CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>黑颈鹤 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"eae123d9-3962-45f5-b21b-af4d508b2abd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"黑颈鹤","wgTitle":"黑颈鹤","wgCurRevisionId":81248373,"wgRevisionId":81248373,"wgArticleId":22895,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有过时参数的引用的页面","物种微格式条目","含有拉丁語的條目","有未列明来源语句的条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","IUCN紅色名錄近危物種","鹤属","中国国家一级保护动物","四川鸟类","云南鸟类","昭通","甘肃鸟类","新疆鸟类","西藏鸟类","不丹鳥類","1876年描述的鸟类"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"黑颈鹤","wgRelevantArticleId":22895, "wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q261445","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="826"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="551"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg/640px-%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="441"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="黑颈鹤 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-黑颈鹤 rootpage-黑颈鹤 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-分布地域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分布地域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>分布地域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分布地域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体型特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体型特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>体型特征</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-体型特征-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关体型特征子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-体型特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-外部形态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部形态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>外部形态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部形态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>体色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-习性与繁衍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#习性与繁衍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>习性与繁衍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-习性与繁衍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关习性与繁衍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-习性与繁衍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-习性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#习性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>习性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-习性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-繁殖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#繁殖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>繁殖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-繁殖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>食物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生态环境与保护" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生态环境与保护"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>生态环境与保护</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生态环境与保护-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生态环境与保护子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生态环境与保护-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-环境威胁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#环境威胁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>环境威胁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-环境威胁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保护" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保护"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>保护</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保护-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化象征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化象征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化象征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化象征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">黑颈鹤</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。46种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="كركي أسود المنقار – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كركي أسود المنقار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="كركى اسود المنقار – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كركى اسود المنقار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraboyun_durna" title="Qaraboyun durna – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraboyun durna" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Черноврат жерав – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черноврат жерав" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A" title="करिया क्रौंच – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="करिया क्रौंच" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8" title="কালোঘাড় সারস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কালোঘাড় সারস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garan_gouzoug_du" title="Garan gouzoug du – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Garan gouzoug du" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grua_collnegra" title="Grua collnegra – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grua collnegra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%99%C3%A1b_%C4%8Dernokrk%C3%BD" title="Jeřáb černokrký – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeřáb černokrký" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garan_gyddfddu" title="Garan gyddfddu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Garan gyddfddu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzhalskranich" title="Schwarzhalskranich – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzhalskranich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="कालीकण्ठे सारस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कालीकण्ठे सारस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-necked_crane" title="Black-necked crane – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Black-necked crane" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrakola_gruo" title="Nigrakola gruo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigrakola gruo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4gikurg" title="Mägikurg – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mägikurg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="درنای گردن‌سیاه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درنای گردن‌سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustakaulakurki" title="Mustakaulakurki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mustakaulakurki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grue_%C3%A0_cou_noir" title="Grue à cou noir – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grue à cou noir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8" title="עגור שחור-צוואר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עגור שחור-צוואר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="काला-गर्दन सारस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काला-गर्दन सारस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kormosfej%C5%B1_daru" title="Kormosfejű daru – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kormosfejű daru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%85%E3%83%AB" title="オグロヅル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オグロヅル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodakakl%C4%97_gerv%C4%97" title="Juodakaklė gervė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodakaklė gervė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ടിബറ്റൻ കൊക്ക് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടിബറ്റൻ കൊക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%88%D3%B1%D3%93%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Шим шӱӓн тыртня – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шим шӱӓн тыртня" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="कालीकण्ठे सारस – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कालीकण्ठे सारस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarthalskraanvogel" title="Zwarthalskraanvogel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarthalskraanvogel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarthalstrane" title="Svarthalstrane – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svarthalstrane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9%C3%A9%C5%82_bik%CA%BCos_%C5%82izhin%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Dééł bikʼos łizhinígíí – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dééł bikʼos łizhinígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBuraw_czarnoszyi" title="Żuraw czarnoszyi – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żuraw czarnoszyi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7" title="کالی تون آلا بگلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کالی تون آلا بگلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grou-de-pesco%C3%A7o-preto" title="Grou-de-pescoço-preto – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grou-de-pescoço-preto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocor_cu_g%C3%A2t_negru" title="Cocor cu gât negru – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cocor cu gât negru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Черношейный журавль – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Черношейный журавль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-necked_crane" title="Black-necked crane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black-necked crane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarthalsad_trana" title="Svarthalsad trana – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svarthalsad trana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="கருப்புக் கழுத்துக் கொக்கு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருப்புக் கழுத்துக் கொக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3" title="นกกระเรียนคอดำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นกกระเรียนคอดำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B9" title="Журавель чорношиїй – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Журавель чорношиїй" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%BFu_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91en" title="Sếu cổ đen – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sếu cổ đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" title="Grus nigricollis – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Grus nigricollis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q261445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&oldid=81248373" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&id=81248373&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25A2%2588%25E9%25B9%25A4"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BB%2591%25E9%25A2%2588%25E9%25B9%25A4"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" hreflang="en"><span>维基物种</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q261445" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">黑颈鹤<span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em; margin-top:0.05em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A1%86" title="Help:如何閱讀生物資訊框"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/18px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/27px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Infobox_info_icon2.svg/36px-Infobox_info_icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg/220px-%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg/330px-%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg/440px-%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="482" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="保护状况">保护状况</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="link= class=skin-invert-image"><img alt="link= class=skin-invert-image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_NT_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="近危物种">近危</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">IUCN 3.1</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">科学分类</a> <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding:0.1em 0.4em 0 