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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 300px; height: 225px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -320px; left: -150px; width: 588px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Siam_(Thailand)_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg/588px-Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg" decoding="async" width="588" height="1003" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg/882px-Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg/1176px-Kingdom_of_Siam_%28Thailand%29_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8823" data-file-height="15056" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Siam_(Thailand)_Map_1900_McCarthy.jpg" title="File:Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) Map 1900 McCarthy.jpg"> </a></div>Detail from <a href="/wiki/James_McCarthy_(surveyor)" title="James McCarthy (surveyor)">James McCarthy</a>'s 1900 map of Siam, showing Inner Cambodia as Munton Kamen (Monthon Khamen), as well as the national boundaries of the time, superimposed with those later adopted in 1907 </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Inner Cambodia</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a historical region in present-day <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> that was under the direct rule of <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> (Thailand) between 1794 and 1907. It covered much of north-western Cambodia, and included, most significantly, the cities of <b>Phra Tabong</b>, <b>Siammarat</b> and <b>Si Sophon</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now known by the Khmer names <a href="/wiki/Battambang" title="Battambang">Battambang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serei_Saophoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serei Saophoan">Serei Saophoan</a>). The region was ruled by a Bangkok-appointed governor who held the title <a href="/wiki/Aphaiphubet" title="Aphaiphubet">Aphaiphubet</a>, and was incorporated under the <i><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">monthon</a></i> administrative system in 1891, becoming known as <b>Monthon Burapha</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1900. The territory remained under Thai control until 1907, when it was <a href="/wiki/Franco-Siamese_treaty_of_1907" title="Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907">ceded to France</a> and incorporated into <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>. The region was again briefly annexed by <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand during the Second World War</a> from 1941 to 1946. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_of_Siamese_rule">Establishment of Siamese rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Establishment of Siamese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Angkor">post-Angkor</a> Cambodia was much weakened against its neighbours Siam to the west and Vietnam to the east, who <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_wars" title="Siamese–Vietnamese wars">fought for influence</a> over the smaller country. Following factional struggles in the 1770s, a pro-Siam nobleman named <a href="/wiki/Chaophraya_Aphaiphubet_(Baen)" title="Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Baen)">Baen</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> brought Prince <a href="/wiki/Ang_Eng" title="Ang Eng">Ang Eng</a>, the only male survivor of the Cambodian royal family, to take refuge in Bangkok under the Siamese King <a href="/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">Rama I</a>. Baen received the title Chaophraya Aphaiphubet from the Thai court, and was established as the <i>de facto</i> ruler in the Cambodian royal capital of <a href="/wiki/Oudong" title="Oudong">Oudong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSS_1972-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Prince was allowed to return to Cambodia to assume the throne in 1794, Rama I had the northwestern area of the country, which constituted most of its border with Siam, placed under the control of Baen, who was instituted as governor of the region, based in Battambang (known in Thai as Phra Tabong). Siem Reap (Siam Rap in Thai,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later changed to Siammarat), the site of the ancient Khmer capital of <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>, was the other major town in the region, the most fertile in Cambodia. This served a twofold purpose, strengthening Siam's control over the frontier while removing Baen from the conflict in Oudong, where his rule was deeply unpopular.<sup id="cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSS_1972-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region, whose governor ruled autonomously according to Cambodian customs but reported directly to Bangkok, became known to the Thais as Inner Cambodia, while the remainder, Outer Cambodia, continued to be ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian monarchy">Cambodian monarch</a>, who was at various times under <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary</a> status to Siam, Vietnam, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-Silpa_2006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silpa_2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Baen's death in 1809 shortly after that of Rama I, the new Thai king <a href="/wiki/Rama_II" title="Rama II">Rama II</a> named Baen's son as the new governor at Phra Tabong, inheriting the <a href="/wiki/Aphaiphubet" title="Aphaiphubet">Aphaiphubet</a> title. While Khmer sources would later dispute the act, stating that the arrangement was originally understood to be limited to Baen's lifetime, it established the hereditary succession which placed rule over the region in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Abhayavongsa_family" title="Abhayavongsa family">Abhayavongsa family</a> for much of the following century, except for the period between 1834 and 1839, when the Thai court granted the role to the Cambodian prince <a href="/wiki/Ang_Em_(prince)" title="Ang Em (prince)">Ang Im</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSS_1972-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phra Tabong served as an outpost from which Siam launched military expeditions into Cambodia, especially during its wars with Vietnam in <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1833%E2%80%931834)" title="Siamese–Vietnamese War (1833–1834)">1833–1834</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_(1841%E2%80%931845)" title="Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–1845)">1841–1845</a>, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Rama_III" title="Rama III">Rama III</a>. The Thai military commander <a href="/wiki/Chaophraya_Bodindecha" title="Chaophraya Bodindecha">Chaophraya Bodindecha</a>, who led the campaigns, oversaw the reconstruction of the city and its fortifications from 1837 to 1838, and did so in Siammarat as well.