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Moulianitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgenios%20Scourboutis"> Evgenios Scourboutis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilias%20Katsanis"> Ilias Katsanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paraskevas%20Papanikos"> Paraskevas Papanikos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolas%20Zacharopoulos"> Nikolas Zacharopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the conceptual design of an automated biomethane potential measurement system. First, the design specifications for the BMP system and the basic components of the system will be presented. Three concepts that meet the design specifications will be presented. The basic characteristics of each concept will be analyzed in detail. The concepts will be evaluated using a set of design criteria that includes flexibility, cost, size, complexity, aesthetics, and accessibility in order to determine the best solution. The evaluation will be based on the discrete Choquet integral. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20biomethane%20test" title="automated biomethane test">automated biomethane test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20mechatronics%20design" title=" conceptual mechatronics design"> conceptual mechatronics design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20evaluation" title=" concept evaluation"> concept evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choquet%20integral" title=" Choquet integral"> Choquet integral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160417/conceptual-design-of-an-automated-biomethane-test-using-interacting-criteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17899</span> Economic Evaluation of Biogas and Biomethane from Animal Manure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Shafayyan">Shahab Shafayyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Naderi"> Tara Naderi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biogas is the product of decomposition of organic materials. A variety of sources, including animal wastes, municipal solid wastes, sewage and agricultural wastes may be used to produce biogas in an anaerobic process. The main forming material of biogas is methane gas, which can be used directly in a variety of ways, such as heating and as fuel, which is very common in a number of countries, such as China and India. In this article, the cost of biogas production from animal fertilizers, and its refined form, bio methane gas has been studied and it is shown that it can be an alternative for natural gas in terms of costs, in the near future. The cost of biogas purification to biomethane is more than three times the cost of biogas production for an average unit. Biomethane production costs, calculated for a small unit, is about $9/MMBTU and for an average unit is about $5.9/MMBTU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title="biogas">biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane" title=" biomethane"> biomethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20evaluation" title=" economic evaluation"> economic evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18740/economic-evaluation-of-biogas-and-biomethane-from-animal-manure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17898</span> Aspects of the Detail Design of an Automated Biomethane Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilias%20Katsanis">Ilias Katsanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paraskevas%20Papanikos"> Paraskevas Papanikos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolas%20Zacharopoulos"> Nikolas Zacharopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vassilis%20C.%20Moulianitis"> Vassilis C. Moulianitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgenios%20Scourboutis"> Evgenios Scourboutis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diamantis%20T.%20Panagiotarakos"> Diamantis T. Panagiotarakos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents aspects of the detailed design of an automated biomethane potential measurement system using CAD techniques. First, the design specifications grouped in eight sets that are used to design the design alternatives are briefly presented. Then, the major components of the final concept, as well as the design of the test, are presented. The material selection process is made using ANSYS EduPack database software. The mechanical behavior of one component developed in Creo v.5 is evaluated using finite element analysis. Finally, aspects of software development that integrate the BMP test is finally presented. This paper shows the advantages of CAD techniques in product design applied in the design of a mechatronic product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20biomethane%20test" title="automated biomethane test">automated biomethane test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detail%20mechatronics%20design" title=" detail mechatronics design"> detail mechatronics design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20selection" title=" materials selection"> materials selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20analysis" title=" mechanical analysis"> mechanical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160418/aspects-of-the-detail-design-of-an-automated-biomethane-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17897</span> Anaerobic Digestion Batch Study of Taxonomic Variations in Microbial Communities during Adaptation of Consortium to Different Lignocellulosic Substrates Using Targeted Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Dargode">Priyanka Dargode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhas%20Gore"> Suhas Gore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20Sharma"> Manju Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Lali"> Arvind Lali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaerobic digestion has been widely used for production of methane from different biowastes. However, the complexity of microbial communities involved in the process is poorly understood. The performance of biogas production process concerning the process productivity is closely coupled to its microbial community structure and syntrophic interactions amongst the community members. The present study aims at understanding taxonomic variations occurring in any starter inoculum when acclimatised to different lignocellulosic biomass (LBM) feedstocks relating to time of digestion. The work underlines use of high throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for validating the changes in taxonomic patterns of microbial communities. Biomethane Potential (BMP) batches were set up with different pretreated and non-pretreated LBM residues using the same microbial consortium and samples were withdrawn for studying the changes in microbial community in terms of its structure and predominance with respect to changes in metabolic profile of the process. DNA of samples withdrawn at different time intervals with reference to performance changes of the digestion process, was extracted followed by its 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis using Illumina Platform. Biomethane potential and substrate consumption was monitored using Gas Chromatography(GC) and reduction in COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) respectively. Taxonomic analysis by QIIME server data revealed that microbial community structure changes with different substrates as well as at different time intervals. It was observed that biomethane potential of each substrate was relatively similar but, the time required for substrate utilization and its conversion to biomethane was different for different substrates. This could be attributed to the nature of substrate and consequently the discrepancy between the dominance of microbial communities with regards to different substrate and at different phases of anaerobic digestion process. Knowledge of microbial communities involved would allow a rational substrate specific consortium design which will help to reduce consortium adaptation period and enhance the substrate utilisation resulting in improved efficacy of biogas process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplicon%20sequencing" title="amplicon sequencing">amplicon sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential" title=" biomethane potential"> biomethane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20predominance" title=" community predominance"> community predominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxonomic%20analysis" title=" taxonomic analysis"> taxonomic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77289/anaerobic-digestion-batch-study-of-taxonomic-variations-in-microbial-communities-during-adaptation-of-consortium-to-different-lignocellulosic-substrates-using-targeted-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17896</span> Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes for Biogas Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayhan%20Varol">Ayhan Varol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysenur%20Ugurlu"> Aysenur Ugurlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and climate change, there is a rising interest in renewable energy sources. In this concept, a wide range of biomass (energy crops, animal manure, solid wastes, etc.) are used for energy production. There has been a growing interest in biomethane production from biomass. Biomethane production from organic wastes is a promising alternative for waste management by providing organic matter stabilization. Anaerobic digestion of organic material produces biogas, and organic substrate is degraded into a more stable material. Therefore, anaerobic digestion technology helps reduction of carbon emissions and produces renewable energy. