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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Agronomi og økologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agronomi_og_økologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opphav_og_historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opphav_og_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opphav og historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opphav_og_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruksområde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruksområde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bruksområde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bruksområde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradisjonar_og_kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradisjonar_og_kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tradisjonar og kultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradisjonar_og_kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Produksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namnet_rug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namnet_rug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Namnet rug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namnet_rug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rug</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 131 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rug" title="Rug – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rug" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5g" title="Råg – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Råg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almindelig_rug" title="Almindelig rug – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Almindelig rug" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ХьэпцӀий – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ХьэпцӀий" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog" title="Rog – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roggen" title="Roggen – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Roggen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%8C%83" title="ኣጃ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኣጃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9" title="شيلم مزروع – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيلم مزروع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicar%C3%A2" title="Sicarâ – arumensk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Sicarâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent%C3%A9no" title="Senténo – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Senténo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fkin_%C3%A7ovdar%C4%B1" title="Əkin çovdarı – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əkin çovdarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اکین چووداری – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اکین چووداری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF)" title="রাই (শস্য) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাই (শস্য)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C7%B9g-theh-be%CC%8Dh" title="Thǹg-theh-be̍h – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thǹg-theh-be̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Арыш – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Арыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Жыта пасяўное – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жыта пасяўное" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Жыта пасяўное – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жыта пасяўное" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%B6" title="Ръж – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ръж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan" title="Koan – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Koan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%82" title="གྲོ་ནག – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གྲོ་ནག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%BE" title="Raž – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Raž" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segal" title="Segal – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Segal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хара таряан – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хара таряан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gol" title="Sègol – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sègol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ыраш – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ыраш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDito_set%C3%A9" title="Žito seté – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žito seté" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyg" title="Rhyg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="شنتي – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شنتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roggen" title="Roggen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roggen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukis" title="Rukis – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rukis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Σίκαλη – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σίκαλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye" title="Rye – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rye" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Розь – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Розь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereala_sekalo" title="Cereala sekalo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cereala sekalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekale" title="Zekale – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zekale" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="چاودار – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاودار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye" title="Rye – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rye" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigle" title="Seigle – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seigle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogge" title="Rogge – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rogge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagal" title="Seagal – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seagal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centeo" title="Centeo – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Centeo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%80" title="호밀 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호밀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Աշորա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշորա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नीवारिका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीवारिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sywna_ro%C5%BEka" title="Sywna