0; margin-left:-3em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Grus" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/16px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/24px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Small_Pencil_Icon.svg/32px-Small_Pencil_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">界：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="动物界">动物界</a> Animalia</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">门：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="脊索动物门">脊索动物门</a> Chordata</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">纲：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟纲">鸟纲</a> Aves</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">目：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" title="鹤形目">鹤形目</a> Gruiformes</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">科：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="鹤科">鹤科</a> Gruidae</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">属：</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="鹤属">鹤属</a> <i>Grus</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap">种： </td> <td><div class="nowrap" style="display:inline;"><b>黑颈鹤 <i>G. nigricollis</i></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="二名法">二名法</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Grus nigricollis</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E7%83%AD%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="普尔热瓦尔斯基">Przhevalsky</a>, 1876</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GrusNigricollisMap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/GrusNigricollisMap.svg/220px-GrusNigricollisMap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/GrusNigricollisMap.svg/330px-GrusNigricollisMap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/GrusNigricollisMap.svg/440px-GrusNigricollisMap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="996" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732977">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>黑颈鹤</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名">學名</a>：<i><b><span lang="la">Grus nigricollis</span></b></i>），亦称<b>高原鹤</b>、<b>藏鹤</b>、<b>西藏鹤</b>、<b>黑脖鹤</b>，是世界上唯一的一种生长、繁殖在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="高原">高原</a>的鹤类<sup id="cite_ref-yun_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1876年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="俄国">俄国</a>探险家<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E7%83%AD%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="普尔热瓦尔斯基">普尔热瓦尔斯基</a>第一次在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E6%B9%96" title="青海湖">青海湖</a>发现黑颈鹤，这是全球发现得最晚的一种鹤类，使世界鹤类总数达到15种<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。黑颈鹤名列中国98种特有<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鸟类">鸟类</a>中的第26号，属于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="中国国家一级保护动物">中国国家一级保护动物</a>，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约">濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约</a>》和国际鸟类红皮书把黑颈鹤定为全球急需拯救的鸟类。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分布地域"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83.E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F"></span>分布地域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：分布地域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑颈鹤分布区域狭窄，除中国外，有极少数在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>栖息<sup id="cite_ref-birdlife_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birdlife-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，原来在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>曾有过少量黑颈鹤，但现已绝迹<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。在中国，黑颈鹤也只生存在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E8%B4%B5%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="云贵高原">云贵高原</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="青海">青海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="四川">四川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="云南">云南</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贵州">贵州</a>7个省区。黑颈鹤分布范围北起新疆的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔金山">阿尔金山</a>，延伸到甘肃的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%81%E8%BF%9E%E5%B1%B1" title="祁连山">祁连山</a>，南至西藏的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜马拉雅山">喜马拉雅山</a>北坡和云南的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="横断山">横断山</a>，西起<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喀喇昆仑山">喀喇昆仑山</a>，东至青藏高原东北缘的甘肃，青海和四川交界的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E6%BD%98%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松潘草地（页面不存在）">松潘草地</a>及云南与贵州交界的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%92%99%E5%B1%B1" title="乌蒙山">乌蒙山</a>。其中，云南<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%82" title="昭通市">昭通市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%85" class="mw-redirect" title="大山包">大山包</a>被誉为“中国黑颈鹤之乡”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="体型特征"><span id=".E4.BD.93.E5.9E.8B.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>体型特征</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：体型特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外部形态"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E5.BD.A2.E6.80.81"></span>外部形态</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：外部形态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavenn_Grus_nigricollis_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Stavenn_Grus_nigricollis_00.jpg/250px-Stavenn_Grus_nigricollis_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Stavenn_Grus_nigricollis_00.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>黑颈鹤</figcaption></figure> <p>黑颈鹤为大型飞行涉禽，具有足长、喙长、颈长的典型涉禽类特征。成年黑鹤颈体重在5至7<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="公斤">公斤</a>之间，体长1.14到1.5米。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="体色"><span id=".E4.BD.93.E8.89.B2"></span>体色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：体色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑颈鹤的体羽为灰白色，头顶皮肤血红色，并布有稀疏发状羽。除眼后和眼下方具一小白色或灰白色斑外，头的其余部分和颈的上部约2/3为黑色，故称黑颈鹤。它的初级飞羽和最内侧延长的次级飞羽呈黑色，后者被覆于尾羽上面。外侧次级飞羽内翈和尾羽黑色，尾上覆羽灰色。虹膜黄色。嘴角橄榄绿到角灰色，端部黄。附蹠和趾黑色，雌雄相似。幼鸟棕黄色，颈、背、翅部略深，腹部颜色较淡，其嘴、腿为肉红色。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在中国乌蒙山区一带，根据黑颈鹤的栖息地不同，灰白色覆盖的程度也不同，贵州草海四周有众多小型铅锌矿、冶炼厂，空气污染严重，黑色粉尘多，故当地黑颈鹤体羽偏黑色。