus<a href="#cite_note-auto-134">[a 13]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Granville" title="Vancouver Granville">Vancouver Granville</a> </td> <td>April 2, 2019<a href="#cite_note-PhilpottJWR-133">[110]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Removed from caucus<a href="#cite_note-auto-134">[a 13]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Langley%E2%80%94Aldergrove" title="Langley—Aldergrove">Langley—Aldergrove</a> </td> <td>June 20, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warawa" title="Mark Warawa">Mark Warawa</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Death in office<a href="#cite_note-auto1-135">[a 14]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Forest_Lawn" title="Calgary Forest Lawn">Calgary Forest Lawn</a> </td> <td>August 2, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Obhrai" title="Deepak Obhrai">Deepak Obhrai</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Death in office<a href="#cite_note-auto1-135">[a 14]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Longueuil%E2%80%94Saint-Hubert" title="Longueuil—Saint-Hubert">Longueuil—Saint-Hubert</a> </td> <td>August 16, 2019<a href="#cite_note-136">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Gazette-137">[112]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Removed from caucus<a href="#cite_note-138">[a 15]</a> </td> <td>August 16, 2019<a href="#cite_note-The_Gazette-137">[112]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>█ <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> to seek treatment for addiction </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> in order to <a href="/wiki/2017_Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta_leadership_election" title="2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election">seek the leadership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> becoming <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Canada_to_the_European_Union" title="List of ambassadors of Canada to the European Union">Ambassador to the European Union</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> becoming <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_ambassadors_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian ambassadors to China">Ambassador to China</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> amid allegations of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Minister of Public Services and Procurement</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> following her entrance into the <a href="/wiki/2018_British_Columbia_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election">2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> over harassment allegations </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> to <a href="/wiki/2018_Vancouver_municipal_election" title="2018 Vancouver municipal election">run for Mayor of Vancouver</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">sexting</a> scandal </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> to seek treatment for a gambling addiction </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> to run for the provincial district of <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nanaimo (provincial electoral district)">Nanaimo</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_134-1">b</a> amid the <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">SNC-Lavalin affair</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_135-1">b</a> dies due to <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, while serving as a Conservative MP </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> will run for <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Greens</a> in 2019 Canadian federal election </li> </ol></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2015">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>October 19, 2015: The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> wins a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">42nd Canadian federal election</a>. Outgoing Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> announces his intention to resign as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[113]</a></li> <li>October 22, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> resigns as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> and is replaced on an interim-basis by <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Nord_(electoral_district)" title="Rivière-du-Nord (electoral district)">Rivière-du-Nord</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[114]</a></li> <li>November 4, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> is sworn in as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">23rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[115]</a></li> <li>November 5, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a> MP and former cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> is elected interim <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> leader.<a href="#cite_note-142">[116]</a></li> <li>December 3, 2015: The <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd Parliament</a> is convened.<a href="#cite_note-143">[117]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2016">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>March 23, 2016: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hillyer_(politician)" title="Jim Hillyer (politician)">Jim Hillyer</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Hat%E2%80%94Cardston%E2%80%94Warner" title="Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner">Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner</a> dies of a heart attack.<a href="#cite_note-144">[118]</a></li> <li>April 10, 2016: 52% of delegates at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">NDP</a> convention voted in support of a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a> motion to hold a <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">leadership election</a> within 24 months.<a href="#cite_note-2016NDPConvention-CP-8">[7]</a> Party leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> announces he will stay on as leader until his replacement is chosen.<a href="#cite_note-2016NDPConventionCBC-145">[119]</a></li> <li>August 15, 2016: <a href="/wiki/Mauril_B%C3%A9langer" title="Mauril Bélanger">Mauril Belanger</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Ottawa%E2%80%94Vanier_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Ottawa—Vanier (federal electoral district)">Ottawa—Vanier</a> dies of <a href="/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">ALS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[120]</a></li> <li>August 26, 2016: Former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Heritage" title="Calgary Heritage">Calgary Heritage</a> resigns his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-147">[121]</a></li> <li>September 9, 2016: <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a>, a party which had three incumbent MPs among its 17 candidates in the last election is deregistered by Elections Canada for failure to file papers maintaining its party status.<a href="#cite_note-SiD_deregistration-148">[122]</a></li> <li>September 23, 2016: <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Midnapore" title="Calgary Midnapore">Calgary Midnapore</a> resigns his seat to seek the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Alberta" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta">Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[123]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2017">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>February 1, 2017: <a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">John McCallum</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Markham%E2%80%94Thornhill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Markham—Thornhill (federal electoral district)">Markham—Thornhill</a> resigns his seat to become <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Canada_to_China" title="List of ambassadors of Canada to China">Ambassador to China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[124]</a></li> <li>February 6, 2017: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Saint-Laurent (federal electoral district)">Saint-Laurent</a> resigns his seat to become <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Canada_to_Germany" title="List of ambassadors of Canada to Germany">Ambassador to Germany</a> and Special Envoy of Canada to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-151">[125]</a></li> <li>March 18, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a> <a href="/wiki/2017_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election">is acclaimed</a> as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ouelett-5">[4]</a></li> <li>May 27, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> is <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">elected</a> leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[126]</a></li> <li>July 4, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a> resigns her seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-153">[127]</a></li> <li>August 31, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Skyview" title="Calgary Skyview">Calgary Skyview</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Darshan_Kang" title="Darshan Kang">Darshan Kang</a> resigns from the Liberal caucus amid sexual harassment allegations.<a href="#cite_note-KangResign2017-94">[79]</a></li> <li>September 14, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Chan" title="Arnold Chan">Arnold Chan</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Scarborough%E2%80%94Agincourt_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Scarborough—Agincourt (federal electoral district)">Scarborough—Agincourt</a> dies of cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Chan2017-96">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChanCBC-97">[81]</a></li> <li>October 1, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> is <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">elected</a> leader of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-date-154">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kirkup-9">[8]</a></li> <li>December 1, 2017: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Lemieux" title="Denis Lemieux">Denis Lemieux</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Chicoutimi%E2%80%94Le_Fjord" title="Chicoutimi—Le Fjord">Chicoutimi—Le Fjord</a> resigns his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-155">[129]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>February 28, 2018: Citing conflict with party leader <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a>, seven <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> MPs resign from the party caucus,<a href="#cite_note-7_out_of_10_bloc-106">[88]</a> establishing the <a href="/wiki/Groupe_parlementaire_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe parlementaire québécois">Groupe parlementaire québécois</a> for parliamentary purposes, while remaining independent of any electoral political party.<a href="#cite_note-Ballingall-107">[89]</a> Only <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Barsalou-Duval" title="Xavier Barsalou-Duval">Xavier Barsalou-Duval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pierre-Boucher%E2%80%94Les_Patriotes%E2%80%94Verch%C3%A8res" title="Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères">Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Mario Beaulieu</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_Pointe-de-l%27%C3%8Ele" title="La Pointe-de-l'Île">La Pointe-de-l'Île</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Maril%C3%A8ne_Gill" title="Marilène Gill">Marilène Gill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manicouagan_(electoral_district)" title="Manicouagan (electoral district)">Manicouagan</a>) remain in the Bloc Québécois caucus.</li> <li>May 2, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Gord_Brown" title="Gord Brown">Gord Brown</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Leeds%E2%80%94Grenville%E2%80%94Thousand_Islands_and_Rideau_Lakes_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes (federal electoral district)">Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes</a> dies of a heart attack.<a href="#cite_note-GordBrownCBC-110">[92]</a></li> <li>May 9, 2018: Members of the Groupe parlementaire québécois announce they will be forming a new political party, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[130]</a></li> <li>June 4, 2018: After losing a <a href="/wiki/Leadership_review" title="Leadership review">leadership review</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a> announces she will step down as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> effective June 11, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-ouellet_resignation-6">[5]</a></li> <li>June 6, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Boudrias" title="Michel Boudrias">Michel Boudrias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marcil" title="Simon Marcil">Simon Marcil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a> MPs for <a href="/wiki/Terrebonne_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Terrebonne (federal electoral district)">Terrebonne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirabel_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Mirabel (federal electoral district)">Mirabel</a>, respectively, announce they will return to the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> caucus as a result of <a href="/wiki/Martine_Ouellet" title="Martine Ouellet">Martine Ouellet</a>'s resignation as party leader.<a href="#cite_note-Boudrias_Marcil-108">[90]</a> Citing the Bloc's vote the previous weekend to focus exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Quebec sovereignty</a>, Québec debout spokesman <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a> announces that he and the party's other four MPs will not rejoin the Bloc Québécois.<a href="#cite_note-Boudrias_Marcil-108">[90]</a></li> <li>August 3, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>, NDP MP for <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a> resigns his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-157">[131]</a></li> <li>August 23, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> resigns from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> caucus in disagreement with the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a>. Bernier announces his intention to form a new federal party.<a href="#cite_note-BernierCBC2018-117">[98]</a></li> <li>September 14, 2018: <ul><li>Three weeks after leaving the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> caucus, <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> formally launches the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party of Canada</a>, becoming its first MP.<a href="#cite_note-158">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Stewart_(Canadian_politician)" title="Kennedy Stewart (Canadian politician)">Kennedy Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">NDP</a> MP for <a href="/wiki/Burnaby_South" title="Burnaby South">Burnaby South</a>, resigns to run for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Vancouver" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Vancouver">mayor of Vancouver</a>, triggering a by-election in his riding.<a href="#cite_note-159">[133]</a></li></ul></li> <li>September 17, 2018: <ul><li>All five <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_debout" title="Québec debout">Québec debout</a> MPs – <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Fortin" title="Rhéal Fortin">Rhéal Fortin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Nord_(electoral_district)" title="Rivière-du-Nord (electoral district)">Rivière-du-Nord</a>), <a href="/wiki/Monique_Pauz%C3%A9" title="Monique Pauzé">Monique Pauzé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Repentigny_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Repentigny (federal electoral district)">Repentigny</a>), <a href="/wiki/Louis_Plamondon" title="Louis Plamondon">Louis Plamondon</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9cancour%E2%80%94Nicolet%E2%80%94Saurel" title="Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel">Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ste-Marie" title="Gabriel Ste-Marie">Gabriel Ste-Marie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joliette_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Joliette (federal electoral district)">Joliette</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Luc_Th%C3%A9riault" title="Luc Thériault">Luc Thériault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montcalm_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Montcalm (federal electoral district)">Montcalm</a>) – announce they will rejoin the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>,<a href="#cite_note-deboutBloc-109">[91]</a> officially dissolving Quebec debout.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Alleslev" title="Leona Alleslev">Leona Alleslev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> MP for <a href="/wiki/Aurora%E2%80%94Oak_Ridges%E2%80%94Richmond_Hill_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill (federal electoral district)">Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill</a>, crosses the floor to join the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a>, citing concerns for the Liberal's handling of the economy, foreign and security policies, and international trade.<a href="#cite_note-AlleslevCBC-120">[100]</a></li></ul></li> <li>September 30, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/York%E2%80%94Simcoe_(federal_electoral_district)" title="York—Simcoe (federal electoral district)">York—Simcoe</a> resigns his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-160">[134]</a></li> <li>November 7, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound%E2%80%94Muskoka_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Parry Sound—Muskoka (federal electoral district)">Parry Sound-Muskoka</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a> resigns from the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> caucus, at the request of leader Andrew Scheer, due to a <a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">sexting</a> scandal.<a href="#cite_note-161">[135]</a></li> <li>November 30, 2018: <a href="/wiki/Brampton_East_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brampton East (federal electoral district)">Brampton East</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Raj_Grewal" title="Raj Grewal">Raj Grewal</a> resigns from the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> caucus to enter treatment due to a <a href="/wiki/Gambling_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambling addiction">gambling addiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-grewal-124">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-GrewalCBC-125">[104]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>January 2, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Malcolmson" title="Sheila Malcolmson">Sheila Malcolmson</a>, NDP MP for <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a> resigned her seat to seek election in the British Columbia provincial riding of <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Nanaimo (provincial electoral district)">Nanaimo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malcolmson-127">[105]</a></li> <li>January 17, 2019: As no other candidate had entered the race by the January 15 nomination deadline, <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> was <a href="/wiki/2019_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election">acclaimed leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BlanchetWins-7">[6]</a></li> <li>January 29, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Di_Iorio" title="Nicola Di Iorio">Nicola Di Iorio</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%E2%80%94Saint-Michel" title="Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel">Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel</a> resigned his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-Di_Iorio-130">[107]</a></li> <li>February 10, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a>, Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/Kings%E2%80%94Hants" title="Kings—Hants">Kings—Hants</a> resigned his seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-Brison-131">[108]</a></li> <li>February 25, 2019: By-elections were held in <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/York%E2%80%94Simcoe_(federal_electoral_district)" title="York—Simcoe (federal electoral district)">York—Simcoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burnaby_South" title="Burnaby South">Burnaby South</a>, electing Liberal <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bendayan" title="Rachel Bendayan">Rachel Bendayan</a>, Conservative <a href="/wiki/Scot_Davidson" title="Scot Davidson">Scot Davidson</a>, and New Democrat <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, respectively.</li> <li>March 20, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Whitby_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Whitby (federal electoral district)">Whitby</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Celina_Caesar-Chavannes" title="Celina Caesar-Chavannes">Celina Caesar-Chavannes</a> resigned from the Liberal caucus.<a href="#cite_note-Chavannes-132">[109]</a></li> <li>April 2, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Markham%E2%80%94Stouffville_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Markham—Stouffville (federal electoral district)">Markham—Stouffville</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Granville" title="Vancouver Granville">Vancouver Granville</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> were removed from the Liberal caucus.<a href="#cite_note-PhilpottJWR-133">[110]</a></li> <li>May 6, 2019: A by-election was held in <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a>, electing Green candidate <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manly" title="Paul Manly">Paul Manly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Manly-129">[106]</a></li> <li>June 20, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warawa" title="Mark Warawa">Mark Warawa</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Langley%E2%80%94Aldergrove" title="Langley—Aldergrove">Langley—Aldergrove</a> died of cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Warawa-162">[136]</a></li> <li>August 2, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Deepak_Obhrai" title="Deepak Obhrai">Deepak Obhrai</a>, Conservative MP for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Forest_Lawn" title="Calgary Forest Lawn">Calgary Forest Lawn</a> died from liver cancer.<a href="#cite_note-Obhrai-163">[137]</a></li> <li>August 16, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a> was removed from the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> caucus and de-selected as the NDP candidate for <a href="/wiki/Longueuil%E2%80%94Saint-Hubert" title="Longueuil—Saint-Hubert">Longueuil—Saint-Hubert</a> after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[138]</a> He announces that he is now an independent MP.</li> <li>August 19, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a> repeated that he will remain an independent MP until the end of his term in the current Parliament and announces that he will be a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a> in the election for the next Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-165">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-NantelClarified-13">[10]</a></li> <li>September 10, 2019: The <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros Party</a> nominated a candidate named Maxime Bernier in <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a>, the riding of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[140]</a></li> <li>September 11, 2019: <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">Parliament is dissolved</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dropping_the_writ" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropping the writ">writs of election are dropped</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[141]</a></li> <li>September 13, 2019: Elizabeth May announced that her party will conduct more thorough "re-vetting" of candidates after media reports of some Green candidates have made past statements opposing legal abortion.<a href="#cite_note-green-quebec-168">[142]</a></li> <li>September 15, 2019: Andrew Scheer said he will stand by candidates despite "controversial" comments in the past as long as the candidate apologizes, and takes responsibility for said comments.<a href="#cite_note-169">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[144]</a></li> <li>September 16, 2019: Maxime Bernier was officially invited to the debates organized by the <a href="/wiki/Leaders%27_Debates_Commission" title="Leaders' Debates Commission">Leaders' Debates Commission</a> after Commissioner David Johnston announces the People's Party meets the criteria set for the debates.<a href="#cite_note-MBinvited-171">[145]</a></li> <li>October 11–14, 2019: Advance polls were open, with an estimated record 4.7 million electors casting their ballots, a turnout increase of 29% above the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 general election</a>. It also marked the first time polls have been open for 12 hours each day.<a href="#cite_note-172">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[147]</a></li> <li>October 18, 2019: Elections Canada reports historic turnout among international voters, with 21,842 electors casting their ballots.<a href="#cite_note-174">[148]</a></li> <li>October 21, 2019: Election Day: The Liberal Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, forms a minority government with 157 seats.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Endorsements">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Endorsements received by each party </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th style="background-color:#EA6D6A;">Liberal </th> <th style="background-color:#6495ED;">Conservative </th> <th style="background-color:#F4A460;">NDP </th> <th style="background-color:#87CEFA;">Bloc Québécois </th> <th style="background-color:#99C955;">Green </th> <th style="background-color:#6f5d9a;">PPC </th> <th style="background-color:#DCDCDC;">No endorsement </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Media </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Spectator" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Spectator">Hamilton Spectator</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_(newspaper)" title="The Varsity (newspaper)">The Varsity</a><a href="#cite_note-Varsity-177">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a><a href="#cite_note-Le_Devoir-179">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myles-2019-180">[152]</a> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/PostMedia" class="mw-redirect" title="PostMedia">PostMedia</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[156]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a><a href="#cite_note-Le_Devoir-179">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-Myles-2019-180">[152]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Politicians and public figures </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Masai_Ujiri" title="Masai Ujiri">Masai Ujiri</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_III" title="Martin Luther King III">Martin Luther King III</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[160]</a> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Higgs" title="Blaine Higgs">Blaine Higgs</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Pallister" title="Brian Pallister">Brian Pallister</a><a href="#cite_note-Flanagan-2019-191">[163]</a> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Rupi_Kaur" title="Rupi Kaur">Rupi Kaur</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Notley" title="Rachel Notley">Rachel Notley</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wab_Kinew" title="Wab Kinew">Wab Kinew</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Meili" title="Ryan Meili">Ryan Meili</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-196">[167]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a><a href="#cite_note-Globalnews01-197">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[169]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_King_(politician)" title="Dennis King (politician)">Dennis King</a><a href="#cite_note-Flanagan-2019-191">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazel_McCallion" title="Hazel McCallion">Hazel McCallion</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-196">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top">Unions and business associations </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Federation_of_Labour" title="Ontario Federation of Labour">Ontario Federation of Labour</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[173]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_slogans">Campaign slogans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Campaign slogans">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>English</th> <th>French</th> <th>Translation of French (unofficial) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative Party </td> <td>"It's time for you to get ahead."<a href="#cite_note-203">[174]</a> </td> <td>"Plus. Pour vous. Dès maintenant."<a href="#cite_note-204">[175]</a> </td> <td>"More. For you. Starting now." </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Democratic Party </td> <td>"In it for you."<a href="#cite_note-205">[176]</a> </td> <td>"Les progressistes : c'est nous"<a href="#cite_note-206">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[h]</a> </td> <td>"We are the progressives" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Party </td> <td>"Choose Forward"<a href="#cite_note-208">[178]</a> </td> <td>"Choisir d'avancer"<a href="#cite_note-209">[179]</a> </td> <td>"Choosing to move forward" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bloc Québécois </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">N/A</div> </td> <td>"Le Québec, c'est nous"<a href="#cite_note-210">[180]</a> </td> <td>"Quebec, it's us" or "We are Quebec" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green Party </td> <td>"Not Left. Not Right. Forward Together."<a href="#cite_note-211">[181]</a> </td> <td>"L'urgence d'agir."<a href="#cite_note-212">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[i]</a> </td> <td>"The urgency to act." </td></tr> <tr> <td>People's Party </td> <td>"Strong & Free"<a href="#cite_note-214">[183]</a> </td> <td>"Fort et libre" </td> <td>"Strong and free" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_campaign">Election campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Election campaign">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal">Liberal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Liberal">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ethics_Commissioner_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics Commissioner (Canada)">Ethics Commissioner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Dion" title="Mario Dion">Mario Dion</a>, found that Trudeau improperly influenced then <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_and_Attorney_General_of_Canada" title="Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada">Minister of Justice and Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> to intervene in an ongoing criminal case against Quebec-based construction company <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin" class="mw-redirect" title="SNC-Lavalin">SNC-Lavalin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">Trudeau government</a> has maintained that there was no undue pressure or law broken, that offering SNC-Lavalin a <a href="/wiki/Deferred_prosecution_agreement_(Canada)" title="Deferred prosecution agreement (Canada)">deferred prosecution agreement</a> (DPA) could save jobs, and that the controversy resulted from a misunderstanding and an "erosion of trust". <a href="/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair" title="SNC-Lavalin affair">The affair</a> became public in February 2019, shortly after Wilson-Raybould had been shuffled to another cabinet position. Wilson-Raybould resigned from cabinet later that day. This was followed by the resignation of cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a>, over the government's handling of the affair. In April, Wilson-Raybould and Philpott were expelled by Trudeau from the Liberal caucus; Trudeau cited concerns for division in and subsequent weakening of the Liberal party. On April 2, 2019, Wilson-Raybould, as Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Granville" title="Vancouver Granville">Vancouver Granville</a>, and Philpott, as Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Markham%E2%80%94Stouffville_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Markham—Stouffville (federal electoral district)">Markham—Stouffville</a>, were deselected as candidates.<a href="#cite_note-216">[185]</a> In late August, Party deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a>, Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Wascana" title="Regina—Wascana">Regina—Wascana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">Lawrence MacAulay</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(electoral_district)" title="Cardigan (electoral district)">Cardigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scarpaleggia" title="Francis Scarpaleggia">Francis Scarpaleggia</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Louis_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Saint-Louis (electoral district)">Lac-Saint-Louis</a>, were singled out for their opposition to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>. Pundits argued that Goodale was being hypocritical, due to his role with Scheer and the same-sex marriage incident.<a href="#cite_note-217">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[187]</a> Goodale later stated that he had evolved on the position and wanted answers from Scheer.<a href="#cite_note-219">[188]</a> On August 30, Hassan Guillet, Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard%E2%80%94Saint-Michel" title="Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel">Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel</a>, was dropped as a candidate following allegations of anti-Semitic comments from <a href="/wiki/B%27nai_B%27rith" title="B'nai B'rith">B'nai B'rith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[189]</a> Guillet's nomination previously raised concern that his ethnicity would be out of place in the majority Italian riding.<a href="#cite_note-221">[190]</a> Guillet denied the allegation, alleged that the Liberals were aware of the post, and that they "imposed" his replacement <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Lattanzio" title="Patricia Lattanzio">Patricia Lattanzio</a>, on the riding.<a href="#cite_note-222">[191]</a> On September 20, Guillet announced he would run as an independent.<a href="#cite_note-223">[192]</a> Sameer Zuberi, Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds%E2%80%94Dollard" title="Pierrefonds—Dollard">Pierrefonds—Dollard</a>, was nominated on September 15, despite questioning Osama bin Laden's involvement in 9/11 in a social media post.<a href="#cite_note-224">[193]</a> Zuberi called the accusations false saying it was an attempt by the Conservatives to deflect attention away from their own candidates with extremist or white supremacist leanings.<a href="#cite_note-225">[194]</a> On September 18, L'Express of Drummondville reported that the Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Drummond_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Drummond (federal electoral district)">Drummond</a>, William Morales' nomination victory was attended by two convicted criminals. Morales said that while he maintains contact with Spanish-speaking members from the Drummondville community the two people were not involved in his campaign and he does not have close relations with them.<a href="#cite_note-226">[195]</a> He later told his local newspaper that he interacts with members regardless of their background.<a href="#cite_note-227">[196]</a> On September 18, Trudeau attracted controversy for a photograph published in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine, in which he wore <a href="/wiki/Racial_brownface" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial brownface">brownface</a> makeup to a party at <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Grey_Academy" title="West Point Grey Academy">West Point Grey Academy</a>, where he was a teacher, in 2001. Trudeau called it a mistake and apologized publicly for it.<a href="#cite_note-228">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[198]</a> When apologizing, Trudeau also confessed to having worn similar makeup in high-school.<a href="#cite_note-National_Post-2019-230">[199]</a> Following his apology, an earlier instance from the early 1990s of Trudeau wearing blackface makeup was uncovered.<a href="#cite_note-231">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-National_Post-2019-230">[199]</a> The following day, Trudeau apologized again and said he was "not that person anymore".<a href="#cite_note-232">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wright-2019-233">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[203]</a> He also said that it should not be called "makeup" but blackface.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-2019-233">[202]</a> Some commentators labelled this hypocritical, since the Liberals had exposed the past misdeeds of some Conservative candidates.<a href="#cite_note-235">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[205]</a> Trudeau drew a mixed reaction from the public. Some were upset and contemplated changing their vote,<a href="#cite_note-237">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-2019-238">[207]</a> while others defended him, such as members of minorities, minority community groups, racialized commentators and some of his opponents.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-2019-238">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[212]</a> Later, Trudeau announced that he wanted to apologize personally to Jagmeet Singh, who replied that he would only meet Trudeau for an apology if it was "politics-free" and private.<a href="#cite_note-244">[213]</a> Following the announcement, Singh received a call from Trudeau on September 24, and they talked privately for 15 to 20 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-245">[214]</a> In the days following the scandal, pollsters pointed out that the majority of Canadians either were not bothered by the scandal or had accepted Trudeau's apology.<a href="#cite_note-246">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[216]</a> On September 23, Del Arnold, Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Shepard" title="Calgary Shepard">Calgary Shepard</a>, apologized to Conservative rival <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kmiec" title="Tom Kmiec">Tom Kmiec</a> after spreading misleading information about his place of residence. Arnold has not apologized for a deleted tweet that accused Andrew Scheer of having links to "white supremacy" and the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-248">[217]</a> On September 28, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Sgro" title="Judy Sgro">Judy Sgro</a>, Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Humber_River%E2%80%94Black_Creek_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Humber River—Black Creek (federal electoral district)">Humber River—Black Creek</a>, made remarks during an interview with a radio network called GBKM FM defending Trudeau's wearing of brownface/blackface makeup: "Those in the black community have told me how much more love they have for the prime minister, that he wanted to have a black face. That he took great pride in that, too". She later apologized for her remarks, saying that "the comments I made on GBKM FM were insensitive," and further adding "I should have known better, and I apologize".<a href="#cite_note-249">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[220]</a> On October 13, due to a security threat, Trudeau appeared 90 minutes late to a campaign rally. Trudeau took extraordinary security precautions at the event. He wore a bulletproof vest and was surrounded by heavily armed security personnel. His wife was also supposed to introduce him, but she did not appear on stage. The Liberal Party did not reveal the nature of the threat.