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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milli_azl%C4%B1qlar%C4%B1n_m%C3%BCdafi%C9%99si_%C3%BCzr%C9%99_%C3%87%C9%99r%C3%A7iv%C9%99_Konvensiyas%C4%B1" title="Milli azlıqların müdafiəsi üzrə Çərçivə Konvensiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Milli azlıqların müdafiəsi üzrə Çərçivə Konvensiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenemglev-stern_evit_gwarezi%C3%B1_ar_bihannivero%C3%B9_broadel" title="Kenemglev-stern evit gwareziñ ar bihanniveroù broadel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kenemglev-stern evit gwareziñ ar bihanniveroù broadel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveni_marc_per_a_la_protecci%C3%B3_de_les_minories_nacionals" title="Conveni marc per a la protecció de les minories nacionals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conveni marc per a la protecció de les minories nacionals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1mcov%C3%A1_%C3%BAmluva_o_ochran%C4%9B_n%C3%A1rodnostn%C3%ADch_men%C5%A1in" title="Rámcová úmluva o ochraně národnostních menšin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rámcová úmluva o ochraně národnostních menšin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammekonventionen_for_Beskyttelse_af_Nationale_Mindretal" title="Rammekonventionen for Beskyttelse af Nationale Mindretal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rammekonventionen for Beskyttelse af Nationale Mindretal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmen%C3%BCbereinkommen_zum_Schutz_nationaler_Minderheiten" title="Rahmenübereinkommen zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rahmenübereinkommen zum Schutz nationaler Minderheiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4hemusrahvuste_kaitse_raamkonventsioon" title="Vähemusrahvuste kaitse raamkonventsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vähemusrahvuste kaitse raamkonventsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenio_Marco_para_la_protecci%C3%B3n_de_las_Minor%C3%ADas_Nacionales" title="Convenio Marco para la protección de las Minorías Nacionales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Convenio Marco para la protección de las Minorías Nacionales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadra_konvencio_por_la_protekto_de_naciaj_malplimultoj" title="Kadra konvencio por la protekto de naciaj malplimultoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kadra konvencio por la protekto de naciaj malplimultoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutxiengo_Nazionalen_Babesarako_Hitzarmen_Markoa" title="Gutxiengo Nazionalen Babesarako Hitzarmen Markoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gutxiengo Nazionalen Babesarako Hitzarmen Markoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention-cadre_pour_la_protection_des_minorit%C3%A9s_nationales" title="Convention-cadre pour la protection des minorités nationales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Convention-cadre pour la protection des minorités nationales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramtferdrach_foar_de_Beskerming_fan_Nasjonale_Minderheden" title="Ramtferdrach foar de Beskerming fan Nasjonale Minderheden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ramtferdrach foar de Beskerming fan Nasjonale Minderheden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okvirna_konvencija_o_za%C5%A1titi_nacionalnih_manjina" title="Okvirna konvencija o zaštiti nacionalnih manjina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Okvirna konvencija o zaštiti nacionalnih manjina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenzione-quadro_per_la_protezione_delle_minoranze_nazionali" title="Convenzione-quadro per la protezione delle minoranze nazionali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convenzione-quadro per la protezione delle minoranze nazionali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visp%C4%81r%C4%93j%C4%81_konvencija_par_nacion%C4%81lo_minorit%C4%81%C5%A1u_aizsardz%C4%ABbu" title="Vispārējā konvencija par nacionālo minoritāšu aizsardzību – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vispārējā konvencija par nacionālo minoritāšu aizsardzību" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaderverdraag_inzake_de_besjerming_van_nationaal_minderhede" title="Kaderverdraag inzake de besjerming van nationaal minderhede – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaderverdraag inzake de besjerming van nationaal minderhede" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaderverdrag_inzake_de_bescherming_van_nationale_minderheden" title="Kaderverdrag inzake de bescherming van nationale minderheden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaderverdrag inzake de bescherming van nationale minderheden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmen%C3%B6vereenkamen_to%E2%80%99n_Schutz_vun_natschonale_Minnerheiten" title="Rahmenövereenkamen to’n Schutz vun natschonale Minnerheiten – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rahmenövereenkamen to’n Schutz vun natschonale Minnerheiten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konwencja_ramowa_o_ochronie_mniejszo%C5%9Bci_narodowych" title="Konwencja ramowa o ochronie mniejszości narodowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konwencja ramowa o ochronie mniejszości narodowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2" title="Рамочная конвенция о защите национальных меньшинств – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамочная конвенция о защите национальных меньшинств" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konventa_Kuad%C3%ABr_p%C3%ABr_Mbrojtjen_e_Pakicave_Komb%C3%ABtare" title="Konventa Kuadër për Mbrojtjen e Pakicave Kombëtare – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konventa Kuadër për Mbrojtjen e Pakicave Kombëtare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Оквирна конвенција за заштиту националних мањина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оквирна конвенција за заштиту националних мањина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramkonvention_om_skydd_f%C3%B6r_nationella_minoriteter" title="Ramkonvention om skydd för nationella minoriteter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramkonvention om skydd för nationella minoriteter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_Az%C4%B1nl%C4%B1klar%C4%B1n_Korunmas%C4%B1na_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_%C3%87er%C3%A7eve_S%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi" title="Ulusal Azınlıkların Korunmasına İlişkin Çerçeve Sözleşmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal Azınlıkların Korunmasına İlişkin Çerçeve Sözleşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рамкова конвенція про захист національних