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President of Somaliland - Wikipedia
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<span>Eligibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of presidents of Somaliland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_in_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_in_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death in office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_in_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latest_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Latest election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latest_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of state and of government of Somaliland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of the<br />Republic of Somaliland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span title="Somali-language text"><i lang="so">Madaxweynaha Soomaaliland</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Somaliland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Somaliland.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Somaliland.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_President_of_Somaliland.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the President of Somaliland</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a><br /></div>since 21 December 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2024-12-21</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Mr. President</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Somaliland">Cabinet of Somaliland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Presidential Palace</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">Direct election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years, renewable once</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somaliland" title="Constitution of Somaliland">Constitution of Somaliland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1991<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1991-05-28</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Ahmed_Ali_Tuur" title="Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur">Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Somaliland" title="Vice President of Somaliland">Vice President of Somaliland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madaxtooyadajsl.com/">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>president of Somaliland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>: <i lang="so">Madaxweynaha Soomaaliland</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رئيس جمهورية أرض الصومال</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Rayiys jumhuriat 'ard alsuwmal</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>. The president is also <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Armed_Forces" title="Somaliland Armed Forces">Somaliland Armed Forces</a>. The president represents the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somaliland" title="Government of Somaliland">Government of Somaliland</a>. </p><p>The first president of Somaliland was <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Ahmed_Ali_Tuur" title="Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur">Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur</a>. The current office-holder is the 5th president <a href="/wiki/Muse_Bihi_Abdi" title="Muse Bihi Abdi">Muse Bihi Abdi</a>, who took office on 13 December 2017. The President can serve a maximum of two five-year terms. The Republic of Somaliland regards itself as the <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states" title="Succession of states">successor state</a> to the former <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="British Somaliland Protectorate">British Somaliland Protectorate</a>, which was an independent country for a few days in 1960 as the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Somaliland" title="State of Somaliland">State of Somaliland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg/220px-Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg/330px-Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg/440px-Tuur-and-Egaal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>The outgoing president, Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, leaves the hall alongside newly elected president, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal. Tuur is being congratulated by an elder man on his decision to accept the outcome of the election and stand down peacefully after several days intense debate and negotiation.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first president of Somaliland was Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_National_Movement" title="Somali National Movement">Somali National Movement</a> (SNM), who took office on 7 June 1991, weeks after Somaliland was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by four further people: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Haji_Ibrahim_Egal" title="Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal">Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahir_Riyale_Kahin" title="Dahir Riyale Kahin">Dahir Riyale Kahin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohamed_Mohamoud" title="Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud">Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muse_Bihi_Abdi" title="Muse Bihi Abdi">Muse Bihi Abdi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By Article 82 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somaliland" title="Constitution of Somaliland">Constitution of Somaliland</a>, a person shall be eligible for the office of President or <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Somaliland" title="Vice President of Somaliland">Vice President</a> if (a) he is a citizen of Somaliland by birth, and, notwithstanding residence as a <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> in another country, must not hold any other citizenship; (b) he must be a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, and must behave in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam"> Islamic religion</a>; (c) he must be at least 40 years of age; and (d) he fulfills other criteria set out in this Article.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland">List of presidents of Somaliland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of presidents of Somaliland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">List of presidents of Somaliland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_in_office">Death in office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death in office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One Somaliland president has died in office: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Haji_Ibrahim_Egal" title="Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal">Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal</a>, who died on 3 May 2002 aged 73.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latest_election">Latest election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Latest election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Somaliland_presidential_election" title="2024 Somaliland presidential election">2024 Somaliland presidential election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somaliland" title="Politics of Somaliland">Politics of Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Somaliland" title="Vice President of Somaliland">Vice President of Somaliland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_office-holders" title="Lists of office-holders">Lists of office-holders</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1960/06/26/archives/somaliland-marks-independence-after-73-years-of-british-rule.html">"Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(fee required)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1960-06-26. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Somaliland+Marks+Independence+After+73+Years+of+British+Rule&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1960-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1960%2F06%2F26%2Farchives%2Fsomaliland-marks-independence-after-73-years-of-british-rule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10740852">"How Britain said farewell to its Empire"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+Britain+said+farewell+to+its+Empire&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-10740852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/somaliasomaliland-1960-present/"><i>37. Somalia/Somaliland (1960-present)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=37.+Somalia%2FSomaliland+%281960-present%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuca.edu%2Fpoliticalscience%2Fdadm-project%2Fsub-saharan-africa-region%2Fsomaliasomaliland-1960-present%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2017" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (2017-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2017/12/13/somaliland-hailed-as-it-swears-in-new-president/">"Somaliland hailed as it swears in new president"</a>. <i>Africanews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Somaliland+hailed+as+it+swears+in+new+president&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft.au=AfricaNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2017%2F12%2F13%2Fsomaliland-hailed-as-it-swears-in-new-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nazret.com/2019/02/20/abiy-holds-talks-with-president-of-somaliland-administration/">"Abiy holds talks with President of Somaliland Administration"</a>. <i>Nazret</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nazret&rft.atitle=Abiy+holds+talks+with+President+of+Somaliland+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nazret.com%2F2019%2F02%2F20%2Fabiy-holds-talks-with-president-of-somaliland-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">name=Constitution>*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution/body_somaliland_constitution.htm#Heading">The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland</a> and in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf">Somaliland Official Gazette</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420033000/http://somalilandlaw.com/Faafinta_Rasmiga_JSL_S1_Cad_1aad_2012.pdf">Archived</a> 20 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-r.org/accord/somalia/making-somaliland-constitution-and-its-role-democratisation-and-peace">"Making the Somaliland constitution and its role in democratisation and peace"</a>. <i>Conciliation Resources</i>. 