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also founded the towns of Mongkhon Buri<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now <a href="/wiki/Mongkol_Borey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongkol Borey">Mongkol Borey</a>) and Si Sophon (<a href="/wiki/Serei_Saophoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serei Saophoan">Serei Saophoan</a>), the latter of which was mainly populated by Lao forced settlers following Siam's conquest of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vientiane" title="Kingdom of Vientiane">Vientiane</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anouvong_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anouvong rebellion">1826–1828 war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonial_pressures">Colonial pressures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial pressures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg/220px-Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg/330px-Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg/440px-Wat_Phra_Sri_Rattana_Satsadaram_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wat_Phra_Kaew#Model_of_Angkor_Wat" title="Wat Phra Kaew">scale model of Angkor Wat</a> at Wat Phra Kaew, completed in 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>With <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France's colonial expansion</a> into Southeast Asia in the second half of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate of Cambodia</a> was established in 1863. After a few years of diplomatic manoeuvring over Cambodia's tributary status, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Siamese_treaty_of_1867&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Siamese treaty of 1867 (page does not exist)">Franco-Siamese treaty of 1867</a> was concluded in Paris, in which Siam recognized the protectorate and relinquished its claims to suzerainty over Cambodia, while France recognized Siam's territorial claims over Battambang and Siem Reap, including the monument of <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though some officials of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> had opposed Siam's claims).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the French expressed continued interest in the ruins of Angkor, which had been popularized in the Western imagination by the writings of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Mouhot" title="Henri Mouhot">Henri Mouhot</a> following his travels there in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siam's King <a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a> (Rama IV) also showed interest in the monuments, and also in 1860 he had ordered the dismantling of a small Khmer temple for reconstruction in Bangkok.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 2,000 labourers were conscripted for the project, which was terminated after a band of local Khmers emerged from the jungle to attack the party and murdered the Siam-employed officials overseeing the work. Later, in 1867, Mongkut would commission a different representation of Angkor in Bangkok, and had a scale model of <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a> built in the royal temple of <a href="/wiki/Wat_Phra_Kaew" title="Wat Phra Kaew">Wat Phra Kaew</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palace" title="Grand Palace">Grand Palace</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its location in Siam, the French were able to secure permission for exploration and study of Angkor's sites, and developed Angkorian art and architecture into a symbol of Cambodian national identity. These seemingly academic undertakings also served political purposes, helping to strengthen France's colonial agenda and further the argument for the region to be returned to Cambodia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As colonial pressure increased towards the end of the century, King <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> (Rama V) implemented centralizing reforms and introduced the <a href="/wiki/Monthon_Thesaphiban" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthon Thesaphiban">Monthon Thesaphiban</a> administration system to bring Siam's fringe towns and cities (<i><a href="/wiki/Mueang" title="Mueang">mueang</a></i>) and tributaries under Bangkok's direct control, effectively annexing them into Thai territory in line with the Western concept of territorial sovereignty. Inner Cambodia, now comprising the <i>mueang</i> of Phra Tabong, Siammarat, Si Sophon and Phanom Sok<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Phnom_Srok" class="mw-redirect" title="Phnom Srok">Phnom Srok</a>), was established as Monthon Khamen<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1891. Phraya Maha-ammattayathibbodi (Run Siphen) was posted as commissioner to the new <i>monthon</i>, based in Si Sophon.<sup id="cite_ref-Monthon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monthon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Phnom_Penh,_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg/250px-2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg/330px-2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg/500px-2016_Phnom_Penh%2C_Pomnik_kr%C3%B3la_Sisowatha_po%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cony_traktatowi_z_1907_roku_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5260" data-file-height="3507" /></a><figcaption>The return of Battambang, Siem Reap and Sisophon was celebrated by the French, who created a monument of King Sisowath dedicated to the treaty at <a href="/wiki/Wat_Phnom" title="Wat Phnom">Wat Phnom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>However, the conflict with France soon erupted into the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Siamese_crisis_of_1893" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893">Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893</a>, which resulted in Siam being forced to cede extensive territory to France. Inner Cambodia remained under Siam's control, though the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Siamese_treaty_of_1893&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Siamese treaty of 1893 (page does not exist)">Franco-Siamese treaty of 1893</a> demanded that Siam demilitarize the area. With the Thai government's wariness over further French designs, little effort was made to support development and fully implement reforms in the region,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was renamed to Monthon Tawan-ok<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1899 and Monthon Burapha (both meaning 'east <i>monthon'</i>) in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-Monthon_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monthon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation continued until the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Siamese_treaty_of_1907" title="Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907">Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907</a> was concluded, with Siam ceding control of the remaining area of Inner Cambodia to France in exchange of the towns of <a href="/wiki/Trat" title="Trat">Trat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sai" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Sai">Dan Sai</a>, which had been under French occupation since 1904, as well as the ending of French <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a> over Asian subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-Silpa_2006_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silpa_2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Briggs_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briggs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last governor of Battambang under Siamese rule, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaophraya_Aphaiphubet_(Chum_Abhayavongsa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Chum Abhayavongsa) (page does not exist)">Chum Abhayavongsa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C)" class="extiw" title="th:เจ้าพระยาอภัยภูเบศร (ชุ่ม อภัยวงศ์)">th</a>]</span>, relocated to <a href="/wiki/Prachin_Buri" class="mw-redirect" title="Prachin Buri">Prachin Buri</a>, where he commissioned the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya_Aphaiphubet_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Chao Phraya Aphaiphubet Building">Chao Phraya Aphaiphubet Building</a>, regarded as a sister building of the Governor's Residence in Battambang, which he had also commissioned just prior to the handover. Both buildings now serve as museums.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png/220px-Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png/330px-Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png/440px-Provinces_of_Cambodia_loss_to_Thailand_during_Franco-Thai_War.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Cambodia and southern Laos annexed by Thailand during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a> in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In the prelude to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific theater</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the nationalist government of Thai Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram <a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Thai war">invaded French Indochina</a> in 1940 to pursue its irridentist <a href="/wiki/Pan-Thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Thai">pan-Thai</a> ideology and reclaim what it regarded as <a href="/wiki/Territorial_losses_of_Thailand" title="Territorial losses of Thailand">Thailand's lost territories</a>. The war concluded in 1941 with an armistice negotiated by Japan, in which France ceded the areas around Battambang and Siem Reap (north and west of Angkor), which were incorporated as the Thai territories of <a href="/wiki/Phra_Tabong_province" title="Phra Tabong province">Phra Tabong province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phibunsongkhram_province" title="Phibunsongkhram province">Phibunsongkhram province</a>, respectively, as well as those now part of <a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_province" title="Preah Vihear province">Preah Vihear province</a> and Laos' <a href="/wiki/Champasak_province" title="Champasak province">Champasak province</a> (becoming <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Champasak_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Champasak province">Nakhon Champasak province</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sainyabuli_province" title="Sainyabuli province">Sainyabuli province</a> (which became <a href="/wiki/Lan_Chang_province" title="Lan Chang province">Lan Chang province</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deth_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deth-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Japan's defeat, Thailand relinquished these claims and returned the territories in 1946 as a condition for its admission into the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deth_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deth-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">เขมรส่วนใน</span> <span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn">Khamen Suan Nai</i></span> 'inner Khmer'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">พระตะบอง</span></span>, <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">เสียมราฐ</span></span> and <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ศรีโสภณ</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">มณฑลบูรพา</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also spelled <i>Ben</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">เสียมราบ</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">มงคลบุรี</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Thai royal chronicles name the temple as Phathai Ta Phrom (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ผไทตาพรหม</span></span>); some sources equate the name to the <a href="/wiki/Ta_Prohm" title="Ta Prohm">Ta Prohm</a> temple known today.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">พนมศก</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">มณฑลเขมร</span></span> 'Monthon Khmer'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">มณฑลตะวันออก</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Cambodia–Thailand relations">Cambodia–Thailand relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Cambodia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JSS_1972-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSS_1972_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChandler1972" class="citation journal cs1">Chandler, David P. 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DeGruyter. pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110335842-004">10.1515/9783110335842-004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-033584-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-033584-2"><bdi>978-3-11-033584-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=I.+Lost+in+Translation%3F+The+Mekong+Mission+of+1866+and+the+Plaster+Casts+from+Angkor+at+the+Parisian+Universal+Exhibition+of+1867&rft.btitle=Angkor+Wat+%E2%80%93+A+Transcultural+History+of+Heritage&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.pub=DeGruyter&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110335842-004&rft.isbn=978-3-11-033584-2&rft.aulast=Falser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Cambodia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalser2020" class="citation book cs1">Falser, Michael (2020). 