меншин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамкова конвенція про захист національних меншин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Treaty of the Council of Europe</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg/300px-Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg/450px-Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg/600px-Member_states_of_the_Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_on_National_Minorities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Signatories which have not ratified in light green<br />Signatories which have ratified in dark green<br />Non-signatory members of the Council of Europe in white<br />Non-members of the Council of Europe in grey</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</b> (<b>FCNM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Multilateral_treaty" title="Multilateral treaty">multilateral treaty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> aimed at protecting the <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">rights of minorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-P8_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came into effect in 1998 and by 2009 it had been ratified by 39 member states. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Council of Europe first discussed according specific protection for national minorities in 1949, but it was not until 1990 that the Council of Europe made a firm commitment to protect these minority groups. Recommendation 1134 (1990) contained a list of principles which the Assembly considered necessary for this purpose. The Parliamentary Assembly did in the beginning call for adoption of a protocol to the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">ECHR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Framework was signed in February 1995 by 22 member States of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and became active in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-P8_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P8-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 2024, 38 states have ratified the treaty and another 4 have signed it. Russia left the treaty in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aims,_operation,_and_criticism"><span id="Aims.2C_operation.2C_and_criticism"></span>Aims, operation, and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aims, operation, and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The broad aims of the convention are to ensure that the signatory states respect the rights of national minorities, undertaking to combat discrimination, promote equality, preserve and develop the culture and identity of national minorities, guarantee certain freedoms in relation to access to the media, <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority languages</a> and education and encourage the participation of national minorities in public life. Article 25 of the Framework Convention binds the member states to submit a report to the Council of Europe containing "full information on the legislative and other measures taken to give effect to the principles set out in this framework Convention" (Council of Europe, 1994, 7). </p><p>The convention operates in part through an Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, which "[evaluates] the implementation of the Framework Convention in state parties and [advises] the Committee of Ministers".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Advisory Committee consists of 18 experts on national minority protection.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current president of the Advisory Committee is Petra Roter from Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Advisory Committee evaluates state adherence to the Framework Convention via "detailed country-specific opinions adopted following a monitoring procedure."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Advisory Committee publishes meeting and activity reports on its work.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The convention has come under some criticism. First of all, not all member states of the Council of Europe have signed and ratified it. France and Turkey have done neither. Iceland, Belgium, Luxembourg and Greece have signed and have yet to ratify. Also, the provisions offer little new on already existing international treaties. Furthermore, they are hedged around with many phrases including "as far as possible" (Art 10.2). The convention does not define "national minority" and several countries set their own definition of the term when they ratified the treaty. For example, the United Kingdom ratified the convention on the understanding that it would be applied with reference to "racial groups" within the meaning of Section 3(1) of the <a href="/wiki/Race_Relations_Act_1976" title="Race Relations Act 1976">Race Relations Act 1976</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since this excluded the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish people</a>, this resulted in pressure, including from <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall Council</a>, for the UK Government to recognise the Cornish as a national minority.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2014, it was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Chief Secretary to the Treasury">Chief Secretary to the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Alexander" title="Danny Alexander">Danny Alexander</a>, that the UK Government would recognise the Cornish as a national minority under the FCNM.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overall however, Phillips (2002) [?] has argued that because the FCNM is flexible it has allowed such a great number of states to ratify it so quickly. Therefore, it should not be considered a failure, but a start. Many authors agree with this arguing that it needs to be implemented in 'good faith' with the political will to support commitment to <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euromosaic" title="Euromosaic">Euromosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Commission_on_Prevention_of_Discrimination_and_Protection_of_Minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities">Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linguistic_Rights_in_Constitutions_(Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Linguistic Rights in Constitutions (Europe)">List of Linguistic Rights in Constitutions (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_nation" title="Stateless nation">Stateless nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments#Regional:_Europe" title="International human rights instruments">International human rights instruments</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-P8-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P8_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P8_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuideMinorities8en.pdf">"The Council of Europe's Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations Guide for Minorities – Pamphlet No. 8</i>. