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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Spence (économiste)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 46 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مايكل سبنس – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل سبنس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مايكل سبنس – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل سبنس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maykl_Spens" title="Maykl Spens – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maykl Spens" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Спенс – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Спенс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкъл Спенс – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Спенс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="মাইকেল স্পেন্স – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল স্পেন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Michael_Spence" title="A. Michael Spence – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="A. Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مایکل اسپنس – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل اسپنس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="מייקל ספנס – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל ספנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D5%8D%D6%83%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Մայքլ Սփենս – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայքլ Սփենս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Michael_Spence" title="A. Michael Spence – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="A. Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Michael_Spence" title="Andrew Michael Spence – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andrew Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="マイケル・スペンス – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・スペンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მაიკლ სპენსი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაიკლ სპენსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="마이클 스펜스 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 스펜스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Мајкл Спенс – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мајкл Спенс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Michael_Spence" title="Andrew Michael Spence – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Andrew Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Michael_Spence" title="A. Michael Spence – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="A. Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مائیکل سپینس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائیکل سپینس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Спенс, Майкл – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спенс, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்கேல் ஸ்பென்ஸ் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்கேல் ஸ்பென்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Spence" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Спенс – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Майкл Спенс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Спенс – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Спенс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%B3" title="میخائل سپنس – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میخائل سپنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" class="mw-disambig" title="Michael Spence">Michael Spence</a> et <a href="/wiki/Spence" class="mw-disambig" title="Spence">Spence</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/35px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/53px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/70px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline)">économiste</a>.</strong> </p> <div class="nomobile"> Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>.</div> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:280px"> <div class="entete icon defaut" style="background-color: #EEEEFF;"> <div>Andrew Michael Spence</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:A_Michael_Spence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image A Michael Spence.jpg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/A_Michael_Spence.jpg/220px-A_Michael_Spence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/A_Michael_Spence.jpg/330px-A_Michael_Spence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/A_Michael_Spence.jpg/440px-A_Michael_Spence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span> </div><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Naissance</th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1943-11-07" data-sort-value="1943-11-07"><a href="/wiki/7_novembre" title="7 novembre">7</a> <a href="/wiki/Novembre_1943" title="Novembre 1943">novembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1943_en_science" title="1943 en science">1943</a></time> <span class="noprint">(81 ans)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Montclair_(New_Jersey)" title="Montclair (New Jersey)">Montclair</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>) (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Nationalité</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">américaine</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#DADAFF; height:1px;"></div> <table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Domaines</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline)">Économie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nouveau_keyn%C3%A9sianisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouveau keynésianisme">Nouveau keynésianisme</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Renommé pour</th> <td> Analyses du marché</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Distinctions</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel" title="Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel">Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel</a><small>(2001)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Site</th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/michael-spence">www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/michael-spence</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#DADAFF;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Scientifique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Andrew Michael Spence</b>, né le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1943-11-07" data-sort-value="1943-11-07">7 novembre 1943</time> à <a href="/wiki/Montclair_(New_Jersey)" title="Montclair (New Jersey)">Montclair</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>), est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomiste" title="Économiste">économiste</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">américain</a>. Il a reçu le <a href="/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel" title="Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel">Prix de la Banque de Suède</a> en <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> avec <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Stiglitz" title="Joseph E. Stiglitz">Joseph E. Stiglitz</a> et <a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> pour ses analyses du marché en situation d'asymétrie d'information. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Formation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Formation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après des études de <a href="/wiki/Philosophie" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a> à <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Princeton" title="Université de Princeton">Princeton</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques">mathématiques</a> à <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Oxford" title="Université d'Oxford">Oxford</a>, Spence obtient un <a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophiæ doctor">Ph.D.</a> en <a href="/wiki/Sciences_%C3%A9conomiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences économiques">sciences économiques</a> à <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Harvard" title="Université Harvard">Harvard</a> en 1972<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Publications" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Publications"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Michael Spence, 2002. "Signaling in Retrospect and the Informational Structure of Markets", <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a>, vol. 92(3), pages 434-459, June</li> <li>Ghemawat, Pankaj & Spence, A Michael, 1985. "Learning Curve Spillovers and Market Performance", The <a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" title="Quarterly Journal of Economics">Quarterly Journal of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>, vol. 100(5), pages 839-52, Supp.