<a href="#cite_note-252">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slaughter-2019-253">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[223]</a> Scheer and Singh both showed concern for Trudeau following the threat.<a href="#cite_note-Slaughter-2019-253">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC-2019-255">[224]</a> The following day, the RCMP was still with the Liberal leader.<a href="#cite_note-256">[225]</a> Furthermore, Trudeau explained that he followed advice from the RCMP and that this event will not change the way he campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-2019-255">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[226]</a> On October 14, Trudeau dodged multiple questions about a possible coalition with the NDP in a minority scenario. He responded that he remains focused on winning a majority.<a href="#cite_note-258">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tunney-2019-259">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative">Conservative</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Conservative">edit</a>]</div> About one year after he assumed office, polling showed that Ontario Premier <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ford" title="Doug Ford">Doug Ford</a> of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario was deeply unpopular—in some cases even less popular than previous Ontario Liberal Party Premier <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Wynne" title="Kathleen Wynne">Kathleen Wynne</a> when she lost power,<a href="#cite_note-260">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kapelos-2019-262">[231]</a> which could have deterred voters from voting for Scheer.<a href="#cite_note-263">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[233]</a> This worried CPC insiders and prompted the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a> to call an extended recess of the provincial legislature to reduce negative news coverage, in order to help the federal Tories.<a href="#cite_note-265">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kapelos-2019-262">[231]</a> If the Conservatives lost the election, Scheer pledged to blame it on Ford during his leadership review.<a href="#cite_note-Kapelos-2019-262">[231]</a> Therefore, leading up to the campaign, Andrew Scheer distanced himself from Ford and later campaigned without him.<a href="#cite_note-266">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[236]</a> Meanwhile, the Liberals and Scheer's opponents tried to capitalize on Ford's unpopularity by linking Scheer to the Premier multiple times.<a href="#cite_note-268">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[239]</a> Several CPC candidates were dropped leading to and during the course of the campaign. On April 25, Harzadan Khattra, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Dufferin%E2%80%94Caledon" title="Dufferin—Caledon">Dufferin—Caledon</a>, was disqualified after a fellow contestant sent the party verifiable information about "membership buying, improper voting, and other concerns".<a href="#cite_note-271">[240]</a> On June 28, <a href="/wiki/Salim_Mansur" title="Salim Mansur">Salim Mansur</a>, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/London_North_Centre_(federal_electoral_district)" title="London North Centre (federal electoral district)">London North Centre</a>, was disqualified over alleged fears that the Liberals would characterize Mansur's record as Islamophobic.<a href="#cite_note-272">[241]</a> On July 10, Mark King, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Nipissing%E2%80%94Timiskaming" title="Nipissing—Timiskaming">Nipissing—Timiskaming</a>, was stripped of his nomination for disputed reasons.<a href="#cite_note-273">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[243]</a> On September 12, Cameron Ogilvie, Conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_North" title="Winnipeg North">Winnipeg North</a>, resigned as a candidate after the party became aware of withheld social media post which the Conservative Party described as "discriminatory".<a href="#cite_note-275">[244]</a> On October 4, the party announced that Heather Leung, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Burnaby_North%E2%80%94Seymour" title="Burnaby North—Seymour">Burnaby North—Seymour</a>, was dropped as reports surfaced of her making anti-LGBTQ comments in a video from 2011.<a href="#cite_note-276">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baker-2019-277">[246]</a> Due to the deadline for naming candidates having passed, her name remained on the ballot.<a href="#cite_note-278">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baker-2019-277">[246]</a> If she were to win, she would not sit in the party's caucus.<a href="#cite_note-279">[248]</a> Questions were raised as to why it took the party so long to remove her, since she was "a known commodity" when she was nominated.<a href="#cite_note-280">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-Green-2019-281">[250]</a> She had made anti-LGBTQ and anti-abortion comments in the past and ignored the media for months.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-2019a-282">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-Green-2019-281">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[252]</a> Her riding association had also been criticized for their controversial social media posts.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-2019a-282">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baker-2019-277">[246]</a> On October 10, Leung claimed she was misunderstood and that her comments were lost in translation since English is her third language. However, she did not apologize for her comments.<a href="#cite_note-284">[253]</a> On July 10, Cyma Musarat, Conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/Pickering%E2%80%94Uxbridge" title="Pickering—Uxbridge">Pickering—Uxbridge</a>, faced an allegation from fellow party members that she won her nomination by using improper voting procedures.<a href="#cite_note-285">[254]</a> The Conservative Party faced an accusation that its headquarters had been delaying the nomination contest to find a different candidate.<a href="#cite_note-286">[255]</a> From July 24 to September 15, Ghada Melek attracted attention. This conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/Mississauga%E2%80%94Streetsville_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Mississauga—Streetsville (federal electoral district)">Mississauga—Streetsville</a>, was revealed by former organizers of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Ontario Progressive Conservative Party</a> to have been rejected as a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/Mississauga%E2%80%94Streetsville_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Mississauga—Streetsville (provincial electoral district)">provincial riding</a> over <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> posts about Muslim extremism.<a href="#cite_note-287">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Canadian_Muslims" title="National Council of Canadian Muslims">National Council of Canadian Muslims</a> had issues over Melek's Twitter posts about Islam and LGBT+ community.<a href="#cite_note-288">[257]</a> Scheer accepted an apology she issued for her comments.<a href="#cite_note-289">[258]</a> Later, CTV News obtained her provincial vetting report and her promotion of conspiracy theories was seen as another factor behind her disqualification.<a href="#cite_note-290">[259]</a> When asked about the provincial party red-flagging Melek, Scheer defended her again.<a href="#cite_note-291">[260]</a> On August 22, Scheer faced questions over a 2005 online video in which he spoke against same-sex marriage<a href="#cite_note-292">[261]</a> Scheer himself did not respond until a press conference a week later where he argued that Trudeau was raising a wedge issue;<a href="#cite_note-293">[262]</a> Several pundits had an issue with his response.<a href="#cite_note-294">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[264]</a> Weeks later, Scheer was asked if he needed to apologize for his comments giving the standards he set for his candidates; however he gave no response.<a href="#cite_note-296">[265]</a> After Trudeau's apology regarding blackface, Scheer was asked again if he should apologize for his words; he gave no response.<a href="#cite_note-297">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[267]</a> Scheer once again chose to not answer the question directly on popular Quebec talk show <a href="/wiki/Tout_le_monde_en_parle_(Canadian_talk_show)" title="Tout le monde en parle (Canadian talk show)">Tout le monde en parle</a>. He said that he supports the law and the rights of Canadians, but that he will not walk in Pride parades.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-2019-299">[268]</a> Between August 26 and 30, the Conservatives were questioned on abortion. <a href="/wiki/Alain_Rayes" title="Alain Rayes">Alain Rayes</a>, Scheer's <a href="/wiki/Quebec_lieutenant" title="Quebec lieutenant">Quebec lieutenant</a>, attracted attention after he told a Quebec radio station that he misspoke on the party stance on abortion.<a href="#cite_note-300">[269]</a> A few days later, Scheer held a press conference, where he addressed the issue. However, his answers were seen as confusing in the media, and anti-abortion activists found his answers to be mixed-messaging.<a href="#cite_note-301">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[271]</a> A day later, Scheer said that he and his cabinet would vote against anti-abortion bills if the debate is re-opened.<a href="#cite_note-303">[272]</a> Scheer reiterated this statement on <a href="/wiki/Tout_le_monde_en_parle_(Canadian_talk_show)" title="Tout le monde en parle (Canadian talk show)">Tout le monde en parle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-2019-299">[268]</a> A day after his rivals pushed him to clarify his position during the TVA debate, Scheer mentioned that he was pro-life but reiterated what he said in the past concerning anti-abortion bills.<a href="#cite_note-304">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[274]</a> On September 12, Rachel Wilson, Conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/York_Centre_(federal_electoral_district)" title="York Centre (federal electoral district)">York Centre</a>, attracted attention after a video was posted online that called for pro-life legislation.<a href="#cite_note-306">[275]</a> Wilson did not comment when asked about abortion legislation.<a href="#cite_note-307">[276]</a> On September 13, Arpan Khanna, Conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/Brampton_North_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Brampton North (federal electoral district)">Brampton North</a>, apologized after it was revealed that he offhandedly used the slur "<a href="/wiki/Faggot_(slang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggot (slang)">fag</a>" to tease a friend.<a href="#cite_note-OttCit20190913-308">[277]</a> On September 14, Justina McCaffrey, Conservative candidate for <a href="/wiki/Kanata%E2%80%94Carleton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Kanata—Carleton (federal electoral district)">Kanata—Carleton</a>, attracted attention for making negative remarks in a video about <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> and Francophones, and her relationship with <a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lum-2019-309">[278]</a> She departed a campaign event when confronted by reporters, but later released a statement apologizing for her comments and later stated that her relationship with Goldy ended a longtime ago.<a href="#cite_note-Lum-2019-309">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[279]</a> However, there were pictures of the two together in 2017—one of them featured Goldy doing the "<a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK sign</a>".<a href="#cite_note-311">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[282]</a> Conservative campaign manager Hamish Marshall's past role as a director of <a href="/wiki/The_Rebel_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rebel Media">Rebel Media</a> was also questioned, since Goldy was an on-screen personality before being fired.<a href="#cite_note-314">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[284]</a> On October 7, the Canadian Press discovered that McCaffrey was a member of the controversial religious group <a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a>. The CPC's spokesperson responded by saying that they do not question their candidates about their personal religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-316">[285]</a> On September 28, The Globe and Mail revealed that they found no record of Scheer receiving the licence required by law to work as an insurance agent or broker in Saskatchewan despite him claiming so in the past.<a href="#cite_note-317">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-McGregor-2019-319">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fife" title="Robert Fife">Robert Fife</a>, the Ottawa bureau chief for The Globe and Mail, explained that Scheer was an insurance clerk.<a href="#cite_note-320">[289]</a> Scheer responded by saying that he did receive his accreditation, but that he left the insurance office before the licensing process was finalized.<a href="#cite_note-McGregor-2019-319">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[290]</a> Later, the Insurance Brokers Association of Saskatchewan said that Scheer completed just one of four required courses to become an insurance broker. The IBAS declined to comment further and said that a formal complaint had been launched by Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Marco_Mendicino" title="Marco Mendicino">Marco Mendicino</a> to the General Insurance Council of Saskatchewan.<a href="#cite_note-322">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[292]</a> On October 3, The Globe and Mail revealed that Scheer had <a href="/wiki/Dual_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual citizenship">dual</a> Canadian and American citizenship. The latter was obtained through his American-born father.<a href="#cite_note-Fife-2019-324">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gillies-2019-325">[294]</a> He began the process of <a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">renouncing</a> his US citizenship in August.<a href="#cite_note-Gillies-2019-325">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[295]</a> Scheer confirmed that he has filed US tax returns. A party spokesperson added that he let his US passport lapse and that he has not voted in any U.S. election.<a href="#cite_note-Cousins-2019-327">[296]</a> The party verified that he is registered for <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">the draft</a> under the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Selective Service System</a>, which is a list of individuals who can be conscripted into the armed forces in the event of a national emergency.<a href="#cite_note-328">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[298]</a> When asked why he had not previously disclosed his dual citizenship, Scheer stated that he had never been asked about it.<a href="#cite_note-330">[299]</a> It was seen as hypocritical since Scheer had attacked former Governor General <a href="/wiki/Micha%C3%ABlle_Jean" title="Michaëlle Jean">Michaëlle Jean</a> on this same issue and because the Conservatives had attacked <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Thomas Mulcair</a> and <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a> on this issue.<a href="#cite_note-Fife-2019-324">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gillies-2019-325">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[300]</a> Scheer defended the former by stating that he was asking a question to his constituents and said that he was not leading the party at the time when it came to the latter situation.<a href="#cite_note-Cousins-2019-327">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[301]</a> Over the next days, he refused to explain how he traveled to the United States without a valid U.S. passport. It is against the law for U.S. citizens to do so without a valid U.S. passport.<a href="#cite_note-333">[302]</a> On October 11, the CBC filed an application in the Federal Court of Canada against the Conservative party over the use of television excerpts in partisan advertising. They claimed the party's use of excerpts violated the "moral rights" of news anchor Rosemary Barton and reporter John Paul Tasker. The action was brought despite the material having been taken down from websites and deleted from Twitter. The CBC said that it was given no reassurance that such use would not be repeated. The lawsuit says that the use of the material in a partisan way "diminishes the reputation" of the CBC and leaves it open to allegations that it is biased.<a href="#cite_note-334">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[306]</a> On October 14, Scheer ruled out any coalition or negotiations with the Bloc Québécois. He said that he "does not need to work with the Bloc Québécois to deliver results for Quebec" and that he can work with Quebec Premier François Legault to deliver them.<a href="#cite_note-338">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tunney-2019-259">[228]</a> On October 16, Scheer said that the party with most seats should have the right to form government.<a href="#cite_note-339">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[309]</a> A day later, he stood by his claim and added that is what has happened in modern history.<a href="#cite_note-341">[310]</a> Journalists pointed out that it was not the case and gave examples such as the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="2018 New Brunswick general election">2018 New Brunswick general election</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2017_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2017 British Columbia general election">2017 British Columbia general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[314]</a> On October 18 and 19, The Globe and Mail and CBC News revealed that the Conservative Party hired <a href="/wiki/Warren_Kinsella" title="Warren Kinsella">Warren Kinsella</a> to "seek and destroy" the People's Party.<a href="#cite_note-346">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[316]</a> Bernier filed a complaint to Elections Canada over what he called "a secret campaign to smear his party".<a href="#cite_note-348">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[318]</a> Scheer did not say or deny that the Conservatives hired a consultant to destroy the PPC.<a href="#cite_note-350">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Democratic_Party">New Democratic Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: New Democratic Party">edit</a>]</div> NDP candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On June 20, Rana Zaman, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth%E2%80%94Cole_Harbour" title="Dartmouth—Cole Harbour">Dartmouth—Cole Harbour</a>, was dropped over comments about the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> that the party deemed "unacceptable".<a href="#cite_note-352">[321]</a> On August 16, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a>, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Longueuil%E2%80%94Saint-Hubert" title="Longueuil—Saint-Hubert">Longueuil—Saint-Hubert</a>, was de-selected after reports surfaced of ongoing discussions regarding Nantel joining the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[322]</a> On September 11, Dock Currie, candidate for <a href="/wiki/Kamloops%E2%80%94Thompson%E2%80%94Cariboo" title="Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo">Kamloops-Thompson-Cariboo</a>, was forced to resign over "flippant and aggressive" comments he made toward pro-pipeline activists.<a href="#cite_note-354">[323]</a> The next day, Olivier Mathieu, candidate for <a href="/wiki/LaSalle%E2%80%94%C3%89mard%E2%80%94Verdun" title="LaSalle—Émard—Verdun">Lasalle-Emard-Verdun</a>, stepped down following allegations of physical abuse against his ex-spouse.<a href="#cite_note-355">[324]</a> During the election, Jagmeet Singh has faced questions about wearing of a turban and whether that would reduce the number of people who would vote for him. Jonathan Richardson, the former federal NDP's executive member for Atlantic Canada, who defected to the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a>, stated in an interview with <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a>, that some potential NDP candidates were hesitant to run in New Brunswick, due to Singh's turban.<a href="#cite_note-356">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a> covered a Singh event in <a href="/wiki/Verner,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner, Ontario">Verner, Ontario</a> and spoke to a number of voters there, including NDP supporters, who said that they would not vote for a leader wearing a turban.<a href="#cite_note-357">[326]</a> <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a> found a similar reaction in <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ellen_Brosseau" title="Ruth Ellen Brosseau">Ruth Ellen Brosseau</a>'s riding.<a href="#cite_note-358">[327]</a> Singh responded to these concerns. He explained some things about his turban and recorded a French ad without it to alleviate people's worries.<a href="#cite_note-359">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[329]</a> Furthermore, according to <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Alexandre Boulerice</a>, the party's Deputy Leader and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_lieutenant" title="Quebec lieutenant">Quebec lieutenant</a>, the NDP is targeting young voters and they do not care about the turban.<a href="#cite_note-361">[330]</a> On October 2, a man told Singh to cut off his turban to look more Canadian during a campaign stop. Singh replied that Canadians "look like all sorts of people" before walking off.<a href="#cite_note-362">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[332]</a> During the campaign, Singh talked about what he would do in a minority. On August 22, due to the controversy over Scheer's previous comments about same-sex marriage, he announced that the NDP would not support a Conservative minority government under any circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-364">[333]</a> On September 22, Singh announced that despite Trudeau's past brownface and blackface incidents, he would not rule out working with the Liberals in a minority scenario.<a href="#cite_note-365">[334]</a> On October 10, he laid out the conditions for NDP support in a minority Parliament: a national single-payer universal pharmacare plan, a national dental care plan, investments in housing, a plan to waive interest on student loans, a commitment to reduce emissions, to end subsidies for oil companies and to deliver aid to oilpatch workers to transition them out of fossil fuel industries, the introduction of a "super wealth" tax, a commitment to closing tax loopholes and reducing cellphone bills. He later added that changing the way the country votes is also a condition (Singh's NDP backs a system of <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional representation</a>).<a href="#cite_note-366">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[336]</a> He added that he does not rule out supporting a pipeline-owning Liberal minority government.<a href="#cite_note-368">[337]</a> On October 13, Singh said he would "do whatever it takes" to keep the Tories from power, including forming a coalition government with the Liberals. He added that he is "ready to work with anyone", when he was asked about the Bloc.<a href="#cite_note-369">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[339]</a> The following day, Singh backed off those comments and urged Canadians to vote NDP in order to receive services like universal pharmacare and dental care.<a href="#cite_note-Tunney-2019-259">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[341]</a> Later, Singh said that coalition is not a dirty word and doubled down on his view that under no circumstance would his party support the Conservatives in a minority.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-373">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bloc_Québécois">Bloc Québécois</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bloc Québécois">edit</a>]</div> On August 9, André Parizeau, Bloc candidate for <a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville_(electoral_district)" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville (electoral district)">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a>, created attention over his past communist affiliations as Leader of the Parti communiste du Québec (PCQ).<a href="#cite_note-374">[343]</a> Parizeau disavowed the PCQ in order to be accepted as candidate.<a href="#cite_note-375">[344]</a> In October, the Bloc Québécois called on Quebeckers to vote for candidates "who resemble you" (" des gens qui nous ressemblent ") in the election, prompting NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh to denounce the message as unacceptable and divisive. In his closing statement during Wednesday's French-language debate, Bloc Leader Yves-François Blanchet called on voters to "opt for men and women who resemble you, who share your values, who share your concerns and who work for your interests, and only for the interests of Quebeckers." The Bloc has said the comment has nothing to do with someone's background or religion but with Québécois values.<a href="#cite_note-376">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[348]</a> During the English debate, Blanchet called the translation of his words dishonest and mentioned that the same words were used by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Igniatieff</a> in 2011 and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Mulcair</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-380">[349]</a> On October 10, Le Journal de Montréal discovered that four BQ candidates had made anti-Islam and racist social media posts.<a href="#cite_note-381">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leblanc-2019-382">[351]</a> A Bloc spokeswoman said it was up to Quebeckers to judge its candidates' social-media posts.<a href="#cite_note-Leblanc-2019-382">[351]</a> The comments were condemned by Elizabeth May, Jagmeet Singh, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_David" title="Françoise David">Françoise David</a>.<a href="#cite_note-383">[352]</a> Later, the candidates all posted the same apology on their respective social media accounts and Yves-François Blanchet apologized for his candidates' Islamophobic and racist social media posts.<a href="#cite_note-384">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[354]</a> On October 13, Blanchet announced that they will not support a coalition or a party in a minority scenario. The Bloc will go issue by issue and support what is best for Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-386">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Party">Green Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Green Party">edit</a>]</div> Several GPC candidates were dropped or stepped down during the course of the campaign. On July 23, Brock Grills, Green candidate for <a href="/wiki/Peterborough%E2%80%94Kawartha" title="Peterborough—Kawartha">Peterborough—Kawartha</a>, stepped down for "personal reasons". Grills was accused of fraud by a former employer but he and the EDA president stated that accusation was not the reason behind his stepping down. Grills, who repeated his reasoning, also mentioned the Green Party central office "pushed" for his resignation because he was reaching out to other parties to ask them to adopt policies to curb climate change.<a href="#cite_note-388">[357]</a> On August 16, Luc Saint-Hilaire, Green candidate for <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis%E2%80%94Lotbini%C3%A8re" title="Lévis—Lotbinière">Lévis—Lotbinière</a>, was forced to resign because of a Facebook post demanding Boufeldja Benabdallah, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Culturel_Islamique_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec">Centre Culturel Islamique de Québec</a>, to denounce a man who allegedly lit his ex-wife on fire.<a href="#cite_note-389">[358]</a> On September 12, Erik Schomann, Green candidate for <a href="/wiki/Simcoe_North_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Simcoe North (federal electoral district)">Simcoe North</a>, resigned over a 2007 Facebook post which appeared to suggest he wanted to mail pieces of a pig carcass to Muslims in support of the protesters during the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Muhammed comic controversy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[359]</a> On October 7, Marthe Lépine, candidate in <a href="/wiki/Glengarry%E2%80%94Prescott%E2%80%94Russell_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Glengarry—Prescott—Russell (federal electoral district)">Glengarry—Prescott—Russell</a>, was dropped over anti-abortion comments; however, as the party missed the deadline to remove her from the ballot, she remained despite being disavowed.<a href="#cite_note-391">[360]</a> On September 9, the Green Party issued a statement insisting that there is "zero chance" of reopening the abortion debate; few hours after May stated the Green Party will not ban members from trying to reopen abortion debate in an interview.<a href="#cite_note-392">[361]</a> May later added that MPs risk being ousted if they move to reopen the debate.<a href="#cite_note-393">[362]</a> From September 10 to 16, attention was focused on <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a>, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Longueuil%E2%80%94Saint-Hubert" title="Longueuil—Saint-Hubert">Longueuil—Saint-Hubert</a>. He created this attention over his comments about <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty_movement" title="Quebec sovereignty movement">Québec separatism</a> on a Quebec radio station. May disputed that Nantel was a <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereigntist" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec sovereigntist">Quebec sovereigntist</a>, but Nantel contradicted her afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-394">[363]</a> However, May stated he could be still be a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-green-quebec-168">[142]</a> Some journalists and columnists were confused by her reasoning for keeping him as a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-395">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[365]</a> Furthermore, May was asked by the son of the late <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a> to not use the latter for political points when defending Nantel.<a href="#cite_note-397">[366]</a> On September 10, Mark Vercouteren, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent%E2%80%94Leamington_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Chatham-Kent—Leamington (federal electoral district)">Chatham-Kent-Leamington</a>, and Macarena Diab, the candidate for <a href="/wiki/Louis-H%C3%A9bert_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Louis-Hébert (federal electoral district)">Louis-Hébert</a> were revealed to have made "anti-abortion statements".<a href="#cite_note-398">[367]</a> A spokesperson defended both of them but a few days later, it was revealed by May that Vercoutern was being "re-vetted" over the party not noticing Vercouteren's questionnaires.<a href="#cite_note-green-quebec-168">[142]</a> A week after the original comments were revealed, Vercouteren stated his view aligned with the party.<a href="#cite_note-399">[368]</a> On September 12, Dale Dewar, Green candidate for <a href="/wiki/Regina%E2%80%94Qu%27Appelle" title="Regina—Qu'Appelle">Regina—Qu'Appelle</a>, apologized for making past negative comments on social media about Israel, <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[369]</a> On October 15, the Green Party found anti-Islam social-media posts by four of its Quebec candidates.<a href="#cite_note-401">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[371]</a> Starting on September 23, the GPC drew scrutiny around the world for manipulating a picture of Elizabeth May to make it seem as if she was using a reusable cup and metal straw instead of a disposable cup.<a href="#cite_note-403">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[374]</a> When she was on <a href="/wiki/Tout_le_monde_en_parle_(Canadian_talk_show)" title="Tout le monde en parle (Canadian talk show)">Tout le monde en parle</a>, May clarified that the original photo featured a compostable cup; the picture was modified to add the GPC's logo. She did admit that it was ridiculous that a staffer modified the picture.<a href="#cite_note-406">[375]</a> Leading up to and during the campaign, May talked about what she would do in a minority. On September 3, she announced that she would not be prepared to prop up any minority government of the major parties given current climate plans.<a href="#cite_note-407">[376]</a> Later, on September 26, May announced that the GPC would not prop up a minority government that moves forward with the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.<a href="#cite_note-408">[377]</a> In the final week of the campaign, the idea of a coalition took hold. May said that in countries with <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, parties can plan to govern together before the election, but that in Canada such talk is "meaningless" due to the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-409">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Party">People's Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: People's Party">edit</a>]</div> In February 2019, LaPresse discovered that Martin Masse, the PPC's spokesperson, had written controversial blog posts in the past.<a href="#cite_note-411">[380]</a> The Star discovered that four members of the PPC had used racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric. They were removed from the party as a result.<a href="#cite_note-412">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamel-2019-413">[382]</a> Bernier himself has been accused multiple times of using <a href="/wiki/Dog-whistle_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog-whistle politics">dog-whistle politics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-414">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamel-2019-413">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[384]</a> Bernier responded to this by saying racists are not welcome in his party and acknowledging that Canada is a diverse country.<a href="#cite_note-416">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamel-2019-413">[382]</a> Later, Maxime Bernier generated a reaction after a photograph of him with members of an anti-immigration group surfaced online.<a href="#cite_note-417">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rieger-2019-418">[387]</a> Bernier told the media that everyone is welcome at his events, that he is unaware of their views, that he would condemn them if the media could show that they were racists and that racists were not welcome in his party, but experts were skeptical of Bernier and thought that he was well aware of who was attending.<a href="#cite_note-Rieger-2019-418">[387]</a> A few weeks later, he was also reprimanded for being photographed with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fromm_(white_supremacist)" title="Paul Fromm (white supremacist)">Paul Fromm</a>. A spokesperson stated that Bernier had no idea who Fromm was, but once again experts were skeptical of the explanation.<a href="#cite_note-419">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[390]</a> On September 23, news sites revealed that one of the PPC's founding members was a <a href="/wiki/White_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="White nationalist">White nationalist</a> and two others had ties to <a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a> groups.<a href="#cite_note-Russell-2019a-422">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[392]</a> One of those founding members—a former American neo-Nazi leader—was volunteering for the party. He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Ontario Progressive Conservative Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-424">[393]</a> He was removed from the party on August 29, after his past came to light.<a href="#cite_note-425">[394]</a> The PPC's spokesperson said that it did not come up during the vetting process since he came from the US. They later cited to <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a> that his removal was an example of the Party taking a stand against racism.<a href="#cite_note-Russell-2019a-422">[391]</a> The party told <a href="/wiki/Le_Devoir" title="Le Devoir">Le Devoir</a> that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC 's formation and the two other members denied having racist views.<a href="#cite_note-426">[395]</a> On July 30, Cody Payant, People's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Trail%E2%80%94Eagle_Creek" title="Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek">Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek</a>, attracted attention for a social media post defending <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Shepherd" title="Lindsay Shepherd">Lindsay Shepherd</a>. Payant argue that it was taken out of context. Bernier defended Payant after he spoke to Payant and was satisfied with his explanation.<a href="#cite_note-427">[396]</a> On September 2, Maxime Bernier called <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> "mentally unstable" on Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-428">[397]</a> A few days later, he backtracked his comments stating his intention was to criticize her role as "a spokesperson for <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of global warming">climate alarmism</a>" and did not mean to denigrate her.<a href="#cite_note-429">[398]</a> After the campaign, Bernier classified these comments as his only election regret and as a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-430">[399]</a> On September 18, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)" title="Steven Fletcher (politician)">Steven Fletcher</a>, People's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Charleswood%E2%80%94St._James%E2%80%94Assiniboia%E2%80%94Headingley" title="Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley">Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley</a>, denied allegations for illegally using campaign signs and voter data from the Conservative Party. Fletcher also suggested that the move was political motivated from the Conservative and took issues to the fact that the letter was leaked online.<a href="#cite_note-431">[400]</a> On September 19, 2019, Nancy Mercier, People's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Beaus%C3%A9jour_(electoral_district)" title="Beauséjour (electoral district)">Beauséjour</a>, raised concern from local organizations over comments about <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> Mercier indicated her concerns are with Islamic terrorism and not members of any race.<a href="#cite_note-432">[401]</a> On October 10, Sybil Hogg, the candidate for Sackville-Preston-Chezzetcook, came under fire for a series of <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">anti-Islam</a> tweets calling Islam "pure evil" and for the religion to be banned in Canada. The PPC's executive director reached out to her to understand the context and Hogg explained that she failed to draw the distinction between "Islam" and "Islamism" or "radical Islam". She added that her concern was radical Islam and not Islam. Due to the response, the PPC said they would not take action against her. Later, Bernier called the tweets "absolutely racist and Islamophobic" and confirmed that she will not face consequences.<a href="#cite_note-433">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-435">[404]</a> Several candidates were dropped or stepped down before the election. On September 6, Ken Pereira, People's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Portneuf%E2%80%94Jacques-Cartier" title="Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier">Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier</a>, stepped down because of a "terrible family tragedy". When announced as the candidate, Pereira had attracted attention for his online "anti-vaccine" and "pro-conspiracy theory" posts and was defended by the party.