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Guide+for+Minorities+%E2%80%93+Pamphlet+No.+8&rft.atitle=The+Council+of+Europe%27s+Framework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FPublications%2FGuideMinorities8en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int//Mainf.asp?link=http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/AdoptedText/TA93/EREC1201.HTM">RECOMMENDATION 1201 (1993)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/etats-partie">"State parties to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"</a>. <i>National Minorities (FCNM)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29&rft.atitle=State+parties+to+the+Framework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fminorities%2Fetats-partie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/advisory-committee">"Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - National Minorities (FCNM) - www.coe.int"</a>. <i>National Minorities (FCNM)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29&rft.atitle=Advisory+Committee+on+the+Framework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities+-+National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29+-+www.coe.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fminorities%2Fadvisory-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/current-composition">"Current composition of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - National Minorities (FCNM) - www.coe.int"</a>. <i>National Minorities (FCNM)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29&rft.atitle=Current+composition+of+the+Advisory+Committee+on+the+Framework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities+-+National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29+-+www.coe.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fminorities%2Fcurrent-composition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/minorities/meeting-reports-activity-reports">"Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Meeting and Activity Reports - National Minorities (FCNM) - www.coe.int"</a>. <i>National Minorities (FCNM)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29&rft.atitle=Advisory+Committee+on+the+Framework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities%3A+Meeting+and+Activity+Reports+-+National+Minorities+%28FCNM%29+-+www.coe.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fminorities%2Fmeeting-reports-activity-reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm070306/text/70306w0015.htm">Hansard – Andrew George – March 2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120915054931/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Cornish-minority-bid-gets-big-boost/story-11484099-detail/story.html">"Cornish minority bid gets a big boost"</a>. This is Cornwall. 22 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Cornish-minority-bid-gets-big-boost/story-11484099-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornish+minority+bid+gets+a+big+boost&rft.pub=This+is+Cornwall&rft.date=2010-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisiscornwall.co.uk%2FCornish-minority-bid-gets-big-boost%2Fstory-11484099-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cornish people formally declared a national minority along with Scots, Welsh and Irish". <i>The Independent</i>. 23 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Cornish+people+formally+declared+a+national+minority+along+with+Scots%2C+Welsh+and+Irish&rft.date=2014-04-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFramework+Convention+for+the+Protection+of+National+Minorities" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minelres.lv/coe/statereports.htm">State and NGO reports under FCNM</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060621055007/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-native-people-europe.asp">Eurominority map of minorities, native peoples and ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060623194006/http://www.eurominority.org/version/maps/map-european-languages-eu.asp">European languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecmi.de/">European Centre for Minority Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521092443/http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-927858-X.pdf">The Rights of Minorities in Europe 2008 – A Commentary on the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Marc Weller</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romano_liloro.googlegroups.com/attach/45e6d14fb7c4e010/NGO+declaration+on+the+FCNM_final+draft.doc?part=4&hl=en">Recommendations from NGOs for increasing the effectiveness and expanding the ratification of the FCNM 2008</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecmi.de/publications/detail/7-the-re-politicization-of-european-minority-protection-six-cases-from-the-fcnm-monitoring-process-242/">The re-politicization of minority protection: six cases from the FCNM monitoring process, ECMI Study #7 (2012) by Tove H. 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</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andorra" title="Demographics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Armenia" title="Demographics of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Austria" title="Demographics of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Azerbaijan" title="Demographics of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belarus" title="Demographics of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium" title="Demographics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bulgaria" title="Demographics of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Demographics of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia" title="Demographics of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland" title="Demographics of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Demographics of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Germany" title="Demographics of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greece" title="Demographics of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hungary" title="Demographics of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iceland" title="Demographics of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kazakhstan" title="Demographics of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latvia" title="Demographics of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Liechtenstein" title="Demographics