rožka – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sywna rožka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usjevna_ra%C5%BE" title="Usjevna raž – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Usjevna raž" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekalo" title="Sekalo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sekalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senteno" title="Senteno – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Senteno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandum_hitam" title="Gandum hitam – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gandum hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale" title="Secale – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Secale" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%C3%A6%D0%BD%C3%A6%D1%83" title="Сылмæнæу – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сылмæнæу" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAgur" title="Rúgur – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúgur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9F)" title="שיפון (דגן) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיפון (דגן)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandum_ireng" title="Gandum ireng – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gandum ireng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ჭვავი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჭვავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%ABto" title="Żëto – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Żëto" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мәдени қарабидай – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәдени қарабидай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugal" title="Sugal – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sugal" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngano_nyekundu" title="Ngano nyekundu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngano nyekundu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eil%C3%AAl" title="Şilêl – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şilêl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кара буудай – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кара буудай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siela" title="Siela – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Siela" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81" title="Сус – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Сус" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudzi" title="Rudzi – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rudzi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar_(Planz)" title="Kar (Planz) – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kar (Planz)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97jamasis_rugys" title="Sėjamasis rugys – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sėjamasis rugys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogke" title="Rogke – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rogke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segal" title="Segal – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Segal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozs" title="Rozs – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rozs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99%D0%A0%D0%B6" title="’Рж – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="’Рж" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye" title="Rye – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rye" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88" title="റൈ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൈ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زوؤان – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زوؤان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai" title="Rai – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%85%D3%A9%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Таримал хөх тариа – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Таримал хөх тариа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="ရိုင်းစပါး – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုင်းစပါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai" title="Rai – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogge_(graan)" title="Rogge (graan) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rogge (graan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raai" title="Raai – lågsaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Raai" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AE" title="ライムギ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライムギ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cena" title="Sécena – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Sécena" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D3%80%D0%B0" title="Ӏаьржа кӀа – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьржа кӀа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roog_(slach)" title="Roog (slach) – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Roog (slach)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segal" title="Segal – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Segal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javdar" title="Javdar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Javdar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="رائی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D3%A7%D0%B3" title="Рудзӧг – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рудзӧг" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C3%A8le" title="Soèle – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Soèle" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8il" title="Sèil – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sèil" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roggen" title="Roggen – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Roggen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BByto_zwyczajne" title="Żyto zwyczajne – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żyto zwyczajne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centeio" title="Centeio – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Centeio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secar%C4%83" title="Secară – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintinu" title="Sintinu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sintinu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Рожь – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рожь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Оруос – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оруос" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye" title="Rye – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rye" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thekra" title="Thekra – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thekra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye" title="Rye – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rye" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%BE_siata" title="Raž siata – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Raž siata" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%BE" title="Rž – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rž" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%BC" title="Reż – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Reż" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="چاودار – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاودار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Раж – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раж" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%BE" title="Raž – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Raž" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruis" title="Ruis – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="புல்லரிசி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புல்லரிசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isenti" title="Isenti – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Isenti" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Арыш – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Арыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ข้าวไรย์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ข้าวไรย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87avdar" title="Çavdar – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çavdar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Ӟег – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟег" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Жито посівне – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жито посівне" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AE%DB%81" title="تلخہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تلخہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugi%C5%BE" title="Rugiž – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rugiž" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAa_m%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91en" title="Lúa mạch đen – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lúa mạch đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCg%C3%A4" title="Rügä – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rügä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swele" title="Swele – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Swele" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secale_cereale" title="Secale cereale – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Secale cereale" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E9%BA%A6" title="裸麦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="裸麦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="קארן – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BA%A5" title="黑麥 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑麥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog%C4%93" title="Rogē – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rogē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E9%BA%A5" title="裸麥 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="裸麥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12099#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rug" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Rug" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rug"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rug"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Rug" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Rug" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&oldid=3159659" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Rug&id=3159659&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRug"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRug"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rug"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rug&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="float:right; clear:right; width:250px; margin-left: 1em; font-size=small;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #EEDDAA; color:black;"><b>Rug</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ear_of_rye.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rug"><img alt="Rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ear_of_rye.jpg/250px-Ear_of_rye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ear_of_rye.jpg/330px-Ear_of_rye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ear_of_rye.jpg/500px-Ear_of_rye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="972" /></a></span><br />Rug </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background: #EEDDAA; color:black;" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_systematikk" title="Biologisk systematikk">Systematikk</a></b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_rike" title="Biologisk rike">Rike:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plantar" title="Plantar">Planteriket</a> <small>Plantae</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_rekkje" title="Biologisk rekkje">Underrekkje:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B8plantar" title="Frøplantar">Frøplantar</a> <small>Spermatophytes</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_orden" title="Biologisk orden">Orden:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grasordenen" title="Grasordenen">Grasordenen</a> <small>Poales</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_familie" title="Biologisk familie">Familie:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grasfamilien" title="Grasfamilien">Grasfamilien</a> <small>Poaceae</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_familie" title="Biologisk familie">Underfamilie:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pooideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pooideae (sida finst ikkje)">Pooideae</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_tribus" title="Biologisk tribus">Stamme:</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triticeae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triticeae (sida finst ikkje)">Triticeae</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_slekt" title="Biologisk slekt">Slekt:</a></b> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secale (sida finst ikkje)">Secale</a></i> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologisk art">Art:</a></b> </td> <td><b>Rug</b> <i><small>S. cereale</small></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background: #EEDDAA; color:black;" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Vitskapleg_namn" title="Vitskapleg namn">Vitskapleg namn</a></b> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><i><b>Secale cereale</b></i><div style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">L.