<a href="#cite_note-436">[405]</a> On September 12, Brian Misera, People's candidate for <a href="/wiki/Coquitlam%E2%80%94Port_Coquitlam" title="Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam">Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam</a>, claimed that he was removed for asking Bernier to denounce racism more clearly in an online video posted on Misera's Twitter account. However, the PPC stated that Misera was removed after he allegedly admitted to the party that he was his own financial agent, a violation of <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> rules.<a href="#cite_note-OttCit20190913-308">[277]</a> Yet a statement of Misera's disqualification obtained by City News made no reference to the PPC's claim or Misera's claim.<a href="#cite_note-437">[406]</a> On September 30, Chad Hudson, People's Party candidate for the Nova Scotia riding of West Nova, tweeted that he would no longer be running for the party, less than two hours before Elections Canada's deadline for candidates to officially register to be on the ballot. He criticized the party and its leadership for being "divisive", as well as "bad for democracy" and contributors to the "toxic state of politics". Hudson, later admitted that he did not notify the party of his decision.<a href="#cite_note-438">[407]</a> On October 8, Victor Ong the People's Party of Canada candidate in Winnipeg North resigned after deciding the party is "racist and intolerant".<a href="#cite_note-439">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[409]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-party_organizations">Third-party organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Third-party organizations">edit</a>]</div> On August 19, environmental groups were warned by <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> that any third party that promotes information about climate change during the election period with paid advertising could be engaging in partisan activity.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-441">[410]</a> Registered charities with a charitable tax status would be required to register as a third party for the election if they engaged in any partisan activity incurring $500, which would include advertising and surveys, or risk their charitable tax status.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_20190819-442">[411]</a> These regulations were a result of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party of Canada</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> expressing doubts about the legitimacy of climate change, because a third party that advertises the dangers of climate change during the election period may be considered to be indirectly advocating against the People's Party.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_20190819-442">[411]</a> After confusion about the warning, Elections Canada released a public statement to clarify that the prohibition applied only to advertising, not speech in general the following day.<a href="#cite_note-443">[412]</a> On August 25, billboards purchased by a True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp., a third party promoting the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party of Canada</a>'s immigration policy, with the text "Say NO to Mass Immigration" appeared in Vancouver, Calgary, Regina, and Halifax. True North Strong & Free Advertising Corp is run by Frank Smeenk, the chief executive of a Toronto-based mining exploration company. The Peoples Party of Canada told the media that it had no contact with the group.<a href="#cite_note-444">[413]</a> Initially, <a href="/wiki/Pattison_Outdoor_Advertising" title="Pattison Outdoor Advertising">Pattison Outdoor Advertising</a> defended the billboards, arguing that they complied with the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Canada" title="Advertising Standards Canada">Advertising Standards Canada</a> Code<a href="#cite_note-445">[414]</a> but later decided to pull them and said that they would review their protocols on advocacy advertising.<a href="#cite_note-446">[415]</a> The Pattison president later revealed that the billboards would have stayed up had True North Strong & Free identified themselves on the billboards and how the public could get in touch with them.<a href="#cite_note-447">[416]</a> On October 3, the CBC revealed that the <a href="/wiki/Manning_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Manning Centre">Manning Centre</a> is a driving financial force behind a network of anti-Liberal Facebook pages pumping out political messaging and memes during the federal election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-448">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[418]</a> Facebook pulled one of their ads due to the excess violence.<a href="#cite_note-450">[419]</a> The Manning Centre's donations to those groups, worth more than $300,000, are hidden, since the think tank, which did not register as a third party, does not intend to disclose them. Elections Canada says there is nothing in the law to prevent outside groups from raising money and then passing those donations along to third-party advertisers.<a href="#cite_note-451">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[421]</a> As a result of this lack of disclosure, <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Watch_(Canada)" title="Democracy Watch (Canada)">Democracy Watch</a> filed a complaint to Canada's <a href="/wiki/Chief_Electoral_Officer_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Electoral Officer (Canada)">Chief Electoral Officer</a>. It argued that the Manning Centre should have registered as a third party.<a href="#cite_note-Carman-2019-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[422]</a> Furthermore, due to this controversy, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Kingsley" title="Jean-Pierre Kingsley">Jean-Pierre Kingsley</a>, the former chief electoral officer, said that the next federal government must close the gap in the law that allowed the Manning Centre to raise money and then pass it along to third-party groups without disclosing the source of those donations.<a href="#cite_note-454">[423]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Third-party spending (from June 30, 2019, until October 1, 2019)<a href="#cite_note-Carman-2019-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Third_party_spending-455">[j]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Third party<a href="#cite_note-456">[k]</a> </th> <th>Money spent during the pre-election period </th> <th>Money spent during the election campaign </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unifor </td> <td>$923,417 </td> <td>$365,963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Steelworkers </td> <td>$739,548 </td> <td>$142,419 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fairness Works </td> <td>$551,987 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Friends of Canadian Broadcasting </td> <td>$211,615 </td> <td>$329,372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions </td> <td>$8,475 </td> <td>$412,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadians United for Change </td> <td>$51,557 </td> <td>$292,464 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadian Medical Association </td> <td>$221,709 </td> <td>$86,971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grain Farmers of Ontario </td> <td>$167,800 </td> <td>$71,250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadian Union of Postal Workers </td> <td>$151,196 </td> <td>$42,225 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada Proud </td> <td>$96,677 </td> <td>$95,438 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platforms">Platforms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Platforms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <caption>2019 Canada election – issues and respective party platforms </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Issue </th> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA" align="center" width="16%">BQ </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED" align="center" width="16%">Conservative </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955" align="center" width="16%">Green </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A" align="center" width="16%">Liberal </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460" align="center" width="16%">NDP </td> <td bgcolor="#6f5d9a" align="center" width="16%">PPC </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Business </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Eliminate subsidies for private media companies.<a href="#cite_note-CDN_Vote_Quiz-458">[425]</a></li> <li>For every new regulation imposed, eliminate two existing regulations.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate all subsidies for businesses.<a href="#cite_note-459">[426]</a></li> <li>Eliminate funding for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (CBC).<a href="#cite_note-peoplespartyofcanada.ca-460">[427]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Crown corporations </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Privatize the Trans Mountain pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-461">[428]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase funding for the CBC.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase funding for the CBC.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Privatize the Trans Mountain pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-Pipelines:_Allowing_our_Oil_and_Gas-463">[430]</a></li> <li>Privatize <a href="/wiki/Canada_Post" title="Canada Post">Canada Post</a>.<a href="#cite_note-464">[431]</a></li> <li>Privatize the CBC.<a href="#cite_note-peoplespartyofcanada.ca-460">[427]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Deficit </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Balance the budget in five years.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Balance the budget in five years.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Balance the budget in twenty-one years.<a href="#cite_note-465">[432]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Oppose the use of any <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures in pursuit of a balanced budget.<a href="#cite_note-466">[433]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Balance the budget in two years.<a href="#cite_note-467">[434]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Education </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase federal RESP contributions from 20% to 30%.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Fully fund the cost of university tuition.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Forgive federal student debts.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Remove interest from federal student loans.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Elections </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Replace Canada's electoral system with <a href="/wiki/Proportional_Representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Proportional Representation">Proportional Representation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-469">[436]</a></li> <li>Lower the voting age from 18 to 16.<a href="#cite_note-470">[437]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Replace Canada's electoral system with <a href="/wiki/Proportional_Representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Proportional Representation">Proportional Representation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-471">[438]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Energy </td> <td> <ul><li>Oppose all pipeline construction.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Support the construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion<a href="#cite_note-472">[439]</a></li> <li>Support the construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-473">[440]</a></li> <li>Repeal <a href="/wiki/Impact_Assessment_Act_and_Canadian_Energy_Regulator_Act" title="Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act">Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-474">[441]</a></li> <li>Repeal <a href="/wiki/Oil_Tanker_Moratorium_Act" title="Oil Tanker Moratorium Act">Oil Tanker Moratorium Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Oppose all pipeline construction.<a href="#cite_note-475">[442]</a></li> <li>Ban <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Stop all new fossil fuel projects.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Support the construction of the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.<a href="#cite_note-476">[443]</a></li> <li>Oppose the construction of the Northern Gateway pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-477">[444]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Oppose all pipeline construction.<a href="#cite_note-478">[445]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Repeal <a href="/wiki/Impact_Assessment_Act_and_Canadian_Energy_Regulator_Act" title="Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act">Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pipelines:_Allowing_our_Oil_and_Gas-463">[430]</a></li> <li>Repeal <a href="/wiki/Oil_Tanker_Moratorium_Act" title="Oil Tanker Moratorium Act">Oil Tanker Moratorium Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pipelines:_Allowing_our_Oil_and_Gas-463">[430]</a></li> <li>Invoke section 92(10) of the constitution to declare pipelines in the national interest.<a href="#cite_note-Pipelines:_Allowing_our_Oil_and_Gas-463">[430]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Environment </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban <a href="/wiki/Neonicotinoid" title="Neonicotinoid">neonicotinoid</a> pesticides.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Cut corporate income taxes from 15% to 5% for green technology businesses.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban the dumping of raw sewage into waterways.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Require heavy emitters to invest in clean technology.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Create a green-technology patent tax credit.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban <a href="/wiki/Neonicotinoid" title="Neonicotinoid">neonicotinoid</a> pesticides.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Protect 30% of Canada's land and water by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban non-renewable electricity sources by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Cut corporate income taxes from 15% to 7.5% for businesses selling zero-emission products.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Protect 25% of Canada's land and water by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Plant two billion trees by 2029.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban some single use plastics.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Protect 30% of Canada's land and water by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban some single use plastics.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban non-renewable electricity sources by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate subsidies for green technology.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Warming_and_Environment:_Rej-479">[446]</a></li> <li>Increase funding for <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">climate change adaptation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Warming_and_Environment:_Rej-479">[446]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Firearms </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDN_Vote_Quiz-458">[425]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Classify firearms through legislation based on mechanical features and remove the <a href="/wiki/RCMP" class="mw-redirect" title="RCMP">RCMP</a>'s power to reclassify firearms.<a href="#cite_note-480">[447]</a></li> <li>Repeal Bill C-71.<a href="#cite_note-481">[448]</a></li> <li>Extend background checks on firearm licenses from five years to life.<a href="#cite_note-482">[449]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic firearms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tricitynews.com-483">[450]</a></li> <li>Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tricitynews.com-483">[450]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Allow municipalities to ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harris-2019-484">[451]</a></li> <li>Ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning AR-15s.<a href="#cite_note-Harris-2019-484">[451]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Allow municipalities to ban individuals with firearm licenses from owning <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-485">[452]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Classify firearms through legislation based on mechanical features and remove the <a href="/wiki/RCMP" class="mw-redirect" title="RCMP">RCMP</a>'s power to reclassify firearms.<a href="#cite_note-Firearms:_Respecting_Legal_Firearms-486">[453]</a></li> <li>Make firearm licenses permanent.<a href="#cite_note-Firearms:_Respecting_Legal_Firearms-486">[453]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Foreign </td> <td> <ul><li>End ties to the <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">British monarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDN_Vote_Quiz-458">[425]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Compact on Migration.<a href="#cite_note-487">[454]</a></li> <li>Recognize Jerusalem as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-488">[455]</a></li> <li>End the practice of using foreign aid money to fund abortions.<a href="#cite_note-489">[456]</a></li> <li>Ban <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> from participating in Canada's 5G networks.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Withdraw Canada's $250 million contributions to China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Stop sending foreign aid to countries with a Human Development Index over 0.6, which will reduce the foreign aid budget by 25%.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Classify the <a href="/wiki/Iran_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps">Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> as a terrorist organization.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Stop selling weapons to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7% of gross national income.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Sign and ratify The Treaty to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Re-establish the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Development_Agency" title="Canadian International Development Agency">Canadian International Development Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Increase funding to the <a href="/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund" title="Green Climate Fund">Green Climate Fund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Environmental_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Environmental Facility">Global Environmental Facility</a> to $4 billion per year.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7% of gross national income.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Increase funding for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Stop selling weapons to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Increase foreign aid spending to 0.7 per cent of gross national income.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Compact on Migration.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy:_Focusing_on_the_Sec-490">[457]</a></li> <li>Withdraw from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Paris Agreement on Climate Change.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy:_Focusing_on_the_Sec-490">[457]</a></li> <li>Stop pursuing a seat on the UN Security Council.<a href="#cite_note-491">[458]</a></li> <li>Reduce annual foreign aid spending by $5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-peoplespartyofcanada.ca-460">[427]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Health </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase healthcare funding by at least 3% per year.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Introduce government funding for prescription medications.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Introduce government funding for dental care for low-income individuals.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase healthcare funding by at least 3% per year.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Introduce government funding for prescription medications.<a href="#cite_note-CP24-492">[459]</a></li> <li>Introduce government funding for dental care.<a href="#cite_note-CP24-492">[459]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Housing </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase funding for social housing in Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase the amortization period for insured mortgages to 30 years for first-time buyers.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint a Minister of Housing.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Eliminate the first-time home buyer incentive.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase the amount first-time homebuyers are allowed to withdraw from their RRSPs from $25,000 to $35,000.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Build 500,000 social housing units.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Fund up to $5,000 in rental subsidies for 500,000 low-income households.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Labour </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban government workers in positions of authority from wearing visible religious symbols while working.<a href="#cite_note-CDN_Vote_Quiz-458">[425]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban non-credit unpaid internships.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Raise the federal minimum wage to $15.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Ban non-credit unpaid internships.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Legal </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase funding for the Youth Gang Prevention Fund by 25%.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Impose a mandatory prison sentence of five years for possession of a smuggled firearm.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Impose a prison sentence of up to fourteen years for diverting firearms into the hands of criminals.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Require individuals on parole to cut ties with gangs.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>List crime and gang organizations in the Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Impose a mandatory prison sentence of five-year sentence for ordering or participating in violent criminal activity.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Impose a mandatory prison sentence for directing gang crime.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Start a judicial inquiry into the SNC-Lavalin scandal.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Enable the RCMP to seek access information protected by cabinet confidence by making an application to the Supreme Court of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Decriminalize all drug possession.<a href="#cite_note-493">[460]</a></li> <li>Eliminate mandatory minimum sentences.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>End solitary confinement in prisons.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Legalize prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Provide free legal aid to survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.</li> <li>Only appoint bilingual Supreme Court judges.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Establish an independent Criminal Case Review Commission to review wrongfully convicted applications.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Require all judges to undertake mandatory training on sexual assault law.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Require judges to take training about unconscious bias and cultural competency for all judges.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Make drug treatment court the default sentence for first-time offenders charged exclusively with drug possession.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Expunge the criminal records of people guilty of minor cannabis possession.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Implement a national ban on carding.<a href="#cite_note-494">[461]</a></li> <li>Only appoint bilingual Supreme Court judges.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Appoint Supreme Court judges to represent Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Ban consensual sexuality conversion therapy for minors.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Immigration </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Give Quebec control over its immigration policies.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Exempt Quebec from the Multiculturalism Act.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Prevent American residents from applying for asylum or refugee status in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-495">[462]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Eliminate the Temporary Foreign Workers Program and replace it with more permanent immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase the number of new immigrants from 310,000 per year to 350,000 per year by 2021.<a href="#cite_note-496">[463]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate the Safe Third Country agreement to allow Americans to apply for refugee status in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Eliminate the cap on sponsoring parents and grandparents.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Reduce the number of new immigrants from 310,000 per year to 150,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-An_Immigration_Policy_to_Fulfill_Ca-497">[464]</a></li> <li>Increase the proportion of economic immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-498">[465]</a></li> <li>End reliance on UN for refugee selection.<a href="#cite_note-An_Immigration_Policy_to_Fulfill_Ca-497">[464]</a></li> <li>Repeal the Multiculturalism Act.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Identity:_Ending_Official-499">[466]</a></li> <li>End all funding to promote multiculturalism.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Identity:_Ending_Official-499">[466]</a></li> <li>Require new immigrants to pass a test about Canadian values.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Identity:_Ending_Official-499">[466]</a></li> <li>Declare the whole border an official port of entry to end exemptions for illegal border crossers.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Identity:_Ending_Official-499">[466]</a></li> <li>Ban birth tourism.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Indigenous </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement <a href="/wiki/UNDRIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDRIP">UNDRIP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint a minister for "consulting Indigenous rights holders."<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement <a href="/wiki/UNDRIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDRIP">UNDRIP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Repeal and replace the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement <a href="/wiki/UNDRIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDRIP">UNDRIP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement <a href="/wiki/UNDRIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDRIP">UNDRIP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Repeal and replace the Indian Act.<a href="#cite_note-500">[467]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Military </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Seek to join the U.S. ballistic missile defence system.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Do not use autonomous weapons.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Reinstate the veteran disability pension as previously provided by the Pension Act.<a href="#cite_note-501">[468]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Provinces and Territories </td> <td> <ul><li>Seek sovereignty for Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-502">[469]</a></li> <li>Merge Quebec's federal and provincial tax returns into one tax return.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint a Minister of Internal Trade.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Eliminate interprovincial trade restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Merge Quebec's federal and provincial tax returns into one tax return.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Allow unions to initiate trade disputes.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint a Minister of Internal Trade.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Reduce equalization payments.<a href="#cite_note-peoplespartyofcanada.ca-460">[427]</a></li> <li>Eliminate federal funding for areas under provincial jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-peoplespartyofcanada.ca-460">[427]</a></li> <li>Use section 91(2) of the constitution to eliminate interprovincial trade restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-503">[470]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Senate </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint senators who are members of the Conservative Party of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-504">[471]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Appoint independent senators.<a href="#cite_note-505">[472]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Abolish the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-506">[473]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Speech </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Withhold grants from universities that refuse to allow free speech on campus.<a href="#cite_note-507">[474]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Withhold grants from universities that refuse to allow free speech on campus.<a href="#cite_note-Freedom_of_Expression:_Protecting_C-508">[475]</a></li> <li>Repeal M-103.<a href="#cite_note-Freedom_of_Expression:_Protecting_C-508">[475]</a></li> <li>Repeal C-16.<a href="#cite_note-Freedom_of_Expression:_Protecting_C-508">[475]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Taxation (Business) </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Expand the small business tax rate to businesses with more than $50,000 in annual passive income.<a href="#cite_note-Investment_Executive-509">[476]</a></li> <li>Exempt spouses from taxes on split income.<a href="#cite_note-Investment_Executive-509">[476]</a></li> <li>Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $50 million of revenue in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase the corporate income tax from 15% to 21%.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Increase the corporate income tax for banks from 15% to 26%.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Implement a robot tax.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $40 million of revenue in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement a 3% tax on revenue from online services of businesses that have one billion dollars of revenue worldwide and $40 million of revenue in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Increase the corporate income tax from 15% to 18%.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Reduce the corporate income tax rate from 15% to 10%.<a href="#cite_note-510">[477]</a></li> <li>Extend the Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance to all sectors.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Taxation (Personal) </td> <td> <ul><li>Implement a tax credit for recent graduates or immigrants who move to rural areas and work there.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate the carbon tax.<a href="#cite_note-511">[478]</a></li> <li>Reduce the 15% income tax bracket to 13.75%.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Make EI benefits for new parents non taxable.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Implement a 15% public transit pass tax credit.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a children's fitness and arts tax credit.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Eliminate GST from residential energy bills.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Lower the number of hours required for the volunteer firefighter supplies tax credit from 200 to 150.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Increase the adoption expense tax credit to $20,000 and make it fully refundable.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Remove exemptions from the carbon tax. Apply the entire carbon tax to all industries.<a href="#cite_note-512">[479]</a></li> <li>Implement a wealth tax.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a tax on sugary drinks.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a 0.2% tax on financial transactions.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li> <li>Exempt medicinal cannabis from sales tax.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Exempt zero-emission vehicles from sales tax.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Raise the carbon tax by $10/tonne every year until it reaches $50/tonne.<a href="#cite_note-513">[480]</a></li> <li>Raise the basic personal income tax deduction to $15,000.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Implement a speculation tax on houses bought by non-residents.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a 10% tax on personal vehicles valued at $100,000 or more.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Remove exemptions from the carbon tax. Apply the entire carbon tax to all industries.<a href="#cite_note-514">[481]</a></li> <li>Raise the capital gains inclusion from 50% to 75%.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Raise the 33% income tax bracket to 35%.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Implement a 1% wealth tax on wealth over $20,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-newsinteractives.cbc.ca-457">[424]</a></li> <li>Implement a 15% tax on houses purchased by foreign buyers.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li> <li>Implement a 12% tax on personal vehicles valued at $100,000 or more.<a href="#cite_note-BNN-2019-468">[435]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate the carbon tax.<a href="#cite_note-515">[482]</a></li> <li>Abolish the capital gains tax.<a href="#cite_note-516">[483]</a></li> <li>Raise personal federal exemption to $15,000<a href="#cite_note-Responsible_Plan_for_Income_Tax_Cut-517">[484]</a></li> <li>Replace the current income tax brackets with two tax brackets. Tax income between $15,001 and $100,000 at 15% and income over $100,000 at 25%.<a href="#cite_note-Responsible_Plan_for_Income_Tax_Cut-517">[484]</a></li> <li>Eliminate the federal sales tax.<a href="#cite_note-518">[485]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Trade </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Ban the import of crude oil from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-519">[486]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Remove the Investor-State Dispute Settlement provisions from trade agreements.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean's-2019-462">[429]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Attempt to negotiate a free trade agreement with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-520">[487]</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td> <td> <ul><li>Eliminate supply management for dairy, poultry<a href="#cite_note-521">[488]</a> and eggs.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misinformation">Misinformation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Misinformation">edit</a>]</div> During the Maclean's debate, Scheer said that refugees were "jumping the queue". Journalists called this a false statement and one expert explained that "there is no queue".<a href="#cite_note-522">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-523">[490]</a> On September 17, 2019, Brock Harrison, Scheer's director of communication, and the CPC tweeted that the RCMP had confirmed Trudeau was under investigation for SNC-Lavalin. Scheer himself also repeated the allegation. Both tweets were removed after journalists deemed it to be false.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonjic-2019-524">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell-2019-525">[492]</a> A claim was circulating online that <a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Bill Morneau</a> was related to RCMP Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lucki" title="Brenda Lucki">Brenda Lucki</a> through her husband, which is what was stopping the RCMP investigation regarding SNC-Lavalin. The claim is false; Lucki's husband is not related to Morneau.<a href="#cite_note-526">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-527">[494]</a> Furthermore, there has been no confirmation that there is an RCMP investigation.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonjic-2019-524">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell-2019-525">[492]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Chronicle" title="Buffalo Chronicle">Buffalo Chronicle</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">fake news website</a>, promoted a false rumour about a sex scandal that supposedly resulted in Justin Trudeau's departure from West Point Grey Academy.<a href="#cite_note-528">[495]</a><a href="#cite_note-NDAFactCheck-529">[496]</a> The rumour was propagated by other fake news websites, <a href="/wiki/Gossip_magazine" title="Gossip magazine">gossip magazines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Kinsella" title="Warren Kinsella">Warren Kinsella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Levant" title="Ezra Levant">Ezra Levant</a>. On October 7, 2019, the Conservatives issued a press release referencing the rumour and asking "why did Justin Trudeau leave West Point Grey Academy?". The Toronto Star and The Globe and Mail devoted multiple reporters to the story and found nothing to corroborate it. The former headmaster also released a statement that said "there is no truth to any speculation that [Trudeau] was dismissed".<a href="#cite_note-530">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[498]</a> During the campaign, the NDP claimed Bill Morneau had used tax-havens when he was the executive chair of <a href="/wiki/Morneau_Shepell" class="mw-redirect" title="Morneau Shepell">Morneau Shepell</a>, which was proven false. A probe by Canadians for Tax Fairness found that Morneau Shepell's subsidiary in the Bahamas was a legitimate business and not a way to avoid taxes.<a href="#cite_note-532">[499]</a> The NDP retracted the statement a few weeks after the campaign had ended.