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR), as well as TS (VS) loadings, influences the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes significantly. The optimum range for HRT varies between 15 days to 30 days, whereas OLR differs between 0.5 to 5 g/L.d depending on the substrate type and its lipid, protein and carbohydrate contents. The organic wastes have biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion. In this study, biomethane production potential of wastes like sugar beet bagasse, agricultural residues, food wastes, olive mill pulp, and dairy manure having different characteristics was investigated in mesophilic CSTR reactor, and their performances were compared. The reactor was mixed in order to provide homogenized content at a rate of 80 rpm. The organic matter content of these wastes was between 85 to 94 % with 61% (olive pulp) to 22 % (food waste) dry matter content. The hydraulic retention time changed between 20-30 days. High biogas productions, 13.45 to 5.70 mL/day, were achieved from the wastes studied when operated at 9 to 10.5% TS loadings where OLR varied between 2.92 and 3.95 gVS/L.day. The results showed that food wastes have higher specific methane production rate and volumetric methane production potential than the other wastes studied, under the similar OLR values. The SBP was 680, 585, 540, 390 and 295 mL/g VS for food waste, agricultural residues, sugar beet bagasse, olive pulp and dairy manure respectively. The methane content of the biogas varied between 72 and 60 %. The volatile solids conversion rate for food waste was 62%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20production" title="biogas production">biogas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20wastes" title=" organic wastes"> organic wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane" title=" biomethane"> biomethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52438/anaerobic-digestion-of-organic-wastes-for-biogas-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17895</span> Anaerobic Digestion of Coffee Wastewater from a Fast Inoculum Adaptation Stage: Replacement of Complex Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lepe-Cervantes">D. Lepe-Cervantes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Leon-Becerril"> E. Leon-Becerril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Gomez-Romero"> J. Gomez-Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Garcia-Depraect"> O. Garcia-Depraect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Lopez-Lopez"> A. Lopez-Lopez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, raw coffee wastewater (CWW) was used as a complex substrate for anaerobic digestion. The inoculum adaptation stage, microbial diversity analysis and biomethane potential (BMP) tests were performed. A fast inoculum adaptation stage was used by the replacement of vinasse to CWW in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (AnSBR) operated at mesophilic conditions. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyze the microbial diversity. While, BMP tests using inoculum adapted to CWW were carried out at different inoculum to substrate (I/S) ratios (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, on a VS basis). Results show that the adaptability percentage was increased gradually until it reaches the highest theoretical value in a short time of 10 d; with a methane yield of 359.10 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/g COD-removed; <em>Methanobacterium beijingense</em> was the most abundant microbial (75%) and the greatest specific methane production was achieved at I/S ratio 4:1, whereas the lowest was obtained at 2:1, with BMP values of 320 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS and 151 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS, respectively. In conclusion, gradual replacement of substrate was a feasible method to adapt the inoculum in a short time even using complex raw substrates, whereas in the BMP tests, the specific methane production was proportional to the initial amount of inoculum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential%20test" title=" biomethane potential test"> biomethane potential test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee%20wastewater" title=" coffee wastewater"> coffee wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20inoculum%20adaptation" title=" fast inoculum adaptation"> fast inoculum adaptation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64826/anaerobic-digestion-of-coffee-wastewater-from-a-fast-inoculum-adaptation-stage-replacement-of-complex-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17894</span> Biomethane Production Potential from Agricultural Residues in the Canadian Prairies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashu%20Gautam">Bashu Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishnu%20Acharya"> Bishnu Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Kumar%20Dalai"> Ajay Kumar Dalai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shift from coal to natural gas for power generation is seen as a cleaner alternative, but the growing reliance on natural gas could hinder efforts to reduce the overall carbon footprint. In response, biomethane is gaining attention as a viable option during this transitional period, particularly due to its ability to be produced from organic waste, making it a key player in waste-to-energy systems. In Canada's Prairie provinces, where fossil fuels dominate energy production, there is increasing interest in using agricultural crops for biomethane production. This strategy not only supports decarbonization efforts but also helps the provinces meet their climate targets. Our research investigates various pretreatment methods, including steam explosion and alkaline treatments, applied to agricultural residues such as flax, hemp, and canola straw to assess their potential for biomethane production. Tea bags were used to monitor compositional changes in the biomass during anaerobic digestion over periods of 10, 20, and 30 days. Additionally, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of the digested sludge was conducted at 200°C for one hour. These pretreatments significantly improve biogas yield by making the biomass more digestible. For example, alkaline pretreatment (using 10% NaOH for 4 hours at room temperature) increased the cellulose and lignin content while reducing hemicellulose. This led to a 117% higher biogas yield from flax straw compared to untreated samples, with methane content rising from 41% to 67% in treated samples, compared to 14% to 63% in untreated ones. Alkaline treatment works by breaking down lignin and weakening the lignin-hemicellulose complex, which makes cellulose and hemicellulose more accessible, thereby enhancing the biomass's digestibility and increasing biogas production. Also, the results showed a yield of 82 m³ of renewable natural gas (RNG) per ton of raw canola straw and 137 m³ of RNG per ton of steam-exploded canola straw biomass. Moreover, the study found that cellulose decomposed faster than hemicellulose during anaerobic digestion, while lignin remained largely unaffected. Pretreated agricultural biomass showed strong potential for efficient renewable natural gas production. The HTC process further boosted the carbon content and reduced the oxygen content, raising the calorific value of the biomass. In canola straw, for instance, the calorific value increased by 17%, from 17-18 MJ/kg to 20-21 MJ/kg after HTC treatment. The detailed findings of these studies will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane" title="biomethane">biomethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transition" title=" energy transition"> energy transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20natural%20gas" title=" renewable natural gas"> renewable natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20biomass" title=" agricultural biomass"> agricultural biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191038/biomethane-production-potential-from-agricultural-residues-in-the-canadian-prairies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17893</span> Evaluating the Process of Biofuel Generation from Grass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karan%20Bhandari">Karan Bhandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Almost quarter region of Indian terrain is covered by grasslands. Grass being a low maintenance perennial crop is in abundance. Farmers are well acquainted with its nature, yield and storage. The aim of this paper is to study and identify the applicability of grass as a source of bio fuel. Anaerobic break down is a well-recognized technology. This process is vital for harnessing bio fuel from grass. Grass is a lignocellulosic material which is fibrous and can readily cause problems with parts in motion. Further, it also has a tendency to float. This paper also deals with the ideal digester configuration for biogas generation from grass. Intensive analysis of the literature is studied on the optimum production of grass storage in accordance