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="昭通">昭通</a>大山包<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>高，空气清新，有两个较大的水库，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="沼泽">沼泽</a>面积大，黑颈鹤经常洗澡，故体羽偏白。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%B3%BD%E5%8E%BF" title="会泽县">会泽县</a>长海子水库四周的山坡坡度大，形成的沼泽地少，黑颈鹤洗澡不方便，红土地的灰尘就给黑颈鹤羽毛添上一些土黄色。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="习性与繁衍"><span id=".E4.B9.A0.E6.80.A7.E4.B8.8E.E7.B9.81.E8.A1.8D"></span>习性与繁衍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：习性与繁衍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="习性"><span id=".E4.B9.A0.E6.80.A7"></span>习性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：习性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑颈鹤栖息于海拔2500～5000米的高原，通常生活在沼泽地、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>及河滩等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a>环境。黑颈鹤为<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%99%E9%B8%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="候鸟">候鸟</a>，每年早春3月集群离开越冬地云贵高原北上迁至青藏高原东北部，在高寒草甸沼泽地或湖泊河流沼泽地中选择适应的地区，于4月下旬开始繁殖育幼。到了10月下旬则飞到青藏高原东南部、云贵高原及中印、中巴边境过冬。黑颈鹤一般选择海拔在1900m以上<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>、河流等湿地内，距离<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" title="耕地">耕地</a>较近且人、畜干扰较少的栖息地停歇。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>黑颈鹤越冬时集群较大，一般都有十几只至几百只在一起，长途飞行时多排成“一”字纵队或“V”字队形前。刚飞到越冬地时黑颈鹤胆很小，特别警惕，一直要在空中盘旋，直到它们认为安全了才会慢慢降落下来。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="繁殖"><span id=".E7.B9.81.E6.AE.96"></span>繁殖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：繁殖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑颈鹤在繁殖地主要以家族集群为主，筑巢于沼泽地带地势较高的草墩或泥墩上，占地范围比较大，每一对鹤大约占地2~4<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="平方公里">平方公里</a>。 </p><p>黑颈鹤的繁殖期从5月初开始，经常在早晨到中午时间交配，5月底开始产卵。没有明显的筑巢期，而是在开始产卵及以后整个卵化过程中不断完善巢穴，巢结构简单，大小不定，巢材无特殊需求，因生长的草被而定。黑颈鹤的营巢时间长短主要受营巢生境、月份和做巢类型的影响。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>刚产不久的卵淡青色,布满不规则的棕褪色斑点,特别是钝端十分密集,经孵化一般时间后,淡青色变为土褐色。 </p><p>一对繁殖鹤一年只产一至两枚卵，经过31至33天，大约6月上旬，孵化的幼鹤就出壳了。出壳后的幼鹤经常打斗，有时体弱的幼鹤就会在打斗中死亡。幸存下来的幼鹤生长非常快，它必须在10月上旬以前学会飞行，否则当成鸟南迁时，幼鹤留在繁殖地，就会遭遇气候、食物和天敌带来的灾难，往往只有死路一条。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食物"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E7.89.A9"></span>食物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：食物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黑颈鹤以绿色植物的根、芽为主食，兼食<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="软体动物">软体动物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB" title="昆虫">昆虫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="蛙">蛙</a>类、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC" title="鱼">鱼</a>类等。在越冬地则主要吃当地的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="农作物">农作物</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%83%E8%96%AF" title="马铃薯">土豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" title="玉米">玉米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%9E%E9%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="荞麦">荞麦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%BA%A6" title="燕麦">燕麦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%9D%E5%8D%9C" title="萝卜">萝卜</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生态环境与保护"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.80.81.E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83.E4.B8.8E.E4.BF.9D.E6.8A.A4"></span>生态环境与保护</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：生态环境与保护"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="环境威胁"><span id=".E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83.E5.A8.81.E8.83.81"></span>环境威胁</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：环境威胁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于高原生活条件严酷，气候变化大，冬天积雪多，食物短缺，加之幼鹤成活率低，因此，黑颈鹤的种群数量十分稀少。随着人类活动的范围增大，黑颈鹤被迫向更高海拔地区转移，生存空间越来越小，食物的种类和数量也越来越少。20世纪50年代，印度、越南还有数百只黑颈鹤生活，云南很多海拔较低的地区也有不少黑颈鹤出没，但现在这些地区黑颈鹤都已绝迹。 </p><p>黑颈鹤离不开湿地。湿地面积减少和部分湿地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="沙化">沙化</a>现象严重<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，造成黑颈鹤食物短缺，在越冬地主要依赖农民秋收后散落在地里的农作物和春播种子为生，这就引生出“人鸟争食”的矛盾，农民为阻止黑颈鹤到农地里觅食，伤害黑颈鹤的事时有发生。同时，湿地<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>易受<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="重金属">重金属</a>污染，这会对黑颈鹤的取食和健康造成一定的危害。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>云贵高原的沼泽，大多是泥炭型沼泽，当地农民在沼泽湿地挖“海垡”作燃料，不但破坏了湿地生态，还直接威胁到黑颈鹤的生存环境，因而“人鸟争地”的矛盾在一些地方也开始突显出来。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在黑颈鹤繁殖地，牧民有拾蛋的习惯。每年5月，牧民把鹤巢里的蛋拿走，这也是黑颈鹤繁殖率低的一个原因。 </p><p>另有调查发现，在靠近黑颈鹤夜宿和觅食地的地方，多发生鹤类和雁类误撞<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%BB%E7%BA%9C" title="架空電纜">输电线</a>而亡的情况。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="保护"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E6.8A.A4"></span>保护</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：保护"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1983年在印度召开的国际鹤类保护会议公布，全球只有200只黑颈鹤。2020年推测全球黑颈鹤数量已超过1.5万只<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>截止到2002年，中国<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="西宁">西宁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD" title="北京动物园">北京动物园</a>和国际鹤类基金会合作已成功地进行了黑颈鹤的人工繁殖。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>目前中国以保护黑颈鹤为主的各级<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a>共有15个，其中有3个为国家级自然保护区。同時，根据《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国刑法">中华人民共和国刑法</a>》规定，黑颈鹤作为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="中国国家一级保护动物">中国国家一级保护动物</a>，杀害烹食之将可能触犯非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪，可能會受到刑事处罚。