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rug</b> (<i>Secale cereale</i> ssp.<i>cereale)</i> er ein økonomisk viktig kornart og kulturplante i tempererte klima, med nær 90 % av verdsproduksjonen i Europa og Russland.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rug blir i hovudsak brukt til <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8d" title="Brød">brød</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botanikk">Botanikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Botanikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Botanikk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rug høyrer til rugslekta og <a href="/wiki/Grasfamilien" title="Grasfamilien">grasfamilien</a> (Poaceae). Den er i nær slekt med <a href="/wiki/Kveite" title="Kveite">kveite</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bygg" title="Bygg">bygg</a> som er i same familien. Liksom dei har rug 7 <a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">kromosom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genomet</a>, med stor grad av likskap i innhald og rekkefølge av gena. Ruggenomet er noko større med kring 7 milliardar basepar. Rug er ein diploid art med 14 kromosom. Ulik dei andre kornartane er rugen ein streng kryssbefruktar som er vanskeleg å innavle, men det er mogleg og brukt i foredling av dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=F1-hybrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F1-hybrid (sida finst ikkje)">F1-hybridane</a> som i stor grad blir dyrka i dag. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg/250px-Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg/330px-Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg/500px-Rogge_plant_Secale_cereale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="2031" /></a><figcaption>Rugplante</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg/250px-Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg/330px-Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg/500px-Secale_cereale_MHNT.BOT.2015.2.40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4332" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>Rugaks</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agronomi_og_økologi"><span id="Agronomi_og_.C3.B8kologi"></span>Agronomi og økologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Agronomi og økologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Agronomi og økologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det meste av produksjonen er som haustrug, her i landet sådd i første delen av september og hausta august neste år. I Noreg er rug den høgast ytande kornarten med ei middelavling i toppåret 2014 på 626 kg/dekar. Hybridsortar gjer det generelt betre enn vanlege rugsortar og haustkveite, også under økologisk dyrking. Rug er meir vinterherdig og trivst best i kontinentale strok. Den har eit sterkt rotsystem og toler tørkesvak sandjord og sur jord betre enn andre kornartar. Slike stresspåkjenningar gjer at rugen har sitt kjerneområde i <a href="/wiki/Baltikum" title="Baltikum">Baltikum</a> og Aust-Europa. Den gamle finske svedjerugen klarte seg derfor bra i sur skogsjord. Den har også ei spesielt god evne til å buske seg (danne sideskot) fordi den av mangel på såkorn ofte blei sådd eitt og eitt frø. </p><p>Rugen er sterk mot sjukdomar, men er utsett for mjølauke (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mj%C3%B8ldr%C3%B8ye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mjøldrøye (sida finst ikkje)">mjøldrøye</a>, <i>Claviceps purpurea</i>) i år med dårleg bestøving. Dei dannar svarte sklerotiar der kornet skulle vere, og desse innheld svært giftige alkaloid som gjer mjølet helsefarleg. Hekseprosessane i Finnmark på 1600-talet er blitt knytt til år med giftig rug.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opphav_og_historie">Opphav og historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Opphav og historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Opphav og historie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rug stammar frå <i>Secale cereale</i> ssp. <i>vavilovii</i> som veks vill i Sørvest-Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rug er påvist sanka og kanskje dyrka allereie 9000 f.Kr., i Syria, men det er omstridd om det var dyrka typar. Iallfall forsvinn rugen att som kulturplante og dukkar først opp i Nord- og Aust-Europa i sein bronsealder.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den vanlege oppfatninga er at den var eit ugras i bygg og kveite, som så i desse områda tok over på dårlegare jordartar. Å dyrke rug kan ha skjedd så tidleg som 200 e.Kr, men omfattande dyrking som kornslag kom først i Mellomalderen. Olaus Magnus skriv i 1550 at det berre er i Finland at rug er dagleg kost. Den finske forskaren Hannu Ahokas hevdar at rugen først blei domestisert, dvs. dryssfri, i Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Praksisen med å brenne greiner på åkeren ville ta livet av ugrasfrø i jordsmonnet, inklusive dryssande rugfrø. På den måten blei det eit hardhendt utval mot dryssing. Ahokas set den omfattande handelen med såkorn frå Finland i samband med dette.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette er ikkje det same som svedjejordbruk, som var å svi ned skogen og så forlate åkeren etter få år. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bruksområde"><span id="Bruksomr.C3.A5de"></span>Bruksområde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Bruksområde" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bruksområde"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rug er i hovudsak brukt til brød og har gluten, men har ikkje kveitens evne til å danne proteinnettverk. Dessutan er proteinprosenten klart lågare. Eit høgare innhald av pentosanar hemmar også danninga av gluten, men dei vil i staden svelle og fange opp CO2 ved sakte gjæring med surdeig. Rugbrødbakst med 100 % rug krev surdeig om det skal bli heva. Syringa bevarer stivelsen, fordi lågare pH hemmar dei stivelsesnedbrytande enzyma (amylase). Dersom stivelsen blir brote ned før hausting pga. groskadar, som lett skjer i rug, kan det øydelegge bakeeigenskapane. Fordi rug har mykje av enzymet fytase, blir den elles ufordøyelege fytinsyra effektivt broten ned i ein surdeig. Dei tyske landbrøda (<i>Mischbrot</i>) er rug blanda med kveitemjøl og syra. Det tyske <i>Pumpernickel</i> (og dansk rugbrød) er 100 % rugbrød av svært grovmale mjøl og heilkorn, Etter syring er det kokt ved 120 gradar i 16-24 timar. Knekkebrød er knytt til område der kvaliteten på rugen ofte ikkje var god nok til å bake brød. Rug er også brukt til dyrefor og som råstoff i spritproduksjon (bl.a. vodka).  