with bio digester specifications. Subsequent to this two different digester systems were designed, fabricated, analyzed. The first setup was a double stage wet continuous arrangement usually known as a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). The next was a double stage, double phase system implementing Sequentially Fed Leach Beds using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (SLBR-UASB). The above methodologies were carried for the same feedstock acquired from the same field. Examination of grass silage was undertaken using Biomethane Potential values. The outcomes portrayed that the Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor system produced about 450 liters of methane per Kg of volatile solids, at a detention period of 48 days. The second method involving Leach Beds produced about 340 liters of methane per Kg of volatile solids with a detention period of 28 days. The results showcased that CSTR when designed exclusively for grass proved to be extremely efficient in methane production. The SLBR-UASB has significant potential to allow for lower detention times with significant levels of methane production. This technology has immense future for research and development in India in terms utilizing of grass crop as a non-conventional source of fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential%20values" title="biomethane potential values">biomethane potential values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20digester%20specifications" title=" bio digester specifications"> bio digester specifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuously%20stirred%20tank%20reactor" title=" continuously stirred tank reactor"> continuously stirred tank reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upflow%20anaerobic%20sludge%20blanket" title=" upflow anaerobic sludge blanket"> upflow anaerobic sludge blanket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60567/evaluating-the-process-of-biofuel-generation-from-grass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17892</span> Industrial Wastewater from Paper Mills Used for Biofuel Production and Soil Improvement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20M.%20Granstrom">Karin M. Granstrom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paper mills produce wastewater with a high content of organic substances. Treatment usually consists of sedimentation, biological treatment of activated sludge basins, and chemical precipitation. The resulting sludges are currently a waste problem, deposited in landfills or used as low-grade fuels for incineration. There is a growing awareness of the need for energy efficiency and environmentally sound management of sludge. A resource-efficient method would be to digest the wastewater sludges anaerobically to produce biogas, refine the biogas to biomethane for use in the transportation sector, and utilize the resulting digestate for soil improvement. The biomethane yield of pulp and paper wastewater sludge is comparable to that of straw or manure. As a bonus, the digestate has an improved dewaterability compared to the feedstock biosludge. Limitations of this process are predominantly a weak economic viability - necessitating both sufficiently large-scale paper production for the necessary large amounts of produced wastewater sludge, and the resolving of remaining questions on the certifiability of the digestate and thus its sales price. A way to improve the practical and economical feasibility of using paper mill wastewater for biomethane production and soil improvement is to co-digest it with other feedstocks. In this study, pulp and paper sludge were co-digested with (1) silage and manure, (2) municipal sewage sludge, (3) food waste, or (4) microalgae. Biomethane yield analysis was performed in 500 ml batch reactors, using an Automatic Methane Potential Test System at thermophilic temperature, with a 20 days test duration. The results show that (1) the harvesting season of grass silage and manure collection was an important factor for methane production, with spring feedstocks producing much more than autumn feedstock, and pulp mill sludge benefitting the most from co-digestion; (2) pulp and paper mill sludge is a suitable co-substrate to add when a high nitrogen content cause impaired biogas production due to ammonia inhibition; (3) the combination of food waste and paper sludge gave higher methane yield than either of the substrates digested separately; (4) pure microalgae gave the highest methane yield. In conclusion, although pulp and paper mills are an almost untapped resource for biomethane production, their wastewater is a suitable feedstock for such a process. Furthermore, through co-digestion, the pulp and paper mill wastewater and mill sludges can aid biogas production from more nutrient-rich waste streams from other industries. Such co-digestion also enhances the soil improvement properties of the residue digestate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic" title="anaerobic">anaerobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane" title=" biomethane"> biomethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper" title=" paper"> paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludge" title=" sludge"> sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89571/industrial-wastewater-from-paper-mills-used-for-biofuel-production-and-soil-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17891</span> Quantification of Biomethane Potential from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste at Vaal University of Technology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgomotso%20Matobole">Kgomotso Matobole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Mwenge"> Pascal Mwenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumisang%20Seodigeng"> Tumisang Seodigeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global urbanisation and worldwide economic growth have caused a high rate of food waste generation, resulting in environmental pollution. Food waste disposed on landfills decomposes to produce methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), a greenhouse gas. Inadequate waste management practices contribute to food waste polluting the environment. Thus effective organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) management and treatment are attracting widespread attention in many countries. This problem can be minimised by the employment of anaerobic digestion process, since food waste is rich in organic matter and highly biodegradable, resulting in energy generation and waste volume reduction. The current study investigated the Biomethane Potential (BMP) of the Vaal University of Technology canteen food waste using anaerobic digestion. Tests were performed on canteen food waste, as a substrate, with total solids (TS) of 22%, volatile solids (VS) of 21% and moisture content of 78%. The tests were performed in batch reactors, at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C, with two different types of inoculum, primary and digested sludge. The resulting CH<sub>4</sub> yields for both food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge were equal, being 357 Nml/g VS. This indicated that food waste form this canteen is rich in organic and highly biodegradable. Hence it can be used as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process. The food waste with digested sludge and primary sludge both fitted the first order kinetic model with k for primary sludge inoculated food waste being 0.278 day<sup>-1</sup> with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.98, whereas k for digested sludge inoculated food waste being 0.034 day<sup>-1</sup>, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.847. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-methane%20potential" title=" bio-methane potential"> bio-methane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102298/quantification-of-biomethane-potential-from-anaerobic-digestion-of-food-waste-at-vaal-university-of-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17890</span> Anaerobic Co-digestion of the Halophyte Salicornia Ramosissima and Pig Manure in Lab-Scale Batch and Semi-continuous Stirred Tank Reactors: Biomethane Production and Reactor Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aadila%20Cayenne">Aadila Cayenne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hinrich%20Uellendahl"> Hinrich Uellendahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process of halophytic plants is essential as the biomass contains a high salt content that can inhibit the AD process. Anaerobic co-digestion, together with manure, can resolve the inhibitory effects of saline biomass in order to dilute the salt concentration and establish favorable conditions for the microbial consortia of the AD process. The present laboratory study investigated the co-digestion of S. ramosissima (Sram), and pig manure (PM) in batch and semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) under mesophilic (38oC) conditions. The 0.5L batch reactor experiments were in mono- and co-digestion of Sram: PM using different percent volatile solid (VS) based ratios (0:100, 15:85, 25:75, 35:65, 50:50, 100:0) with an inoculum to substate (I/R) ratio of 2. Two 5L CSTR systems (R1 and R2) were operated for 133 days with a feed of PM in a control reactor (R1) and with a co-digestion feed in an increasing Sram VS ratio of Sram: PM of 15:85, 25:75, 35:65 in reactor R2 