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Each group has published standards relating to the nomenclature of [[Electric battery|batteries]] - IEC 60095 for lead-acid [[Starter battery|starter batteries]], IEC 61951-1 and 61951-2 for [[Ni-Cd]] and [[Ni-MH]] batteries, IEC 61960 for [[Li-Ion|Li-ion]], and IEC 60086-1 for primary batteries. ===Primary batteries=== ====<span id="IEC 60086"></span>Battery numbering==== [[File:IEC-60086--battery-code.svg|thumb|IEC 60086 battery type designation system]] Examples of the IEC nomenclature are batteries coded R20, 4R25X, 4LR25-2, 6F22, 6P222/162, CR17345 and LR2616J. The letters and numbers in the code indicate the number of cells, cell chemistry, shape, dimensions, the number of parallel paths in the assembled battery and any modifying letters deemed necessary. A multi-section battery (two or more [[voltage]]s from the same package) will have a multi-section designation. Prior to October 1990, round cells were designated with a sequential numeric size code ranging from R06 through to R70, for example R20 is the size of a "D" cell or ANSI"13" size. After October 1990, round cells are systematically identified with a number derived from their diameter and height. Primary cells larger than 100&nbsp;mm in diameter or height are designated with an oblique "/" between [[diameter]] and height. {| class=wikitable |+ Examples of IEC battery designations ! Designation !! Series Cells !! System !! Shape !! Standardized code or diameter code !! Diameter modifier !! Height code !! Height adjustment modifier !! Modifier(s) !! Parallel strings !! Remarks |- | R20 || || || R || 20 || || || || || || A single [[zinc-carbon battery|zinc-carbon]] cell, "size 20" which is equivalent to D, or ANSI "13" size |- | 4R25X || 4 || || R || 25 || || || ||X || || A zinc-carbon lantern battery, consisting of 4 round "size 25" cells in series. Terminated with spring terminals. |- | 4LR25-2 || 4 || L || R || 25 || || || || ||2 || An alkaline lantern battery, consisting of 2 parallel strings of 4 round "size 25" cells in series |- | 6F22 || 6 || || F || 22 || || || || || || A zinc-carbon rectangular battery, consisting of 6 flat "size 22" cells. Equivalent to a PP3 or transistor battery. |- | 6P222/162 || 6 || || P || 222 || ||162 || || || || A zinc-carbon battery, maximum dimensions: length 192&nbsp;mm, width 113&nbsp;mm, and height 162&nbsp;mm. Consisting of 6 cells in series. |- | CR17345 || || C || R || 17 || ||345 || || || || A single-cell round lithium cell, 17&nbsp;mm diameter, 34.5&nbsp;mm height |- | LR2616J || || L || R || 26 || ||16 ||J || || || A single-cell round alkaline battery, 26.2&nbsp;mm diameter, 1.67&nbsp;mm height |- | LR8D425 || || L || R || 8.5 || D ||425 || || || || A single-cell round alkaline battery, 8.8&nbsp;mm diameter (8.5 +0.3 for modifier) and 42.5&nbsp;mm long, AAAA or ANSI "25" size |} ====Electrochemical system<span id="IEC_electrochemical_system_codes_for_primary_batteries" class="anchor"></span>====  The first letter identifies the chemical composition of the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage. It is common to refer to the negative electrode first in IEC battery definitions. {| class=wikitable |+ IEC codes for battery electrochemical systems<ref>IEC 60086-1 ed10.0</ref> ! Letter<br />code!!Negative electrode!!Electrolyte!!Positive electrode!!Nominal<br />voltage (V)!!Maximum open<br />circuit voltage (V)!!Main article |- | (none)||[[Zinc]]||[[Ammonium chloride]], [[Zinc chloride]]||[[Manganese dioxide]]||1.5||1.725||[[Zinc-carbon battery]] |- | ''A''||''Zinc''||''Ammonium chloride, Zinc chloride''||''[[Oxygen]]''||''1.4''||''1.55''||[[Zinc-air battery]] |- | B||[[Lithium]]||Organic electrolyte||[[Carbon monofluoride]]||3.0||3.7|| rowspan="5" |[[Lithium battery]] |- | C||Lithium||Organic electrolyte||[[Manganese dioxide]]||3.0||3.7 |- | ''E''||''Lithium''||''Non-aqueous inorganic electrolyte''||''[[Thionyl chloride]]''||''3.6''||''3.9'' |- | F||Lithium||Organic electrolyte||[[Iron disulfide]]||1.5||1.83 |- | ''G''||''Lithium''||''Organic electrolyte''||''[[Copper(II) oxide]]''||''1.5''||''2.3'' |- | L||Zinc||[[Alkali metal hydroxide]]||Manganese dioxide||1.5||1.65||[[Alkaline battery]] |- | ''M<br />(withdrawn)''||''Zinc''||''Alkali metal hydroxide''||''[[Mercuric oxide]]''||''1.35''|||| rowspan="2" |[[Mercury battery]] |- | ''N<br />(withdrawn)''||''Zinc''||''Alkali metal hydroxide''||''Mercuric oxide, manganese dioxide''||''1.4''|| |- | P||Zinc||Alkali metal hydroxide||Oxygen||1.4||1.68||[[Zinc-air