<a href="#cite_note-533">[500]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leaders'_debates">Leaders' debates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Leaders' debates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_leaders%27_debates#2019_debates" title="Canadian leaders' debates">Canadian leaders' debates § 2019 debates</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-justify: none"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#B0C4DE" colspan="18">2019 Canadian general election debates </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:small;"> <th rowspan="3">Date </th> <th rowspan="3">Organizers </th> <th rowspan="3">Location </th> <th rowspan="3">Language </th> <th rowspan="3">Moderator </th> <th colspan="6"> P  Participant  A  Absent invitee  N  Non-invitee </th> <th rowspan="3">Source </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:6em;">Liberals </th> <th style="width:6em;">Conservatives </th> <th style="width:6em;">NDP </th> <th style="width:6em;">Green </th> <th style="width:6em;">Bloc </th> <th style="width:6em;">People's </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#EA6D6A"> </th> <th style="background:#6495ED"> </th> <th style="background:#F4A460"> </th> <th style="background:#99C955"> </th> <th style="background:#87CEFA"> </th> <th style="background:#6f5d9a"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>September 12, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citytv" title="Citytv">Citytv</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></td> <td>English</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wells" title="Paul Wells">Paul Wells</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#49FFCC; color:black; text-align:center;">A </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">May</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff9999; color:black; text-align:center;">N </td> <td style="background-color:#ff9999; color:black; text-align:center;">N </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-534">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-535">[502]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 1, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munk_Debates" title="Munk Debates">Munk Debates</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomson_Hall" title="Roy Thomson Hall">Roy Thomson Hall</a>, Toronto</td> <td>Bilingual</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Griffiths" title="Rudyard Griffiths">Rudyard Griffiths</a> </td> <td colspan="6" align="center">Cancelled <a href="#cite_note-536">[l]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-537">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-538">[504]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 2, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canadian_TV_network)" title="TVA (Canadian TV network)">TVA</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></td> <td>French</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bruneau_(journalist)" title="Pierre Bruneau (journalist)">Pierre Bruneau</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff9999; color:black; text-align:center;">N </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff9999; color:black; text-align:center;">N </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-539">[505]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 7, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leaders%27_Debates_Commission" title="Leaders' Debates Commission">Leaders' Debates Commission</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_History" title="Canadian Museum of History">Canadian Museum of History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></td> <td>English</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Barton" title="Rosemary Barton">Rosemary Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Delacourt" title="Susan Delacourt">Susan Delacourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawna_Friesen" title="Dawna Friesen">Dawna Friesen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_LaFlamme" title="Lisa LaFlamme">Lisa LaFlamme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Althia_Raj" title="Althia Raj">Althia Raj</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">May</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Bernier</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Leaders_confirmed-540">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-MBinvited-171">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton_a_Moderator-541">[507]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 10, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leaders%27_Debates_Commission" title="Leaders' Debates Commission">Leaders' Debates Commission</a></td> <td>Canadian Museum of History, Gateau</td> <td>French</td> <td>Patrice Roy </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Scheer</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Singh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">May</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Blanchet</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99ff99; color:black; text-align:center;">P <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Bernier</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Leaders_confirmed-540">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton_a_Moderator-541">[507]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 16, 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></td> <td>English</td> <td> </td> <td colspan="6" align="center">Cancelled <a href="#cite_note-542">[m]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-543">[508]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Opinion polls">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election by constituency">Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election by constituency</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Opinion polling for Canadian federal elections</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2008 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg/600px-Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg/900px-Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg/1200px-Opinion_polling_during_the_campaign_period_of_2019_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of voting intentions according to polls conducted during campaign period of the 2019 Canadian federal election, graphed from the data in the table below. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the trendlines, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg/600px-Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg/900px-Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg/1200px-Opinion_polling_during_the_pre-campaign_period_of_43rd_Canadian_federal_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of voting intentions during the pre-campaign period of the 43rd Canadian federal election. Trendlines are <a href="/wiki/Local_regression" title="Local regression">local regressions</a>, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_growth" title="Logarithmic growth">logarithmic function</a> of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals. Source code for plot generation is available here.<a href="#cite_note-544">[509]</a> </figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election">Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding">Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/400px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/600px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg/800px-Canada_2019_Federal_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won within that province or territory. (Because seats are awarded by the popular vote in each riding, the provincial popular vote does not necessarily translate to more seats.)</figcaption></figure> With 157, the Liberals won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, allowing them to form a government albeit short of the <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> that they had won in 2015. The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberals</a>, under incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> won the highest number of seats, at 157, allowing them to form a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonjic-2019a-4">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservatives</a> under <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> remained the Official Opposition and, with 121 seats, formed the largest opposition caucus in Canadian history.<a href="#cite_note-545">[510]</a><a href="#cite_note-Opposition-546">[n]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> won 32 seats under <a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a>, the party's best result since <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>, and regained <a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">official party status</a> after losing it in <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> was reduced to 24 seats, its worst results since <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Greens</a> saw its best result in the party's history, winning 3 seats, while <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a> was re-elected in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Granville" title="Vancouver Granville">Vancouver Granville</a> and became the first independent to win a seat since <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>. The newly created <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party</a>, meanwhile, lost its only seat, with party leader <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> losing re-election in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a>. Aside from Bernier, every major party leader was able to secure election to the House of Commons. Marking the first time in Canadian history that no single party received more than 35% of the popular vote,<a href="#cite_note-np-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-547">[511]</a> the Conservatives won 34.41% of the popular vote, a plurality of the vote despite finishing 36 seats behind the Liberals, who won 33.07% of the vote. The NDP placed third in the popular vote at 15.98%, the party's worst performance since <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a>, while the Bloc Québécois came in fourth with 7.69% of the popular vote, its best performance since <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>; as the Bloc Québécois vote is concentrated entirely in Quebec, however, the party placed ahead of the NDP in terms of seats despite winning less than half of the party's vote. The Greens placed fifth with 6.55% of the popular vote, while the People's Party received 1.64% in its inaugural election.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-548">[512]</a> Liberal strength was predominantly concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the Liberals won 79 of the province's 121 seats, with a particularly strong showing in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a>, where the party was not only able to fend off expected challenges from the Conservatives and the NDP but gain the Conservative-held ridings of <a href="/wiki/Kitchener%E2%80%94Conestoga_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Kitchener—Conestoga (federal electoral district)">Kitchener—Conestoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Milton (federal electoral district)">Milton</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the party won 35 of the province's 78 seats, with gains from the NDP (specifically the ridings of <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sherbrooke (federal electoral district)">Sherbrooke</a>) offsetting losses to the Bloc Québécois, and with the party doing particularly well on the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Montreal" title="Island of Montreal">Island of Montreal</a> where they got their best result since <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, the Liberals won 26 out of the region's 32 seats, sweeping <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> and winning all but a single seat in both <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, the party won only 15 of the region's 104 seats, winning 11 seats in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and 4 in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and being shut out of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> for the first time since <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a> and <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a>, respectively. The best Liberal showing in Canada's west was in British Columbia, where they won 11 out of 42 seats. The Liberals also won two of the three territories, <a href="/wiki/Yukon_(electoral_district)" title="Yukon (electoral district)">Yukon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories_(electoral_district)" title="Northwest Territories (electoral district)">Northwest Territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-2019-549">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-QC_voteshare-550">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-2019-551">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-552">[o]</a> Conservative strength was predominantly concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, where the party won all but one of the 48 seats between the two provinces. In <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> the Conservatives won 17 of the province's 42 seats, while in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> the party won half the province's 14 seats, with the remainder split between the Liberals and NDP. The Conservatives increased their vote share in every district in three of those provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba). However, it only resulted in a net gain of 10 seats. In <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> the party won 36 out of the province's 121 seats, an increase of three seats compared to <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a>, with losses to the Liberals in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a> being offset by gains from the Liberals and NDP elsewhere in the province, though Ontario was nevertheless only one of two provinces where the Conservatives saw their share of the popular vote decrease compared to 2015. In <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the second province where the Conservatives won a lower share of the popular vote than they did in 2015, the party won 10 of the province's 78 seats. In <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, the party was able to win 4 of the region's 32 seats after having been shut out entirely in 2015, winning 3 in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and a single seat in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, though the party remained shut out of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kilpatrick-2019-549">[513]</a><a href="#cite_note-553">[516]</a><a href="#cite_note-554">[517]</a> Only running in Quebec, the Bloc Québécois won 32 of the province's 78 seats, with the party doing particularly well in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clarke-2019-551">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-552">[o]</a> Gaining seats from the Conservatives, Liberals, and in particular the NDP, compared to 2015 the party saw its share of the vote increase in all but one of the province's 78 seats, the one exception being the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> riding of <a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a>, where the party ran a candidate other than former party leader <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> for the first time in its history.<a href="#cite_note-QC_voteshare-550">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montpetit-2019-555">[518]</a> With 11 seats in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and 6 seats in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the two provinces accounted for a majority of the NDP's 24 seats,<a href="#cite_note-Clarke-2019-551">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-552">[o]</a> though in both provinces the party lost ground compared to 2015: in British Columbia, the party lost the ridings of <a href="/wiki/Kootenay%E2%80%94Columbia" title="Kootenay—Columbia">Kootenay—Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Moody%E2%80%94Coquitlam_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)">Port Moody—Coquitlam</a> to the Conservatives and <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a> to the Greens, while in Ontario the party lost <a href="/wiki/Essex_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Essex (federal electoral district)">Essex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%94Tecumseh_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Windsor—Tecumseh (federal electoral district)">Windsor—Tecumseh</a> to the Conservatives and Liberals, respectively. In <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, the party won 3 of the province's 14 seats, picking up a single seat from the Liberals, while in each of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> the party won a single seat, gaining <a href="/wiki/Nunavut_(electoral_district)" title="Nunavut (electoral district)">the latter riding</a> for the first time since <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a>.<a href="#cite_note-556">[519]</a> In Alberta, <a href="/wiki/Heather_McPherson_(politician)" title="Heather McPherson (politician)">Heather McPherson</a> managed to hold the riding of <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Strathcona (federal electoral district)">Edmonton Strathcona</a> following <a href="/wiki/Linda_Duncan" title="Linda Duncan">Linda Duncan</a>'s retirement, becoming the only non-Conservative MP in the province,<a href="#cite_note-557">[520]</a><a href="#cite_note-558">[521]</a> while in Newfoundland and Labrador, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Harris_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador_politician)" title="Jack Harris (Newfoundland and Labrador politician)">Jack Harris</a> returned to parliament after having been defeated in 2015, becoming the party's only MP in Atlantic Canada.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-548">[512]</a> In Quebec, only eight years after the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Wave">Orange Wave</a> saw the party win 59 of the province's then-75 seats, the NDP won just one of the province's 78 seats—the seat of Deputy Leader <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Boulerice" title="Alexandre Boulerice">Alexandre Boulerice</a>—as a result of losses to both the Bloc Québécois and the Liberals, with prominent MPs <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ellen_Brosseau" title="Ruth Ellen Brosseau">Ruth Ellen Brosseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Caron" title="Guy Caron">Guy Caron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dub%C3%A9" title="Matthew Dubé">Matthew Dubé</a> losing re-election and the party suffering its worst performance since <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a>.<a href="#cite_note-559">[522]</a><a href="#cite_note-560">[523]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montpetit-2019-555">[518]</a> In addition to party leader <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> being re-elected, the Greens held the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> riding of <a href="/wiki/Nanaimo%E2%80%94Ladysmith" title="Nanaimo—Ladysmith">Nanaimo—Ladysmith</a>, previously won from the NDP in a <a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_42nd_Canadian_Parliament#Nanaimo—Ladysmith" title="By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament">by-election earlier in the year</a>, and gained the <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> riding of <a href="/wiki/Fredericton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Fredericton (federal electoral district)">Fredericton</a> from the Liberals, marking the first time the party has won a seat outside of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-561">[524]</a> With three seats total, the election marked the best performance in the party's history, with May declaring on election night that the party's results marked "the best election result that any Green Party in any first past-the-post system has ever had."<a href="#cite_note-562">[525]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Canadian_parliament.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2019_Canadian_parliament.svg/300px-2019_Canadian_parliament.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2019_Canadian_parliament.svg/450px-2019_Canadian_parliament.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2019_Canadian_parliament.svg/600px-2019_Canadian_parliament.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Summary of the 2019 Canadian federal election – Elections Canada </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Party </th> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Party leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Candidates </th> <th colspan="5">Seats </th> <th colspan="5">Popular vote </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"> <td><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a> </td> <td style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">Dissol.</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% change from dissolution </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% seats </td> <td style="font-size:80%">Votes </td> <td style="font-size:80%">Vote change </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% </td> <td style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> change </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% where running </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">184 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">177 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">157 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−11.30% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.45% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,018,728 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−924,209 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.12% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−6.34pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6495ED; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338<a href="#cite_note-563">[p]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">121 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+27.37% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.80% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,239,227 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+625,594 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.34% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.43pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#87CEFA; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+220.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.47% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,387,030 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+565,886 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.63% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.97pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F4A460; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−38.46% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.10% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,903,722 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−565,646 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.98% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.74pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#99C955; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338<a href="#cite_note-564">[q]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">1</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+50.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.89% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,189,607 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+586,674 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.55% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3.12pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> and No Affiliation </td> <td style="text-align:right;">125 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8<a href="#cite_note-565">[r]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">1</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−87.50% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.30% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74,291 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+24,675 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.41% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.13pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6f5d9a; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">315 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">1</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−100.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">294,092 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.62% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#CC6699; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rod Taylor </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,901 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3,669 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.10% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.02pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#D8BFD8; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sébastien CoRhino </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,538 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2,275 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F2BA00; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Moen" title="Tim Moen">Tim Moen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,367 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−28,408 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.16pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FDFE01; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Coalition_Party_of_Canada" title="Veterans Coalition Party of Canada">Veterans Coalition</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Randy David Joy </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,300 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.03% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#336033; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Alliance</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liz_White_(activist)" title="Liz White (activist)">Liz White</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,408 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2,709 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#CD5C5C; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Anna Di Carlo </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,124 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4,714 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.03pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FF6347; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Rowley" title="Elizabeth Rowley">Elizabeth Rowley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,905 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−488 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">Pour l'Indépendance du Québec </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Michel Blondin </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,815 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6666CC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hueglin" title="Joe Hueglin">Joe Hueglin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,534 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2,942 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.02pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#D2B48C; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Blair_Longley" title="Blair Longley">Blair Longley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">920 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−637 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">Canada's Fourth Front </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Partap Dua </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">682 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">United Party </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Carlton Darby </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">602 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#710039; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Citizens_Alliance" title="National Citizens Alliance">National Citizens Alliance</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Stephen J. Garvey </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">510 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">Stop Climate Change </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Ken Ranney </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">296 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#ED2939; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nationalist_Party_(2017)" title="Canadian Nationalist Party (2017)">Canadian Nationalist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Travis Patron </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" data-sort-value="" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">281 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.20% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EEDDAA; width: 16px">  </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a><a href="#cite_note-566">[s]</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td colspan="8" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FFFFFF; width: 16px">  </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:left;">Vacant </td> <td>5 </td> <td colspan="8" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Total valid votes </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>18,170,880 </td> <td>+579,412 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="15"> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank and invalid votes </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>179,479 </td> <td>+58,964 </td> <td>0.98% </td> <td>+0.30pp </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Total </td> <td>2,146 </td> <td>338 </td> <td>338 </td> <td>338 </td> <td>— </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18,350,359 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">+580,480 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100.00% </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Registered voters/turnout </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>27,373,058 </td> <td>+1,433,316 </td> <td>67.03% </td> <td>−1.25pp </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="15">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-567">[526]</a> (Official Voting Results) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg/660px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg/990px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg/1320px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Cartogram of the 2019 Canadian federal election results using equal-area ridings</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_province">Results by province</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Results by province">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Distribution of seats and popular vote %, by party by province/territory (2019) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Party name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election_in_Ontario" title="2019 Canadian federal election in Ontario">ON</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>11</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>4</td> <td>79</td> <td>35</td> <td>6</td> <td>10</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>157 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>26.2</td> <td>13.8</td> <td>11.7</td> <td>26.5</td> <td>41.6</td> <td>34.3</td> <td>37.5</td> <td>41.4</td> <td>43.7</td> <td>44.9</td> <td>33.5</td> <td>39.7</td> <td>30.9</td> <td>33.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>17</td> <td>33</td> <td>14</td> <td>7</td> <td>36</td> <td>10</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>34.0</td> <td>69.0</td> <td>64.0</td> <td>45.2</td> <td>33.1</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>32.8</td> <td>25.7</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>27.9</td> <td>32.7</td> <td>25.5</td> <td>26.1</td> <td>34.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Canada">NDP</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>11</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>24.4</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>19.6</td> <td>20.8</td> <td>16.8</td> <td>10.8</td> <td>9.4</td> <td>18.9</td> <td>7.6</td> <td>23.7</td> <td>22.0</td> <td>22.3</td> <td>40.8</td> <td>16.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="5"></td> <td>32</td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"></td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>32.4</td> <td><big>7.6</big> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#99C955" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>2</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>12.5</td> <td>2.8</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>5.1</td> <td>6.2</td> <td>4.5</td> <td>17.2</td> <td>11.0</td> <td>20.9</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>10.5</td> <td>10.6</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6f5d9a" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>1.7</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>1.4</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.6> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC" rowspan="2">  </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">minor parties</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#fffacd"> <td style="text-align:left;">Vote: </td> <td>1.3</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Seats: </td> <td>42</td> <td>34</td> <td>14</td> <td>14</td> <td>121</td> <td>78</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>338 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election">List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">Vote-splitting</a> benefited the Conservatives in Ontario and Metro Vancouver, the Liberals in Quebec and the Maritimes, and the NDP in British Columbia and outside the GTA in Ontario. It also helped the Bloc in some Quebec ridings.<a href="#cite_note-568">[527]</a> Furthermore, analysis by different news outlets showed that the PPC cost the Tories six to seven seats. However, a Tory strategist said that it is not guaranteed that PPC voters would have voted for the Conservatives. The PPC's spokesperson echoed similar sentiments.<a href="#cite_note-569">[528]</a><a href="#cite_note-570">[529]</a><a href="#cite_note-571">[530]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_voting" title="Strategic voting">Strategic voting</a> was prominent across the country. However, it was not the primary factor for most. According to a poll conducted after the election, of respondents who ultimately voted Liberal, 46 per cent said they had considered voting for the NDP at some point during the campaign. Another 29 per cent considered voting Green. Additionally, 15 per cent of Conservative voters considered voting for the People's Party.<a href="#cite_note-572">[531]</a><a href="#cite_note-573">[532]</a> Ninety-eight women were elected to federal seats in this election. This also set a new record, both by number and by percentage, but still fell short of equality advocates' goal of 30% women. The highest percentage of elected women was in the Green party, with two female MPs out of three elected Green Party members.<a href="#cite_note-574">[533]</a><a href="#cite_note-575">[534]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_aftermath">Election aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Election aftermath">edit</a>]</div> Following the election, Trudeau ruled out a coalition and announced that his new cabinet would be sworn in on November 20, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-373">[342]</a> On November 4, 2019, Elizabeth May announced that she would be stepping down as leader of the Green Party.<a href="#cite_note-576">[535]</a> On December 12, 2019, Andrew Scheer announced that he was resigning as leader of the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-577">[536]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recounts">Recounts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Recounts">edit</a>]</div> Defeated parties sought recounts in three ridings where the races were won by a few hundred votes. The Bloc Québécois made its request in the Quebec Superior Court for the ridings of <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(electoral_district)" title="Québec (electoral district)">Québec</a><a href="#cite_note-578">[537]</a><a href="#cite_note-579">[538]</a> and the NDP sought a recount for the riding of <a href="/wiki/Port_Moody%E2%80%94Coquitlam_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Port Moody—Coquitlam (federal electoral district)">Port Moody—Coquitlam</a>. Federal judges accepted the requests and ruled that recounts should happen for those ridings.<a href="#cite_note-580">[539]</a><a href="#cite_note-581">[540]</a> All three recount requests were withdrawn during the recounting process, thus the victors stayed the same.<a href="#cite_note-582">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-583">[542]</a><a href="#cite_note-584">[543]</a><a href="#cite_note-585">[544]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_reform_2">Electoral reform</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Electoral reform">edit</a>]</div> The nature of the elections' results reignited calls for electoral reform.<a href="#cite_note-586">[545]</a><a href="#cite_note-587">[546]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hayes-2019-588">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-589">[548]</a><a href="#cite_note-590">[549]</a> Some commentators argued against the current first-past-the-post system,<a href="#cite_note-591">[550]</a><a href="#cite_note-592">[551]</a><a href="#cite_note-593">[552]</a><a href="#cite_note-594">[553]</a> while others defended it.<a href="#cite_note-595">[554]</a><a href="#cite_note-596">[555]</a> Dominic O'Sullivan, Associate Professor of Political Science at Charles Sturt University, argued that Canada should follow in New Zealand's footsteps with <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand" title="Electoral reform in New Zealand">their electoral reform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-597">[556]</a> News outlets also published articles showing what the election results could have looked like if Trudeau had kept his promise on electoral reform.<a href="#cite_note-598">[557]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hayes-2019-588">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-599">[558]</a> After the election, Elizabeth May sent Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a letter recommending <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">STV</a> as a compromise for electoral reform since it meets some of the concerns Trudeau expressed in the past.<a href="#cite_note-600">[559]</a><a href="#cite_note-601">[560]</a> A poll published by the <a href="/wiki/Angus_Reid_(market_research)" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Reid (market research)">Angus Reid Institute</a> showed that support for electoral reform and <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> in particular skyrocketed following the election.<a href="#cite_note-602">[561]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Canadian_separatism">Western Canadian separatism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Western Canadian separatism">edit</a>]</div> After Justin Trudeau's re-election on October 21, 2019, #<a href="/wiki/Wexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wexit">Wexit</a> trended on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-603">[562]</a> However, experts stated part of the push was due to <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_bot" title="Internet bot">bots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-604">[563]</a><a href="#cite_note-605">[564]</a> On November 4, 2019, the separatist group <a href="/wiki/Wexit_Canada#Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Wexit Canada">Wexit Alberta</a> applied for federal political party status.<a href="#cite_note-606">[565]</a> On November 6, 2019, a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> show a historic high level of interest in secession from Canada in both <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> by 33% and 27%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-607">[566]</a><a href="#cite_note-608">[567]</a> On January 12, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Wexit_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Wexit Canada">Wexit Canada</a> was granted eligibility for the next federal election.<a href="#cite_note-609">[568]</a> They subsequently changed their name to the <a href="/wiki/Maverick_Party" title="Maverick Party">Maverick Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ECParties-610">[569]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_government_interference">Chinese government interference</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Chinese government interference">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_interference_in_the_2019_and_2021_Canadian_federal_elections" title="Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections">Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections</a></div> In late 2022, <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a> reported on a suspected attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">government of China</a> to infiltrate the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> by funding a network of candidates to run in the 2019 federal election.<a href="#cite_note-autob-611">[570]</a><a href="#cite_note-612">[571]</a><a href="#cite_note-613">[572]</a><a href="#cite_note-614">[573]</a><a href="#cite_note-615">[574]</a> Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated on November 20, 2022, regarding alleged interference in the election that "I do not have any information, nor have I been briefed on any federal candidates receiving any money from China".