at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 gVS/L/d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days. After a start-up phase of 8 weeks for both reactors R1 and R2 with PM feed alone, the halophyte biomass Sram was added to the feed of R2 in an increasing ratio of 15 – 35 %VS Sram over an 11-week period. The process performance was monitored by pH, total solid (TS), VS, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 – N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and biomethane production. In the batch experiments, biomethane yields of 423, 418, 392, 365, 315, and 214 mL-CH4/gVS were achieved for mixtures of 0:100, 15:85, 25:75, 35:65, 50:50, 100:0 %VS Sram: PM, respectively. In the semi-continuous reactor processes, the average biomethane yields were 235, 387, and 365 mL-CH4/gVS for the phase of a co-digestion feed ratio in R2 of 15:85, 25:75, and 35:65 %VS Sram: PM, respectively. The methane yield of PM alone in R1 was in the corresponding phases on average 260, 388, and 446 mL-CH4/gVS. Accordingly, in the continuous AD process, the methane yield of the halophyte Sram was highest at 386 mL-CH4/gVS in the co-digestion ratio of 25:75%VS Sram: PM and significantly lower at 15:85 %VS Sram: PM (100 mL-CH4/gVS) and at 35:65 %VS Sram (214 mL-CH4/gVS). The co-digestion process showed no signs of inhibition at 2 – 4 g/L NH4 – N, 3.5 – 4.5 g/L TN, and total VFA of 0.45 – 2.6 g/L (based on Acetic, Propionic, Butyric and Valeric acid). This study demonstrates that a stable co-digestion process of S. ramosissima and pig manure can be achieved with a feed of 25%VS Sram at HRT of 20 d and OLR of 2 gVS/L/d. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20co-digestion" title="anaerobic co-digestion">anaerobic co-digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20production" title=" biomethane production"> biomethane production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halophytes" title=" halophytes"> halophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig%20manure" title=" pig manure"> pig manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicornia%20ramosissima" title=" salicornia ramosissima"> salicornia ramosissima</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163388/anaerobic-co-digestion-of-the-halophyte-salicornia-ramosissima-and-pig-manure-in-lab-scale-batch-and-semi-continuous-stirred-tank-reactors-biomethane-production-and-reactor-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17889</span> Analysis of Dust Particles in Snow Cover in the Surroundings of the City of Ostrava: Particle Size Distribution, Zeta Potential and Heavy Metal Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Marsalek">Roman Marsalek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, snow samples containing dust particles from several sampling points around the city of Ostrava were analyzed. The pH values of sampled snow were measured and solid particles analyzed. Particle size, zeta potential and content of selected heavy metals were determined in solid particles. The pH values of most samples lay in the slightly acid region. Mean values of particle size ranged from 290.5 to 620.5 nm. Zeta potential values varied between -5 and -26.5 mV. The following heavy metal concentration ranges were found: copper 0.08-0.75 mg/g, lead 0.05-0.9 mg/g, manganese 0.45-5.9 mg/g and iron 25.7-280.46 mg/g. The highest values of copper and lead were found in the vicinity of busy crossroads, and on the contrary, the highest levels of manganese and iron were detected close to a large steelworks. The proportion between pH values, zeta potentials, particle sizes and heavy metal contents was established. Zeta potential decreased with rising pH values and, simultaneously, heavy metal content in solid particles increased. At the same time, higher metal content corresponded to lower particle size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title="dust">dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow" title=" snow"> snow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particles%20size%20distribution" title=" particles size distribution"> particles size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12754/analysis-of-dust-particles-in-snow-cover-in-the-surroundings-of-the-city-of-ostrava-particle-size-distribution-zeta-potential-and-heavy-metal-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17888</span> Interplay of Material and Cycle Design in a Vacuum-Temperature Swing Adsorption Process for Biogas Upgrading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federico%20Capra">Federico Capra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emanuele%20Martelli"> Emanuele Martelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Gazzani"> Matteo Gazzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Mazzotti"> Marco Mazzotti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurizio%20Notaro"> Maurizio Notaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas is a major energy source in the current global economy, contributing to roughly 21% of the total primary energy consumption. Production of natural gas starting from renewable energy sources is key to limit the related CO2 emissions, especially for those sectors that heavily rely on natural gas use. In this context, biomethane produced via biogas upgrading represents a good candidate for partial substitution of fossil natural gas. The upgrading process of biogas to biomethane consists in (i) the removal of pollutants and impurities (e.g. H2S, siloxanes, ammonia, water), and (ii) the separation of carbon dioxide from methane. Focusing on the CO2 removal process, several technologies can be considered: chemical or physical absorption with solvents (e.g. water, amines), membranes, adsorption-based systems (PSA). However, none emerged as the leading technology, because of (i) the heterogeneity in plant size, ii) the heterogeneity in biogas composition, which is strongly related to the feedstock type (animal manure, sewage treatment, landfill products), (iii) the case-sensitive optimal tradeoff between purity and recovery of biomethane, and iv) the destination of the produced biomethane (grid injection, CHP applications, transportation sector). With this contribution, we explore the use of a technology for biogas upgrading and we compare the resulting performance with benchmark technologies. The proposed technology makes use of a chemical sorbent, which is engineered by RSE and consists of Di-Ethanol-Amine deposited on a solid support made of γ-Alumina, to chemically adsorb the CO2 contained in the gas. The material is packed into fixed beds that cyclically undergo adsorption and regeneration steps. CO2 is adsorbed at low temperature and ambient pressure (or slightly above) while the regeneration is carried out by pulling vacuum and increasing the temperature of the bed (vacuum-temperature swing adsorption - VTSA). Dynamic adsorption tests were performed by RSE and were used to tune the mathematical model of the process, including material and transport parameters (i.e. Langmuir isotherms data and heat and mass transport). Based on this set of data, an optimal VTSA cycle was designed. The results enabled a better understanding of the interplay between material and cycle tuning. As exemplary application, the upgrading of biogas for grid injection, produced by an anaerobic digester (60-70% CO2, 30-40% CH4), for an equivalent size of 1 MWel was selected. A plant configuration is proposed to maximize heat recovery and minimize the energy consumption of the process. The resulting performances are very promising compared to benchmark solutions, which make the VTSA configuration a valuable alternative for biomethane production starting from biogas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20upgrading" title="biogas upgrading">biogas upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20upgrading%20energetic%20cost" title=" biogas upgrading energetic cost"> biogas upgrading energetic cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20adsorption" title=" CO2 adsorption"> CO2 adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VTSA%20process%20modelling" title=" VTSA process modelling"> VTSA process modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59584/interplay-of-material-and-cycle-design-in-a-vacuum-temperature-swing-adsorption-process-for-biogas-upgrading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17887</span> The Psychological Significance of Cultural and Religious Values Among the Arab Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Mikhail">Michel Mikhail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Values, which are the guiding principles and beliefs of our lives, have an influence on one’s psychological health. This study aims to investigate how Schwartz’s four higher-order values (conservation, openness to change, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement) and religious values influence psychological health among the Arab population. Methods: A total of 1,023 respondents from nine Arab countries aged 18 to 71 filled out an online survey with measures of the following constructs: Schwartz’s four higher-order values (Portrait Value Questionnaire-21), religious values (Sahin’s Index of Islamic Moral Values), and general psychological health (General Health Questionnaire-28). Results: Two models of multiple regression were conducted to investigate the relationships between values and psychological health. Higher