1 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conciliation+Resources&rft.atitle=Making+the+Somaliland+constitution+and+its+role+in+democratisation+and+peace&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-r.org%2Faccord%2Fsomalia%2Fmaking-somaliland-constitution-and-its-role-democratisation-and-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Somaliland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Somaliland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Somaliland&#124;link=Somaliland_Presidents_of_Somaliland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland"><img alt="Somaliland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/36px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Presidents of Somaliland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Somaliland"><img alt="Emblem of Somaliland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Ahmed_Ali_Tuur" title="Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur">Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Haji_Ibrahim_Egal" title="Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal">Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahir_Riyale_Kahin" title="Dahir Riyale Kahin">Dahir Riyale Kahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohamed_Mohamoud" title="Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud">Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Bihi_Abdi" title="Muse Bihi Abdi">Muse Bihi Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a> (elect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Somaliland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Somaliland_topics" title="Template:Somaliland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Somaliland_topics" title="Template talk:Somaliland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Somaliland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Somaliland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Somaliland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Somaliland-related_articles" title="Index of Somaliland-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somaliland" title="History of Somaliland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laas_Geel" title="Laas Geel">Laas Geel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhambalin" title="Dhambalin">Dhambalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ifat" title="Sultanate of Ifat">Sultanate of Ifat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adal_Sultanate" title="Adal Sultanate">Adal Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate" title="Isaaq Sultanate">Isaaq Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berbera" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Berbera">Battle of Berbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habr_Yunis_Sultanate" title="Habr Yunis Sultanate">Habr Yunis Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_British_Somaliland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of British Somaliland">Postage stamps and postal history of British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign_(1920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland campaign (1920)">Somaliland campaign (1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Burao_Tax_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 Burao Tax Revolt">1922 Burao Tax Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">Italian invasion of British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Camel_Corps" title="Somaliland Camel Corps">Somaliland Camel Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Scouts" title="Somaliland Scouts">Somaliland Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Sheikh_Bashir_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion">1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_British_Somaliland" title="List of colonial governors of British Somaliland">List of colonial governors of British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Somaliland" title="State of Somaliland">State of Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_War_of_Independence" title="Somaliland War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_genocide" title="Isaaq genocide">Isaaq genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_National_Movement" title="Somali National Movement">National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Somaliland Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntland%E2%80%93Somaliland_dispute" title="Puntland–Somaliland dispute">Border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Waheen_Market_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Waheen Market fire">2022 Waheen Market fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Somaliland" title="Outline of Somaliland">Outline of Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Somalia" title="Military history of Somalia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_British_Somaliland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of British Somaliland">Postal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Somaliland" title="Coat of arms of Somaliland"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somaliland" title="Geography of Somaliland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Somaliland" title="List of cities in Somaliland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Somaliland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Somaliland" title="Geology of Somaliland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Somalia" title="Wildlife of Somalia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Waterfalls_of_Somaliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Waterfalls of Somaliland (page does not exist)">Waterfalls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamadaya" title="Lamadaya">Lamadaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Somaliland" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Somaliland">Mountain ranges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golis_Mountains" title="Golis Mountains">Golis Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Madow" title="Cal Madow">Cal Madow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogo_Mountains" title="Ogo Mountains">Ogo Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buur_Dhaab" title="Buur Dhaab">Buur Dhaab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Somaliland" title="Category:Mountains of Somaliland">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shimbiris" title="Mount Shimbiris">Shimbiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golis_Mountains" title="Golis Mountains">Golis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Madow" title="Cal Madow">Cal Madow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buur_Dhaab" title="Buur Dhaab">Buur Dhaab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dul_Madoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dul Madoba">Dul Madoba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Somaliland" title="Category:Islands of Somaliland">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ad_ad-Din_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'ad ad-Din Islands">Sa'ad ad-Din Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_in_Somaliland" title="Caves in Somaliland">Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Somaliland" title="Regions of Somaliland">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awdal" title="Awdal">Awdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroodi_Jeex" title="Maroodi Jeex">Maroodi Jeex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saaxil" class="mw-redirect" title="Saaxil">Saaxil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaag" title="Sanaag">Sanaag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sool,_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sool, Somalia">Sool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togdheer" title="Togdheer">Togdheer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somaliland" title="Politics of Somaliland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Somaliland">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somaliland" title="Constitution of Somaliland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Somaliland" title="Elections in Somaliland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somaliland" title="Foreign relations of Somaliland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Somaliland" title="List of diplomatic missions in Somaliland">Diplomatic missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somaliland" title="Government of Somaliland">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_representative_offices_of_Somaliland" title="List of representative offices of Somaliland">Embassies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somaliland" title="Human rights in Somaliland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Somaliland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somaliland" title="Judiciary of Somaliland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeer" title="Xeer">Law <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Xeer</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Armed_Forces" title="Somaliland Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Police" title="Somaliland Police">Somaliland Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somaliland" title="Parliament of Somaliland">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">House of Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Somaliland)" title="House of Representatives (Somaliland)">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somaliland" title="List of political parties in Somaliland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of Somaliland">Vice-President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of Somaliland">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_Somaliland" title="Template:Ministers of Somaliland">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Somaliland" title="Template:Mayors of Somaliland">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Somaliland" title="Visa policy of Somaliland">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somaliland" title="Economy of Somaliland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Somaliland" title="Agriculture in Somaliland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Somaliland" title="Bank of Somaliland">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Somaliland" title="List