of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lithuania" title="Demographics of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Luxembourg" title="Demographics of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malta" title="Demographics of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Moldova" title="Demographics of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Monaco" title="Demographics of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Demographics of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Norway" title="Demographics of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Poland" title="Demographics of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Portugal" title="Demographics of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_San_Marino" title="Demographics of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovakia" title="Demographics of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovenia" title="Demographics of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ukraine" title="Demographics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_England" title="Demographics of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vatican_City" title="Demographics of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Abkhazia" title="Demographics of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kosovo" title="Demographics of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Demographics of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Demographics of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jersey" title="Demographics of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union" title="Demographics of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_human_rights_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Template:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Template talk:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_human_rights_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">International human rights instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Declarations,_manifestos,_and_resolutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Resolution" title="Brazilian Resolution">Brazilian Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (UDHR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Montreal" title="Declaration of Montreal">Declaration of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Child">Declaration of the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women</a> (DEDAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Violence_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women</a> (DEVAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> (UNDRIP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Principles_(human_rights_standards)" title="Paris Principles (human rights standards)">Paris Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a> (VDPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a> (UNDROP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">International law</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Torture">Convention against Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Political_Rights_of_Women" title="Convention on the Political Rights of Women">Convention on the Political Rights of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_All_Migrant_Workers_and_Members_of_Their_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families">Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Convention" title="Apartheid Convention">International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_All_Persons_from_Enforced_Disappearance" title="International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance">International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Regional_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Regional law</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Protocol" title="Maputo Protocol">Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)</a></li></ul></li> <li>European <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_for_the_Prevention_of_Torture_and_Inhuman_or_Degrading_Treatment_or_Punishment" title="European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment">Convention for the Prevention of Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Nationality" title="European Convention on Nationality">European Convention on Nationality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Charter" title="European Social Charter">Social Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_preventing_and_combating_violence_against_women_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence">Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li>Inter-American Convention <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Convention_to_Prevent_and_Punish_Torture" title="Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture">to Prevent and Punish Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_all_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities">on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1_Convention" title="Belém do Pará Convention">on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_humanitarian_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Reduction_of_Statelessness" title="Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness">Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506020#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4832769-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007588644705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&oldid=1246008645">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities&oldid=1246008645</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Council_of_Europe_treaties" title="Category:Council of Europe treaties">Council of Europe treaties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Europe" title="Category:Politics of Europe">Politics of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_minorities" title="Category:Ethnic minorities">Ethnic minorities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minority_rights" title="Category:Minority rights">Minority rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_concluded_in_1995" title="Category:Treaties concluded in 1995">Treaties concluded in 1995</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1998" title="Category:Treaties entered into force in 1998">Treaties entered into force in 1998</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties of Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Armenia" title="Category:Treaties of Armenia">Treaties of Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Austria" title="Category:Treaties of Austria">Treaties of 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