conservation, self-enhancement, and religious values were significantly associated with better psychological health, with conservation losing significance after adding religious values to the model. All of Schwartz’s four values were found to have a significant relationship with religious values. More self-enhancement and conservation values were associated with higher identification of religious values, and the opposite was true for the other two values. Conclusion: The findings challenged existing assumptions that conservation values relate negatively to psychological health. This finding could be explained by the congruence of conservation values and the Arab culture. The most powerful relationships were those of self-enhancement and religious values, both of which were positively associated with psychological health. As such, therapists should be aware to reconsider biases against religious or conservation values and rather pay attention to their potential positive influence over one’s psychological health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counseling%20psychology" title="counseling psychology">counseling psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counseling%20and%20cultural%20values" title=" counseling and cultural values"> counseling and cultural values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counseling%20and%20religious%20values" title=" counseling and religious values"> counseling and religious values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychotherapy%20and%20Arab%20values" title=" psychotherapy and Arab values"> psychotherapy and Arab values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187711/the-psychological-significance-of-cultural-and-religious-values-among-the-arab-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17886</span> Static Properties of Ge and Sr Isotopes in the Cluster Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Shojaei">Mohammad Reza Shojaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdeih%20Mirzaeinia"> Mahdeih Mirzaeinia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have studied the cluster structure of even-even stable isotopes of Ge and Sr. The Schrodinger equation has been solved using the generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method with a phenomenological potential. This potential is the sum of the attractive Yukawa-like potential, a Manning-Rosen-type potential, and the repulsive Yukawa potential for interaction between the cluster and the core. We have shown that the available experimental data of the first rotational band energies can be well described by assuming a binary system of the α cluster and the core and using an analytical solution. Our results were consistent with experimental values. Hence, this model can be applied to study the other even-even isotopes <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluser%20model" title="cluser model">cluser model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NU%20method" title=" NU method"> NU method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ge%20and%20Sr" title=" ge and Sr"> ge and Sr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20central" title=" potential central"> potential central</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156406/static-properties-of-ge-and-sr-isotopes-in-the-cluster-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17885</span> Values Education in Military Schools and Işıklar Air Force High School Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Eren%20%C3%87elik">Mehmet Eren Çelik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Values are notions that help people to decide what is good or not and to direct their attitude. Teaching values has always been very important throughout the history. Values should be thought in younger ages to get more efficiency. Therefore military schools are the last stop to learn values effectively. That’s why values education in military schools has vital importance. In this study the military side of values education is examined. The purpose of the study is to show how important values education is and why military students need values education. First of all what value is and what values education means is clearly explained and values education in schools and specifically in military schools is stated. Then values education in Işıklar Air Force High School exemplifies the given information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%C5%9F%C4%B1klar%20Air%20Force%20High%20School" title="Işıklar Air Force High School">Işıklar Air Force High School</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20school" title=" military school"> military school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values" title=" values"> values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values%20education" title=" values education "> values education </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24619/values-education-in-military-schools-and-isiklar-air-force-high-school-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17884</span> Exact Energy Spectrum and Expectation Values of the Inverse Square Root Potential Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedict%20Ita">Benedict Ita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Okoi"> Peter Okoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the concept of the extended Nikiforov-Uvarov technique is discussed and employed to obtain the exact bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions of the inverse square root potential. With expressions for the exact energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions, the expressions for the expectation values of the inverse separation-squared, kinetic energy, and the momentum-squared of the potential are presented using the Hellmann Feynman theorem. For visualization, algorithms written and implemented in Python language are used to generate tables and plots for l-states of the energy eigenvalues and some expectation values. The results obtained here may find suitable applications in areas like atomic and molecular physics, chemical physics, nuclear physics, and solid-state physics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schrodinger%20equation" title="Schrodinger equation">Schrodinger equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikoforov-Uvarov%20method" title=" Nikoforov-Uvarov method"> Nikoforov-Uvarov method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20square%20root%20potential" title=" inverse square root potential"> inverse square root potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diatomic%20molecules" title=" diatomic molecules"> diatomic molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Python%20programming" title=" Python programming"> Python programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hellmann-Feynman%20theorem" title=" Hellmann-Feynman theorem"> Hellmann-Feynman theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20order%20differential%20equation" title=" second order differential equation"> second order differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20algebra" title=" matrix algebra"> matrix algebra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192989/exact-energy-spectrum-and-expectation-values-of-the-inverse-square-root-potential-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17883</span> The Analysis of Solar Radiation Exergy in Hakkari</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Yildizhan">Hasan Yildizhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the Solar Energy Potential Atlas (GEPA) prepared by Turkish Ministry of Energy, Hakkari is ranked first in terms of sunshine duration and it is ranked eighth in terms of solar radiation energy. Accordingly, Hakkari has a rich potential of investment with regard to solar radiation energy. The part of the solar radiation energy arriving on the surface of the earth which is transposable to useful work is determined by means of exergy analysis. In this study, the radiation exergy values for Hakkari have been calculated and evaluated by making use of the monthly average solar radiation energy and temperature values measured by General Directorate of State Meteorology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20radiation%20exergy" title="solar radiation exergy">solar radiation exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakkari" title=" Hakkari"> Hakkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy%20potential" title=" solar energy potential"> solar energy potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28097/the-analysis-of-solar-radiation-exergy-in-hakkari" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17882</span> Determination of the Oxidative Potential of Organic Materials: Method Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui%20Afrin">Jui Afrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtarul%20Islam"> Akhtarul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the solution of glucose, yeast and glucose yeast mixture are being used as sample solution for determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD). In general COD determination method used to determine the different rang of oxidative potential. But in this work has shown to determine the definite oxidative potential for different concentration for known COD value and wanted to see the difference between experimental value and the theoretical value for evaluating the method