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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Basic vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary_comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary_comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabulary comparison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary_comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px 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class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article should <b>specify the language</b> of its non-English content, using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Transliteration" title="Template:Transliteration">transliteration</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for transliterated languages, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #fd79da;">Kwalean</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #fd79da;">Humene–Uare</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">Southeastern peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Province_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Central Province (Papua New Guinea)">Central Province</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="Trans–New Guinea languages">Trans–New Guinea</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Peninsula_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan Peninsula languages">Papuan Peninsula</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>Owen Stanley Range<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Kwalean</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #fd79da;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kwal1257">kwal1257</a></code></samp></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kwalean</b> or <b>Humene–Uare</b> languages are a small family of <a href="/wiki/Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="Trans–New Guinea languages">Trans–New Guinea languages</a> spoken in the "<a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Tail" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird's Tail">Bird's Tail</a>" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan</a> branch of Trans–New Guinea. </p><p>The Kwalean languages are spoken in <a href="/wiki/Rigo_District" title="Rigo District">Rigo District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Province_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Central Province (Papua New Guinea)">Central Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue22-PNG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue22-PNG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The languages are <a href="/wiki/Humene_language" title="Humene language">Humene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uare_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uare language">Uare</a> (Kwale) and recently extinct <a href="/wiki/Mulaha_language" title="Mulaha language">Mulaha</a>. It is not clear if Mulaha was an outlier, or as close to the others as they are to each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humene and Uare are quite close (70% basic vocabulary), Mulaha more distant (22% with Uare). </p><p>The Kwalean family is not accepted by <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Wichmann" title="Søren Wichmann">Søren Wichmann</a> (2013), who splits it into two separate groups, namely <a href="/wiki/Humene_language" title="Humene language">Humene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Uare_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uare language">Uare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mulaha_language" title="Mulaha language">Mulaha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wichmann2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wichmann2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proto-language">Proto-language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proto-language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonemes">Phonemes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory of Humene and Uare as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ngw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>*m</td> <td>*n</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>*t</td> <td></td> <td>*k</td> <td>*ʔ </td></tr> <tr> <td>*b</td> <td>*d</td> <td></td> <td>*g</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>*ɸ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*h </td></tr> <tr> <td>*w</td> <td>*ɾ</td> <td>*j</td> <td>*ɣ</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>The *k is rare. </p><p>Vowels are *i *e *ɛ *a *ɔ *o *u. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns of Humene–Uare as:<sup id="cite_ref-ngw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>sg</th> <th>pl </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>*ɛ</td> <td>*ɛmɛ </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>*ɣa</td> <td>*ja </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>*ani</td> <td>*jɛ </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_vocabulary">Basic vocabulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Basic vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:<sup id="cite_ref-ngw_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>gloss</th> <th>Proto-Humene-Uare</th> <th>Humene</th> <th>Uare </th></tr> <tr> <th>hair/feather </th> <td>*igu</td> <td>ˈiʔu</td> <td>ˈiku </td></tr> <tr> <th>eye </th> <td>*ubuma</td> <td>uˈbuma</td> <td>uˈbuma </td></tr> <tr> <th>nose </th> <td>*jajɔɾɛ</td> <td>ʒaˈʒoɾe</td> <td>ʒaˈʒoɾe </td></tr> <tr> <th>tooth </th> <td>*ɣɔnɔnɛ</td> <td>βoˈnone</td> <td>ɣoˈnone </td></tr> <tr> <th>tongue </th> <td>*majanɛ</td> <td>maˈnane</td> <td>maˈʒane </td></tr> <tr> <th>foot/leg </th> <td>*ɔda</td> <td>ˈoda</td> <td>ˈida </td></tr> <tr> <th>blood </th> <td>*ɾɔo̝</td> <td>ɾoˈo</td> <td>ˈɾoˈu </td></tr> <tr> <th>bone </th> <td>*e̝tinɛ</td> <td>eˈhine</td> <td>iˈsine </td></tr> <tr> <th>skin </th> <td>*ahe̝ɾe̝</td> <td>aˈheɾe</td> <td>aˈhiɾi </td></tr> <tr> <th>breast </th> <td>*nuunɛ</td> <td>nuˈune</td> <td>nuˈne </td></tr> <tr> <th>louse </th> <td>*nɔmɔnɛ</td> <td>noˈmone</td> <td>noˈmone </td></tr> <tr> <th>dog </th> <td>*ɣo̝ni</td> <td>βoni</td> <td>ˈɣuni </td></tr> <tr> <th>pig </th> <td>*aba</td> <td>ˈaba</td> <td>ˈaba </td></tr> <tr> <th>bird </th> <td>*ne̝ni; *t[e̝]b[o̝]ɾ[e̝]</td> <td>neni; teˈboɾe</td> <td>ˈnini </td></tr> <tr> <th>egg </th> <td>*maɣa</td> <td>ˈmaβa</td> <td>ˈmaɣa </td></tr> <tr> <th>man </th> <td>*wajɛ</td> <td>ˈβaʒe</td> <td>ˈβaʒe </td></tr> <tr> <th>woman </th> <td>*nɔgɔnɛ</td> <td>noˈʔone</td> <td>noˈɣone </td></tr> <tr> <th>sun/day </th> <td>*maˈda</td> <td>maˈda</td> <td>maˈda </td></tr> <tr> <th>moon </th> <td>*batɔ</td> <td>ˈbato</td> <td>ˈbato </td></tr> <tr> <th>water </th> <td>*wɔu</td> <td>ˈβou</td> <td>ˈβou </td></tr> <tr> <th>fire/firewood </th> <td>*iɾɛ</td> <td>ˈiɾe</td> <td>iɾe </td></tr> <tr> <th>stone </th> <td>*hadi</td> <td>ˈhadi</td> <td>ˈhadi </td></tr> <tr> <th>path </th> <td>*e̝bi</td> <td>ˈebi</td> <td>ˈibi </td></tr> <tr> <th>name </th> <td>*ni</td> <td>ni</td> <td>ni </td></tr> <tr> <th>eat </th> <td>*an-</td> <td>an-</td> <td>an- </td></tr> <tr> <th>one </th> <td>*te̝bɔ</td> <td>ˈtebo</td> <td>ˈtiba </td></tr> <tr> <th>two </th> <td>*ahɛu</td> <td>aˈheu</td> <td>aˈheu </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary_comparison">Vocabulary comparison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vocabulary comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following basic vocabulary words are from Dutton (1970)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with additional data for <a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ksj" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ksj">Uare</a> from 1988 SIL field notes), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proto-Kwalean reconstructions are from Ross (2014). </p><p>Note that the words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. <i>nuune</i>, <i>nune</i> for “breast”) or not (e.g. <i>hadi</i>, <i>aroba</i> for “stone”). </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>gloss</th> <th>Proto-Kwalean</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:huf" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:huf">Humene</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:ksj" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:ksj">Uare</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639:mfw" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mfw">Mulaha</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>head </th> <td></td> <td>raˈfune</td> <td>vaˈdini; və'd·inɩ</td> <td>yoarowai </td></tr> <tr> <th>hair </th> <td>*iku(va)</td> <td>iʔvuai</td> <td>'iku; ˈiku</td> <td>yoroba </td></tr> <tr> <th>ear </th> <td></td> <td>aˈbi</td> <td>'tʰɛɣʌ; ˈteɣa</td> <td>akuru </td></tr> <tr> <th>eye </th> <td>*(u)bu(i)vi(ma)</td> <td>uˈbuma</td> <td>uˈbuma; u'bumə</td> <td>boivi </td></tr> <tr> <th>nose </th> <td>*ʒaʒore</td> <td>ʒaˈʒore</td> <td>ĵ ̟ʌ'ĵ ̟ɔre; ʒaˈʒore</td> <td>ine </td></tr> <tr> <th>tooth </th> <td>*vono(ne); *wano(ne)</td> <td>voˈnone</td> <td>ɣoˈnone; ɣɔ'nɔne</td> <td>waina (2?) </td></tr> <tr> <th>tongue </th> <td></td> <td>maˈnane</td> <td>maˈʒane; mə'j ̟ane</td> <td>bebura </td></tr> <tr> <th>leg </th> <td></td> <td>goˈenva</td> <td>ɔdʌ; ˈoda</td> <td>koina </td></tr> <tr> <th>louse </th> <td>*(n)omo(ne)</td> <td>noˈmone</td> <td>noˈmone; 'nɔmone</td> <td>uˈmana </td></tr> <tr> <th>dog </th> <td>*ɣuni</td> <td>ˈaba</td> <td>ˈaba; 'ɣunɩ</td> <td>aba </td></tr> <tr> <th>pig </th> <td>*aba</td> <td>(voni) aˈva</td> <td>'ap·ʌ; (ɣuni) aˈvaɣa</td> <td>batuvi </td></tr> <tr> <th>bird </th> <td>*teboare</td> <td>(teˈbore) ˈiʔuva</td> <td>'ninɩ; (nini) ˈikuɣa</td> <td>iguvi </td></tr> <tr> <th>egg </th> <td>*ma(va)</td> <td>ˈhava</td> <td>iˈsaɣa; 'maɣʌ</td> <td>iakeki </td></tr> <tr> <th>blood </th> <td>*ruu</td> <td>roˈo</td> <td>iuː; ˈruˈu</td> <td>iˈaa </td></tr> <tr> <th>bone </th> <td>*esi(ne)</td> <td>eˈhine</td> <td>ɩ'ine; iˈsine</td> <td>inina </td></tr> <tr> <th>skin </th> <td>*ahiri</td> <td>aˈhere kokava</td> <td>a'hiṟʟ; aˈhiri</td> <td>iaina </td></tr> <tr> <th>breast </th> <td>*n(a)u(ne)</td> <td>nuˈune</td> <td>'nune; nuˈne</td> <td>kobaiba </td></tr> <tr> <th>tree </th> <td></td> <td>iˈbado</td> <td>ire; 'ire</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>man </th> <td>*vaʒe</td> <td>oˈhoʒ; ˈvaʒe</td> <td>ohɔj ̟e; oˈhoʒe; ˈvaʒe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>woman </th> <td>*no'ɣone</td> <td>noʔˈone</td> <td>'lɔɣae; noˈɣone; roˈɣai</td> <td>tina </td></tr> <tr> <th>sky </th> <td>*adure</td> <td>aˈdure</td> <td>aˈdure</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>sun </th> <td>*mada</td> <td>maˈda</td> <td>'madʌ; maˈda</td> <td>bauwa </td></tr> <tr> <th>moon </th> <td>*bato</td> <td>ˈbato</td> <td>ˈbato; 'batʰɔ</td> <td>vaisa </td></tr> <tr> <th>water </th> <td>*vou; *wara</td> <td>ˈvou</td> <td>ˈvou; vu</td> <td>vara </td></tr> <tr> <th>fire </th> <td>*ire</td> <td>ˈire</td> <td>ireˈroga; ɩṟɛlokə</td> <td>boareki </td></tr> <tr> <th>stone </th> <td>*hadi</td> <td>ˈhadi</td> <td>'had·ɩ; ˈhadi</td> <td>aroba </td></tr> <tr> <th>road, path </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>'ibɩ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>name </th> <td>*ni</td> <td>ni</td> <td>ni; niː</td> <td>waa anu </td></tr> <tr> <th>eat </th> <td>*anE-</td> <td>a-nE-</td> <td>a-nE-; aᵘ ʔohe</td> <td>inatu </td></tr> <tr> <th>one </th> <td>*teba</td> <td>ˈtebo</td> <td>ˈtiba; 'tʰipʌ</td> <td>pebogi </td></tr> <tr> <th>two </th> <td>*aheu</td> <td></td> <td>a'heᵘ</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kwale_language" title="Kwale language">Kwale</a> reflexes of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Trans-New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Trans-New Guinea">proto-Trans-New Guinea</a> (pTNG) etyma are:<sup id="cite_ref-Pawley-TNG_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pawley-TNG-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>maɣa</i> ‘egg’ < *maŋgV</li> <li><i>oda</i> ‘leg’ < *k(a,o)ndok[V]</li> <li><i>nomone</i> ‘louse’ < *niman</li> <li><i>ire</i> ‘tree’ < *inda</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/papuan-peninsula/owen-stanley-range">New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue22-PNG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue22-PNG_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2019" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG/languages">"Papua New Guinea languages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>: Languages of the World</i> (22nd ed.). Dallas: <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+languages&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FPG%2Flanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKwalean+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wichmann2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wichmann2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wichmann, Søren. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langlxmelanesia.com/wichmann313-386.pdf">A classification of Papuan languages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125143227/https://www.langlxmelanesia.com/wichmann313-386.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-11-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In: Hammarström, Harald and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.), History, contact and classification of Papuan languages (Language and Linguistics in Melanesia, Special Issue 2012), 313-386. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngw_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngw_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngw_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/papuan-peninsula/owen-stanley-range/humene-uare">New Guinea World, Humene–Uare</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutton, T.E. "Notes on the Languages of the Rigo Area of the Central District of Papua". In Wurm, S.A. and Laycock, D.C. editors, <i>Pacific linguistic studies in honour of Arthur Capell</i>. C-13:879-984. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15144%2FPL-C13.879">10.15144/PL-C13.879</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhill2016" class="citation web cs1">Greenhill, Simon (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transnewguinea.org/">"TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TransNewGuinea.org+-+database+of+the+languages+of+New+Guinea&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Greenhill&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftransnewguinea.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKwalean+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pawley-TNG-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pawley-TNG_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawleyHammarström2018" class="citation book cs1">Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). <i>The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide</i>. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7"><bdi>978-3-11-028642-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Trans+New+Guinea+family&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+the+New+Guinea+Area%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=The+World+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=21-196&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-028642-7&rft.aulast=Pawley&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Hammarstr%C3%B6m%2C+Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKwalean+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ross_(linguist)" title="Malcolm Ross (linguist)">Ross, Malcolm</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transnewguinea.org/language/proto-kwalean">Proto-Kwalean</a>. <i>TransNewGuinea.org</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/papuan-peninsula/owen-stanley-range">Owen Stanley Range</a></li> <li>(ibid.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/papuan-peninsula/owen-stanley-range/humene-uare">Proto–Humene–Uare</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Southeast_Papuan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koiarian_languages" title="Koiarian languages">Koiarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Koiari_language" title="Grass Koiari language">Grass Koiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Koiali_language" title="Mountain Koiali language">Mountain Koiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koita_language" title="Koita language">Koitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barai_language" title="Barai language">Barai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiae_language" title="Namiae language">Namiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_language" title="Ese language">Ese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mie_language" title="Ömie language">Ömie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kwalean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humene_language" title="Humene language">Humene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwale_language" title="Kwale language">Uare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulaha_language" title="Mulaha language">Mulaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manubaran_languages" title="Manubaran languages">Manubaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doromu_language" title="Doromu language">Doromu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Maria language (Papua New Guinea)">Maria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yareban_languages" title="Yareban languages">Yareban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moikodi_language" title="Moikodi language">Moikodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneme_Wake_language" title="Aneme Wake language">Aneme Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Bereho_language" title="Aga Bereho language">Bariji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaru_language" title="Nawaru language">Nawaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yareba_language" title="Yareba language">Yareba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mailuan_languages" title="Mailuan languages">Mailuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauwaki_language" title="Bauwaki language">Bauwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domu_language" title="Domu language">Domu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binahari_language" title="Binahari language">Binahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morawa_language" title="Morawa language">Morawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailu_language" title="Mailu language">Mailu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laua_language" title="Laua