</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1984. "Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance, " <a href="/wiki/Econometrica" title="Econometrica">Econometrica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27%C3%A9conom%C3%A9trie" title="Société d'économétrie">Econometric Society</a>, vol. 52(1), pages 101-21, January</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1984. "Industrial Organization and Competitive Advantage in Multinational Industries, " American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(2), pages 356-60, May</li> <li>McCall, John & Noll, Roger & Spence, Michael, 1983. "Information economics and policy in America, " Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 11–12</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1983. "Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure: A Review Article, " <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Literature" title="Journal of Economic Literature">Journal of Economic Literature</a>, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 981-90, September</li> <li>A. M. Spence, 1981. "The Learning Curve and Competition, " Bell Journal of Economics, The <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, vol. 12(1), pages 49–70, Spring</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1980. "Multi-Product Quantity-Dependent Prices and Profitability Constraints, " <a href="/wiki/Review_of_Economic_Studies" title="Review of Economic Studies">Review of Economic Studies</a>, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(5), pages 821-41, October</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1980. "Notes on Advertising, Economies of Scale, and Entry Barriers, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 95(3), pages 493-507, November</li> <li>A. Michael Spence, 1979. "Investment Strategy and Growth in a New Market, " Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 10(1), pages 1–19, Spring</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1978. "Product differentiation and performance in insurance markets, " Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 427-447, December</li> <li>Michael Spence, 1978. "Tacit Co-ordination and Imperfect Information, " Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 11(3), pages 490-505, August</li> <li>Michael Spence, 1978. "Efficient Collusion and Reaction Functions, " Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 11(3), pages 527-33, August</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1977. "Consumer Misperceptions, Product Failure and Producer Liability, " Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(3), pages 561-72, October</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1977. "Nonprice Competition, " <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a>, American Economic Association, vol. 67(1), pages 255-59, February.</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1977. "Nonlinear prices and welfare, " <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Public_Economics" title="Journal of Public Economics">Journal of Public Economics</a>, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 1–18, August</li> <li>A. Michael Spence, 1977. "Entry, Capacity, Investment and Oligopolistic Pricing, " Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 8(2), pages 534-544, Autumn</li> <li>Spence, A Michael & Owen, Bruce, 1977. "Television Programming, Monopolistic Competition, and Welfare, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 91(1), pages 103-26, February</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1976. "Product Selection, Fixed Costs, and Monopolistic Competition, " Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(2), pages 217-35, June</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1976. "Informational Aspects of Market Structure: An Introduction, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 90(4), pages 591-97, November</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1976. "Competition in Salaries, Credentials, and Signaling Prerequisites for Jobs, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 90(1), pages 51–74</li> <li>Roberts, Marc J. & Spence, Michael, 1976. "Effluent charges and licenses under uncertainty, " Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(3-4), pages 193-208</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1976. "Product Differentiation and Welfare, " American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 66(2), pages 407-14, May</li> <li>A. Michael Spence, 1975. "Monopoly, Quality, and Regulation, " Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 6(2), pages 417-429, Autumn</li> <li>A. Michael Spence, 1975. "The Economics of Internal Organization: An Introduction, " Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 6(1), pages 163-172, Spring</li> <li>Spence, A Michael & Starrett, David, 1975. "Most Rapid Approach Paths in Accumulation Problems, " <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Economic_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Economic Review (page inexistante)">International Economic Review</a>, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 16(2), pages 388-403, June</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1974. "Competitive and optimal responses to signals: An analysis of efficiency and distribution, " <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Theory" title="Journal of Economic Theory">Journal of Economic Theory</a>, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 296-332, March</li> <li>Spence, Michael, 1974, Market Signaling: Informational Transfer in Hiring and Related Screening Processes, Cambridge: Harvard University Press</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1973. "Job Market Signaling, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 87(3), pages 355-74, August</li> <li>Spence, A Michael, 1973. "Time and Communication in Economic and Social Interaction, " The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 87(4), pages 651-60, November</li> <li>Keeler, Emmett & Spence, Michael & Zeckhauser, Richard, 1972. "The optimal control of pollution, " Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 19–34, February</li> <li>Spence, Michael & Zeckhauser, Richard J, 1972. "The Effect of the Timing of Consumption Decisions and the Resolution of Lotteries on the Choice of Lotteries, " Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 40(2), pages 401-03, March</li> <li>Spence, Michael & Zeckhauser, Richard, 1971. "Insurance, Information, and Individual Action, " American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(2), pages 380-87, May</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance/honors/nobel-laureates"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Nobel Laureates | Harvard University</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Harvard University</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-01-13" data-sort-value="2018-01-13">13 janvier 2018</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honneur">Honneur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Honneur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Honneur"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prix du jury Berggruen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andrew Weiss (1995). "Human Capital vs. Signalling Explanations of Wages". The <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Perspectives" title="Journal of Economic Perspectives">Journal of Economic Perspectives</a> 9 (4): 133-154</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Spence_(%C3%A9conomiste)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-grenoble.fr/camille.vernet/spip.php?article74">Interview de Spence</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/">Autobiographie</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Fondation_Nobel" title="Fondation Nobel">fondation Nobel</a> (le bandeau sur la page comprend plusieurs liens relatifs à la remise du prix, dont un document rédigé par la personne lauréate — le <i>Prize Lecture</i> — qui détaille ses apports)</li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157245?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" 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Project</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authors.repec.org/pro/psp7"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Research Papers in Economics</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7103007155"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Scopus</span></a></li> </ul></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_dit_Nobel_d%27%C3%A9conomie" title="Modèle:Palette Prix dit Nobel d'économie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Prix_dit_Nobel_d%27%C3%A9conomie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Lauréats du <a href="/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel" title="Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel">prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">1969-1975</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch" title="Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovitch" title="Leonid Kantorovitch">Kantorovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">1976-2000</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">Meade</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Simon</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lewis_(%C3%A9conomiste)" title="Arthur Lewis (économiste)">Lewis</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Klein</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">Tobin</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">Stigler</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Debreu</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Stone</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Modigliani</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Allais</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Haavelmo</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Markowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">Sharpe</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Fogel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">North</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">Harsanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" title="John Forbes Nash">Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Selten</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lucas" title="Robert E. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">Mirrlees</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">Vickrey</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merton" title="Robert Merton">Merton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Scholes</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Mundell</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">Heckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">McFadden</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Depuis 2001</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">Akerlof</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Stiglitz" title="Joseph E. Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Kahneman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Smith</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_W._J._Granger" title="Clive W. J. Granger">Granger</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Kydland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Prescott</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Aumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Schelling</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Phelps" title="Edmund Phelps">Phelps</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Hurwicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Maskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Myerson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Williamson" title="Oliver Williamson">Williamson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Mortensen" title="Dale Mortensen">Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pissarides" title="Christopher Pissarides">Pissarides</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sargent" title="Thomas Sargent">Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Sims</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Roth" title="Alvin Roth">Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Shapley</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shiller" title="Robert Shiller">Shiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Fama</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Tirole</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Deaton</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart" title="Oliver Hart">Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Holmström</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Thaler</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">Nordhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Romer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Kremer</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Milgrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Wilson</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">Card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Angrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Imbens</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Diamond" title="Douglas Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dybvig" title="Philip Dybvig">Dybvig</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Goldin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemo%C4%9Flu" title="Daron Acemoğlu">Acemoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson" title="Simon Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">Robinson</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel" title="Prix Nobel">Prix Nobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie" title="Prix Nobel de chimie">Chimie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel" title="Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel">Économie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature" title="Prix Nobel de littérature">Littérature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix" title="Prix Nobel de la paix">Paix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine" title="Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine">Physiologie ou médecine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique" title="Prix Nobel de physique">Physique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2001" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2001"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2001&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Lauréats des <a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel" title="Prix Nobel">prix Nobel</a> 2001</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie" title="Prix Nobel de chimie">Chimie</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> (États-Unis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a> (Japon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Barry_Sharpless" title="K. Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a> (États-Unis)</li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature" title="Prix Nobel de littérature">Littérature</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a> (Royaume-Uni)</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix" title="Prix Nobel de la paix">Paix</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> (Ghana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies" title="Organisation des Nations unies">Organisation des Nations unies</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique" title="Prix Nobel de physique">Physique</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Eric Cornell</a> (États-Unis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a> (Allemagne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (États-Unis)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine" title="Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine">Physiologie ou médecine</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a> (États-Unis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> (Royaume-Uni)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (Royaume-Uni)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prix_de_la_Banque_de_Su%C3%A8de_en_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_en_m%C3%A9moire_d%27Alfred_Nobel" title="Prix de la Banque de Suède en sciences économiques en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel">Sciences économiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">George Akerlof</a> (États-Unis)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Spence</a> (États-Unis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Stiglitz" title="Joseph E. Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> (États-Unis)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="3"><div class="liste-horizontale"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_r%C3%A9cipiendaires_du_prix_Nobel" title="Liste des récipiendaires du prix Nobel">Lauréats par année</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2000" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2001" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2001">01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2002" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2002">02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2003" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2003">03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2004" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2004">04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2005" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2005">05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2006" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2006">06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2007" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2007">07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2008" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2008">08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2009" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2009">09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2010" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2010">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2011" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2011">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2012" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2012">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2013" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2013">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2014" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2014">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2015" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2015">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2016" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2016">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2017" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2017">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2018" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2018">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2019" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2019">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2020" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2020">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2021" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2021">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2022" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2022">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2023" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2023">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Laur%C3%A9ats_des_prix_Nobel_2024" title="Modèle:Palette Lauréats des prix Nobel 2024">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span 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