of airports in Somaliland">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies of Somaliland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Somalia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Somalia">EEZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Somaliland" title="Energy in Somaliland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ports_in_Somaliland" title="Template:Ports in Somaliland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_shilling" title="Somaliland shilling">Shilling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somaliland" title="Telecommunications in Somaliland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Somaliland" title="Tourism in Somaliland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Somaliland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Somaliland" title="Category:Society of Somaliland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samo_ku_waar" title="Samo ku waar">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Somaliland" title="National emblem of Somaliland">National emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Somalia" title="Demographics of Somalia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somaliland" title="Education in Somaliland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somaliland" title="Flag of Somaliland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Somaliland" title="National Library of Somaliland">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Somaliland" title="Public holidays in Somaliland">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Somaliland)" title="Independence Day (Somaliland)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Somaliland" title="Telephone numbers in Somaliland">Calling code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Somaliland" title="Supreme Court of Somaliland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Somaliland" title="Culture of Somaliland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_art" title="Somali art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Somaliland" title="Media of Somaliland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somalia" title="Music of Somalia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Somaliland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Somaliland" title="Sports in Somaliland">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_national_football_team" title="Somaliland national football team">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Regional_Games" title="Somaliland Regional Games">Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somaliland" title="Languages of Somaliland">Languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Somaliland" title="Category:Somaliland">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Somaliland" title="Portal:Somaliland">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of state">Heads of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Algeria" title="President of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of heads of state of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Burundi" title="President of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cameroon" title="President of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of presidents of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of state of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Chad" title="List of heads of state of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Djibouti" title="List of presidents of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Egypt" title="President of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Eswatini" title="List of monarchs of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Gabon" title="President of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea" title="List of presidents of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of state of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" title="List of heads of state of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Madagascar" title="List of presidents of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mali" title="List of heads of state of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Mauritania" title="List of heads of state of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mauritius" title="President of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Mozambique" title="List of presidents of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Namibia" title="President of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Niger" title="List of heads of state of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Rwanda" title="List of presidents of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Senegal" title="President of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Togo" title="List of presidents of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tunisia" title="President of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Uganda" title="President of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Angola" title="President of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Benin" title="President of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Burkina_Faso" title="List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of prime ministers of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="List of heads of government of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Chad" title="List of prime ministers of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Comoros" title="List of heads of state of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Eritrea" title="List of heads of state of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Eswatini" title="List of prime ministers of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Gambia" title="President of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ghana" title="President of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of government of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malawi" title="President of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mali" title="List of prime ministers of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritania" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mozambique" title="List of prime ministers of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Niger" title="List of prime ministers of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Seychelles" title="List of presidents of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Sierra_Leone" title="President of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Somalia" title="List of prime ministers of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_South_Sudan" title="List of heads of state of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sudan" title="List of heads of government of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Tanzania" title="President of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Togo" title="List of prime ministers of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zambia" title="President of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somaliland" title="List of presidents of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct states<br />and governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ashanti Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante" title="List of rulers of Asante">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Benin" title="List of prime ministers of Benin">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Burundi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Burundi" title="List of kings of Burundi">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Central African Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Central_Africa" title="Emperor of Central Africa">Emperor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dahomey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Dahomey" title="King of Dahomey">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egypt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="Muhammad Ali dynasty">Muhammad Ali dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Monarch</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ethiopia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The Gambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Gambia" title="Prime Minister of the Gambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ghana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kingdom of Kongo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manikongo" title="Manikongo">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Kongo" title="List of rulers of Kongo">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Malawi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Merina Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Imerina_monarchs" title="List of Imerina monarchs">Monarch</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nigeria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange Free State <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_Orange_Free_State" title="State President of the Orange Free State">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rwanda <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Rwanda" title="List of kings of Rwanda">King</a></li></ul></li> <li>South African Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_the_South_African_Republic" title="State President of the South African Republic">State President</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_President_of_South_Africa" title="State President of South Africa">State President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tunisia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beys_of_Tunis" title="List of beys of Tunis">Bey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zanzibar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Zanzibar" title="List of sultans of Zanzibar">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Zanzibar" title="List of heads of government of Zanzibar">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zambia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zimbabwe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Zulu Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zulu_kings" title="List of Zulu kings">King</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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