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化象征"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E8.B1.A1.E5.BE.81"></span>文化象征</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：文化象征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>中, 黑颈鹤被视为吉祥神圣的象征<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22692162"><span></span><i>Grus nigricollis</i><span></span></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i> <b>2020</b>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.btitle=Grus+nigricollis&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%27%27The+IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species%27%27+%27%27%272020%27%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapiv3.iucnredlist.org%2Fapi%2Fv3%2Ftaxonredirect%2F22692162&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yun-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yun_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">孔德军，杨晓君; et al. 云南大山包黑颈鹤日间越冬时间分配和活动节律. 动物学研究. 2008, <b>29</b> (2): 195–202. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2095-8137"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2095-8137</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A0254-5853.2008.02.013"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3321/j.issn:0254-5853.2008.02.013</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E6%97%A5%E9%97%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%86%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%92%8C%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%8A%82%E5%BE%8B&rft.au=%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%86%9B%EF%BC%8C%E6%9D%A8%E6%99%93%E5%90%9B&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2095-8137&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=195-202&rft.volume=29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A0254-5853.2008.02.013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李来兴. 黑颈鹤种群生态及濒危等级评估. 生物多样性. 1997, <b>5</b> (2): 84–89. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02951625"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF02951625</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%8F%8A%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%9D%A5%E5%85%B4&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7&rft.pages=84-89&rft.volume=5&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02951625&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">王有辉，吴至康. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dwxzz.ioz.ac.cn/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=89020035&flag=&journal_id=dwxb&year_id=1989">我国的黑颈鹤与研究</a>. 动物学研究: 35–39. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127111848/http://dwxzz.ioz.ac.cn/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=89020035&flag=&journal_id=dwxb&year_id=1989">存档</a>于2018-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E4%B8%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%89%E8%BE%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%90%B4%E8%87%B3%E5%BA%B7&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=35-39&rft.volume=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwxzz.ioz.ac.cn%2Fch%2Freader%2Fcreate_pdf.aspx%3Ffile_no%3D89020035%26flag%3D%26journal_id%3Ddwxb%26year_id%3D1989&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birdlife-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birdlife_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Collar, NJ; AV Andreev; S Chan; MJ Crosby; S Subramanya; JA Tobias (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722105715/http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/grusnigr.pdf">Threatened Birds of Asia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. BirdLife International. 2001: 1198–1225 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/grusnigr.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2011-07-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.au=AV+Andreev&rft.au=Collar%2C+NJ&rft.au=JA+Tobias&rft.au=MJ+Crosby&rft.au=S+Chan&rft.au=S+Subramanya&rft.btitle=Threatened+Birds+of+Asia&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=1198-1225&rft.pub=BirdLife+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbirdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp%2Frdb%2Frdb_en%2Fgrusnigr.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E4%B9%8B%E4%B9%A1" title="中国鸟类之乡">中国鸟类之乡</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吕宗宝. 高原鹤类——黑颈鹤. 动物学杂志: 41–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E9%B9%A4%E7%B1%BB%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.au=%E5%90%95%E5%AE%97%E5%AE%9D&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97&rft.pages=41-43&rft.volume=1998&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">高立波，钱法文; et al. 云南大山包越冬黑颈鹤迁徙路线的卫星跟踪. 动物学研究. 2007, <b>28</b> (4): 353–361. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A0254-5853.2007.04.003"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3321/j.issn:0254-5853.2007.04.003</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%85%E8%B6%8A%E5%86%AC%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%A2%EF%BC%8C%E9%92%B1%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=353-361&rft.volume=28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A0254-5853.2007.04.003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蒋政权，李凤山; et al. 若尔盖湿地保护区黑颈鹤巢期及影响因子. 生态学报. 2017, <b>37</b> (3): 1027–1034. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5846%2Fstxb201509171913"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5846/stxb201509171913</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E8%8B%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E5%B7%A2%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%8A%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&rft.au=%E8%92%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83%EF%BC%8C%E6%9D%8E%E5%87%A4%E5%B1%B1&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=1027-1034&rft.volume=37&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5846%2Fstxb201509171913&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李凤山; 马建章. 越冬期黑颈鹤个体行为生态的研究. 生态学报. 2000, <b>20</b> (2): 293–298. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1000-0933"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1000-0933</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A1000-0933.2000.02.020"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2000.02.020</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E8%B6%8A%E5%86%AC%E6%9C%9F%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E4%B8%AA%E4%BD%93%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%87%A4%E5%B1%B1&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%A0&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1000-0933&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=293-298&rft.volume=20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3321%2Fj.issn%3A1000-0933.2000.02.020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李华，李凤山; et al. 四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区繁殖期黑颈鹤调查. 四川动物. 2013, <b>32</b> (5): 770–773. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-7083.2013.05.025"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2013.05.025</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96%E6%9C%9F%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%8E%EF%BC%8C%E6%9D%8E%E5%87%A4%E5%B1%B1&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9&rft.pages=770-773&rft.volume=32&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-7083.2013.05.025&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">谭小爱，王平; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetlands.neigae.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V14/I6/916">大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区湿地土壤重金属污染评价</a>. 湿地科学. 2016, <b>14</b> (6): 916–922 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110542/http://wetlands.neigae.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V14/I6/916">存档</a>于2018-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7&rft.au=%E8%B0%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%88%B1%EF%BC%8C%E7%8E%8B%E5%B9%B3&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=916-922&rft.volume=14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetlands.neigae.ac.cn%2FCN%2FY2016%2FV14%2FI6%2F916&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">张强，赵乐静. 自然保护区与当地居民的权益问题探讨——以云南大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区为例. 林业经济问题. 2011, <b>31</b> (3): 218–222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1005-9709"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1005-9709</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3969%2Fj.issn.1005-9709.2011.03.008"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9709.2011.03.008</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%BD%93%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E6%8E%A2%E8%AE%A8%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%85%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%BC%BA%EF%BC%8C%E8%B5%B5%E4%B9%90%E9%9D%99&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1005-9709&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&rft.pages=218-222&rft.volume=31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3969%2Fj.issn.1005-9709.2011.03.008&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">仓决卓玛; et al. 西藏黑颈鹤和斑头雁碰撞输电线的研究. 中国鸟类. 2011, <b>02</b> (4): 167–173. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5122%2Fcbirds.2011.0028"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5122/cbirds.2011.0028</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E5%92%8C%E6%96%91%E5%A4%B4%E9%9B%81%E7%A2%B0%E6%92%9E%E8%BE%93%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E4%BB%93%E5%86%B3%E5%8D%93%E7%8E%9B&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB&rft.pages=167-173&rft.volume=02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5122%2Fcbirds.2011.0028&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Chen, Jiajia; Pu, Zhen; Huang, Zhonghong; Yu, Fengqin; Zhang, Jianjun; Xu, Donghua; Xu, Junquan; Shang, Peng; Li, Yaojiang; Tshering, Jigme; Guo, Yumin. Global distribution and number of overwintering black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). Biodiversity Science. 2023-06-20, <b>31</b> (6): 22400. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17520%2Fbiods.2022400"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.17520/biods.2022400</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=Global+distribution+and+number+of+overwintering+black-necked+crane+%28Grus+nigricollis%29&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yumin&rft.au=Huang%2C+Zhonghong&rft.au=Li%2C+Yaojiang&rft.au=Pu%2C+Zhen&rft.au=Shang%2C+Peng&rft.au=Tshering%2C+Jigme&rft.au=Xu%2C+Donghua&rft.au=Xu%2C+Junquan&rft.au=Yu%2C+Fengqin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jianjun&rft.aufirst=Jiajia&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.date=2023-06-20&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Biodiversity+Science&rft.pages=22400&rft.volume=31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17520%2Fbiods.2022400&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">汪晓飞. 西宁动物园黑颈鹤饲养与繁殖技术. 黑龙江畜牧兽医. 2005, <b>2005</b> (12): 73–74. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1004-7034"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1004-7034</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3969%2Fj.issn.1004-7034.2005.12.044"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7034.2005.12.044</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%81%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E9%A5%B2%E5%85%BB%E4%B8%8E%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&rft.au=%E6%B1%AA%E6%99%93%E9%A3%9E&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1004-7034&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB&rft.pages=73-74&rft.volume=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3969%2Fj.issn.1004-7034.2005.12.044&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">庞博. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-02/09/content_5586227.htm">新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》公布_部门政务_中国政府网</a>. www.gov.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-13</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95%E3%80%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83_%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91&rft.au=%E5%BA%9E%E5%8D%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.cn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fxinwen%2F2021-02%2F09%2Fcontent_5586227.