Dei siste 15 åra har rug brukt til biogass eller bioetanol, fått betydeleg omfang i Tyskland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradisjonar_og_kultur">Tradisjonar og kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Tradisjonar og kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tradisjonar og kultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rugtradisjonane er sterke i Aust-Europa frå Finland til Ungarn og vest til Tyskland. Den tradisjonelle grensa mellom rug- og kveitebrødsland gjekk i Rhindalen. Lenger aust var haustkveite ikkje årssikker nok og/eller jordsmonnet for dårleg, Den tradisjonelle kulturkløfta mellom Tyskland og Frankrike var og symbolisert med rug- og kveitebrød.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksjon">Produksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Produksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Produksjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rug er ein art i tilbakegang, meir enn halvert sidan 1990. Verdsproduksjonen ligg på 17 millionar tonn, eit hakk under havre. Dei største produsentane er vist i tabellen nedanfor. Dei tre fremste, Tyskland, Polen og Russland, er òg dei største eksportlanda. </p><p>Rug vart fyrst dyrka i Noreg kring år 400 i <a href="/wiki/Rogaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogaland">Rogaland</a>. På slutten av 1800-talet vart rug vanlegare i Noreg. I 1907 var det 150 000 <a href="/wiki/Dekar" title="Dekar">dekar</a> med rug i Noreg. I åra 2006-2015 var det dyrka 62 000 dekar i gjennomsnitt. </p><p><b>Dei største rugprodusentlanda i 2013</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rang </th> <th>Land </th> <th>Mengd <p>i tusen tonn </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Tyskland </td> <td>4 689 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Russland </td> <td>3 360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Polen </td> <td>3 360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Kina </td> <td>650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Kviterussland </td> <td>648 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Ukraina </td> <td>637 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Danmark </td> <td>526 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Spania </td> <td>382 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namnet_rug">Namnet rug</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Namnet rug" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Namnet rug"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kornnamnet <i>rug</i> finn ein att i germanske, baltiske og slaviske mål, soleis t.d. <i>rugỹs</i> på litauisk, <i>рожь</i> på russisk og <i>rye</i> på engelsk. Desse har opphav i ein indoeuropeisk stomn <i>rugiz</i> og kan koma av rota <i>reg-</i> «retta seg opp» eller rota <i>reug-</i> «rjuka», som båe fortel om særlege kjenneteikn ved rugen i høve til anna korn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rug&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC">«Statistic»</a>. FAO. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.btitle=Statistic&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alm T. (2003). «The witch trials of Finnmark, northern Norway, during the 17th century: Evidence for ergotism as a contributing factor.». <i>Economic Botany</i> (57): 403-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=The+witch+trials+of+Finnmark%2C+northern+Norway%2C+during+the+17th+century%3A+Evidence+for+ergotism+as+a+contributing+factor.&rft.au=Alm+T.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=57&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.pages=403-16&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hagenblad J; Oliveira HR; Forsberg NEG; Leino MW. (2016). «Geographical distribution of genetic diversity in Secale landrace and wild accessions». <i>BMC Plant Biology.</i> (16(1)): 1-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=Geographical+distribution+of+genetic+diversity+in+Secale+landrace+and+wild+accessions&rft.au=Forsberg+NEG&rft.au=Hagenblad+J&rft.au=Leino+MW.&rft.au=Oliveira+HR&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=16%281%29&rft.jtitle=BMC+Plant+Biology.&rft.pages=1-20&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Behre K-E. (1992). «The history of rye cultivation in Europe.». <i>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</i> (1(3)): 141-156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=The+history+of+rye+cultivation+in+Europe.&rft.au=Behre+K-E.&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%283%29&rft.jtitle=Vegetation+History+and+Archaeobotany&rft.pages=141-156&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ahokas H. (2012). «Crop Evolution under Fire: The past cultivation with sequential kytö burning selected against the shattering weedy forms and comparison between Finnish kytö and Ethiopian guie». <i>Interdisciplinary Biology, Agriculture, Linguistics and Antiquities</i> (5): 1-194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=Crop+Evolution+under+Fire%3A+The+past+cultivation+with+sequential+kyt%C3%B6+burning+selected+against+the+shattering+weedy+forms+and+comparison+between+Finnish+kyt%C3%B6+and+Ethiopian+guie&rft.au=Ahokas+H.&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Biology%2C+Agriculture%2C+Linguistics+and+Antiquities&rft.pages=1-194&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ahokas H. (2009). «he exported winter rye form evolved in co-cultivation with spring-sown seasonal crops in Finland where the slash-and-burn and rihi traditions selected against the rachis brittleness of the weedy rye.». <i>Interdisciplinary Biology, Agriculture, Linguistics and Antiquities</i> <b>4</b>: 1-153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=he+exported+winter+rye+form+evolved+in+co-cultivation+with+spring-sown+seasonal+crops+in+Finland+where+the+slash-and-burn+and+rihi+traditions+selected+against+the+rachis+brittleness+of+the+weedy+rye.&rft.au=Ahokas+H.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Biology%2C+Agriculture%2C+Linguistics+and+Antiquities&rft.pages=1-153&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grøn F. (1939). «Brødets saga gjennom tidene [The Saga of Bread throughout the ages].». <i>Oslo: Kristiani Brødfabrikk og Moss Aktiemøller;</i>: 139 p.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ARug&rft.atitle=Br%C3%B8dets+saga+gjennom+tidene+%5BThe+Saga+of+Bread+throughout+the+ages%5D.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B8n+F.&rft.date=1939&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oslo%3A+Kristiani+Br%C3%B8dfabrikk+og+Moss+Aktiem%C3%B8ller%3B&rft.pages=139+p.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <ul><li>Thorgeir Holm: «Leivar frå soga um rugbraudet og rygene» i <a href="/wiki/Norsk_%C3%85rbok" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk Årbok">Norsk Årbok</a> 2008</li> <li>Bjørnstad, Åsmund (2012) Vårt daglege brød. 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