drawbacks. In this study, made the values of oxidative potential like 400 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 600 mg/L, 700 mg/L and 800mg/L for various sample solutions and determined the oxidative potential according to our developed method. Plotting the experimental COD values vs. sample solutions of various concentrations in mg/L to draw the curve. From these curves see that the curves for glucose solution is not linear; its deviate from linearity for the lower concentration and the reason for this deviation is unknown. If these drawback can be removed this method can be effectively used to determine Oxidative Potential of Industrial wastewater (such as: Leather industry wastewater, Municipal wastewater, Food industry wastewater, Textile wastewater, Pharmaceuticals waste water) that’s why more experiment and study required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bod%20%28biological%20oxygen%20demand%29" title="bod (biological oxygen demand)">bod (biological oxygen demand)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cod%20%28chemical%20oxygen%20demand%29" title=" cod (chemical oxygen demand)"> cod (chemical oxygen demand)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20potential" title=" oxidative potential"> oxidative potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titration" title=" titration"> titration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20water" title=" waste water"> waste water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40766/determination-of-the-oxidative-potential-of-organic-materials-method-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17881</span> Are Values Reflected in Online Skincare Advertisements from the Philippines and Taiwan the Same? </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Ping%20Chen">Chih-Ping Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, some scholars established the reflection of cultural values in advertisements. However, despite the Internet’s rapid development, few studies have focused on observing cross-cultural differences of values reflected in online advertisements. As mirrors of culture, advertisements are believed to reflect values relevant to consumers. Therefore, this research aims to examine the cultural values reflected on online skincare advertisements between countries with different cultural influences. We argue that culture affects the values presented in the slogans, endorsers, brand prominence, and product prominence of online advertisements; a concept that challenges the standardized manner of communication utilized by most multinational brands. Results highlight that the Philippines and Taiwan are neither located on extreme low-context nor extreme high-context cultures. Moreover, although advertisements reflect culture, it may be affected by potential value shifting caused by globalization, standardized communication, and the advertisers’ marketing priorities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-culture" title="cross-culture">cross-culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20values" title=" cultural values"> cultural values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20advertising" title=" online advertising"> online advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prominence" title=" prominence"> prominence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beauty" title=" beauty "> beauty </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18623/are-values-reflected-in-online-skincare-advertisements-from-the-philippines-and-taiwan-the-same" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17880</span> A Compared Approach between Moderate Islamic Values and Basic Human Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Bessadok">Adel Bessadok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The theory of values postulates that each human has a set of values, or attractive and trans-situational goals, that drive their actions. The Basic Human Values as an incentive construct that apprehends human's values have been shown to govern a wide range of human behaviors. Individuals within and within societies have very different value preferences that reflect their enculturation, their personal experiences, their social places and their genetic heritage. Using a focus group composed by Islamic religious Preachers and a sample of 800 young students; this ongoing study will establish Moderate Islamic Values parameters. We analyze later, for the same students sample the difference between Moderate Islamic Values and Schwartz’s Basic Human Values. Keywords—Moderate Islamic Values, Basic Human Values, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderate%20Islamic%20values" title="moderate Islamic values">moderate Islamic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20human%20values" title=" basic human values"> basic human values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confirmatory%20factor%20analysis" title=" confirmatory factor analysis"> confirmatory factor analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65863/a-compared-approach-between-moderate-islamic-values-and-basic-human-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17879</span> Assessing the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles by Fluorescence-Labeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laidson%20P.%20Gomes">Laidson P. Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20T.%20Andrade"> Cristina T. Andrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20M.%20Del%20Aguila"> Eduardo M. Del Aguila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameron%20Alexander"> Cameron Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%C3%A2nia%20M.%20F.%20Paschoalin"> Vânia M. F. Paschoalin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide prepared by the N-deacetylation of chitin. In this study, the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of chitosan nanoparticles, produced by ultrasound irradiation, were evaluated. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analysis. Chitosan nanoparticles inhibited the growth of <em>E. coli</em>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were lower than 0.5 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were similar or higher than MIC values. Confocal laser scanning micrographs (CLSM) were used to observe the interaction between <em>E. coli </em>suspensions mixed with FITC-labeled chitosan polymers and nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan%20nanoparticles" title="chitosan nanoparticles">chitosan nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20light%20scattering" title=" dynamic light scattering"> dynamic light scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confocal%20microscopy" title=" confocal microscopy"> confocal microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84752/assessing-the-antimicrobial-activity-of-chitosan-nanoparticles-by-fluorescence-labeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17878</span> Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of Circular Economy Approach in the Valorisation of Pig Meat Processing Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ribeiro%20A.">Ribeiro A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilarinho%20C."> Vilarinho C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20A."> Luisa A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carvalho%20J"> Carvalho J</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pig meat industry generates large volumes of by- and co-products like blood, bones, skin, trimmings, organs, viscera, and skulls, among others, during slaughtering and meat processing and must be treated and disposed of ecologically. The yield of these by-products has been reported to account for about 10% to 15% of the value of the live animal in developed countries, although animal by-products account for about two-thirds of the animal after slaughter. It was selected for further valorization of the principal wastes produced throughout the value chain of pig meat production: Pig Manure, Pig Bones, Fats, Skins, Pig Hair, Wastewater, Wastewater sludges, and other animal subproducts type III. According to the potential valorization options, these wastes will be converted into Biomethane, Fertilizers (phosphorus and digestate), Hydroxyapatite, and protein hydrolysates (Keratin and Collagen). This work includes comprehensive technical and economic analyses (TEA) for each valorization route or applied technology. Metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and payback periods were used to evaluate economic feasibility. From this analysis, it can be concluded that, for Biogas Production, the scenarios using pig manure, wastewater sludges and mixed grass and leguminous wastes presented a remarkably high economic feasibility. Scenarios showed high economic feasibility with a positive payback period, NPV, and IRR. The optimal scenario combining pig manure with mixed grass and leguminous wastes had a payback period of 1.2 years and produced 427,6269 m³ of biomethane annually. Regarding the Chemical Extraction of Phosphorous and Nitrogen, results proved that the process is economically unviable due to negative cash flows despite high recovery rates. The TEA of Hydrolysis and Extraction of Keratin Hydrolysates indicate that a unit processing and valorizing 10 tons of pig hair per year for the production of keratin hydrolysate has an NPV of 907,940 €, an IRR of 13.07%, and