<a href="#cite_note-616">[575]</a> In February 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Security_Intelligence_Service" title="Canadian Security Intelligence Service">Canadian Security Intelligence Service</a> (CSIS) concluded that the Chinese government interfered in the 2019 elections.<a href="#cite_note-617">[576]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deregistered_parties">Deregistered parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Deregistered parties">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian Party</a> was deregistered by <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> on October 30, 2019, for failing to comply with the reporting provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act" title="Canada Elections Act">Canada Elections Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-618">[577]</a> The United Party of Canada was deregistered on December 31, 2020, for failing to submit required financial documents or update party information.<a href="#cite_note-619">[578]</a> The Stop Climate Change Party was deregistered on March 31, 2021, for failing to provide an auditor's report.<a href="#cite_note-620">[579]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament">By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Democratic Party leadership election">2017 New Democratic Party leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2017 Bloc Québécois leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Not the incumbent, but stood in this seat and won. </li> <li id="cite_note-NantelWrit-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NantelWrit_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NantelWrit_11-1">b</a> Following his removal from the NDP caucus, Pierre Nantel sat as an independent until the writ was dropped, but ran as a Green Party candidate on Federal election day.<a href="#cite_note-NantelClarified-13">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ErinWeir-12"><a href="#cite_ref-ErinWeir_12-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Erin_Weir" title="Erin Weir">Erin Weir</a> designated himself as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation following his expulsion from the NDP caucus. The CCF is not a registered party and Weir's designation exists only in a parliamentary, not electoral, sense. See: <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation#2018" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation#2018</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> While the source is from 2015, this still applied to 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-Varsity-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Varsity_177-0">^</a> Endorsed a Liberal minority with an NDP/Green balance of power </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Devoir-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Le_Devoir_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Le_Devoir_179-1">b</a> Joint Liberal/BQ endorsement. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Endorsed Heather McPherson, the NDP candidate in her riding of Edmonton-Strathcona </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> The NDP changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "On se bat pour vous", which is "We Fight for You" in English. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> The GPC changed their French slogan during the campaign. Prior to this one, they used "Ni à droite ni à gauche. Vers l'avant ensemble", which is "Neither left nor right. Forward together" in English. </li> <li id="cite_note-Third_party_spending-455"><a href="#cite_ref-Third_party_spending_455-0">^</a> According to Elections Canada rules, third parties are allowed to spend $1,023,400 in the pre-election period between June 30 and the start of the election campaign. They can spend an additional $511,700 during the election campaign. </li> <li id="cite_note-456"><a href="#cite_ref-456">^</a> These are not all the third parties that spent money during the election </li> <li id="cite_note-536"><a href="#cite_ref-536">^</a> The debate was cancelled due to Trudeau refusing to attend </li> <li id="cite_note-542"><a href="#cite_ref-542">^</a> The debate was cancelled due to Scheer refusing to attend </li> <li id="cite_note-Opposition-546"><a href="#cite_ref-Opposition_546-0">^</a> As the number of seats in the House of Commons has increased over time, in terms of share of seats in the House the Conservative's formed the largest opposition caucus since <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian-552">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_552-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_552-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_552-2">c</a> Some of the information (vote share and turnout) in the previous reference is not reflective of the final results </li> <li id="cite_note-563"><a href="#cite_ref-563">^</a> Includes Heather Leung, who was ejected from the Conservative Party after candidate registration was closed. </li> <li id="cite_note-564"><a href="#cite_ref-564">^</a> Includes Marthe Lépine, who was ejected by the party, and Michael Kalmanovitch, who publicly withdrew and threw his support to the local NDP candidate, both after candidate registration was closed. </li> <li id="cite_note-565"><a href="#cite_ref-565">^</a> Includes <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Nantel" title="Pierre Nantel">Pierre Nantel</a>, who ran as a candidate for the Green Party in the 2019 election. </li> <li id="cite_note-566"><a href="#cite_ref-566">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Erin_Weir" title="Erin Weir">Erin Weir</a> used this as his parliamentary affiliation after being ejected from the NDP; the CCF ceased to exist as a party when the NDP was formed in 1961. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-turnout-1"><a href="#cite_ref-turnout_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/table3E.html">"Forty-Third General Election 2019: Official Voting Results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a>. October 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200424101827/https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/table3E.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2020. 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May 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706201902/https://vancouversun.com/news/politics/west-vancouver-mp-pamela-goldsmith-jones-wont-seek-reelection">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=West+Vancouver+MP+Pamela+Goldsmith-Jones+won%27t+seek+reelection&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversun.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwest-vancouver-mp-pamela-goldsmith-jones-wont-seek-reelection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTJ_Harvey2019" class="citation web cs1">TJ Harvey [@TJHarveyLib] (February 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/TJHarveyLib/status/1097879735005339648">"I have decided not to re-offer in the upcoming federal election. An open letter to my constituents: #nbpoli https://t.co/pOob7Qjo5k"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+have+decided+not+to+re-offer+in+the+upcoming+federal+election.+An+open+letter+to+my+constituents%3A+%23nbpoli+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FpOob7Qjo5k&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft.au=TJ+Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTJHarveyLib%2Fstatus%2F1097879735005339648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2019" class="citation web cs1">Major, Darren (May 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-leslie-not-seeking-re-election">"Liberal MP Andrew Leslie won't seek re-election this fall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501181007/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-leslie-not-seeking-re-election">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberal+MP+Andrew+Leslie+won%27t+seek+re-election+this+fall&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fandrew-leslie-not-seeking-re-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/eva-nassif-resigns-liberal-1.5258811">"Laval MP Eva Nassif 'pushed out' by Liberal Party riding president says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. August 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706201928/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/eva-nassif-resigns-liberal-1.5258811">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laval+MP+Eva+Nassif+%27pushed+out%27+by+Liberal+Party+riding+president+says&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2019-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Feva-nassif-resigns-liberal-1.5258811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigliotti2019" class="citation web cs1">Vigliotti, Marco (February 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipolitics.ca/2019/02/27/ontario-liberal-mp-john-oliver-wont-seek-re-election/">"Ontario Liberal MP John Oliver won't seek re-election"</a>. iPolitics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706201903/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/02/27/ontario-liberal-mp-john-oliver-wont-seek-re-election/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iPolitics&rft.atitle=Ontario+Liberal+MP+John+Oliver+won%27t+seek+re-election&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Vigliotti&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipolitics.ca%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fontario-liberal-mp-john-oliver-wont-seek-re-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/veteran-liberal-mp-denis-paradis-won-t-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.4536385">"Veteran Liberal MP Denis Paradis won't seek re-election this fall"</a>. CTV News. The Canadian Press. August 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706201935/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/veteran-liberal-mp-denis-paradis-won-t-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.4536385">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Veteran+Liberal+MP+Denis+Paradis+won%27t+seek+re-election+this+fall&rft.date=2019-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fveteran-liberal-mp-denis-paradis-won-t-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.4536385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir2019" class="citation web cs1">Weir, Brock (March 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers-online.com/auroran/?p=23368">"MP Kyle Peterson won't seek re-election"</a>. The Auroran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328215128/http://www.newspapers-online.com/auroran/?p=23368">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Auroran&rft.atitle=MP+Kyle+Peterson+won%27t+seek+re-election&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Brock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers-online.com%2Fauroran%2F%3Fp%3D23368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaczuk2019" class="citation news cs1">Diaczuk, Doug (March 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbnewswatch.com/local-news/rusnak-bows-out-of-2019-federal-election-1326246">"'Rusnak bows out of 2019 federal election"</a>. Thunder Bay News Watch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602230238/https://www.tbnewswatch.com/local-news/rusnak-bows-out-of-2019-federal-election-1326246">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thunder+Bay+News+Watch&rft.atitle=%27Rusnak+bows+out+of+2019+federal+election&rft.date=2019-03-17&rft.aulast=Diaczuk&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbnewswatch.com%2Flocal-news%2Frusnak-bows-out-of-2019-federal-election-1326246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkin2018" class="citation news cs1">Akin, David (October 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4593050/borys-wrzesnewskyj-leaving-etobicoke-centre/">"Liberal incumbent to leave Toronto-area seat, setting up rare GTA opening for Tories"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015900/https://globalnews.ca/news/4593050/borys-wrzesnewskyj-leaving-etobicoke-centre/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Liberal+incumbent+to+leave+Toronto-area+seat%2C+setting+up+rare+GTA+opening+for+Tories&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4593050%2Fborys-wrzesnewskyj-leaving-etobicoke-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidanderson.ca/anderson-announces-he-will-not-run-in-2019/">"Anderson announces he will not run in 2019"</a> (Press release). Swift Current, SK. March 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174903/http://www.davidanderson.ca/anderson-announces-he-will-not-run-in-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anderson+announces+he+will+not+run+in+2019&rft.place=Swift+Current%2C+SK&rft.date=2019-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidanderson.ca%2Fanderson-announces-he-will-not-run-in-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2018" class="citation web cs1">Mitchell, Laine (January 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rdnewsnow.com/article/567971/mp-jim-eglinski-wont-seek-re-election-2019">"Eglinski not seeking re-election"</a>. Rdnewsnow.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110001307/http://rdnewsnow.com/article/567971/mp-jim-eglinski-wont-seek-re-election-2019">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eglinski+not+seeking+re-election&rft.pub=Rdnewsnow.com&rft.date=2018-01-09&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Laine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frdnewsnow.com%2Farticle%2F567971%2Fmp-jim-eglinski-wont-seek-re-election-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvison2018" class="citation news cs1">Ivison, John (January 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/john-ivison-shunned-values-crusader-kellie-leitchs-political-career-comes-to-its-inevitable-end">"John Ivison: Shunned 'values' crusader Kellie Leitch's political career comes to its inevitable end"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210728023937/https://nationalpost.com/opinion/john-ivison-shunned-values-crusader-kellie-leitchs-political-career-comes-to-its-inevitable-end">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=John+Ivison%3A+Shunned+%27values%27+crusader+Kellie+Leitch%27s+political+career+comes+to+its+inevitable+end&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.aulast=Ivison&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fjohn-ivison-shunned-values-crusader-kellie-leitchs-political-career-comes-to-its-inevitable-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeebruch2019" class="citation web cs1">Seebruch, Nick (January 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornwallseawaynews.com/news/regional/2019/1/26/mp-guy-lauzon-announces-his-retirement.html">"MP Guy Lauzon announces his retirement"</a>. Cornwall Seaway News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035432/https://www.cornwallseawaynews.com/news/regional/2019/1/26/mp-guy-lauzon-announces-his-retirement.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornwall+Seaway+News&rft.atitle=MP+Guy+Lauzon+announces+his+retirement&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft.aulast=Seebruch&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwallseawaynews.com%2Fnews%2Fregional%2F2019%2F1%2F26%2Fmp-guy-lauzon-announces-his-retirement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2019" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Scott (January 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://london.ctvnews.ca/long-time-local-conservative-mp-calling-it-a-career-1.4259424">"Long-time local Conservative MP calling it a career"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CFPL-DT" title="CFPL-DT">CTV News London</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202759/https://london.ctvnews.ca/long-time-local-conservative-mp-calling-it-a-career-1.4259424">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News+London&rft.atitle=Long-time+local+Conservative+MP+calling+it+a+career&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flondon.ctvnews.ca%2Flong-time-local-conservative-mp-calling-it-a-career-1.4259424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/news-story/9276106-niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term/">"Niagara Falls MP Rob Nicholson will not seek another term"</a>. Niagara Falls Review. April 7, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202731/https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/news/niagara-region/2019/04/09/niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Niagara+Falls+Review&rft.atitle=Niagara+Falls+MP+Rob+Nicholson+will+not+seek+another+term&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niagarafallsreview.ca%2Fnews-story%2F9276106-niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2019" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Shawn (March 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrietoday.com/local-news/nuttall-will-not-seek-re-election-instead-focusing-on-family-1339438">"Nuttall will not seek re-election, instead focusing on family"</a>. Barrie Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202755/https://www.barrietoday.com/local-news/nuttall-will-not-seek-re-election-instead-focusing-on-family-1339438">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barrie+Today&rft.atitle=Nuttall+will+not+seek+re-election%2C+instead+focusing+on+family&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrietoday.com%2Flocal-news%2Fnuttall-will-not-seek-re-election-instead-focusing-on-family-1339438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/bev-shipley-mp-conservative-lambton-kent-middlesex-1.4739075">"Long-time Conservative MP Bev Shipley will not seek re-election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. July 9, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202750/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/bev-shipley-mp-conservative-lambton-kent-middlesex-1.4739075">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Long-time+Conservative+MP+Bev+Shipley+will+not+seek+re-election&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Flondon%2Fbev-shipley-mp-conservative-lambton-kent-middlesex-1.4739075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/robert-sopuck-dauphin-mp-1.4651753">"Dauphin-area MP Robert Sopuck won't run in 2019 election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. May 7, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202809/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/robert-sopuck-dauphin-mp-1.4651753">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dauphin-area+MP+Robert+Sopuck+won%27t+run+in+2019+election&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Frobert-sopuck-dauphin-mp-1.4651753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuckman2019" class="citation news cs1">Ruckman, Allie (April 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drumhelleronline.com/local/sorenson-not-seeking-re-election-in-2019">"Sorenson Not Seeking Re-Election in 2019"</a>. Drumheller Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202747/https://www.drumhelleronline.com/local/sorenson-not-seeking-re-election-in-2019">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sorenson+Not+Seeking+Re-Election+in+2019&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.aulast=Ruckman&rft.aufirst=Allie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drumhelleronline.com%2Flocal%2Fsorenson-not-seeking-re-election-in-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lfpress.com/2018/01/05/long-time-chatham-conservative-mp-dave-van-kesteren-wont-seek-re-election">"Van Kesteren won't seek re-election"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107174824/http://www.lfpress.com/2018/01/05/long-time-chatham-conservative-mp-dave-van-kesteren-wont-seek-re-election">Archived</a> January 7, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, London Free Press, January 5, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.langleytimes.com/news/mark-warawa-wont-run-in-the-next-election/">"Mark Warawa won't run in the next election"</a>. 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Retrieved January 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langley+Times&rft.atitle=Mark+Warawa+won%27t+run+in+the+next+election&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.langleytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fmark-warawa-wont-run-in-the-next-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellavanceLévesque2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bellavance, Joël-Denis; Lévesque, Fanny (February 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/politique-canadienne/201902/21/01-5215559-la-deputee-du-npd-marjolaine-boutin-sweet-ne-se-representera-pas-en-octobre.php">"La députée du NPD Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet ne se représentera pas en octobre"</a>. La Presse (in French). Montréal, QC: La Presse (2018) Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202759/https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/politique-canadienne/201902/21/01-5215559-la-deputee-du-npd-marjolaine-boutin-sweet-ne-se-representera-pas-en-octobre.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=La+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9e+du+NPD+Marjolaine+Boutin-Sweet+ne+se+repr%C3%A9sentera+pas+en+octobre&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.aulast=Bellavance&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl-Denis&rft.au=L%C3%A9vesque%2C+Fanny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Factualites%2Fpolitique%2Fpolitique-canadienne%2F201902%2F21%2F01-5215559-la-deputee-du-npd-marjolaine-boutin-sweet-ne-se-representera-pas-en-octobre.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraggs2018" class="citation news cs1">Craggs, Samantha (July 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/david-christopherson-1.4735606">"David Christopherson, long-time Hamilton Centre MP, says he won't run again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202757/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/david-christopherson-1.4735606">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Christopherson%2C+long-time+Hamilton+Centre+MP%2C+says+he+won%27t+run+again&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft.aulast=Craggs&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fhamilton%2Fdavid-christopherson-1.4735606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (March 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-mp-nathan-cullen-1.5039697">"NDP MP Nathan Cullen isn't running again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202756/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ndp-mp-nathan-cullen-1.5039697">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NDP+MP+Nathan+Cullen+isn%27t+running+again&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fndp-mp-nathan-cullen-1.5039697&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Charlie (December 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/news/1175066/port-moody-coquitlam-mp-fin-donnelly-wont-seek-reelection-2019">"Port Moody–Coquitlam NDP MP Fin Donnelly won't seek reelection in 2019"</a>. The Georgia Straight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202803/https://www.straight.com/news/1175066/port-moody-coquitlam-mp-fin-donnelly-wont-seek-reelection-2019">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Port+Moody%E2%80%93Coquitlam+NDP+MP+Fin+Donnelly+won%27t+seek+reelection+in+2019&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Fnews%2F1175066%2Fport-moody-coquitlam-mp-fin-donnelly-wont-seek-reelection-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydie2018" class="citation news cs1">Lydie, Neufeld (August 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-federal-ndp-linda-duncan-retire-1.4801671">"Alberta's only NDP MP not seeking re-election in 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. Retrieved November 28, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Alberta%27s+only+NDP+MP+not+seeking+re-election+in+2019&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft.aulast=Lydie&rft.aufirst=Neufeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fedmonton%2Falberta-federal-ndp-linda-duncan-retire-1.4801671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVastel2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vastel, Marie (July 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/531978/npd">"Hélène Laverdière, du NPD, quitte la politique fédérale"</a>. Le Devoir (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202739/https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/531978/npd">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Devoir&rft.atitle=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Laverdi%C3%A8re%2C+du+NPD%2C+quitte+la+politique+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Vastel&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fpolitique%2Fcanada%2F531978%2Fnpd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-ontario-fanshawe-irene-mathyssen-1.4800242">"NDP MP Irene Mathyssen announces retirement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. August 27, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202806/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/london-ontario-fanshawe-irene-mathyssen-1.4800242">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NDP+MP+Irene+Mathyssen+announces+retirement&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Flondon%2Flondon-ontario-fanshawe-irene-mathyssen-1.4800242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuach2019" class="citation web cs1">Quach, Anne Minh-Thu (February 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911141502/https://anneminhthuquach.ndp.ca/statement-from-anne-minh-thu-quach">"Statement from Anne Minh-Thu Quach"</a>. Anne Minh-Thu Quach. New Democratic Party of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anneminhthuquach.ndp.ca/statement-from-anne-minh-thu-quach">the original</a> on September 11, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anne+Minh-Thu+Quach&rft.atitle=Statement+from+Anne+Minh-Thu+Quach&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.aulast=Quach&rft.aufirst=Anne+Minh-Thu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanneminhthuquach.ndp.ca%2Fstatement-from-anne-minh-thu-quach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813190110/https://www.bowenislandundercurrent.com/ndp-mp-christine-moore-decides-not-to-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.23848678">"NDP MP Christine Moore decides not to seek re-election this fall"</a>. Bowen Island Undercurrent. June 7, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bowenislandundercurrent.com/ndp-mp-christine-moore-decides-not-to-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.23848678">the original</a> on August 13, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bowen+Island+Undercurrent&rft.atitle=NDP+MP+Christine+Moore+decides+not+to+seek+re-election+this+fall&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowenislandundercurrent.com%2Fndp-mp-christine-moore-decides-not-to-seek-re-election-this-fall-1.23848678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2019" class="citation web cs1">Aiello, Rachel (February 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/ndp-mp-murray-rankin-not-running-in-2019-1.4317039">"NDP MP Murray Rankin not running in 2019"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202822/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/ndp-mp-murray-rankin-not-running-in-2019-1.4317039">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=NDP+MP+Murray+Rankin+not+running+in+2019&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fndp-mp-murray-rankin-not-running-in-2019-1.4317039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRycekewaert2018" class="citation news cs1">Rycekewaert, Laura (July 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilltimes.com/2018/07/02/parties-busy-laying-groundwork-2019-election-summer-cpc-already-ahead/149750">"Political parties busy laying groundwork this summer for 2019 election, Conservatives already ahead"</a>. The Hill Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202812/https://www.hilltimes.com/2018/07/02/parties-busy-laying-groundwork-2019-election-summer-cpc-already-ahead/149750">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2018. <q>NDP MPs Romeo Saganash (Abitibi-Baie-James-Nunavik-Eeyou, Que.) and Kennedy Stewart (Burnaby South, B.C.) have already announced they aren't running for re-election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Political+parties+busy+laying+groundwork+this+summer+for+2019+election%2C+Conservatives+already+ahead&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.aulast=Rycekewaert&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F02%2Fparties-busy-laying-groundwork-2019-election-summer-cpc-already-ahead%2F149750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/erin-weir-2019-election-1.5142928">"Regina MP Erin Weir won't run again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. May 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202744/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/erin-weir-2019-election-1.5142928">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regina+MP+Erin+Weir+won%27t+run+again&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsaskatchewan%2Ferin-weir-2019-election-1.5142928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen2019" class="citation news cs1">Breen, Kerri (March 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5015948/liberal-mp-celina-caesar-chavannes-reelection/">"Liberal MP Celina Caesar-Chavannes says she won't seek re-election"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202813/https://globalnews.ca/news/5015948/liberal-mp-celina-caesar-chavannes-reelection/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Liberal+MP+Celina+Caesar-Chavannes+says+she+won%27t+seek+re-election&rft.date=2019-03-02&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Kerri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5015948%2Fliberal-mp-celina-caesar-chavannes-reelection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tony-clement-sexting-scandal-conservative-1.5081312">"Tony Clement confirms he's quitting federal politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. April 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202817/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tony-clement-sexting-scandal-conservative-1.5081312">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tony+Clement+confirms+he%27s+quitting+federal+politics&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftony-clement-sexting-scandal-conservative-1.5081312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2019" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Sidney (July 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/hunter-tootoo-election-1.5230253">"Nunavut MP Hunter Tootoo won't seek re-election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202815/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/hunter-tootoo-election-1.5230253">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nunavut+MP+Hunter+Tootoo+won%27t+seek+re-election&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorth%2Fhunter-tootoo-election-1.5230253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2016" class="citation news cs1">Levitz, Stephanie (March 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/03/23/jim-hillyer-albera-conservative-mp-dies-at-age-41.html">"Alberta Conservative MP Jim Hillyer dies at age 41"</a>. Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202815/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/03/23/jim-hillyer-albera-conservative-mp-dies-at-age-41.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Alberta+Conservative+MP+Jim+Hillyer+dies+at+age+41&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2016%2F03%2F23%2Fjim-hillyer-albera-conservative-mp-dies-at-age-41.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2016" class="citation news cs1">Bell, David (October 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/medicine-hat-byelection-1.3819924">"Conservative Glen Motz thanks Trudeau after winning Medicine Hat-Cardston-Warner byelection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202809/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/medicine-hat-byelection-1.3819924">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Conservative+Glen+Motz+thanks+Trudeau+after+winning+Medicine+Hat-Cardston-Warner+byelection&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcalgary%2Fmedicine-hat-byelection-1.3819924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/hunter-tootoo-resigns-1.3609915">"Hunter Tootoo resigns as fisheries minister, leaves Liberal caucus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. May 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202818/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/hunter-tootoo-resigns-1.3609915">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hunter+Tootoo+resigns+as+fisheries+minister%2C+leaves+Liberal+caucus&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorth%2Fhunter-tootoo-resigns-1.3609915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberal-mp-mauril-belanger-dies-at-61-1.3031730">"Liberal MP Mauril Bélanger dies at 61"</a>. CTV News. August 16, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202746/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/liberal-mp-mauril-belanger-dies-at-61-1.3031730">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Liberal+MP+Mauril+B%C3%A9langer+dies+at+61&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fliberal-mp-mauril-belanger-dies-at-61-1.3031730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2016" class="citation news cs1">Levitz, Stephanie (August 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harper-quits-seat-1.3736732">"Stephen Harper gives up House of Commons seat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202810/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harper-quits-seat-1.3736732">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stephen+Harper+gives+up+House+of+Commons+seat&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fharper-quits-seat-1.3736732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/jason-kenney-to-resign-federal-seat-next-week-1.3760314">"Jason Kenney to resign federal seat next week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 13, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108113537/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/jason-kenney-to-resign-federal-seat-next-week-1.3760314">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jason+Kenney+to+resign+federal+seat+next+week&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fedmonton%2Fjason-kenney-to-resign-federal-seat-next-week-1.3760314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimonjic2017" class="citation news cs1">Zimonjic, Peter (January 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/dion-mccallum-china-ambassador-1.3960087">"Stéphane Dion accepts role as ambassador to EU and Germany, as he and John McCallum depart House"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404120205/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/dion-mccallum-china-ambassador-1.3960087">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=St%C3%A9phane+Dion+accepts+role+as+ambassador+to+EU+and+Germany%2C+as+he+and+John+McCallum+depart+House&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft.aulast=Zimonjic&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fdion-mccallum-china-ambassador-1.3960087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ambrose-resigns-conservative-mp-1.4189818">"Rona Ambrose formally resigns as Conservative MP after serving for 13 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. The Canadian Press. July 4, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202813/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ambrose-resigns-conservative-mp-1.4189818">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved March 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toronto-area+Liberal+MP+Arnold+Chan+dies+at+50&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.aulast=Wherry&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farnold-chan-death-1.4289409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/four-federal-byelections-across-canada-to-be-held-in-december/article36837822/?ref=https://www.theglobeandmail.com&">"Four federal by-elections across Canada to be held in December"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. The Canadian Press. 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The Telegram. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/2017/9/27/hon--judy-foote-to-step-down-as-member-of-parliament-sept--30.html">the original</a> on September 30, 2017. 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Retrieved March 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NDP+Leader+Jagmeet+Singh+claims+victory+in+Burnaby+South+byelection&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.aulast=Zimonjic&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbyelections-burnaby-south-york-simcoe-outremont-1.5033259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BernierCBC2018-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BernierCBC2018_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BernierCBC2018_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunney2018" class="citation news cs1">Tunney, Catharine (August 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-statement-conserative-1.4795894">"MP Maxime Bernier quits Conservative Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202806/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-statement-conserative-1.4795894">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved May 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kennedy+Stewart+confirms+he+will+run+for+mayor+of+Vancouver+as+independent&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Laanela&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fkennedy-stewart-running-for-vancouver-mayor-1.4657199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlleslevCBC-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlleslevCBC_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlleslevCBC_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2018" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (September 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-floor-crosser-leona-alleslev-1.4826567">"Toronto-area Liberal MP Leona Alleslev crosses the floor to join Conservatives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202832/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberal-floor-crosser-leona-alleslev-1.4826567">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toronto-area+Liberal+MP+Leona+Alleslev+crosses+the+floor+to+join+Conservatives&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fliberal-floor-crosser-leona-alleslev-1.4826567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Loan-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Loan_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/07/29/peter-van-loan-former-house-leader-under-stephen-harper-retiring.html">"Peter Van Loan, former House Leader under Stephen Harper, retiring"</a>. Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. 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Retrieved November 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=iPolitics&rft.atitle=Scheer+boots+Clement+from+Tory+caucus+over+sexually+explicit+images&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft.aulast=Desmarais&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipolitics.ca%2F2018%2F11%2F07%2Ftony-clement-to-remain-in-conservative-caucus-scheer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-grewal-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grewal_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-grewal_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/RajLiberal/videos/940103676182767/">"Raj Grewal"</a>. 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MP Sheila Malcolmson to leave federal NDP to seek provincial seat, but timing not clear"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202848/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/malcolmson-ndp-nanaimo-bc-1.4875932">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved March 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Long-absent+Liberal+MP+Nicola+Di+Iorio+resigns&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Flong-absent-liberal-mp-nicola-di-iorio-resigns-1.4273578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brison-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brison_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brison_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2019" class="citation news cs1">Connolly, Amanda (February 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4931809/scott-brison-resigns-mp-kings-hants/">"Former Liberal cabinet minister Scott Brison stepping down as MP effective next week"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/25447?name=Ambrose,-Rona-(Hon)">the original</a> on August 3, 2019. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/88446?name=Lemieux,-Denis">the original</a> on August 3, 2019. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/26684?name=Mulcair,-Thomas-(Hon)">the original</a> on August 3, 2019. 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September 14, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202906/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-peoples-party-canada-1.4823647">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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It's been a great honour to serve my constituents for the last seven years. #ndp #vanpoli"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+promised%2C+I%27ve+submitted+my+resignation+letter.+I%27ll+continue+my+MP+duties+until+Sept+14+when+I+officially+file+as+a+%23Vancouver+mayoral+candidate.+It%27s+been+a+great+honour+to+serve+my+constituents+for+the+last+seven+years.+%23ndp+%23vanpoli&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Kennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fkennedystewart%2Fstatus%2F1025145722289569792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803021424/https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/25465?name=Van-Loan%2C-Peter-(Hon)">"The Honourable Peter Van Loan – Overview – House of Commons of Canada"</a>. ourcommons.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/25465?name=Van-Loan,-Peter-(Hon)">the original</a> on August 3, 2019. 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MP Mark Warawa dies after 'valiant battle' with cancer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202823/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/mark-warawa-dead-cancer-1.5182705">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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August 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803171318/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/long-time-conservative-mp-deepak-obhrai-has-died-at-age-69-1.5235730">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019. 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The Hamilton Spectator. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1189-9417">1189-9417</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202842/https://www.thespec.com/opinion/editorials/2019/10/17/editorial-liberals-are-the-best-if-imperfect-choice-this-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202828/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2019/10/16/liberals-are-the-best-choice-for-canada.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Liberals+are+the+best+choice+for+Canada&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.au=Star+Editorial+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2F2019%2F10%2F16%2Fliberals-are-the-best-choice-for-canada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Varsity_Editorial_Board2019" class="citation web cs1">The Varsity Editorial Board (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thevarsity.ca/2019/10/19/the-varsity-endorses-a-liberal-minority-government-with-an-ndp-green-balance-of-power/">"The Varsity endorses a Liberal minority government—with an NDP-Green balance of power"</a>. thevarsity.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202906/https://thevarsity.ca/2019/10/19/the-varsity-endorses-a-liberal-minority-government-with-an-ndp-green-balance-of-power/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Our+endorsement%3A+Best+choice+for+Canada+is+Andrew+Scheer&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Four-endorsement-best-choice-for-canada-is-andrew-scheer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/editorials/our-endorsement-best-choice-for-canada-is-andrew-scheer/wcm/c7f0aced-1dd7-4b22-8b12-d947c049828e">"Our endorsement: Best choice for Canada is Andrew Scheer"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. October 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202836/https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/editorials/our-endorsement-best-choice-for-canada-is-andrew-scheer/wcm/c7f0aced-1dd7-4b22-8b12-d947c049828e">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Our+endorsement%3A+Best+choice+for+Canada+is+Andrew+Scheer&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Four-endorsement-best-choice-for-canada-is-andrew-scheer%2Fwcm%2Fc7f0aced-1dd7-4b22-8b12-d947c049828e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-andrew-scheer-for-prime-minister">"EDITORIAL: Andrew Scheer for prime minister"</a>. Toronto Sun. October 20, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202851/https://torontosun.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-andrew-scheer-for-prime-minister">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=EDITORIAL%3A+Andrew+Scheer+for+prime+minister&rft.date=2019-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Feditorial-andrew-scheer-for-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStead2019" class="citation news cs1">Stead, Sylvia (October 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/public-editor/article-no-endorsement-during-this-federal-election-campaign-was-a-good-thing/">"Public editor: No endorsement during this federal election campaign was a good thing"</a>. 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Retrieved October 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Public+editor%3A+No+endorsement+during+this+federal+election+campaign+was+a+good+thing&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft.aulast=Stead&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpublic-editor%2Farticle-no-endorsement-during-this-federal-election-campaign-was-a-good-thing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaloney2019" class="citation web cs1">Maloney, Ryan (October 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/obama-trudeau-endorsement_ca_5da73ee9e4b02253a2fc47bf">"Obama Endorses Trudeau's Liberals For Re-Election"</a>. 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September 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706203049/https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/jason-kenney-mlas-encouraged-to-stump-for-scheer-on-own-time-and-dime-1.4589374">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Most provincial leaders mum on federal campaign"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706203042/https://election.ctvnews.ca/where-are-the-premiers-most-provincial-leaders-mum-on-federal-campaign-1.4599334">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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The Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706203034/https://www.thestar.com/vancouver/2019/09/28/rupi-kaur-officially-endorses-federal-ndp-leader-jagmeet-singh.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Rupi+Kaur+officially+endorses+federal+NDP+leader+Jagmeet+Singh&rft.date=2019-09-28&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com%2Fvancouver%2F2019%2F09%2F28%2Frupi-kaur-officially-endorses-federal-ndp-leader-jagmeet-singh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/alberta-opposition-leader-notley-says-she-will-vote-ndp-in-federal-election-1.4645089">"Alberta Opposition leader Notley says she will vote NDP in federal election"</a>. CTV News. The Canadian Press. 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Retrieved October 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Alberta+Opposition+leader+Notley+says+she+will+vote+NDP+in+federal+election&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Falberta-opposition-leader-notley-says-she-will-vote-ndp-in-federal-election-1.4645089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWab_Kinew2019" class="citation web cs1">Wab Kinew [@WabKinew] (October 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/WabKinew/status/1186282478002233345">"I'm proud to live in a country where @jagmeetsingh is running for Prime Minister"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=CAQ+MNAs+not+allowed+to+take+sides+in+federal+election%3A+Quebec+premier&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Authier&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fquebec%2Fcaq-mnas-not-allowed-to-take-sides-in-federal-election-quebec-premier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarmington2019" class="citation news cs1">Warmington, Joe (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/warmington-hurricane-hazel-blows-off-trudeau">"WARMINGTON: Hurricane Hazel blows off Trudeau"</a>. 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Retrieved October 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=WARMINGTON%3A+Hurricane+Hazel+blows+off+Trudeau&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Warmington&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fwarmington-hurricane-hazel-blows-off-trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRider2019" class="citation web cs1">Rider, David (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestar.com/news/gta/2019/10/17/john-tory-sees-shortcomings-in-andrew-scheers-policies-for-cities.html">"John Tory sees 'shortcomings' in Andrew Scheer's policies for cities"</a>. 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Retrieved October 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=Le+NPD+tourne+ses+attaques+vers+le+Bloc&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Felections-federales%2F201910%2F15%2F01-5245496-le-npd-tourne-ses-attaques-vers-le-bloc.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalnewswatch.com/2019/08/26/federal-liberals-launch-choose-forward-as-election-campaign-slogan-3/#.XWQFb-hKiUk">"Federal Liberals launch 'Choose Forward' as election campaign slogan"</a>. 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=Le+Parti+lib%C3%A9ral+d%C3%A9voile+son+slogan&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Factualites%2Fpolitique%2F201908%2F26%2F01-5238706-le-parti-liberal-devoile-son-slogan.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1284296/bloc-quebecois-slogan-electoral-blanchet-campagne-2019">"" Le Québec, c'est nous " : le Bloc dévoile son slogan électoral | Élections Canada 2019"</a> (in Canadian French). CBC/Radio-Canada. 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La Presse (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706203553/https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/2019-09-20/le-parti-vert-ne-veut-pas-exploiter-le-petrole-des-sables-bitumineux">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+wears+protective+vest+after+security+concern+delays+Liberal+rally+in+Toronto&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft.aulast=Berthiaume&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6026732%2Ftrudeau-security-vest-rally-toronto-concern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slaughter-2019-253">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slaughter-2019_253-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slaughter-2019_253-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaughter2019" class="citation web cs1">Slaughter, Graham (October 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-appeared-at-rally-in-bulletproof-vest-amid-security-concern-1.4636483">"Trudeau appeared at rally in bulletproof vest amid security concern"</a>. 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Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau+vows+campaign+won%27t+change+course+after+threat+forced+him+to+wear+bulletproof+vest&rft.date=2019-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftrudeau-scheer-singh-security-threat-bulletproof-vest-1.5319859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlen_McGregor2019" class="citation web cs1">Glen McGregor [@glen_mcgregor] (October 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/glen_mcgregor/status/1183476752514985989">"These guys are RCMP ERT officers. They are *not* CF Rangers, although the logo on their shirts is similar"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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Toronto Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804063617/https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/goldstein-scheer-and-conservatives-running-scared">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2019. 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BayToday.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205554/https://www.baytoday.ca/local-news/rota-reacts-to-king-controversy-1597848">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BayToday.ca&rft.atitle=Rota+reacts+to+King+controversy&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baytoday.ca%2Flocal-news%2Frota-reacts-to-king-controversy-1597848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-candidate-winnipeg-north-ogilvie-1.5281797">"Winnipeg Conservative candidate steps down due to 'discriminatory' social media posts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205549/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-candidate-winnipeg-north-ogilvie-1.5281797">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winnipeg+Conservative+candidate+steps+down+due+to+%27discriminatory%27+social+media+posts&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative-candidate-winnipeg-north-ogilvie-1.5281797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawa2019" class="citation news cs1">Hasegawa, Regan (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bc.ctvnews.ca/conservatives-drop-burnaby-candidate-after-transphobic-comments-1.4624842">"Conservatives drop Burnaby candidate after transphobic comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a>. Vancouver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205601/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/conservatives-drop-burnaby-candidate-after-transphobic-comments-1.4624842">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Conservatives+drop+Burnaby+candidate+after+transphobic+comments&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Regan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbc.ctvnews.ca%2Fconservatives-drop-burnaby-candidate-after-transphobic-comments-1.4624842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker-2019-277">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baker-2019_277-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker-2019_277-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker-2019_277-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2019" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Rafferty (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/heather-leung-campaign-media-strategy-1.5308429">"Conservatives eject B.C. candidate over 'offensive' comments"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205616/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/heather-leung-campaign-media-strategy-1.5308429">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservatives+eject+B.C.+candidate+over+%27offensive%27+comments&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Rafferty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fheather-leung-campaign-media-strategy-1.5308429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalimah_Shivji2019" class="citation web cs1">Salimah Shivji [@salimah_shivji] (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/salimah_shivji/status/1180287006179504128">"The CPC has dumped its candidate in Burnaby-North Seymour, after video surfaced showing homophobic comments. The deadline for naming candidates has passed and so, her name will still be on the ballot. It's a riding that's very much up for grabs. #cdnpoli #elxn43 Statement: https://t.co/vuarGOHrdq"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CPC+has+dumped+its+candidate+in+Burnaby-North+Seymour%2C+after+video+surfaced+showing+homophobic+comments.+The+deadline+for+naming+candidates+has+passed+and+so%2C+her+name+will+still+be+on+the+ballot.+It%27s+a+riding+that%27s+very+much+up+for+grabs.+%23cdnpoli+%23elxn43+Statement%3A+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2FvuarGOHrdq&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.au=Salimah+Shivji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fsalimah_shivji%2Fstatus%2F1180287006179504128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlen_McGregor2019" class="citation web cs1">Glen McGregor [@glen_mcgregor] (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/glen_mcgregor/status/1180291418402758656">"Leung's name and Conservative party affiliation will remain on the printed ballots because we're past the Elections Canada deadline to change, but if she were to win, she wouldn't sit in the party's caucus"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leung%27s+name+and+Conservative+party+affiliation+will+remain+on+the+printed+ballots+because+we%27re+past+the+Elections+Canada+deadline+to+change%2C+but+if+she+were+to+win%2C+she+wouldn%27t+sit+in+the+party%27s+caucus.&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.au=Glen+McGregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fglen_mcgregor%2Fstatus%2F1180291418402758656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Cochrane2019" class="citation web cs1">David Cochrane [@DavidWCochrane] (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/DavidWCochrane/status/1180286926621941760">"One point with this statement. Leung has made many controversial statements about LGBTQ people in the past. This would not have been the first the CPC would have heard about this. She was a known commodity when she was nominated"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+point+with+this+statement.+Leung+has+made+many+controversial+statements+about+LGBTQ+people+in+the+past.+This+would+not+have+been+the+first+the+CPC+would+have+heard+about+this.+She+was+a+known+commodity+when+she+was+nominated.&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.au=David+Cochrane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FDavidWCochrane%2Fstatus%2F1180286926621941760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green-2019-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Green-2019_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green-2019_281-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2019" class="citation web cs1">Green, Melanie (May 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/vancouver/2019/05/26/anti-abortion-anti-sogi-conservative-candidate-confirmed-for-riding-where-trans-mountain-pipeline-ends.html">"Anti-abortion, anti-SOGI Conservative candidate confirmed for riding where Trans Mountain pipeline ends"</a>. Toronto Star. Vancouver. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205603/https://www.thestar.com/vancouver/2019/05/26/anti-abortion-anti-sogi-conservative-candidate-confirmed-for-riding-where-trans-mountain-pipeline-ends.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Anti-abortion%2C+anti-SOGI+Conservative+candidate+confirmed+for+riding+where+Trans+Mountain+pipeline+ends&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fvancouver%2F2019%2F05%2F26%2Fanti-abortion-anti-sogi-conservative-candidate-confirmed-for-riding-where-trans-mountain-pipeline-ends.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raj-2019a-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raj-2019a_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raj-2019a_282-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2019" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Althia (September 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/burnaby-north-seymour-svend-robinson-terry-beech_ca_5d8294cbe4b0957256b09ecb">"Pipeline Politics Are Personal at Ground Zero of Trans Mountain"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205603/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/burnaby-north-seymour-svend-robinson-terry-beech_ca_5d8294cbe4b0957256b09ecb">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Pipeline+Politics+Are+Personal+at+Ground+Zero+of+Trans+Mountain&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Fburnaby-north-seymour-svend-robinson-terry-beech_ca_5d8294cbe4b0957256b09ecb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawley2019" class="citation web cs1">Gawley, Kelvin (September 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.burnabynow.com/news/burnaby-conservative-unreachable-after-months-of-interview-requests-1.23947965">"Burnaby Conservative unreachable after months of interview requests"</a>. Burnaby Now. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205620/https://www.burnabynow.com/local-news/burnaby-conservative-unreachable-after-months-of-interview-requests-3107212">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Burnaby+Now&rft.atitle=Burnaby+Conservative+unreachable+after+months+of+interview+requests&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Gawley&rft.aufirst=Kelvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.burnabynow.com%2Fnews%2Fburnaby-conservative-unreachable-after-months-of-interview-requests-1.23947965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoynton2019" class="citation web cs1">Boynton, Sean (October 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6019161/heather-leung-ex-conservative-candidate/">"Ex-Conservative B.C. candidate won't apologize for anti-LGBTQ2 comments caught on video"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205600/https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/css/critical-mobile.css?m=1625604668g">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Conservative+B.C.+candidate+won%27t+apologize+for+anti-LGBTQ2+comments+caught+on+video&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6019161%2Fheather-leung-ex-conservative-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon2019" class="citation web cs1">Dillon, Moya (July 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/9494514-pickering-uxbridge-conservatives-split-over-federal-nomination/">"Pickering-Uxbridge Conservatives split over federal nomination"</a>. DurhamRegion.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706205606/https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/9494514-pickering-uxbridge-conservatives-split-over-federal-nomination/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DurhamRegion.com&rft.atitle=Pickering-Uxbridge+Conservatives+split+over+federal+nomination&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Moya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.durhamregion.com%2Fnews-story%2F9494514-pickering-uxbridge-conservatives-split-over-federal-nomination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana2019" class="citation web cs1">Rana, Abbas (March 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/03/25/disappointed-former-ontario-conservative-mp-chisu-leaves-party-will-run-as-a-peoples-party-candidate-in-the-upcoming-election/193688">"Former Ontario Conservative MP Chisu to run as a People's Party candidate in upcoming election"</a>. The Hill Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114185110/https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/03/25/disappointed-former-ontario-conservative-mp-chisu-leaves-party-will-run-as-a-peoples-party-candidate-in-the-upcoming-election/193688">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Former+Ontario+Conservative+MP+Chisu+to+run+as+a+People%27s+Party+candidate+in+upcoming+election&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Abbas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2F2019%2F03%2F25%2Fdisappointed-former-ontario-conservative-mp-chisu-leaves-party-will-run-as-a-peoples-party-candidate-in-the-upcoming-election%2F193688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwell2019" class="citation news cs1">Blackwell, Tom (July 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/the-ontario-pcs-rejected-her-over-her-tweets-about-islam-but-ghada-melek-is-now-a-federal-conservative-candidate">"Her run for the Ontario PCs ended after she tweeted about Islam, but Ghada Melek is now a federal Conservative candidate"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809032305/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/the-ontario-pcs-rejected-her-over-her-tweets-about-islam-but-ghada-melek-is-now-a-federal-conservative-candidate">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Her+run+for+the+Ontario+PCs+ended+after+she+tweeted+about+Islam%2C+but+Ghada+Melek+is+now+a+federal+Conservative+candidate&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fthe-ontario-pcs-rejected-her-over-her-tweets-about-islam-but-ghada-melek-is-now-a-federal-conservative-candidate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeri2019" class="citation web cs1">Keri, Been (August 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5721380/ghada-melek-conservative-candidate/">"Muslim group calls on Conservative candidate to step down over social media posts"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226022213/https://globalnews.ca/news/5721380/ghada-melek-conservative-candidate/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Muslim+group+calls+on+Conservative+candidate+to+step+down+over+social+media+posts&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.aulast=Keri&rft.aufirst=Been&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5721380%2Fghada-melek-conservative-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornwell2019" class="citation web cs1">Cornwell, Steve (September 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bramptonguardian.com/news-story/9595526-scheer-on-the-defensive-over-past-anti-lgbtq-posts-by-mississauga-and-brampton-conservative-candidates/">"Scheer on the defensive over past anti-LGBTQ posts by Mississauga and Brampton Conservative candidates"</a>. bramptonguardian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210018/https://www.bramptonguardian.com/news-story/9595526-scheer-on-the-defensive-over-past-anti-lgbtq-posts-by-mississauga-and-brampton-conservative-candidates/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bramptonguardian.com&rft.atitle=Scheer+on+the+defensive+over+past+anti-LGBTQ+posts+by+Mississauga+and+Brampton+Conservative+candidates&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Cornwell&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bramptonguardian.com%2Fnews-story%2F9595526-scheer-on-the-defensive-over-past-anti-lgbtq-posts-by-mississauga-and-brampton-conservative-candidates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2019" class="citation web cs1">Aiello, Rachel (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/tory-candidate-scheer-defended-deemed-extremely-controversial-and-problematic-in-2016-vetting-report-1.4593683">"Tory candidate Scheer defended deemed 'extremely controversial and problematic' in 2016 vetting report"</a>. ctvnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210041/https://election.ctvnews.ca/tory-candidate-scheer-defended-deemed-extremely-controversial-and-problematic-in-2016-vetting-report-1.4593683">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctvnews&rft.atitle=Tory+candidate+Scheer+defended+deemed+%27extremely+controversial+and+problematic%27+in+2016+vetting+report&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Ftory-candidate-scheer-defended-deemed-extremely-controversial-and-problematic-in-2016-vetting-report-1.4593683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmar_Sachedina2019" class="citation web cs1">Omar Sachedina [@omarsachedina] (September 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/omarsachedina/status/1173094932879265793">"I asked Scheer about this story by colleagues @glen_mcgregor and @rachaiello 👇🏼 – He stands by Ghada Malek – Says she has accepted responsibility – Doesn't see an issue with vetting procedures even though Ontario PCs red-flagged her https://t.co/jw43Kcm7go"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved February 6, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+asked+Scheer+about+this+story+by+colleagues+%40glen_mcgregor+and+%40rachaiello+%F0%9F%91%87%F0%9F%8F%BC+%E2%80%93+He+stands+by+Ghada+Malek+%E2%80%93+Says+she+has+accepted+responsibility+%E2%80%93+Doesn%27t+see+an+issue+with+vetting+procedures+even+though+Ontario+PCs+red-flagged+her+https%3A%2F%2Ft.co%2Fjw43Kcm7go&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.au=Omar+Sachedina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fomarsachedina%2Fstatus%2F1173094932879265793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutilier2019" class="citation web cs1">Boutilier, Alex (August 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/08/22/andrew-scheer-said-gay-couples-lack-inherent-quality-of-marriage-in-tape-of-2005-speech-unearthed-by-liberals.html">"Andrew Scheer urged to end 'boycott' of gay pride events after 2005 speech on same-sex marriage comes to light"</a>. Toronto Star. Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210038/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/08/22/andrew-scheer-said-gay-couples-lack-inherent-quality-of-marriage-in-tape-of-2005-speech-unearthed-by-liberals.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer+urged+to+end+%27boycott%27+of+gay+pride+events+after+2005+speech+on+same-sex+marriage+comes+to+light&rft.date=2019-08-22&rft.aulast=Boutilier&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2F2019%2F08%2F22%2Fandrew-scheer-said-gay-couples-lack-inherent-quality-of-marriage-in-tape-of-2005-speech-unearthed-by-liberals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (August 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-social-controversy-conservative-1.5264360">"Scheer accuses Trudeau of whipping up divisive social issues to distract from scandals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210044/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-social-controversy-conservative-1.5264360">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scheer+accuses+Trudeau+of+whipping+up+divisive+social+issues+to+distract+from+scandals&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fandrew-scheer-social-controversy-conservative-1.5264360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeitel2019" class="citation web cs1">Teitel, Emma (August 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2019/08/31/on-the-subject-of-gay-marriage-why-cant-andrew-scheer-show-a-little-humanity.html">"On the subject of gay marriage, why can't Andrew Scheer show a little humanity?"</a>. Toronto Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913220753/https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2019/08/31/on-the-subject-of-gay-marriage-why-cant-andrew-scheer-show-a-little-humanity.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=On+the+subject+of+gay+marriage%2C+why+can%27t+Andrew+Scheer+show+a+little+humanity%3F&rft.date=2019-08-31&rft.aulast=Teitel&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fopinion%2Fstar-columnists%2F2019%2F08%2F31%2Fon-the-subject-of-gay-marriage-why-cant-andrew-scheer-show-a-little-humanity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaez2019" class="citation web cs1">Paez, Beatrice (September 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/09/04/scheers-ambiguous-positioning-on-abortion-gay-rights-a-ripe-way-to-lose-red-tories-say-politicos/213397">"Scheer's ambiguous positioning on abortion, gay rights a ripe way to lose Red Tories, say politicos"</a>. The Hill Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210233/https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/09/04/scheers-ambiguous-positioning-on-abortion-gay-rights-a-ripe-way-to-lose-red-tories-say-politicos/213397">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Scheer%27s+ambiguous+positioning+on+abortion%2C+gay+rights+a+ripe+way+to+lose+Red+Tories%2C+say+politicos&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Paez&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F04%2Fscheers-ambiguous-positioning-on-abortion-gay-rights-a-ripe-way-to-lose-red-tories-say-politicos%2F213397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2019" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CBCKatie/status/1173299506064035847">"Asked Scheer if he needs to apologize for comments in made in 2005 on same sex marriage, given the framework he's set out for candidates and their past controversial comments. He does not apologize"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved September 15, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asked+Scheer+if+he+needs+to+apologize+for+comments+in+made+in+2005+on+same+sex+marriage%2C+given+the+framework+he%27s+set+out+for+candidates+and+their+past+controversial+comments.+He+does+not+apologize.&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FCBCKatie%2Fstatus%2F1173299506064035847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2019" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Althia [@althiaraj] (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/althiaraj/status/1175025181116514304">"Scheer says Trudeau is not living up to his own standard. Scheer twice sidesteps questions about whether he is sorry he compared same-sex marriage to a dog's tail. Actually, that is three times"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved September 20, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scheer+says+Trudeau+is+not+living+up+to+his+own+standard.+Scheer+twice+sidesteps+questions+about+whether+he+is+sorry+he+compared+same-sex+marriage+to+a+dog%27s+tail.+Actually%2C+that+is+three+times.&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Falthiaraj%2Fstatus%2F1175025181116514304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2019" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CBCKatie/status/1174708641758359553">"Scheer is asked if he should apologize for his same sex marriage speech in 2005. He doesn't. Says the conversation today is about Trudeau. This is the second time specifically he's been asked if he wants to apologize during the campaign"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved September 20, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scheer+is+asked+if+he+should+apologize+for+his+same+sex+marriage+speech+in+2005.+He+doesn%27t.+Says+the+conversation+today+is+about+Trudeau.+This+is+the+second+time+specifically+he%27s+been+asked+if+he+wants+to+apologize+during+the+campaign.&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FCBCKatie%2Fstatus%2F1174708641758359553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raj-2019-299">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raj-2019_299-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raj-2019_299-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2019" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Althia (September 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/andrew-scheer-pride-climate_ca_5d9208c8e4b0ac3cddac1a01">"Scheer Defends Climate Plan, Says He Won't Walk in Pride Parades As PM"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210305/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/andrew-scheer-pride-climate_ca_5d9208c8e4b0ac3cddac1a01">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Scheer+Defends+Climate+Plan%2C+Says+He+Won%27t+Walk+in+Pride+Parades+As+PM&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Fandrew-scheer-pride-climate_ca_5d9208c8e4b0ac3cddac1a01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2019" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Althia (August 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/alain-rayes-scheer-abortion_ca_5d646465e4b0641b2551c23d">"Scheer's Top Quebec MP Admits To Giving The Wrong Impression on Abortion"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210232/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/alain-rayes-scheer-abortion_ca_5d646465e4b0641b2551c23d">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Scheer%27s+Top+Quebec+MP+Admits+To+Giving+The+Wrong+Impression+on+Abortion&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Falain-rayes-scheer-abortion_ca_5d646465e4b0641b2551c23d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWherry2019" class="citation news cs1">Wherry, Aaron (August 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-abortion-same-sex-marriage-lgbtq-gay-lesbian-1.5264601">"Scheer tried to douse a debate on abortion, same-sex marriage—and muddied the waters even more"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210235/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-abortion-same-sex-marriage-lgbtq-gay-lesbian-1.5264601">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scheer+tried+to+douse+a+debate+on+abortion%2C+same-sex+marriage%E2%80%94and+muddied+the+waters+even+more&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=Wherry&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-abortion-same-sex-marriage-lgbtq-gay-lesbian-1.5264601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (August 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-social-policy-raitt-abortion-1.5265837?__vfz=medium%3Dsharebar">"Scheer faces backlash from national anti-abortion group over mixed messaging"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210223/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservatives-social-policy-raitt-abortion-1.5265837?__vfz=medium%3Dsharebar">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scheer+faces+backlash+from+national+anti-abortion+group+over+mixed+messaging&rft.date=2019-08-31&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fconservatives-social-policy-raitt-abortion-1.5265837%3F__vfz%3Dmedium%253Dsharebar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellavance2019" class="citation news cs1">Bellavance, Joël-Denis (August 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/201908/30/01-5239314-avortement-andrew-scheer-sengage-a-voter-contre-tout-projet-de-loi.php">"Avortement: Andrew Scheer s'engage à voter contre tout projet de loi"</a>. LaPresse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210309/https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/2019-08-30/avortement-andrew-scheer-s-engage-a-voter-contre-tout-projet-de-loi">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LaPresse&rft.atitle=Avortement%3A+Andrew+Scheer+s%27engage+%C3%A0+voter+contre+tout+projet+de+loi&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=Bellavance&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl-Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Factualites%2Fpolitique%2F201908%2F30%2F01-5239314-avortement-andrew-scheer-sengage-a-voter-contre-tout-projet-de-loi.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Joanna (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-says-he-is-personally-against-abortion-but-would-not-reopen-debate-1.4622797">"Scheer says he is personally against abortion, but would not reopen debate"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210253/https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-says-he-is-personally-against-abortion-but-would-not-reopen-debate-1.4622797">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Scheer+says+he+is+personally+against+abortion%2C+but+would+not+reopen+debate&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fscheer-says-he-is-personally-against-abortion-but-would-not-reopen-debate-1.4622797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquis2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marquis, Melanie (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/201910/03/01-5243903-andrew-scheer-je-suis-personnellement-pro-vie.php">"Andrew Scheer: 'Je suis personnellement pro-vie'"</a>. La Presse (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210223/https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/2019-10-03/andrew-scheer-je-suis-personnellement-pro-vie">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer%3A+%27Je+suis+personnellement+pro-vie%27&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Marquis&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Felections-federales%2F201910%2F03%2F01-5243903-andrew-scheer-je-suis-personnellement-pro-vie.