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wap.peopleapp.com/article/7284158/7122810">杀害烹食濒危野生动物黑颈鹤，男子被刑拘！</a>. 人民日报-有品质的新闻. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-12-12</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%80%E5%AE%B3%E7%83%B9%E9%A3%9F%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%EF%BC%8C%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E8%A2%AB%E5%88%91%E6%8B%98%EF%BC%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5-%E6%9C%89%E5%93%81%E8%B4%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwap.peopleapp.com%2Farticle%2F7284158%2F7122810&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">王博驰; 裴雯,色拥军,杨巨才,王煜明,杨海蓉,付红彦,于凤琴,王子建,郎雪敏,蒲真,郭玉民. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dwxzz.ioz.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180&flag=1">卫星跟踪揭示撞击电线是黑颈鹤幼鸟越冬地死亡的主要原因</a>. 动物学杂志. 2021, <b>56</b> (2): 161–170 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-06-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616130337/http://dwxzz.ioz.ac.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180&flag=1">存档</a>于2022-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA%E6%8F%AD%E7%A4%BA%E6%92%9E%E5%87%BB%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%BF%E6%98%AF%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E5%B9%BC%E9%B8%9F+%E8%B6%8A%E5%86%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8D%9A%E9%A9%B0&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97&rft.pages=161-170&rft.volume=56&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdwxzz.ioz.ac.cn%2Fch%2Freader%2Fview_abstract.aspx%3Ffile_no%3D20180%26flag%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis?uselang=zh">黑颈鹤</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.birdnet.cn/atlas//202012/17/202703jr2gfrvporc2fwdl.jpg">黑颈鹤的图片</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928212821/http://www.cwca.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=890">中国野生动物保护协会</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070618030451/http://kkxl.enorth.com.cn/system/2002/12/28/000011043.shtml">中国青海可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="鹤科" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible all navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="Template:鹤科"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="Template talk:鹤科"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:鹤科"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="鹤科" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="鹤科">鹤科</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="目 (生物)">目</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" title="鹤形目">鹤形目</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="科 (生物)">科</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E7%A7%91" title="鹤科">鹤科</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">亚科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="属" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="属">属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><div id="物种"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">物种</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">冠鹤亚科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="冠鹤属">冠鹤属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%86%95%E9%B6%B4" title="黑冕鶴">黑冕鶴</a> (<i>B. pavonina</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%86%A0%E9%B6%B4" title="灰冠鶴">灰冠鶴</a> (<i>B. regulorum</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">鹤亚科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">白鹤属</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B9%A4" title="白鹤">白鹤</a> (<i>L. leucogeranus</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="赤颈鹤属">赤颈鹤属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98%E9%B9%A4" title="沙丘鹤">沙丘鹤</a> (<i>A. canadensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%9E%95%E9%B6%B4" title="白枕鶴">白枕鶴</a> (<i>A. vipio</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="赤颈鹤">赤颈鹤</a> (<i>A. antigone</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%B6%B4" title="澳洲鶴">澳洲鶴</a> (<i>A. rubicunda</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="鹤属">鹤属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E5%9E%82%E9%B9%A4" title="肉垂鹤">肉垂鹤</a> (<i>G. carunculata</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E9%B6%B4" title="藍鶴">藍鶴</a> (<i>G. paradisea</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%91%E7%BE%BD%E9%B9%A4" title="蓑羽鹤">蓑羽鹤</a> (<i>G. virgo</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%A1%B6%E9%B9%A4" title="丹顶鹤">丹顶鹤</a> (<i>G. japonensis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%B6%B4" title="美洲鶴">美洲鶴</a> (<i>G. americana</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E9%B9%A4" title="灰鹤">灰鹤</a> (<i>G. grus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%A4%B4%E9%B9%A4" title="白头鹤">白头鹤</a> (<i>G. monacha</i>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">黑颈鹤</a> (<i>G. nigricollis</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>现存共4属15种</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="分類單元識別-&#123;&#125;-碼" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="Help:分類單元識別碼">分類單元識別碼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261445" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q261445">Q261445</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="維基物種">維基物種</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grus_nigricollis" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Grus nigricollis">Grus