a Payback period of 5.41 years. All of these indicators suggest a highly potential project to explore in the future. On the opposite, the results of Hydrolysis and Extraction of Collagen Hydrolysates showed a process economically unviable with negative cash flows in all scenarios due to the high-fat content in raw materials. In fact, the results from the valorization of 10 tons of pig skin had a negative cash flow of 453 743,88 €. TEA results of Extraction and purification of Hydroxyapatite from Pig Bones with Pyrolysis indicate that unit processing and valorizing 10 tons of pig bones per year for the production of hydroxyapatite has an NPV of 1 274 819,00 €, an IRR of 65.43%, and a Payback period of 1,5 years over a timeline of 10 years with a discount rate of 10%. These valorization routes, circular economy and bio-refinery approach offer significant contributions to sustainable bio-based operations within the agri-food industry. This approach transforms waste into valuable resources, enhancing both environmental and economic outcomes and contributing to a more sustainable and circular bioeconomy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techno-economic%20analysis%20%28TEA%29" title="techno-economic analysis (TEA)">techno-economic analysis (TEA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pig%20meat%20processing%20wastes" title=" pig meat processing wastes"> pig meat processing wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-refinery" title=" bio-refinery"> bio-refinery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192371/techno-economic-analysis-tea-of-circular-economy-approach-in-the-valorisation-of-pig-meat-processing-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17877</span> Organic Geochemical Evaluation of the Ecca Group Shale: Implications for Hydrocarbon Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20L.%20Baiyegunhi">Temitope L. Baiyegunhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuiwu%20Liu"> Kuiwu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oswald%20Gwavava"> Oswald Gwavava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Baiyegunhi"> Christopher Baiyegunhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shale gas has recently been the exploration focus for future energy resource in South Africa. Specifically, the black shales of the lower Ecca Group in the study area are considered to be one of the most prospective targets for shale gas exploration. Evaluation of this potential resource has been restricted due to the lack of exploration and scarcity of existing drill core data. Thus, only limited previous geochemical data exist for these formations. In this study, outcrop and core samples of the Ecca Group were analysed to assess their total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential (SP). The results show that these rocks have TOC ranging from 0.11 to 7.35 wt.%. The SP values vary from 0.09 to 0.53 mg HC/g, suggesting poor hydrocarbon generative potential. The plot of S1 versus TOC shows that the source rocks were characterized by autochthonous hydrocarbons. S2/S3 values range between 0.40 and 7.5, indicating Type- II/III, III, and IV kerogen. With the exception of one sample from the collingham formation which has HI value of 53 mg HC/g TOC, all other samples have HI values of less than 50 mg HC/g TOC, thus suggesting Type-IV kerogen, which is mostly derived from reworked organic matter (mainly dead carbon) with little or no potential for hydrocarbon generation. Tmax values range from 318 to 601℃, indicating immature to over-maturity of hydrocarbon. The vitrinite reflectance values range from 2.22 to 3.93%, indicating over-maturity of the kerogen. Binary plots of HI against OI and HI versus Tmax show that the shales are of Type II and mixed Type II-III kerogen, which are capable of generating both natural gas and minor oil at suitable burial depth. Based on the geochemical data, it can be inferred that the source rocks are immature to over-matured variable from localities and have potential of producing wet to dry gas at present-stage. Generally, the Whitehill formation of the Ecca Group is comparable to the Marcellus and Barnett Shales. This further supports the assumption that the Whitehill Formation has a high probability of being a profitable shale gas play, but only when explored in dolerite-free area and away from the Cape Fold Belt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20rock" title="source rock">source rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter%20type" title=" organic matter type"> organic matter type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20maturity" title=" thermal maturity"> thermal maturity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20generation%20potential" title=" hydrocarbon generation potential"> hydrocarbon generation potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecca%20Group" title=" Ecca Group"> Ecca Group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100472/organic-geochemical-evaluation-of-the-ecca-group-shale-implications-for-hydrocarbon-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17876</span> Macroalgae as a Gaseous Fuel Option: Potential and Advanced Conversion Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rizwan%20Tabassum">Muhammad Rizwan Tabassum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ao%20Xia"> Ao Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerry%20D.%20Murphy"> Jerry D. Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this work is to provide an overview of macroalgae as an alternative feedstock for gaseous fuel production and key innovative technologies. Climate change and continuously depleting resources are the key driving forces to think for alternative sources of energy. Macroalgae can be favored over land based energy crops because they are not in direct competition with food crops. However, some drawbacks, such as high moisture content, seasonal variation in chemical composition and process inhibition limit the economic practicability. Macroalgae, like brown seaweed can be converted into gaseous and liquid fuel by different conversion technologies. Biomethane via anaerobic digestion is the appealing technology due to its dual advantage of a commercially applicable and environment friendly technology. Other technologies like biodiesel and bioethanol conversion technologies from seaweed are still under progress. Screening of high yielding macroalgae species, peak harvesting season and process optimization make the technology economically feasible for alternative source of feedstock for biofuel production in future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuels" title=" biofuels"> biofuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-methane" title=" bio-methane"> bio-methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20conversion%20technologies" title=" advanced conversion technologies"> advanced conversion technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroalgae" title=" macroalgae "> macroalgae </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44992/macroalgae-as-a-gaseous-fuel-option-potential-and-advanced-conversion-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17875</span> Total Organic Carbon, Porosity and Permeability Correlation: A Tool for Carbon Dioxide Storage Potential Evaluation in Irati Formation of the Parana Basin, Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardson%20M.%20Abraham-A.">Richardson M. Abraham-A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colombo%20Celso%20Gaeta%20Tassinari"> Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The correlation between Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and flow units have been carried out to predict and compare the carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) storage potential of the shale and carbonate rocks in Irati Formation of the Parana Basin. The equations for permeability (K), reservoir quality index (RQI) and flow zone indicator (FZI) are redefined and engaged to evaluate the flow units in both potential reservoir rocks. Shales show higher values of TOC compared to carbonates, as such,  porosity (Ф) is most likely to be higher in shales compared to carbonates. The increase in Ф corresponds to the increase in K (in both rocks). Nonetheless, at lower values of Ф, K is higher in carbonates compared to shales. This shows that at lower values of TOC in carbonates, Ф is low, yet, K is likely to be high compared to shale. In the same vein, at higher values of TOC in shales, Ф is high, yet, K is expected to be low compared to carbonates.  