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaloney2019" class="citation web cs1">Maloney, Ryan (September 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/andrew-scheer-rachel-willson-abortion-rights_ca_5d7a6802e4b0fc7153436c14">"Scheer Blasts Liberals For Sharing Video Targeting Anti-Abortion Candidate"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210234/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/andrew-scheer-rachel-willson-abortion-rights_ca_5d7a6802e4b0fc7153436c14">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Scheer+Blasts+Liberals+For+Sharing+Video+Targeting+Anti-Abortion+Candidate&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Maloney&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Fandrew-scheer-rachel-willson-abortion-rights_ca_5d7a6802e4b0fc7153436c14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBimman2019" class="citation web cs1">Bimman, Abigail [@AbigailBimman] (September 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AbigailBimman/status/1172160496570699778">"Conservative candidate @rachelbwillson was asked several times if she would introduce abortion legislation. She wouldn't answer. She said she's focused on issues she's hearing about at the door & didn't list abortion as one of them. #yorkcentre #elxn43 #cdnpolipic.twitter.com/fxkvYcLASn"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved September 14, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conservative+candidate+%40rachelbwillson+was+asked+several+times+if+she+would+introduce+abortion+legislation.+She+wouldn%27t+answer.+She+said+she%27s+focused+on+issues+she%27s+hearing+about+at+the+door+%26+didn%27t+list+abortion+as+one+of+them.+%23yorkcentre+%23elxn43+%23cdnpolipic.twitter.com%2FfxkvYcLASn&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Bimman&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FAbigailBimman%2Fstatus%2F1172160496570699778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OttCit20190913-308">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OttCit20190913_308-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OttCit20190913_308-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Joanna (September 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/leaders-link-up-with-their-political-families-for-day-3-of-federal-campaign/wcm/899931a3-e0bf-475a-811e-fe445fe63faa">"Party leaders contend with posts and past lives from candidates in campaign"</a>. Ottawa Citizen. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210310/https://ottawacitizen.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/leaders-link-up-with-their-political-families-for-day-3-of-federal-campaign/wcm/899931a3-e0bf-475a-811e-fe445fe63faa">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Party+leaders+contend+with+posts+and+past+lives+from+candidates+in+campaign&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2Fpmn%2Fnews-pmn%2Fcanada-news-pmn%2Fleaders-link-up-with-their-political-families-for-day-3-of-federal-campaign%2Fwcm%2F899931a3-e0bf-475a-811e-fe445fe63faa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lum-2019-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lum-2019_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lum-2019_309-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLum2019" class="citation web cs1">Lum, Zi-Ann (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justina-mccaffrey-faith-goldy_ca_5d7cfbaee4b00d6905998f11?ncid=other_twitter_cooo9wqtham">"Faith Goldy Friendship Prompts Tory Candidate To Bail From Scheer Event"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210222/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justina-mccaffrey-faith-goldy_ca_5d7cfbaee4b00d6905998f11?ncid=other_twitter_cooo9wqtham">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Faith+Goldy+Friendship+Prompts+Tory+Candidate+To+Bail+From+Scheer+Event&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Lum&rft.aufirst=Zi-Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Fjustina-mccaffrey-faith-goldy_ca_5d7cfbaee4b00d6905998f11%3Fncid%3Dother_twitter_cooo9wqtham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2019" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Katie [@CBCKatie] (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CBCKatie/status/1172922182772678657">"We tried to ask Justina McCaffrey a question, but bolted in the middle of the event. She sped off in a car, refusing to answer reporter questions. We asked her if she would take a question. And the people around her said she has to go door knocking. We have it on tape"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved September 14, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+tried+to+ask+Justina+McCaffrey+a+question%2C+but+bolted+in+the+middle+of+the+event.+She+sped+off+in+a+car%2C+refusing+to+answer+reporter+questions.+We+asked+her+if+she+would+take+a+question.+And+the+people+around+her+said+she+has+to+go+door+knocking.+We+have+it+on+tape.&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FCBCKatie%2Fstatus%2F1172922182772678657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabson2019" class="citation web cs1">Rabson, Mia (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/andrew-scheer-on-defensive-as-liberals-raise-questions-about-justina-mccaffrey-1.4593441">"Andrew Scheer on defensive as Liberals raise questions about Justina McCaffrey"</a>. Federal Election 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210232/https://election.ctvnews.ca/andrew-scheer-on-defensive-as-liberals-raise-questions-about-justina-mccaffrey-1.4593441">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Election+2019&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer+on+defensive+as+Liberals+raise+questions+about+Justina+McCaffrey&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Rabson&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fandrew-scheer-on-defensive-as-liberals-raise-questions-about-justina-mccaffrey-1.4593441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabson2019" class="citation web cs1">Rabson, Mia (September 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5903589/liberals-andrew-scheer-candidate/">"Liberals trying to distract by tweeting 2013 video of candidate with Faith Goldy: Scheer – National"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210225/https://globalnews.ca/_static/?%3F-eJx9jksKAjEQRC9k0ioamYV4lkzSaDQ%2FUh3E25sBFyrisqDeq6J7Va5k4SyUuqqxn0MGXVmqdTc16R2l4ntkUONohb2qBfKVtANW9FsFts1daNQhwdXGAPkAocF8WtQcy9iEPMacTiH%2F074%2FXEyvvCCndNyY7X5tJnMwT2WAUrI=">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Liberals+trying+to+distract+by+tweeting+2013+video+of+candidate+with+Faith+Goldy%3A+Scheer+%E2%80%93+National&rft.date=2019-09-14&rft.aulast=Rabson&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5903589%2Fliberals-andrew-scheer-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2019" class="citation web cs1">Moss, Neil (September 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/09/30/faith-goldy-flashed-hate-linked-hand-sign-in-2017-photo-with-tory-candidate-justina-mccaffrey/216821">"Faith Goldy flashed hate-linked hand sign in 2017 photo with Conservative candidate Justina McCaffrey"</a>. The Hill Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210313/https://www.hilltimes.com/2019/09/30/faith-goldy-flashed-hate-linked-hand-sign-in-2017-photo-with-tory-candidate-justina-mccaffrey/216821">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill+Times&rft.atitle=Faith+Goldy+flashed+hate-linked+hand+sign+in+2017+photo+with+Conservative+candidate+Justina+McCaffrey&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hilltimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F30%2Ffaith-goldy-flashed-hate-linked-hand-sign-in-2017-photo-with-tory-candidate-justina-mccaffrey%2F216821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrean2019" class="citation news cs1">Brean, Joseph (September 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/another-round-in-trudeau-drinks-case">"The Liberals are lying': Woman says she was with Trudeau and Faith Goldy when they had drinks"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210235/https://nationalpost.com/news/another-round-in-trudeau-drinks-case">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=The+Liberals+are+lying%27%3A+Woman+says+she+was+with+Trudeau+and+Faith+Goldy+when+they+had+drinks&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Brean&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fanother-round-in-trudeau-drinks-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLing2019" class="citation news cs1">Ling, Justin (September 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewalrus.ca/andrew-scheers-ties-to-rebel-media-are-now-impossible-to-deny/?gclid=CjwKCAjw8ZHsBRA6EiwA7hw_sQ_XyByi2uH1LLFK7Og0CGDEP0S7U0gW-ta0uAOjJhy1UXLTA3xDZhoCoH0QAvD_BwE">"Andrew Scheer's Ties to Rebel Media Are Now Impossible to Deny"</a>. The Walrus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210228/https://thewalrus.ca/andrew-scheers-ties-to-rebel-media-are-now-impossible-to-deny/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer%27s+Ties+to+Rebel+Media+Are+Now+Impossible+to+Deny&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Ling&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewalrus.ca%2Fandrew-scheers-ties-to-rebel-media-are-now-impossible-to-deny%2F%3Fgclid%3DCjwKCAjw8ZHsBRA6EiwA7hw_sQ_XyByi2uH1LLFK7Og0CGDEP0S7U0gW-ta0uAOjJhy1UXLTA3xDZhoCoH0QAvD_BwE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevesque2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Levesque, Catherine (October 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/201910/07/01-5244412-une-candidate-conservatrice-membre-de-lopus-dei.php">"Une candidate conservatrice membre de l'Opus Dei"</a>. La Presse (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210246/https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/2019-10-07/une-candidate-conservatrice-membre-de-l-opus-dei">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=Une+candidate+conservatrice+membre+de+l%27Opus+Dei&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft.aulast=Levesque&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Felections-federales%2F201910%2F07%2F01-5244412-une-candidate-conservatrice-membre-de-lopus-dei.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkRadwanski2019" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Campbell; Radwanski, Adam (September 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-andrew-scheer-a-work-in-progress-where-the-conservative-leader-comes/">"Andrew Scheer, a work in progress: Where the Conservative Leader comes from and how he really thinks"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210236/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-andrew-scheer-a-work-in-progress-where-the-conservative-leader-comes/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer%2C+a+work+in+progress%3A+Where+the+Conservative+Leader+comes+from+and+how+he+really+thinks&rft.date=2019-09-28&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Campbell&rft.au=Radwanski%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-andrew-scheer-a-work-in-progress-where-the-conservative-leader-comes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Scheel2019" class="citation news cs1">von Scheel, Elise (September 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-insurance-broker-accreditation-1.5302093">"Liberals ask for an investigation of Scheer's insurance industry credentials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210235/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-insurance-broker-accreditation-1.5302093">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liberals+ask+for+an+investigation+of+Scheer%27s+insurance+industry+credentials&rft.date=2019-09-29&rft.aulast=von+Scheel&rft.aufirst=Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fandrew-scheer-insurance-broker-accreditation-1.5302093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGregor-2019-319">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGregor-2019_319-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGregor-2019_319-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2019" class="citation news cs1">McGregor, Janyce (September 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-insurance-broker-monday-1.5303394">"Andrew Scheer's experience in the insurance industry: '6 or 7 months'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210239/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-insurance-broker-monday-1.5303394">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer%27s+experience+in+the+insurance+industry%3A+%276+or+7+months%27&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Janyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-insurance-broker-monday-1.5303394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1792338&cache=">"CTV QP: Was Andrew Scheer an insurance broker?"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210236/https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1792338&cache=">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=CTV+QP%3A+Was+Andrew+Scheer+an+insurance+broker%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fvideo%3FclipId%3D1792338%26cache%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5968537/scheer-insurance-broker-claim/">"Scheer accused of falsely claiming he was once an insurance broker in Saskatchewan"</a>. Global News. The Canadian Press. September 30, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210223/https://globalnews.ca/news/5968537/scheer-insurance-broker-claim/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Scheer+accused+of+falsely+claiming+he+was+once+an+insurance+broker+in+Saskatchewan&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5968537%2Fscheer-insurance-broker-claim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutilier2019" class="citation web cs1">Boutilier, Alex (October 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/01/andrew-scheer-completed-one-of-four-insurance-broker-courses-industry-association-says.html">"Andrew Scheer completed one of four insurance broker courses, industry association says"</a>. The Star. Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210247/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/01/andrew-scheer-completed-one-of-four-insurance-broker-courses-industry-association-says.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer+completed+one+of+four+insurance+broker+courses%2C+industry+association+says&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Boutilier&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Fandrew-scheer-completed-one-of-four-insurance-broker-courses-industry-association-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Charlie (October 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/news/1308486/saskatchewan-insurance-association-says-andrew-scheer-completed-one-course-pursuit">"Saskatchewan insurance association says Andrew Scheer completed one course in pursuit of becoming licensed agent"</a>. The Georgia Straight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210231/https://www.straight.com/news/1308486/saskatchewan-insurance-association-says-andrew-scheer-completed-one-course-pursuit">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Saskatchewan+insurance+association+says+Andrew+Scheer+completed+one+course+in+pursuit+of+becoming+licensed+agent&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Fnews%2F1308486%2Fsaskatchewan-insurance-association-says-andrew-scheer-completed-one-course-pursuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fife-2019-324">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fife-2019_324-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fife-2019_324-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFifeDickson2019" class="citation news cs1">Fife, Robert; Dickson, Janice (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-holds-dual-canadian-us-citizenship/">"Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer holds dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship, had attacked Michaëlle Jean on same issue"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210249/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-holds-dual-canadian-us-citizenship/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Conservative+Leader+Andrew+Scheer+holds+dual+Canadian-U.S.+citizenship%2C+had+attacked+Micha%C3%ABlle+Jean+on+same+issue&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Fife&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Dickson%2C+Janice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-holds-dual-canadian-us-citizenship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillies-2019-325">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gillies-2019_325-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gillies-2019_325-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gillies-2019_325-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillies2019" class="citation web cs1">Gillies, Rob (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/68225c658bda4eceab490dfa43b9223d">"Trudeau's main political rival has American citizenship"</a>. AP NEWS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210217/https://apnews.com/68225c658bda4eceab490dfa43b9223d">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Trudeau%27s+main+political+rival+has+American+citizenship&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Gillies&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F68225c658bda4eceab490dfa43b9223d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutilier2019" class="citation web cs1">Boutilier, Alex (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/03/conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-acknowledges-holding-us-citizenship.html">"Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer acknowledges holding U.S. citizenship"</a>. The Star. Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210226/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/03/conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-acknowledges-holding-us-citizenship.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Conservative+Leader+Andrew+Scheer+acknowledges+holding+U.S.+citizenship&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Boutilier&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2F2019%2F10%2F03%2Fconservative-leader-andrew-scheer-acknowledges-holding-us-citizenship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cousins-2019-327">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cousins-2019_327-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cousins-2019_327-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousins2019" class="citation web cs1">Cousins, Ben (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-on-his-dual-canadian-u-s-citizenship-i-ve-never-been-asked-about-it-1.4623024">"Scheer on his dual Canadian-U.S. citizenship: 'I've never been asked about it'"</a>. CTV News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210231/https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-on-his-dual-canadian-u-s-citizenship-i-ve-never-been-asked-about-it-1.4623024">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Scheer+on+his+dual+Canadian-U.S.+citizenship%3A+%27I%27ve+never+been+asked+about+it%27&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Cousins&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fscheer-on-his-dual-canadian-u-s-citizenship-i-ve-never-been-asked-about-it-1.4623024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-draft-us-selective-service-1.5309002">"Andrew Scheer is registered for selective service – the U.S. agency that runs the military draft"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210235/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-draft-us-selective-service-1.5309002">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer+is+registered+for+selective+service+%E2%80%93+the+U.S.+agency+that+runs+the+military+draft&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fandrew-scheer-draft-us-selective-service-1.5309002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnollyCainAkinRussell2019" class="citation web cs1">Connolly, Amanda; Cain, Patrick; Akin, David; Russell, Andrew (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5990192/andrew-scheer-us-draft/">"Andrew Scheer says he did register for the U.S. draft, faces more questions on taxes"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210234/https://globalnews.ca/news/5990192/andrew-scheer-us-draft/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer+says+he+did+register+for+the+U.S.+draft%2C+faces+more+questions+on+taxes&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Cain%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Akin%2C+David&rft.au=Russell%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5990192%2Fandrew-scheer-us-draft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2019" class="citation web cs1">Ryan, Haley (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestar.com/halifax/2019/10/03/scheer-defends-silence-on-american-citizenship-during-halifax-stop-i-was-never-asked.html">"Scheer defends silence on American citizenship during Halifax stop: 'I was never asked'"</a>. The Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210229/https://www.thestar.com/halifax/2019/10/03/scheer-defends-silence-on-american-citizenship-during-halifax-stop-i-was-never-asked.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Scheer+defends+silence+on+American+citizenship+during+Halifax+stop%3A+%27I+was+never+asked%27&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Haley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com%2Fhalifax%2F2019%2F10%2F03%2Fscheer-defends-silence-on-american-citizenship-during-halifax-stop-i-was-never-asked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Charlie (October 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/news/1309851/andrew-scheers-dual-citizenship-would-not-be-issue-had-conservatives-not-been-so-self">"Andrew Scheer's dual citizenship would not be an issue had Conservatives not been so self-righteous in the past"</a>. The Georgia Straight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210240/https://www.straight.com/news/1309851/andrew-scheers-dual-citizenship-would-not-be-issue-had-conservatives-not-been-so-self">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Straight&rft.atitle=Andrew+Scheer%27s+dual+citizenship+would+not+be+an+issue+had+Conservatives+not+been+so+self-righteous+in+the+past&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straight.com%2Fnews%2F1309851%2Fandrew-scheers-dual-citizenship-would-not-be-issue-had-conservatives-not-been-so-self&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Joanna (October 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/trudeau-scheer-hope-new-promises-gloss-over-accusations-theyre-hypocrites">"Scheer stuck on dual citizenship while promoting tough-on-crime agenda"</a>. National Post. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210230/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/trudeau-scheer-hope-new-promises-gloss-over-accusations-theyre-hypocrites">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Scheer+stuck+on+dual+citizenship+while+promoting+tough-on-crime+agenda&rft.date=2019-10-04&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fpmn%2Fnews-pmn%2Fcanada-news-pmn%2Ftrudeau-scheer-hope-new-promises-gloss-over-accusations-theyre-hypocrites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabson2019" class="citation news cs1">Rabson, Mia (October 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/scheer-wont-explain-u-s-travel-as-a-citizen-without-a-valid-u-s-passport">"Scheer won't explain travel to U.S. as a citizen without a valid U.S. passport"</a>. National Post. The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210228/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/scheer-wont-explain-u-s-travel-as-a-citizen-without-a-valid-u-s-passport">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Scheer+won%27t+explain+travel+to+U.S.+as+a+citizen+without+a+valid+U.S.+passport&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.aulast=Rabson&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felection-2019%2Fscheer-wont-explain-u-s-travel-as-a-citizen-without-a-valid-u-s-passport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeblancHoupt2019" class="citation news cs1">Leblanc, Daniel; Houpt, Simon (October 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-cbc-and-rosemary-barton-take-conservatives-to-court-over-election-ads/">"CBC and Rosemary Barton take Conservatives to court over election ads"</a>. The Globe and Mail. Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210230/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-cbc-and-rosemary-barton-take-conservatives-to-court-over-election-ads/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=CBC+and+Rosemary+Barton+take+Conservatives+to+court+over+election+ads&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.aulast=Leblanc&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Houpt%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-cbc-and-rosemary-barton-take-conservatives-to-court-over-election-ads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2019" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Michael (October 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/cbc-sues-the-conservative-party-over-copyright-journalists-moral-rights">"CBC sues the Conservative party over copyright, 'moral rights' of journalists"</a>. National Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210221/https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/election-2019/cbc-sues-the-conservative-party-over-copyright-journalists-moral-rights">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=CBC+sues+the+Conservative+party+over+copyright%2C+%27moral+rights%27+of+journalists&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felection-2019%2Fcbc-sues-the-conservative-party-over-copyright-journalists-moral-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/cbc-conservative-party-lawsuit-1.5319209">"CBC taking Conservative Party to court over online election ad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. October 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210249/https://www.cbc.ca/news/cbc-conservative-party-lawsuit-1.5319209">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CBC+taking+Conservative+Party+to+court+over+online+election+ad&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcbc-conservative-party-lawsuit-1.5319209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2019" class="citation web cs1">Barton, Rosemary [@RosieBarton] (October 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RosieBarton/status/1183042040256516097">"CBC has issued this statement about its legal filing"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved October 12, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CBC+has+issued+this+statement+about+its+legal+filing&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRosieBarton%2Fstatus%2F1183042040256516097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevesque2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Levesque, Catherine (October 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/201910/14/01-5245343-scheer-accuse-trudeau-detre-desespere.php">"Scheer accuse Trudeau d'être désespéré"</a>. La Presse (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210317/https://www.lapresse.ca/elections-federales/2019-10-14/scheer-accuse-trudeau-d-etre-desespere">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Presse&rft.atitle=Scheer+accuse+Trudeau+d%27%C3%AAtre+d%C3%A9sesp%C3%A9r%C3%A9&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.aulast=Levesque&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Felections-federales%2F201910%2F14%2F01-5245343-scheer-accuse-trudeau-detre-desespere.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAiello2019" class="citation web cs1">Aiello, Rachel (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-says-party-with-most-seats-should-have-right-to-form-government-1.4642331">"Scheer says party with most seats should have 'right' to form government"</a>. CTV News. Ottawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210225/https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-says-party-with-most-seats-should-have-right-to-form-government-1.4642331">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Scheer+says+party+with+most+seats+should+have+%27right%27+to+form+government&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Aiello&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fscheer-says-party-with-most-seats-should-have-right-to-form-government-1.4642331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhoussoub2019" class="citation news cs1">Ghoussoub, Michelle (October 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-minority-government-1.5323901">"Scheer says he expects the leader with most seats will form government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210239/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-minority-government-1.5323901">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scheer+says+he+expects+the+leader+with+most+seats+will+form+government&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.aulast=Ghoussoub&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-minority-government-1.5323901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryden2019" class="citation web cs1">Bryden, Joan (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6054421/experts-scheer-claims-forming-government/">"'Complete nonsense': Experts dispute Scheer's claims about forming government"</a>. globalnews.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021114342/https://globalnews.ca/news/6054421/experts-scheer-claims-forming-government/">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalnews.ca&rft.atitle=%27Complete+nonsense%27%3A+Experts+dispute+Scheer%27s+claims+about+forming+government&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Bryden&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6054421%2Fexperts-scheer-claims-forming-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor2019" class="citation web cs1">McGregor, Glen [@glen_mcgregor] (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/glen_mcgregor/status/1184844088748789762">"Asked about saying party that gets the most seats should have "right" to govern, Scheer says that's the practice in "modern" times, again says he's looking for a majority mandate"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asked+about+saying+party+that+gets+the+most+seats+should+have+%22right%22+to+govern%2C+Scheer+says+that%27s+the+practice+in+%22modern%22+times%2C+again+says+he%27s+looking+for+a+majority+mandate.&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fglen_mcgregor%2Fstatus%2F1184844088748789762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2019" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Katie [@CBCkatie] (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CBCkatie/status/1184843433363623938">"Scheer is asked about his 'party that gets the most seats comment'. Scheer stands by his comment, they in modern history, the party that wins the most seats forms government. (Not the case in New Brunswick, not the case in BC)"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scheer+is+asked+about+his+%27party+that+gets+the+most+seats+comment%27.+Scheer+stands+by+his+comment%2C+they+in+modern+history%2C+the+party+that+wins+the+most+seats+forms+government.+%28Not+the+case+in+New+Brunswick%2C+not+the+case+in+BC%29.&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FCBCkatie%2Fstatus%2F1184843433363623938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-modern-canadian-convention-1.5324463">"Scheer says 'modern convention' means Trudeau must quit if he doesn't win the most seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210237/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-modern-canadian-convention-1.5324463">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scheer+says+%27modern+convention%27+means+Trudeau+must+quit+if+he+doesn%27t+win+the+most+seats&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-modern-canadian-convention-1.5324463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWherry2019" class="citation news cs1">Wherry, Aaron (October 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-trudeau-minority-government-2019-election-1.5324496">"No, the party with the most seats doesn't always govern"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210237/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-trudeau-minority-government-2019-election-1.5324496">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No%2C+the+party+with+the+most+seats+doesn%27t+always+govern&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.aulast=Wherry&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fscheer-trudeau-minority-government-2019-election-1.5324496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurryCardoso2019" class="citation news cs1">Curry, Bill; Cardoso, Tom (October 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-kinsella-firm-hired-to-seek-and-destroy-berniers-peoples-party/">"Kinsella firm hired to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's People's Party, documents show"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210247/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-kinsella-firm-hired-to-seek-and-destroy-berniers-peoples-party/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Kinsella+firm+hired+to+%27seek+and+destroy%27+Bernier%27s+People%27s+Party%2C+documents+show&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.aulast=Curry&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Cardoso%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-kinsella-firm-hired-to-seek-and-destroy-berniers-peoples-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYatesRogersBellemare2019" class="citation news cs1">Yates, Jeff; Rogers, Kaleigh; Bellemare, Andrea (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/project-cactus-maxime-bernier-1.5327555">"Kinsella consulting firm worked to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's PPC party, documents say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210249/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/project-cactus-maxime-bernier-1.5327555">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kinsella+consulting+firm+worked+to+%27seek+and+destroy%27+Bernier%27s+PPC+party%2C+documents+say&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Kaleigh&rft.au=Bellemare%2C+Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fproject-cactus-maxime-bernier-1.5327555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkupCurryCardoso2019" class="citation news cs1">Kirkup, Kristy; Curry, Bill; Cardoso, Tom (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-scheer-wont-say-if-conservatives-hired-kinsella-firm-to-seek-and/">"Scheer won't say if Conservatives hired Kinsella firm to 'seek and destroy' Bernier's People's Party"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210244/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-scheer-wont-say-if-conservatives-hired-kinsella-firm-to-seek-and/?cmpid=rss">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Scheer+won%27t+say+if+Conservatives+hired+Kinsella+firm+to+%27seek+and+destroy%27+Bernier%27s+People%27s+Party&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Kirkup&rft.aufirst=Kristy&rft.au=Curry%2C+Bill&rft.au=Cardoso%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-scheer-wont-say-if-conservatives-hired-kinsella-firm-to-seek-and%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-files-complaint-kinsella-campaign-1.5327748">"Bernier files complaint to elections watchdog over 'secret' campaign to smear his party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210235/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-files-complaint-kinsella-campaign-1.5327748">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bernier+files+complaint+to+elections+watchdog+over+%27secret%27+campaign+to+smear+his+party&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbernier-files-complaint-kinsella-campaign-1.5327748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2019" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Allison (October 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://election.ctvnews.ca/scheer-won-t-say-if-conservatives-hired-consultant-to-destroy-people-s-party-1.4646062">"Scheer won't say if Conservatives hired consultant to 'destroy' People's party"</a>. 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CBC Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210300/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-wednesday-edition-1.5270097/ndp-defector-says-he-warned-party-some-n-b-voters-are-uncomfortable-with-jagmeet-singh-1.5270101">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Some+voters+question+whether+Canada+is+ready+for+a+PM+with+a+turban&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Bergeron+Oliver&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felection.ctvnews.ca%2Fsome-voters-question-whether-canada-is-ready-for-a-pm-with-a-turban-1.4598227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBCTheNational2019" class="citation web cs1">@CBCTheNational (September 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/CBCTheNational/status/1174346197764587522">"She didn't campaign and she didn't live in the riding, but riding the orange wave in 2011, she won and was re-elected in 2015—@RosieBarton talks to NDP MP Ruth Ellen Brosseau about running for her third mandate and the challenges her party faces in Quebec"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+May+clarifies+position+on+abortion%2C+says+Green+Party+screens+out+candidates+who+disagree&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle-elizabeth-may-clarifies-position-on-abortion-says-green-party-screens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tasker, John Paul (September 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pierre-nantel-green-party-sovereigntist-1.5281661">"'Of course I'm a sovereignist,' Green candidate says after Elizabeth May insists he's not"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210311/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pierre-nantel-green-party-sovereigntist-1.5281661">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Of+course+I%27m+a+sovereignist%2C%27+Green+candidate+says+after+Elizabeth+May+insists+he%27s+not&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Tasker&rft.aufirst=John+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fpierre-nantel-green-party-sovereigntist-1.5281661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton2019" class="citation web cs1">Barton, Rosemary [@RosieBarton] (September 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RosieBarton/status/1172640795142307841">"If May wants to keep him as a candidate that's fine, but this reasoning is nonsensical and is frankly ridiculous. The sovereigntist movement's primary goal is to separate"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). 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Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210323/https://globalnews.ca/news/5929770/former-neo-nazi-pegida-canada-official-among-peoples-party-of-canada-signatories/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Former+neo-Nazi%2C+Pegida+Canada+official+among+People%27s+Party+of+Canada+signatories&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Bell%2C+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5929770%2Fformer-neo-nazi-pegida-canada-official-among-peoples-party-of-canada-signatories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2019/09/23/trois-membres-connus-de-lextreme-droite-ont-endosse-la-creation-du-parti-de-maxime-bernier">"Trois membres connus de l'extrême droite ont endossé la création du parti de Maxime Bernier"</a>. Le Journal de Montréal (in French). September 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210308/https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2019/09/23/trois-membres-connus-de-lextreme-droite-ont-endosse-la-creation-du-parti-de-maxime-bernier">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+de+Montr%C3%A9al&rft.atitle=Trois+membres+connus+de+l%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+ont+endoss%C3%A9+la+cr%C3%A9ation+du+parti+de+Maxime+Bernier&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journaldemontreal.com%2F2019%2F09%2F23%2Ftrois-membres-connus-de-lextreme-droite-ont-endosse-la-creation-du-parti-de-maxime-bernier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicazo2019" class="citation news cs1">Picazo, Alheli (August 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadalandshow.com/maxime-bernier-should-have-known-a-neo-nazi-was-working-for-his-party/">"Maxime Bernier Should Have Known A Neo-Nazi Was Working For His Party"</a>. 