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sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-102 ns-subject mw-editable page-Author_Joseph_II rootpage-Author_Joseph_II skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Author</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph II</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikisource</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14137239">.mw-parser-output .wst-author-mainblock{border:1px solid #BEA2A2;background-color:#E4D8D8}.mw-parser-output .wst-author-notes{border-bottom:1px solid #A88;background-color:#FFFBFC}.mw-parser-output .wst-author-seealso{border:1px solid #CCC}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14182871">.mw-parser-output .wst-header-mainblock{margin:4px auto 4px auto;padding:0 3px;display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back,.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{display:flex;flex:1 4 100%;min-width:min-content;align-items:center;font-size:.9em}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-nav-empty{visibility:hidden}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back{justify-content:flex-start;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-central-cell{flex:4 1 100%;max-width:max-content;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .wst-header-mainblock{flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-central-cell{flex:0 0 100%;order:-2;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-back,.mw-parser-output .wst-header-forward{width:auto}}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-notes{display:inline-block;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;empty-cells:hide;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 auto 4px auto;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-left{float:left}</style><div class="ws-header wst-header-structure wst-author wst-author ws-header"><div class="wst-header-mainblock wst-author-mainblock authortemplate"><div class="wst-header-back searchaux wst-author-back"><div class="wst-header-back-arrow">←</div><div class="wst-header-back-link"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:Authors-Jo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource:Authors-Jo">Author Index: Jo</a></div></div><div class="wst-header-central-cell wst-author-central-cell"><span class="wst-header-title wst-author-title"><span style="font-weight:bold">Joseph II</span><br />(1741–1790)</span></div><div class="wst-header-forward searchaux wst-author-forward wst-header-nav-empty"><div class="wst-header-forward-link"></div><div class="wst-header-forward-arrow">→</div></div></div><div class="wst-header-notes header_notes searchaux wst-author-notes author_notes"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14321584">.mw-parser-output .plainSister{display:block;font-size:93%;line-height:normal;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none;list-style-position:outside;border:1px solid #AAA;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5ex 0 0.5ex 0.5ex;padding:0;background:#FFFFFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .sisicon,.mw-parser-output .dabicon{padding-right:1ex}</style><ul class="plainSister"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="Sister Projects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">sister projects</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="extiw" title="w:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Wikipedia article</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_II_Imperator_Romanus_Sacer" class="extiw" title="c:Iosephus II Imperator Romanus Sacer">Commons gallery</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Commons category</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76555" class="extiw" title="d:Q76555">Wikidata item</a></li></ul><div class="wst-header-content header_notes_content wst-header-notes-content wst-author-notes-content"> <p>(German: <i>Josef Benedikt Anton Michel Adam</i>; English: <i>Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam</i>); Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death </p> </div></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anton_von_Maron_006.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Anton_von_Maron_006.png/220px-Anton_von_Maron_006.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Anton_von_Maron_006.png/330px-Anton_von_Maron_006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Anton_von_Maron_006.png/440px-Anton_von_Maron_006.png 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center">Joseph II</div></figcaption></figure><div id="ws-data" class="vcard ws-noexport" style="display:none;speak:none"><span id="ws-article-id">2699312</span><span id="wd-article-id">Q76555</span><span id="ws-name" class="fn">Joseph II</span><span class="n"><span class="given-name">Joseph II</span><span class="family-name"></span></span><span id="ws-commons">Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor</span><span id="ws-description" class="note">(German: <i>Josef Benedikt Anton Michel Adam</i>; English: <i>Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam</i>); Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death</span></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Author:Joseph_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14491930">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">We have no works listed by this author, though works that may link to this author are <i><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Author:Joseph_II" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Author:Joseph II">here</a></i>. Please add the titles of works by this author, by clicking "<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Author:Joseph_II&action=edit">Edit</a>". <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_red;_question_marks.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg/40px-Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg/60px-Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg/80px-Book_red%3B_question_marks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_about_Joseph">Works about Joseph</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Author:Joseph_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works about Joseph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Joseph_II" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Joseph II">Joseph II</a>," in <i><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed., 1911)</span></li> <li><span class="ws-authlink">"<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Joseph_II" title="Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Joseph II">Joseph II</a>," in <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)" title="Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14318802">.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto;page-break-before:always;break-before:page}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child{display:table;border:2px solid #88A;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0 0;empty-cells:hide;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 0 auto;width:100%;background-color:#F7F8FF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row-group}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div{display:table-cell;padding:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{display:block;margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){display:table;border-top:1px solid #88A}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{text-align:center;padding:5px 0;width:40px}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){text-align:left;padding:5px;font-size:92%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(3){text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .licensetpl{display:none}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.wst-collapsible-box{clear:both;margin:0.25em 0 0.25em 0;font-size:95%;background-color:#f7f8ff;color:#202122;border:2px solid #88A;text-align:left;line-height:1.6}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-title{display:inline-block;padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-content{background:transparent;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child{border-color:#b22222;background-color:#ffeeee;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){border-color:#b22222;color:#202122}</style><div class="licenseContainer licenseBanner dynlayout-exempt"> <div><div><div><div> <p><span class="imageLeft"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/48px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/72px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span></span> </p> </div><div> <div> <p>Some or all works by this author were published before January 1, 1929, and are in the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" class="extiw" title="w:Public domain">public domain</a></b> worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. 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Posthumous works may be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries%27_copyright_length_based_on_publication_and_creation_dates" class="extiw" title="w:List of countries' copyright length based on publication and creation dates">copyrighted based on how long they have been published</a> in certain countries and areas. </p> </div> </div><div> <p><span class="noimageRight"></span> </p> </div></div></div></div> <div class="licensetpl"> <p><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </p> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14385316">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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