battery]] |- | S||Zinc||Alkali metal hydroxide||[[Silver oxide]]||1.55||1.63||[[Silver-oxide battery]] |- | Z||Zinc||Alkali metal hydroxide||Manganese dioxide, nickel oxyhydroxide||1.5||1.78||[[Nickel oxyhydroxide battery]] |} ''Italics'' indicate a chemical system unlikely to be found in consumer or general-purpose batteries, or withdrawn from the current standard. ====Shape==== [[File:LR44 Button Cell Battery IEC Standard Version.jpg|thumb|[[LR44 battery|LR44]] alkaline cell]] Shape codes are: : R Round, (coin, button or cylindrical) : P Not round : ''F Flat (layer built)'' : ''S Square (or rectangular or prismatic)'' The ''F'' and ''S'' shape codes are still in use but are not to be used for new battery definitions. ====Size code==== Certain sizes, given by one or two digit numbers, represent standard size codes from previous editions of the standard. Sizes given as 4 or more digits indicate the diameter of the battery and the overall height. The numbers in the code correlate with the battery dimensions. For batteries with dimensions of < 100&nbsp;mm the (truncated) diameter in millimetres, followed by the height in tenths of a millimetre; for batteries with a single dimension ≥ 100&nbsp;mm the diameter in millimetres, then a slash (/) followed by the height in millimetres. As well as the recommended size code definitions there are also ten modifying suffix letters that can be added to the end of the specific size code. These run from A to L (omitting F and I) and depending on the largest dimension of the battery can either signify 0.0 – 0.9&nbsp;mm maximum dimensions or 0.00 – 0.09&nbsp;mm maximum dimensions with A being 0.0 or 0.00 and L being 0.9 or 0.09. For flat cells the diameter code is given as the diameter of a circle circumscribed around the whole cell's area. {{Expand German|Liste aller Standardgrößen für Rundzellen nach IEC-60086 bis 1990|date=June 2022|section=yes}} Standardized size codes for round batteries which do not follow the current nomenclature but have been retained for ease of use are given by a one or two digit number following the R. These include but are not limited to: <ref>A more complete table is found in the current IEC standard (Table C.1 Annex C) or in Barak 1980 page 53</ref> {| class=wikitable |+ IEC size codes for round batteries ! Number<br />code !! Nominal<br />diameter !! Nominal<br />height !! Common name |- | R25 || 32 || 91 || F |- | R20 || 34.2 || 61.5 || D |- | R14 || 26.2 || 50.0 || C |- | R6 || 14.5 || 50.5 || AA |- | R1 || 12.0 || 30.2 || N |- | R03 || 10.5 || 44.5 || AAA |} Round button batteries also carry two-digit size codes such as R44, see the [[List of battery sizes#Silver oxide and alkaline cells|button battery table]] for typical dimensions. Other round, flat, and square sizes have been standardized but are used mostly for components of multi-cell batteries. [[File:Button cells and 9v cells (3).png|thumb|Assorted sizes of button and coin cells, including [[alkaline]] and [[silver oxide]] chemistries. Four rectangular 9&nbsp;V batteries are also shown, for size comparison. Enlarge to see the button and coin cell size code markings.]] The following is a partial list of IEC standard recommended diameter and height codes for round cells: {| class=wikitable |+ IEC recommended round cell diameter and height codes ! Number<br />code !! Maximum<br />diameter !! Maximum<br />height |- | 4 || 4.8 || |- | 5 || 5.8 || |- | 6 || 6.8 || |- | 7 || 7.9 || |- | 9 || 9.5 || |- | 10 || 10.0 || |- | 11 || 11.6 || |- | 12 || 12.5 || 1.20 |- | 16 || 16 || 1.60 |- | 20 || 20 || 2.00 |- | 23 || 23 || |- | 24 || 24.5 || |- | 25 || || 2.50 |- | 30 || || 3.00 |- | 36 || || 3.60 |- | 50 || || 5.00 |} ====Modifiers==== After the package size code(s), additional letters may optionally appear. Terminal styles and variants of the same battery can be designated with the letters X or Y. Performance levels may also be designated with a C, P, S, CF, HH, or HB or other letter suffixes. An appended letter "W" states that this battery complies with all the requirements of the IEC 60086-3 standard for watch batteries, such as dimensional tolerance, [[Battery leakage|chemical leakage]], and test methods. ====Battery categories==== IEC nomenclature classifies batteries according to their general shape and overall physical appearance. These categories, however, are not identified in the IEC battery nomenclature:<ref>As indicated in IEC 60086-2 §7</ref><ref>All information is correct to the current version (2011) of IEC 60086 (Parts 1 to 3). As of Thursday 9 June 2011.