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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A" title="إسحاق شابليي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسحاق شابليي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%93%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ісаак Рэнэ Гі Ле Шапелье – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісаак Рэнэ Гі Ле Шапелье" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%AC%CE%BA_%CE%9B%CE%B5_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Ισαάκ Λε Σαπελιέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισαάκ Λε Σαπελιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اسحاق رينيه جى لو شابلييه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسحاق رينيه جى لو شابلييه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Le_Chapelier" title="Isaac Le Chapelier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isaac Le Chapelier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B8" title="Ле Шапелье, Исаак Рене Ги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ле Шапелье, Исаак Рене Ги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94" title="Ісаак Ле Шапельє – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісаак Ле Шапельє" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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The specific problem is: <b>style.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Special:EditPage/Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Isaac Le Chapelier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_(Jean_le_Chapelier,_1754-1794),_French_politician.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg/220px-Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg/330px-Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg/440px-Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier_%28Jean_le_Chapelier%2C_1754-1794%29%2C_French_politician.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1813" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Le Chapelier</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">Member of the National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 July 1789 – 30 September 1791</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates General of 1789 in France">Deputy to the Estates General</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm#Third_Estate" title="Estates of the realm">Third Estate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 May 1789 – 9 July 1789</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1754-06-12</span>)</span>12 June 1754<br /><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 April 1794<span style="display:none">(1794-04-22)</span> (aged 39)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seine_(department)" title="Seine (department)">Seine</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Breton_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton Club">Breton</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1789)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jacobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin">Jacobin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1789–1791)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1791–1792)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Marie-Esther de la Marre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rennes" title="University of Rennes">University of Rennes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Lawyer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier</b> (12 June 1754 – 22 April 1794) was a French jurist and politician of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolutionary period</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le Chapelier was born in <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, where his father was <i>bâtonnier</i> of the corporation of lawyers, a title equivalent to President of the <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">Bar</a>. He entered the law profession, and was a noted <a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">orator</a>. In 1775, Le Chapelier was initiated as a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">freemason</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_de_France" title="Grand Orient de France">Grand Orient de France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1789 he was elected as a deputy to the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates General</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates of the Realm">Third Estate</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">sénéchaussée</a></i> of Rennes. He adopted radical opinions. His influence in the <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> was considerable:<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he served as president 3–17 August 1789, presiding over the famous all-night session of 4–5 August, during which <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_from_the_abolition_of_feudalism_to_the_Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy#The_abolition_of_feudalism" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy">feudalism was abolished in France</a>, and in late September 1789 was added to the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791#Early_efforts" title="French Constitution of 1791">Constitutional Committee</a>, where he drafted much of the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">Constitution of 1791</a>. </p><p>Le Chapelier introduced a motion in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> which prohibited <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compagnonnage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compagnonnage (page does not exist)">compagnonnage</a>,</i> and which also abolished the <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">right to strike</a>. The law did not "abolish the right to strike", no right to not turn up for work and not be dismissed, had ever existed in French law, a "right" that did not exist, and had never existed, can not have been "abolished" by the law of 1791. Le Chapelier and other Jacobins interpreted demands by <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> workers for higher wages as contrary to the new principles of the Revolution. The measure was enacted law on 14 June 1791 in what became subsequently known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Chapelier_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Chapelier Law">Le Chapelier Law</a>.</i> The law effectively barred guilds and trade unions in France until 1864. There had been an effort, by Turgot, to abolish the compulsory guilds (producer cartels) in 1776 - but it did not go into effect. The Estates General proclaimed against the guilds on August 4, 1789 - but the end of these compulsory producer cartels did not come till 1791. </p><p>In May, 1789, when the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates General</a> were still meeting, Le Chapelier was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Breton_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton Club">Breton Club</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a collection of deputies initially all hailing from his home province of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, but which in the weeks to come drew all sorts of deputies sharing a more radical ideology. After the <a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Women's March on Versailles">October Days</a> (5–6 October) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a>'s move to Paris, the Breton Club rented a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> monastery and became the <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin Club">Jacobin Club</a>, of which Le Chapelier was the first president. </p><p>Like many radical deputies, Le Chapelier wished for the central role played by such popular societies early in the French Revolution to come to an end with the settling of the state and the pending promulgation of a new constitution. This conviction was increased by the <a href="/wiki/Champs_de_Mars_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Champs de Mars Massacre">Champs de Mars Massacre</a> of 17 July 1791. Within days, Le Chapelier joined the mass exodus of moderate deputies abandoning the Jacobin club in favour of a new organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant club</a>. </p><p>Le Chapelier, in his capacity as chairman of the Constitutional Committee, presented to the National Assembly in its final sessions a law restricting the rights of popular societies to undertake concerted political action, including the right to correspond with one another. It passed 30 September 1791. By the virtue of obeying this law, the moderate Feuillants embraced obsolescence; the radical Jacobins, by ignoring it, emerged as the most vital political force of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The popular society movement, largely founded by Le Chapelier, was thus inadvertently radicalised contrary to his original intentions. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>, as a suspect for having had links with the <a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a>, he temporarily <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">emigrated</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, but returned to France in 1794, in an unsuccessful effort to prevent the confiscation of his assets. He was arrested, and <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotined</a> in Paris on the same day as <a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is a character in <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Sabatini" title="Rafael Sabatini">Rafael Sabatini</a>'s historical novels <i><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche_(novel)" title="Scaramouche (novel)">Scaramouche</a></i> (1921) and <i>Scaramouche the King-Maker</i> (1931). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1790 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/opinion00unse_1"><i>Opinion de M. Le Chapelier sur le droit de faire la paix et la guerre</i></a></li> <li>1791 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rapport00unse_0"><i>Rapport fait par M. Le Chapelier, au nom du Comité de Constitution, sur la pétition des auteurs dramatiques, dans la séance du jeudi 13 janvier 1791, avec le décret rendu dans cette séance</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKerjan2018" class="citation cs2">Kerjan, Daniel (2018-01-17), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/pur/43336">"Chapitre 3. Les francs-maçons rennais et la Révolution de 1789: mythe et réalité"</a>, <i>Rennes: les francs-maçons du Grand Orient de France: 1748-1998: 250 ans dans la ville</i>, Mémoire commune, Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp. 67–83, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-6569-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-6569-2"><bdi>978-2-7535-6569-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rennes%3A+les+francs-ma%C3%A7ons+du+Grand+Orient+de+France%3A+1748-1998%3A+250+ans+dans+la+ville&rft.atitle=Chapitre+3.+Les+francs-ma%C3%A7ons+rennais+et+la+R%C3%A9volution+de+1789%3A+mythe+et+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9&rft.pages=67-83&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.isbn=978-2-7535-6569-2&rft.aulast=Kerjan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpur%2F43336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Ren%C3%A9+Guy+le+Chapelier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Le_Chapelier,_Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Le Chapelier, Isaac René Guy">Le Chapelier, Isaac René Guy</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 353–354.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Le+Chapelier%2C+Isaac+Ren%C3%A9+Guy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=353-354&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsaac+Ren%C3%A9+Guy+le+Chapelier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Jaume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Jaume (page does not exist)">Lucien Jaume</a>, "Le citoyen sans les corps intermédiaires: discours de Le Chapelier", in <i><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Etudes_Politiques_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris">Cahiers du Cevipof</a></i>, Nr. 39, April 2005, pp. 30–40</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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