Overall, the flow unit factors (RQI and FZI) are better in the carbonates compared to the shales. Moreso, within the study location,  there are some portions where the thicknesses of the carbonate units are higher compared to the shale units. Most parts of the carbonate strata in the study location are fractured in situ, hence,  this could provide easy access for the storage of CO<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, based on these points and the disparities between the flow units in the evaluated rock types, the carbonate units are expected to show better potentials for the storage of CO<sub>2</sub>. The shale units may be considered as potential cap rocks or seals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20organic%20content" title="total organic content">total organic content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20units" title=" flow units"> flow units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide%20storage" title=" carbon dioxide storage"> carbon dioxide storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geologic%20structures" title=" geologic structures"> geologic structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109480/total-organic-carbon-porosity-and-permeability-correlation-a-tool-for-carbon-dioxide-storage-potential-evaluation-in-irati-formation-of-the-parana-basin-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17874</span> Instant Fire Risk Assessment Using Artifical Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolga%20Barisik">Tolga Barisik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Fuat%20Guneri"> Ali Fuat Guneri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Dastan"> K. Dastan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Major industrial facilities have a high potential for fire risk. In particular, the indices used for the detection of hidden fire are used very effectively in order to prevent the fire from becoming dangerous in the initial stage. These indices provide the opportunity to prevent or intervene early by determining the stage of the fire, the potential for hazard, and the type of the combustion agent with the percentage values of the ambient air components. In this system, artificial neural network will be modeled with the input data determined using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, which is a multi-layer sensor (CAA) (teacher-learning) type, before modeling the modeling methods in the literature. The actual values produced by the indices will be compared with the outputs produced by the network. Using the neural network and the curves to be created from the resulting values, the feasibility of performance determination will be investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artifical%20neural%20networks" title="artifical neural networks">artifical neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title=" fire"> fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Index" title=" Graham Index"> Graham Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levenberg-marquardt%20algoritm" title=" levenberg-marquardt algoritm"> levenberg-marquardt algoritm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20decrease%20percentage%20index" title=" oxygen decrease percentage index"> oxygen decrease percentage index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trickett%20Index" title=" Trickett Index"> Trickett Index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126049/instant-fire-risk-assessment-using-artifical-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17873</span> SVM-Based Modeling of Mass Transfer Potential of Multiple Plunging Jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Deswal">Surinder Deswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Pal"> Mahesh Pal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper investigates the potential of support vector machines based regression approach to model the mass transfer capacity of multiple plunging jets, both vertical (θ = 90°) and inclined (θ = 60°). The data set used in this study consists of four input parameters with a total of eighty eight cases. For testing, tenfold cross validation was used. Correlation coefficient values of 0.971 and 0.981 (root mean square error values of 0.0025 and 0.0020) were achieved by using polynomial and radial basis kernel functions based support vector regression respectively. Results suggest an improved performance by radial basis function in comparison to polynomial kernel based support vector machines. The estimated overall mass transfer coefficient, by both the kernel functions, is in good agreement with actual experimental values (within a scatter of ±15 %); thereby suggesting the utility of support vector machines based regression approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title="mass transfer">mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20plunging%20jets" title=" multiple plunging jets"> multiple plunging jets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machines" title=" support vector machines"> support vector machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20sciences" title=" ecological sciences"> ecological sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9906/svm-based-modeling-of-mass-transfer-potential-of-multiple-plunging-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17872</span> Values-based Physical Education in a Diverse South African Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20F.%20Jones%20Couto">C. F. Jones Couto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The implementation of quality Physical Education (PE) inspires and instils lasting healthy behavioural patterns, hence have the potential as an educational tool to teach values in today’s society. The goal of PE should be to contribute to the acceptance of the infinite qualities of South Africa’s (RSA) diversity and to claim RSA’s diversity as a source of strength that forms a universal bond of a common set of values. There is a global change in the interaction of children with their environment; their lives are shaped by forces that do not necessarily assist them in learning and applying values. In most countries today, the responsibility for developing values is assigned to schools in formal teaching settings. Values-based education offers an investment in individual and societal improvement through attendance to a values framework. The aim of this qualitative research is to develop a PE programme aligned with the current South African curriculum, enriched with values of Olympism and Ubuntuism, and to present PE teacher training workshops (TTW). Participatory action research will be used as the basis of how data will be collected, analysed, and presented on an ongoing, cyclical basis. PE teachers from different schools in the Tshwane District of RSA will participate as they can best inform the research questions and enhance the understanding of the phenomenon under study. The outcomes of using PE as a tool to teach values can propose recommendations to the Department of Basic Education of RSA to improve and implement a quality PE curriculum that is applicable to practice and that will optimize the chances of meeting the South African National Curriculum Statement standards. A PE programme with the aim of holistic development, based on the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism, can strive to ensure that the values set out in RSA’s constitution are part of PE organization, planning, and teaching at each South African school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olympism" title="olympism">olympism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20education" title=" physical education"> physical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20training" title=" teacher training"> teacher training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ubuntuism" title=" ubuntuism"> ubuntuism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values-based%20education" title=" values-based education"> values-based education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164151/values-based-physical-education-in-a-diverse-south-african-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17871</span> Value Analysis of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking to Measure Value Co-Creation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Javed">Amna Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisashi%20Masuda"> Hisashi Masuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youji%20Kohda"> Youji Kohda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the value analysis in Islamic and conventional banking services in Pakistan. Many scholars have focused on co-creation of values in services but mainly economic values not non-economic. As Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles that are more concerned with non-economic values (well-being, partnership, fairness, trust worthy, and justice) than economic values as money in terms of interest. This study is important to know the providers point of view about the co-created values, because, it may be more sustainable and appropriate for today’s unpredictable socioeconomic environment. Data were collected from 4 banks (2 Islamic and 2 conventional banks). Text mining technique is applied for data analysis, and values with 100% occurrences in Islamic banking are chosen. The results reflect that Islamic banking is more centric towards non-economic values than economic values and it promotes team work and partnership concept by applying Islamic spirit and trust worthiness concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20values" title="economic values">economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-economic%20values" title=" non-economic values"> non-economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20system" title=" value system"> value system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430/value-analysis-of-islamic-banking-and-conventional-banking-to-measure-value-co-creation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential%20values&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential%20values&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential%20values&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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