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Glienicke: Galda Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783962031305" title="Special:BookSources/9783962031305"><bdi>9783962031305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cambodia-Thailand+Diplomatic+Relations+1950%E2%80%932020&rft.place=Glienicke&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.edition=Revised+and+updated+version&rft.pub=Galda+Verlag&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9783962031305&rft.aulast=Deth&rft.aufirst=Sok+Udom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWD0NEQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInner+Cambodia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_provinces_of_Thailand" title="Template:Former provinces of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_provinces_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Former provinces of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_provinces_of_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former provinces of Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Thailand&#124;link=Thailand_Historical_administrative_divisions_of_Thailand390" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Historical <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">administrative divisions of Thailand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">Monthon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Krungthep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Krungthep (page does not exist)">Krungthep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Krungkao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Krungkao (page does not exist)">Krungkao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon_Burapha" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthon Burapha">Burapha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Syburi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Syburi (page does not exist)">Syburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Maharat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Maharat (page does not exist)">Maharat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Nakhon_Chai_Si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Nakhon Chai Si (page does not exist)">Nakhon Chai Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon_Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" title="Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Phayap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Phayap (page does not exist)">Phayap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Ratchaburi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Ratchaburi (page does not exist)">Ratchaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Prachinburi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Prachinburi (page does not exist)">Prachinburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Chanthaburi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Chanthaburi (page does not exist)">Chanthaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Phitsanulok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Phitsanulok (page does not exist)">Phitsanulok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Nakhonsawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Nakhonsawan (page does not exist)">Nakhonsawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Phetchabun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Phetchabun (page does not exist)">Phetchabun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Nakhon_Ratchasima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Nakhon Ratchasima (page does not exist)">Nakhon Ratchasima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Roi-et&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Roi-et (page does not exist)">Roi-et</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Ubon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Ubon (page does not exist)">Ubon (Laokao)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Udon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Udon (page does not exist)">Udon (Laophuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon_Surat" title="Monthon Surat">Chumphon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Phuket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Phuket (page does not exist)">Phuket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monthon_Pattani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monthon Pattani (page does not exist)">Pattani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inner Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharat_Thai_Doem" title="Saharat Thai Doem">Saharat Thai Doem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Rat_Malai" title="Si Rat Malai">Si Rat Malai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phra_Nakhon_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phra Nakhon province (page does not exist)">Phra Nakhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi">Thonburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min_Buri_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Min Buri province (page does not exist)">Min Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanyaburi_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanyaburi province (page does not exist)">Thanyaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koh_Kong_Province_(1941)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koh Kong Province (1941) (page does not exist)">Patchanta Khirikhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_Chang_province" title="Lan Chang province">Lan Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Champassak_province" title="Nakhon Champassak province">Nakhon Champassak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phibunsongkhram_province" title="Phibunsongkhram province">Phibunsongkhram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phra_Tabong_province" title="Phra Tabong province">Phra Tabong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra_Buri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra Buri District">Kra Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takua_Pa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Takua Pa District">Takua Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawankhalok_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sawankhalok province (page does not exist)">Sawankhalok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phra_Pradaeng_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phra Pradaeng province (page does not exist)">Phra Pradaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Suan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lang Suan District">Lang Suan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Buri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sai Buri District">Sai Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabin_Buri_province&action=edit&redlink=1" 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