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Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadaland&rft.atitle=Maxime+Bernier+Should+Have+Known+A+Neo-Nazi+Was+Working+For+His+Party&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=Picazo&rft.aufirst=Alheli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadalandshow.com%2Fmaxime-bernier-should-have-known-a-neo-nazi-was-working-for-his-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrévost2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prévost, Hugo (August 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1279961/politique-parti-populaire-organisateur-neonazi">"Le Parti populaire du Canada coupe les ponts avec un organisateur au lourd passé"</a>. Radio Canada (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210336/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1279961/politique-parti-populaire-organisateur-neonazi">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Canada&rft.atitle=Le+Parti+populaire+du+Canada+coupe+les+ponts+avec+un+organisateur+au+lourd+pass%C3%A9&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.aulast=Pr%C3%A9vost&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fici.radio-canada.ca%2Fnouvelle%2F1279961%2Fpolitique-parti-populaire-organisateur-neonazi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVastel2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vastel, Marie (September 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/563242/maxime-bernier-accuse-de-fomenter-la-haine-aux-debats">"Les liens troubles du PPC"</a>. Le Devoir (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210414/https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/563242/maxime-bernier-accuse-de-fomenter-la-haine-aux-debats">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Devoir&rft.atitle=Les+liens+troubles+du+PPC&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft.aulast=Vastel&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fpolitique%2Fcanada%2F563242%2Fmaxime-bernier-accuse-de-fomenter-la-haine-aux-debats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite-Crummey2019" class="citation web cs1">White-Crummey, Arthur (July 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leaderpost.com/news/saskatchewan/bernier-defends-sask-candidate-who-urged-more-hate-speech">"Bernier defends Sask. candidate who urged 'more hate speech'"</a>. Regina Leader-Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210425/https://leaderpost.com/news/saskatchewan/bernier-defends-sask-candidate-who-urged-more-hate-speech">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regina+Leader-Post&rft.atitle=Bernier+defends+Sask.+candidate+who+urged+%27more+hate+speech%27&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft.aulast=White-Crummey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleaderpost.com%2Fnews%2Fsaskatchewan%2Fbernier-defends-sask-candidate-who-urged-more-hate-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen2019" class="citation web cs1">Breen, Kerri (September 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5846043/maxime-bernier-greta-thunberg-mentally-unstable/">"Maxime Bernier calls teen climate activist 'mentally unstable' – National"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210428/https://globalnews.ca/_static/?%3F-eJx9jksKAjEQRC9k0ioamYV4lkzSaDQ%2FUh3E25sBFyrisqDeq6J7Va5k4SyUuqqxn0MGXVmqdTc16R2l4ntkUONohb2qBfKVtANW9FsFts1daNQhwdXGAPkAocF8WtQcy9iEPMacTiH%2F074%2FXEyvvCCndNyY7X5tJnMwT2WAUrI=">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Maxime+Bernier+calls+teen+climate+activist+%27mentally+unstable%27+%E2%80%93+National&rft.date=2019-09-02&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Kerri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5846043%2Fmaxime-bernier-greta-thunberg-mentally-unstable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreras2019" class="citation news cs1">Ferreras, Jesse (September 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5857679/maxime-bernier-greta-thunberg-mentally-unstable-brave/">"After labelling Greta Thunberg 'mentally unstable,' Maxime Bernier calls her 'brave'"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210324/https://globalnews.ca/news/5857679/maxime-bernier-greta-thunberg-mentally-unstable-brave/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=After+labelling+Greta+Thunberg+%27mentally+unstable%2C%27+Maxime+Bernier+calls+her+%27brave%27&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Ferreras&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F5857679%2Fmaxime-bernier-greta-thunberg-mentally-unstable-brave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2019" class="citation news cs1">Dawson, Tyler (November 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/maxime-bernier-has-one-election-regret-but-says-hes-definitely-running-again">"Maxime Bernier has one election regret, but says he's definitely running again"</a>. 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Retrieved November 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Maxime+Bernier+has+one+election+regret%2C+but+says+he%27s+definitely+running+again&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmaxime-bernier-has-one-election-regret-but-says-hes-definitely-running-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2019" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Ahmar (September 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/steven-fletcher-electinon-data-1.5287147">"People's Party candidate Steven Fletcher accused of taking voter data from Conservatives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210407/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/steven-fletcher-electinon-data-1.5287147">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People%27s+Party+candidate+Steven+Fletcher+accused+of+taking+voter+data+from+Conservatives&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Ahmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fsteven-fletcher-electinon-data-1.5287147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/nancy-mercier-beausejour-people-s-party-immigration-racist-1.5288289">"People's Party candidate in Beauséjour faces criticism for 'racist' comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210433/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/nancy-mercier-beausejour-people-s-party-immigration-racist-1.5288289">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=People%27s+Party+candidate+in+Beaus%C3%A9jour+faces+criticism+for+%27racist%27+comments&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnew-brunswick%2Fnancy-mercier-beausejour-people-s-party-immigration-racist-1.5288289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin2019" class="citation web cs1">Benjamin, Graeme (October 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6016116/sybil-hogg-islam-tweets/">"Halifax-area PPC candidate under fire for Islamophobic tweets"</a>. Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210349/https://globalnews.ca/news/6016116/sybil-hogg-islam-tweets/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Halifax-area+PPC+candidate+under+fire+for+Islamophobic+tweets&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6016116%2Fsybil-hogg-islam-tweets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/peoples-party-nova-scotia-hogg-bernier-islam-social-media-posts-1.5315943">"People's Party won't take action against N.S. candidate who called Islam 'pure evil'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. October 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210328/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/peoples-party-nova-scotia-hogg-bernier-islam-social-media-posts-1.5315943">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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October 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210346/https://globalnews.ca/_static/?%3F-eJytlUFOxDAMRS9EWkBQsUEsuABX8CRua5HYVexMNZyeqCMhsWTMoqrU+j+5%2FzvuuG8hChuyjbZiQR11hT0sWU6QGXcdo%2FZLOIKNLLVApi8cMp2GQjz0l3fjnxhzr9QBcr5RfwKl6NBfn3o6yHCRZg7ARtFaxZk64XYjC6iniYLcHHLqd4+JEao0xdwlpQj%2FB8kQFKuDpCb1EoqkltFjTYEFj3ogdjVEnDshqFH8vIQzJRQHzSpyIl48Dm09damYHAyxOUDyzI7tZOYydu6LzNPBJl16u3yVXhAromfuvePwc268oEP%2F0beiK5K2JTB8l8a+aFUigSec6%2FGtsnvmo+kalBZum+dXFwNxOLaSg1IhkSfeQx9mEWcurZ7x13e8ldeH6fF5un+appdvsDI3UQ=%3D">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210353/https://globalnews.ca/_static/?%3F-eJx9jksKAjEQRC9k0ioamYV4lkzSaDQ%2FUh3E25sBFyrisqDeq6J7Va5k4SyUuqqxn0MGXVmqdTc16R2l4ntkUONohb2qBfKVtANW9FsFts1daNQhwdXGAPkAocF8WtQcy9iEPMacTiH%2F074%2FXEyvvCCndNyY7X5tJnMwT2WAUrI=">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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Retrieved November 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News+Montreal&rft.atitle=Bloc+concedes+in+Quebec+riding%3A+Duclos+will+keep+seat+for+Liberals&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft.aulast=Luft&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontreal.ctvnews.ca%2Fbloc-concedes-in-quebec-riding-duclos-will-keep-seat-for-liberals-1.4674273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-585"><a href="#cite_ref-585">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/bloc-quebecois-concedes-hochelaga-abandons-recount-1.4670357">"Bloc Quebecois concedes Hochelaga, abandons recount"</a>. CTV News Montreal. 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Global News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210656/https://globalnews.ca/_static/?%3F-eJx9jksKAjEQRC9k0ioamYV4lkzSaDQ%2FUh3E25sBFyrisqDeq6J7Va5k4SyUuqqxn0MGXVmqdTc16R2l4ntkUONohb2qBfKVtANW9FsFts1daNQhwdXGAPkAocF8WtQcy9iEPMacTiH%2F074%2FXEyvvCCndNyY7X5tJnMwT2WAUrI=">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. 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DW.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trudeau%3A+China+playing+%27aggressive+games%27+with+Canadian+democracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdw.com%2Fen%2Ftrudeau-china-playing-aggressive-games-with-canadian-democracy%2Fa-63678560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-614"><a href="#cite_ref-614">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/11/09/2003788556">"China trying to gut Canada's democracy: PM"</a>. Taipei Times. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+trying+to+gut+Canada%27s+democracy%3A+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2022%2F11%2F09%2F2003788556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-615"><a href="#cite_ref-615">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221108-china-playing-aggressive-games-with-canada-democracy-trudeau">"China playing 'aggressive games' with Canada democracy: Trudeau"</a>. France 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+playing+%27aggressive+games%27+with+Canada+democracy%3A+Trudeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20221108-china-playing-aggressive-games-with-canada-democracy-trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-616"><a href="#cite_ref-616">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/9293238/justin-trudeau-china-interference-allegations/">"Trudeau says he was not briefed on federal candidates allegedly receiving funds from China"</a>. globalnews.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalnews.ca&rft.atitle=Trudeau+says+he+was+not+briefed+on+federal+candidates+allegedly+receiving+funds+from+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F9293238%2Fjustin-trudeau-china-interference-allegations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-617"><a href="#cite_ref-617">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2024" class="citation news cs1">David, Ljunggren (April 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-spies-found-china-interfered-last-two-elections-probe-hears-2024-04-08/">"Canada spies found China interfered in last two elections, probe hears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved April 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canada+spies+found+China+interfered+in+last+two+elections%2C+probe+hears&rft.date=2024-04-08&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Ljunggren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcanada-spies-found-china-interfered-last-two-elections-probe-hears-2024-04-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-618"><a href="#cite_ref-618">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&document=oct3019&dir=pre&lang=e">"Deregistration of the Progressive Canadian Party"</a> (Press release). Elections Canada. October 30, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20191117222945/https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&document=oct3019&dir=pre&lang=e">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deregistration+of+the+Progressive+Canadian+Party&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fsection%3Dmed%26document%3Doct3019%26dir%3Dpre%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-619"><a href="#cite_ref-619">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&document=dec0920&dir=pre&lang=e">"Deregistration of The United Party of Canada"</a> (Press release). Elections Canada. December 9, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210644/https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&document=dec0920&dir=pre&lang=e">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deregistration+of+The+United+Party+of+Canada&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fsection%3Dmed%26document%3Ddec0920%26dir%3Dpre%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-620"><a href="#cite_ref-620">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&dir=pre&document=mar1121&lang=e">"Deregistration of Stop Climate Change"</a> (Press release). Elections Canada. March 11, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706210649/https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&dir=pre&document=mar1121&lang=e">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deregistration+of+Stop+Climate+Change&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fcontent.aspx%3Fsection%3Dmed%26dir%3Dpre%26document%3Dmar1121%26lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Official reports</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanada._Office_of_the_Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Canada2020" class="citation journal cs1">Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/sta_ge43/stat_ge43_e.pdf">"Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019"</a> (PDF). Report of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada on the ... General Election. Gatineau: Elections Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1498-461X">1498-461X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+of+the+Chief+Electoral+Officer+of+Canada+on+the+...+General+Election&rft.atitle=Report+on+the+43rd+General+Election+of+October+21%2C+2019&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=1498-461X&rft.au=Canada.+Office+of+the+Chief+Electoral+Officer+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fres%2Frep%2Foff%2Fsta_ge43%2Fstat_ge43_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanada._Office_of_the_Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Canada2020" class="citation book cs1">Canada. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/res/rec/eval/pes2019/ege/2019-Retrospective-Report_e.pdf">Retrospective Report on the 43rd General Election of October 21, 2019</a> (PDF). Gatineau: Elections Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-660-38268-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-660-38268-5"><bdi>978-0-660-38268-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Retrospective+Report+on+the+43rd+General+Election+of+October+21%2C+2019&rft.place=Gatineau&rft.pub=Elections+Canada&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-660-38268-5&rft.au=Canada.+Office+of+the+Chief+Electoral+Officer+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.ca%2Fres%2Frec%2Feval%2Fpes2019%2Fege%2F2019-Retrospective-Report_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">Liberal majority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="43rd Canadian Parliament">Liberal minority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanchet" title="Yves-François Blanchet">Yves-François Blanchet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_candidates_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent candidates in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Independent candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election">Results overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2019 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="2019 Canadian federal election in Newfoundland and Labrador">Results in Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2019 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2019 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endorsements_from_individuals_and_organizations_in_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2019 Canadian federal election (page does not exist)">Other endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election,_by_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election, by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2019 Canadian federal election">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_federal_election_results_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_macroriding" title="Template:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_macroriding" title="Template talk:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_macroriding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_federal_election_results_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Canadian federal election results by region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_on_Vancouver_Island" title="Canadian federal election results on Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Greater_Vancouver_and_the_Sunshine_Coast" title="Canadian federal election results in Greater Vancouver and the Sunshine Coast">Greater Vancouver and the Sunshine Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Fraser_Valley_and_the_Southern_Lower_Mainland" title="Canadian federal election results in the Fraser Valley and the Southern Lower Mainland">Fraser Valley and the Southern Lower Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_British_Columbia_Interior" title="Canadian federal election results in the British Columbia Interior">BC Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Calgary" title="Canadian federal election results in Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Edmonton_and_environs" title="Canadian federal election results in Edmonton and environs">Edmonton and Environs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_rural_Alberta" title="Canadian federal election results in rural Alberta">Rural Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Saskatchewan" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Saskatchewan">Northern Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southern_Saskatchewan" title="Canadian federal election results in Southern Saskatchewan">Southern Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Rural_Manitoba" title="Canadian federal election results in Rural Manitoba">Rural Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Winnipeg" title="Canadian federal election results in Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southwestern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Midwestern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Midwestern Ontario">Midwestern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Hamilton,_Burlington_and_Niagara" title="Canadian federal election results in Hamilton, Burlington and Niagara">Hamilton, Burlington and Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Brampton,_Mississauga_and_Oakville" title="Canadian federal election results in Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville">Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Toronto" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Toronto">Central Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Suburban_Toronto" title="Canadian federal election results in Suburban Toronto">Suburban Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southern_Durham_and_York" title="Canadian federal election results in Southern Durham and York">Southern Durham and York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Ontario">Central Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Ontario">Eastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Ottawa" title="Canadian federal election results in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Laurentides,_Outaouais_and_Northern_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in the Laurentides, Outaouais and Northern Quebec">Laurentides, Outaouais and Northern Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Laval" title="Canadian federal election results in Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Montreal">Northern Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Western_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Western Montreal">Western Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Montreal">Eastern Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Mont%C3%A9r%C3%A9gie" title="Canadian federal election results in Montérégie">Montérégie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Eastern_Townships" title="Canadian federal election results in the Eastern Townships">Eastern Townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Quebec">Central Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Quebec_City" title="Canadian federal election results in Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_C%C3%B4te-Nord_and_Saguenay" title="Canadian federal election results in the Côte-Nord and Saguenay">Côte-Nord and Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Quebec">Eastern Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_New_Brunswick" title="Canadian federal election results in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Canadian federal election results in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Canadian federal election results in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Canadian federal election results in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_(electoral_district)" title="Yukon (electoral district)">Yukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories_(electoral_district)" title="Northwest Territories (electoral district)">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut_(electoral_district)" title="Nunavut (electoral district)">Nunavut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Canada" title="Template:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections_in_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Most recent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Alberta_general_election" title="2023 Alberta general election">2023 Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2024 British Columbia general election">2024 British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Manitoba_general_election" title="2023 Manitoba general election">2023 Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="2024 New Brunswick general election">2024 New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2021 Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northwest_Territories_general_election" title="2023 Northwest Territories general election">2023 Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2024 Nova Scotia general election">2024 Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nunavut_general_election" title="2021 Nunavut general election">2021 Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022 Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="2023 Prince Edward Island general election">2023 Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Quebec_general_election" title="2022 Quebec general election">2022 Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="2024 Saskatchewan general election">2024 Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Yukon_general_election" title="2021 Yukon general election">2021 Yukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada#Provincial_and_territorial" title="Elections in Canada">Provincial summary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election" title="2025 Canadian federal election">Federal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Alberta_general_election" title="32nd Alberta general election">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_British_Columbia_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="44th British Columbia general election (page does not exist)">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Manitoba_general_election" title="44th Manitoba general election">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=42nd_New_Brunswick_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="42nd New Brunswick general election (page does not exist)">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="52nd Newfoundland and Labrador general election">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Northwest_Territories_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Northwest Territories general election">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Nunavut_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Nunavut general election">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Ontario_general_election" title="44th Ontario general election">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68th_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="68th Prince Edward Island general election">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Quebec_general_election" title="44th Quebec general election">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Yukon_general_election" title="40th Yukon general election">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_elections" title="Timeline of Canadian elections">Amalgamated timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">Federal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_by-elections_in_Canada" title="List of federal by-elections in Canada">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_general_elections" title="List of Alberta general elections">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_by-elections" title="List of Alberta by-elections">by-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Senate_nominee_elections" title="Alberta Senate nominee elections">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_general_elections" title="List of British Columbia general elections">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_by-elections" title="List of British Columbia by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_general_elections" title="List of Manitoba general elections">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_by-elections" title="List of Manitoba by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_New_Brunswick_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation New Brunswick general elections">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Brunswick_by-elections" title="List of New Brunswick by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_elections" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador general elections">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_by-elections" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_general_elections" title="List of Northwest Territories general elections">NT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_by-elections" title="List of Northwest Territories by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_Nova_Scotia_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation Nova Scotia general elections">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_by-elections" title="List of Nova Scotia by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_general_elections" title="List of Nunavut general elections">NU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_by-elections" title="List of Nunavut by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_general_elections" title="List of Ontario general elections">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_by-elections" title="List of Ontario by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_Prince_Edward_Island_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation Prince Edward Island general elections">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prince_Edward_Island_by-elections" title="List of Prince Edward Island by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_general_elections" title="List of Quebec general elections">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_by-elections" title="List of Quebec by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_general_elections" title="List of Saskatchewan general elections">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_by-elections" title="List of Saskatchewan by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_general_elections" title="List of Yukon general elections">YT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_by-elections" title="List of Yukon by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_electoral_districts" title="List of Canadian electoral districts">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Alberta provincial electoral districts">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of British Columbia provincial electoral districts">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Manitoba provincial electoral districts">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Brunswick_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of New Brunswick provincial electoral districts">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador provincial electoral districts">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Northwest Territories territorial electoral districts">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Nunavut territorial electoral districts">NU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Ontario provincial electoral districts">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prince_Edward_Island_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Prince Edward Island provincial electoral districts">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Saskatchewan provincial electoral districts">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Yukon territorial electoral districts">YT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_electoral_system" title="Canadian electoral system">Canadian electoral system</a></li> <li>Legislation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act" title="Canada Elections Act">Canada Elections Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_Modernization_Act" title="Elections Modernization Act">Elections Modernization Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Canada" title="Chief Electoral Officer of Canada">Chief Electoral Officer of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Electors" title="National Register of Electors">National Register of Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Register_of_Electors" title="International Register of Electors">International Register of Electors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Special_Committee_on_Electoral_Reform" title="Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform">Electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_election_dates_in_Canada" title="Fixed election dates in Canada">Fixed election dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_3_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Rights and freedoms</a></li> <li>Voting <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_Canada" title="Electronic voting in Canada">Electronic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Vote_Canada" title="Fair Vote Canada">Fair Vote Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_Canada" title="Voter turnout in Canada">Voter turnout</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_elections_and_referendums_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_elections" title="Template:Canada elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_elections" title="Template talk:Canada elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_elections_and_referendums_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Federal <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Canada" title="Referendums in Canada">referendums</a> in Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_Canadian_federal_election" title="1867 Canadian federal election">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Canadian_federal_election" title="1872 Canadian federal election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Canadian_federal_election" title="1874 Canadian federal election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Canadian_federal_election" title="1878 Canadian federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Canadian_federal_election" title="1882 Canadian federal election">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Canadian_federal_election" title="1887 Canadian federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Canadian_federal_election" title="1891 Canadian federal election">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Canadian_federal_election" title="1896 Canadian federal election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Canadian_federal_election" title="1900 Canadian federal election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Canadian_federal_election" title="1904 Canadian federal election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Canadian_federal_election" title="1908 Canadian federal election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Canadian_federal_election" title="1911 Canadian federal election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Canadian_federal_election" title="1921 Canadian federal election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Canadian_federal_election" title="1925 Canadian federal election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Canadian_federal_election" title="1926 Canadian federal election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Canadian_federal_election" title="1930 Canadian federal election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Canadian_federal_election" title="1962 Canadian federal election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election" title="2025 Canadian federal election">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_by-elections_in_Canada" title="List of federal by-elections in Canada">By-elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_1st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 1st Canadian Parliament">1st (1867–1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_2nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 2nd Canadian Parliament">2nd (1873–1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_3rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 3rd Canadian Parliament">3rd (1874–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_4th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 4th Canadian Parliament">4th (1879–1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_5th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 5th Canadian Parliament">5th (1883–1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_6th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 6th Canadian Parliament">6th (1887–1891)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_7th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 7th Canadian Parliament">7th (1891–1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_8th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 8th Canadian Parliament">8th (1896–1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_9th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 9th Canadian Parliament">9th (1901–1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_10th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 10th Canadian Parliament">10th (1905–1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_11th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 11th Canadian Parliament">11th (1909–1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_12th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 12th Canadian Parliament">12th (1911–1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_13th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 13th Canadian Parliament">13th (1918–1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_14th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 14th Canadian Parliament">14th (1921–1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_15th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 15th Canadian Parliament">15th (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_16th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 16th Canadian Parliament">16th (1926–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_17th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 17th Canadian Parliament">17th (1930–1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_18th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 18th Canadian Parliament">18th (1936–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_19th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 19th Canadian Parliament">19th (1940–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_20th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 20th Canadian Parliament">20th (1945–1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_21st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 21st Canadian Parliament">21st (1949–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_22nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 22nd Canadian Parliament">22nd (1953–1957)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_23rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 23rd Canadian Parliament">23rd (1957–1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_24th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 24th Canadian Parliament">24th (1958–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-election_to_the_25th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-election to the 25th Canadian Parliament">25th (1962–1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_26th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament">26th (1963–1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_27th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 27th Canadian Parliament">27th (1965–1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_28th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 28th Canadian Parliament">28th (1968–1972)</a></li> <li>29th (1973–1974; no by-elections)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_30th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament">30th (1974–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_31st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 31st Canadian Parliament">31st (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_32nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 32nd Canadian Parliament">32nd (1980–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_33rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament">33rd (1984–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_34th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 34th Canadian Parliament">34th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_35th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 35th Canadian Parliament">35th (1994–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_36th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 36th Canadian Parliament">36th (1997–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_37th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 37th Canadian Parliament">37th (2000–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_38th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 38th Canadian Parliament">38th (2004–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_39th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament">39th (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_40th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 40th Canadian Parliament">40th (2008–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 41st Canadian Parliament">41st (2011–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 43rd Canadian Parliament">43rd (2019–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament">44th (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Canada" title="Referendums in Canada">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1898_Canadian_prohibition_plebiscite" title="1898 Canadian prohibition plebiscite">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Canadian_conscription_plebiscite" title="1942 Canadian conscription plebiscite">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">1992</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of federal political parties in Canada">Federal political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Federal electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_federal_electoral_districts_of_Canada" title="Historical federal electoral districts of Canada">Historical federal electoral districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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