</ref> * '''Category 1''': Cylindrical cells with protruding positive and recessed or flat negative terminals. The positive terminal shall be concentric with the cell overall. The total height of the cell is not necessarily the same as the total distance between terminals (This accounts for nubs, recesses and battery casings). The cell casing is insulated. ''E.g. R1 & LR8D425'' * '''Category 2''': Cylindrical cells with protruding positive and protruding or flat negative terminals. The total height of the cell is the same as the total distance between terminals. The cell casing is insulated. ''E.g. CR14250, LR61'' * '''Category 3''': Cylindrical cells with flat positive and negative terminals. The total height of the cell is not necessarily the same as the total distance between terminals (This accounts for any protuberances from the negative terminal). The cell casing is in connection with the positive terminal. No part of the cell is allowed to protrude from the positive terminal surface. ''E.g. CR11108, LR9'' * '''Category 4''': Cylindrical cells with a protruding flat negative terminal. The total height of the cell is the same as the total distance between terminals. The cell casing is the positive terminal and it is recommended that the outer surface is used for positive connection even though it is possible from the base. No part of the cell is allowed to protrude from the positive terminal surface. ''E.g. LR44, CR2032'' * '''Category 5''': Cylindrical batteries which fit none of the other categories. ''E.g. R40, 8LR23'' * '''Category 6''': Non-cylindrical batteries. ''E.g. 3R12, 4R25, 6F22'' ===Secondary batteries=== ====<span id="IEC 61951"></span> Nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries ==== Nickel-cadmium and Nickel-metal hydride batteries follow a similar rule as the system above;<ref>IEC61951-1 ed2.1</ref><ref>IEC 61951-2 ed2.0</ref> especially cylindrical cells designed to be dimensionally interchangeable with primary batteries use the same designation as the primary batteries, the codes for electrochemical systems as below. {| class=wikitable ! Letter<br />code !! Negative electrode !! Positive electrode !! Nominal<br />voltage (V) !! Main article |- | H || Hydrogen-absorbing alloy || Nickel oxide || 1.2 || [[Nickel-metal hydride battery]] |- | K || Cadmium || Nickel oxide || 1.2 || [[Nickel-cadmium battery]] |} All other cells use the following system: * '''Small prismatic cells''': KF or HF followed by maximum width in mm / maximum thickness in mm / maximum height in mm. E.g. KF 18/07/49 * '''Cylindrical cells''': KR or HR followed by a letter indicating discharge rate (L, M, H or X for low, medium, high and very high, respectively); then another letter may be added to indicate use at elevated temperatures (T or U) or rapid charge (R); then maximum diameter in mm / maximum height in mm. E.g. KRL 33/62, HRHR 23/43 * '''Button cells''': KB or HB followed by maximum diameter in tenths of mm / maximum height in tenths of mm. E.g. KBL 116/055 ====<span id="IEC 61960"></span> Lithium-ion batteries ==== [[File:IEC-61960 lithium battery codes.svg|thumb|IEC 61960 battery type designation system]] Lithium-ion batteries have a different rule for naming, which applies both to batteries of multiple cells and single cell. They will be designated as:<ref>IEC 61960 ed1.0</ref> N<sub>1</sub>A<sub>1</sub>A<sub>2</sub>A<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>3</sub>/N<sub>4</sub>-N<sub>5</sub> where N<sub>1</sub> denotes number of series connected cells and N<sub>5</sub> denotes number of parallel connected cells (only when the number is greater than 1); these numbers only apply to batteries. A<sub>1</sub> indicates the basis of negative electrode phase, where I is for lithium ion and L is for lithium metal or alloy. A<sub>2</sub> indicates the basis of positive electrode phase, and could be C, N, M, V or T for cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium and titanium respectively. A<sub>3</sub> is for the shape of the cell; either R for cylinder or P for prism. N<sub>2</sub> is the maximum diameter (in case of cylindrical cells) or thickness (prismatic cells) in mm. N<sub>3</sub> is only used for prismatic cells to denote the maximum width in mm. N<sub>4</sub> is the maximum overall height in mm. (For any of the lengths above, if the dimension is smaller than 1&nbsp;mm it can be written as tN, where N is tenths of mm) E.g. 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