nigricollis</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91" title="动物多样性网">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Grus_nigricollis/">Grus_nigricollis</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Avibase: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=7A78AD1C9585A6F7">7A78AD1C9585A6F7</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%B3%A5%E7%9B%9F" title="國際鳥盟">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22692162">22692162</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%A0%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命条形码数据系统">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=747436">747436</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="保护野生动物迁徙物种公约">CMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cms.int/en/species/grus-nigricollis">grus-nigricollis</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BOW: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/blncra1">blncra1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/blncra1">blncra1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3234">3234</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="网络生命大百科">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/45518780">45518780</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Euring: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euring.org/edb/species-maps/sp4340.htm">4340</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="全球生物多樣性資訊機構">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2474960">2474960</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/25">25</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%86%8C" title="海洋和非海洋属临时登记册">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10584608">10584608</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="整合分類學資訊系統">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=176187">176187</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84" title="國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22692162">22692162</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="英国国家生物多样性网络">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000533327">NHMSYS0000533327</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="美国国家生物技术信息中心">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=40817">40817</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/8211">8211</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Xeno-canto: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Grus-nigricollis">Grus-nigricollis</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261445#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283263505171">以色列</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eagle_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/17px-Eagle_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/27px-Eagle_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/35px-Eagle_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="381" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%B8%9F" title="Portal:鸟">鸟主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/21px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/32px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:亚洲">亚洲主題</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑颈鹤&oldid=81248373">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑颈鹤&oldid=81248373</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E5%90%8D%E9%8C%84%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" title="Category:IUCN紅色名錄近危物種">IUCN紅色名錄近危物種</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%B9%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="Category:鹤属">鹤属</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="Category:中国国家一级保护动物">中国国家一级保护动物</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:四川鸟类（页面不存在）">四川鸟类</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" title="Category:云南鸟类">云南鸟类</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%98%AD%E9%80%9A" title="Category:昭通">昭通</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:甘肃鸟类（页面不存在）">甘肃鸟类</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:新疆鸟类（页面不存在）">新疆鸟类</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" title="Category:西藏鸟类">西藏鸟类</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E" title="Category:不丹鳥類">不丹鳥類</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1876%E5%B9%B4%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB" title="Category:1876年描述的鸟类">1876年描述的鸟类</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%BF%87%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有过时参数的引用的页面">含有过时参数的引用的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BE%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:物种微格式条目">物种微格式条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有拉丁語的條目">含有拉丁語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有未列明来源语句的条目">有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年2月18日 (星期日) 12:01。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-8pkzm","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.694","walltime":"1.279","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7201,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":87715,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4282,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":46774,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":19,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 919.801 1 -total"," 33.25% 305.792 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 32.95% 303.052 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 18.97% 174.520 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 16.01% 147.245 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.85% 118.225 1 Template:Lang"," 12.61% 116.018 1 Template:Category_handler"," 11.02% 101.395 1 Template:Category_handler/numbered"," 10.84% 99.694 1 Template:Namespace_detect"," 10.63% 97.800 1 Template:Str_mid"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.453","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6747435,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-b56b5d65d-zn27g","timestamp":"20241202145035","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u9ed1\u9888\u9e64","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q261445","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q261445","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-20T03:10:18Z","dateModified":"2024-02-18T12:01:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/%E9%BB%91%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4-%E8%8D%89%E6%B5%B7.jpg","headline":"\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u7269"}</script> </body> </html>