CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com",cType: 'interactive',cRay: '923f9a04cddf3fdc',cH: 'x00IJnQf3zU8ZPv.aDlfk3elyZ.v5xiLFWOK8QfH5uM-1742582677-1.2.1.1-9ekSHgCpCrTgVruTB8Ave3GSFmFs3EHff9hEdu68A4KgLMhRRCzd.WxOgPCP7rZt',cUPMDTk: "\/4-107-6940?__lrTS=20250321184436922&__cf_chl_tk=BSAcMWCEuxKqHY9tt9OGmSPRHeBOFWoxO_Wm36ZY2Nk-1742582677-1.0.1.1-.qIv7Hlr46RCbtnhBFbZ8ALIconvgbj7tPp1TdvO2aA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1742582677',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4-107-6940?__lrTS=20250321184436922&__cf_chl_f_tk=BSAcMWCEuxKqHY9tt9OGmSPRHeBOFWoxO_Wm36ZY2Nk-1742582677-1.0.1.1-.qIv7Hlr46RCbtnhBFbZ8ALIconvgbj7tPp1TdvO2aA",md: "E5IkXXVZKkHg5OPBKUH0GQ8zQSPlg2eQTOiZbQ8TRwU-1742582677-1.2.1.1-I26H4zqBopE1QAw1KGc7tOk5nxpDx_RDIl19sk561aF5cLbJut9pB6NsTZ_QhDT8iydndJiA1_UvhWJxEQNAL6bH1jj_RF9pfGwXOf5_TQCd5vGFqUDbzTToWPb7WfkDJ_YAqV4uWUBPt_lC4KDHPwVzbOKG3XEBlskM.89VZFZ0tGbQTpH99q_QGxZREHGQc5kBmpblqaVNSo4CeRZPjHHM73iYT0HXk4S2qqu9JO0LLC_RyNYd8_gpB6QnLNGUULpFmXzl0frRPej2gJa1Nrk137FFnth6tyLtPqY6va6uQ1oElFLh9CHbKWR5Cm8P4QfJ3y6Hp674nNucv0y2Bb9Pb70OIAv0LrSDn62oRePW2iheNKore8jzGJKWIYLu6GJB9ao2AWzijZsorlhbNZAB3G5bGFoap68wrXvUNShcBnMOCfApa7M90bP.DNj6E4_3ma2uw4FyK6UcPpQBOePQDv4qk045xEo.2cP5guBKXM1l6BrXdoZvg1Ee29SerrEMQsiHjIDnb5qUPwEPa4smgd660rzwzNEsqer_0dkEwa._NZCZI8EDf2g.ymt9WBkqETDoWgMaUpgCe9TjlPZq1lFfRNJZaLo5IXsdTuA.3PU5VTs2vYC8.zexbRoWSsuJoft9v3LwwTBvsLfQDglJbmcrLKaLxmSHdeM73xsuLieMuqNXjg.7Ou5FRvwYqVHVIGztiRm5QXjUwFN2jEI8GssPLF_LOZPeBPMdJqJMjDMMISPc0fgQqabTRMa5lO8iHum6elWOVUkW971R7TO7rc3GRW2rHBJuiQz5SubE.ZLWg28XH_RiuHA5Eqzbp2dOTJFvYhCTyZVlgLwjDeQRd0gkqGAC6AVU5hUdpWir1zOeGuyi8jhUGOuifQhIxMOQ4HcylgqBX.nRAmrv9cK2zprna1bxcGoYR5Y424tSgAjuliJHNxRTeu.aQ3Wlq2zuU2Zo9Uvo8HhSFZkN0vGx3qI3mSA6VCQ9iYsgOS3GLwqBiwYwmUFUiO7dQ2jatnNPk1uMu9KuPDkDdCxKityo.CII_lDpHd7xOFAVmdF3TGqO_WvdxMqOzQwBPPbG.9Hp3Qu3yr4qaw7jWXjXF2W2Tft.OBDfC_IUF6Wp29kajRdhC9EUXLYn6bOVbOL9M3kkXtgiu9gXje_qbCbfcoMTxVQOMHdv2B6AO5wZPfypwKmC0YAzy7PPTEF6PDpIXse4LqeQAzuw9xJlr_z4uHn2fml_YUFS4ev_wYjpi0XAe1Zitbj8a0L418S6s89_R11RPyad7au278HcrBcXmmmvD6TL4uuDjiWbPdqVZ.4",mdrd: "kpjeI2i5LLSGqay7DwU6AxStNFAFSYOsOOiGhjSPRiA-1742582677-1.2.1.1-mBdviizl1XDpu972miv4wB.7958YpAFgUsxxrRfx0BJDzMvW_IsR0lMj3D3K8naiAQEmo_EGi9O6GyxeZU8XvTneMHlkvRcs4AANUJpG_Muc9PFKZNLrlsirdAwWWkOSp5AgRqRcNm33Gc5RMz_VSmqZ2QrQ2Osnghhq72zhLk5NYo1vgXboF6M3VMpL4LQULscmczpO3aFxJKzHjNuOAEaXASgHYjrbpA8UqxrgOmvDgyDAa1EPaHfWNpcvKfE34HHvTX5GwN3.F50YhQuGyawDGiADdd7MdIyd9PPNkhrku5AaMGK_VbbU_GwHXcqa11MV1cdLnuSwvFTmCVbeDNZwR73q9KXFYD29xV04r3qrnxfb7i5BQ9hZ4P3b7OqQF2ZudD6PrmRLA4IaQ3fjRTGiiMKg65fAmeGDJ71P7NK9jSxaPMvQIN.kVFXTMwApCpFmHJ_CXpBLnyhAxbU5N5XPlyqEar9OTENqQKLwe4yqFZdzq3.LMzoGaE2707UN4ooAvcjMNsfo0x0.TkZOy2a8lui75notFEaGymJJ1zVczybQf.JDSbAp26MKkxZJFOEI48M4txUsiwp0Lv1iTadlpzMi_FQ.6zVCabLxBn94ev6f3tPYRLIFuA_.iaE7kCUtguxeZJzNCVjvAS6fO0HBEhDHDSV21BuiGnbUSbOb4T73y2uu.TP.bgZdXOylhquIq3C.HMA9c_Y_0oQrTwmnuyNibyGPD7xyEBN_YDdarEIgoQ5gVGw8nURDd9xjAx3r2_g5ZB641WJ5C_0N83J299KY2DCz3hP3kjdLDAS.MgZYjimPhsfvP4anfMNGhMWqXj8zl6BgLMqeust3ozrQVKgXAGTw9juBNlf9pVGX4JSJuVJ1woZ_On0EH4fOkvLs5DhD_DqWUiBxlOsjQymFeW515x2cmx7KIv4.8JxWUpZRGKC7eUUjOa9AqId.Iw5ntifnlAs6ylQo4niZPTyafCDE.GAk74PEJTApTB97bDhwVxvgbTjhEW6_x4iQX5wTuHaVPW5G_UmKYEvCha0NAPBZGyGOoFh4HD1bmJmq_TPE_XydRl9cOxB6aRHTWEhXcyoXurueqPQy8iX4snJesge83wVuVS_Fxkl2TtXFQ0g7zAgMZfLfaIh1z2UOki6VB3ASB8tPLZUYD6B8ar0wwdD9XaE0Des7wDl.L_L.J__.gxPPKX3EmtMQmQDlnVoYrc4fFPS1IrZDMq6_mBFJ.Fwc32vmAcgmNfE7dZe68RjTnG7WtNh3LMBId1Egjto3DYTE2GfmP7vHrxRpVslsHCV.S2WlG1F.IW3yx19BiSAjwqQDiIEg513_p_9nJ24XZEnVbQqqbshsFvYbciYcnTy_SRNy8oFapQvWLxvdRtNdzLJBEAhX9Wzy5.0vIs9qNrJV9XTnU1XmWX5gLBrs0wNP8qbKYjXn1hct4NF2r5rY1v4qeAqUfSP5Ve.0deQXFww2MtUO3QoxU_j2b.wd8O_T6yNQ3K5mhgchUiSdyDXJhOPOwT35KILN4GG85D2RX8WvNHGgacS4aUDP4fuuvSRNihNUZeCv9tT4RilVmA7DN8MNJBMKNCll9Ejo4Tp7.WEfb7vrtS39d76FreOFelaAJP8XgwKKs7moVmXO9rhV4vqu7_RxJnsF2PJ_a3K2QWGh73aSW_cdhT_nEceTCBs6euuL.rcvJ1IGgl87dGUBNu50zUfSpG.bG8b3InCIqqGkgyFD3lQiAFofE_qk8vjzdPJ4TvPr2g0d0oRkn7lUGMMJqg8ETO0DJtDnZIkqxuH529w_e2P_PhXUJ7PG7t85ugnfx_oZWHD0iu_7uifsNPydHII3npd4IEk4DnCEUYD6Y7wV1wXPfJUhkk9OdNgDmsTrQra9Ycr2FFmXtv_PmwPvTIByR2ndXEMlkIgY_QenQ8CLQnJRzTPpPiBa2VtCeBM7UncAEsC7QLKDnfhcrZiqAo6YGkeojoWucFjJvgN_tMpW0rjLfyMJ6PQ6LXkE5tKrj.q8nuNzTy4SDudJF.rKTKia75Zx9Lj_Fq0YvARlc3ZrWQzftIclc_dioaAixsJXVPsvxxiHDAvHj69MwSp7AYNiV0VMRXhX"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=923f9a04cddf3fdc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4-107-6940?__lrTS=20250321184436922&__cf_chl_rt_tk=BSAcMWCEuxKqHY9tt9OGmSPRHeBOFWoxO_Wm36ZY2Nk-1742582677-1.0.1.1-.qIv7Hlr46RCbtnhBFbZ8ALIconvgbj7tPp1TdvO2aA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>