language">Laua</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dagan_languages" title="Dagan languages">Dagan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daga_language" title="Daga language">Daga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapena_language" title="Mapena language">Mapena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Papuan)" title="Maiwa language (Papuan)">Maiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dima_language" title="Dima language">Dima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginuman_language" title="Ginuman language">Ginuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanasi_language" title="Kanasi language">Kanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onjob_language" title="Onjob language">Onjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umanakaina_language" title="Umanakaina language">Umanakaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turaka_language" title="Turaka language">Turaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trans–New_Guinea_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="West_Trans–New_Guinea_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/West_Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="West Trans–New Guinea languages">West Trans–New Guinea languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Dani_language" title="Grand Valley Dani language">Grand Valley Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupla_language" title="Hupla language">Hupla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nduga_language" title="Nduga language">Nduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nggem_language" title="Nggem language">Nggem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silimo_language" title="Silimo language">Silimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walak_language" title="Walak language">Walak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wano_language" title="Wano language">Wano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Dani_language" title="Western Dani language">Western Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yali_language" title="Yali language">Yali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Auye language">Auye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dao language (Papuan)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekari_language" title="Ekari language">Ekari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_language" title="Moni language">Moni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolani_language" title="Wolani language">Wolani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baham_language" title="Baham language">Baham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iha_language" title="Iha language">Iha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karas language">Karas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor–Alor–Pantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirata%E2%80%93Makasai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oirata–Makasai languages">East Timor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fataluku_language" title="Fataluku language">Fataluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalero_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Makalero dialect">Makalero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasae_language" title="Makasae language">Makasae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirata_language" title="Oirata language">Oirata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusenu_language" title="Rusenu language">Rusenu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Alor–Pantar languages">Alor–Pantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abui_language" title="Abui language">Abui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adang_language" title="Adang language">Adang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagar_language" title="Blagar language">Blagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafoa_language" title="Kafoa language">Kafoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woisika_language" title="Woisika language">Kamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klon_language" title="Klon language">Klon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(Indonesia)" title="Kui language (Indonesia)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_language" title="Kula language">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retta_language" title="Retta language">Retta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawila_language" title="Sawila language">Sawila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wersing_language" title="Wersing language">Wersing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaera_language" title="Kaera language">Kaera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedebang_language" title="Nedebang language">Nedebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiwa_language" title="Teiwa language">Teiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pantar_language" title="Western Pantar language">Western Pantar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunak_language" title="Bunak language">Bunak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Central_and_South_New_Guinea_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_and_South_New_Guinea_languages" title="Central and South New Guinea languages">Central and South New Guinea languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Kamoro_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmat–Kamoro languages">Asmat–Kamoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asmat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asmat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmat language">Asmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citak_language" title="Citak language">Citak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sabakor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruwai_language" title="Buruwai language">Buruwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamberau_language" title="Kamberau language">Kamberau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamoro_language" title="Kamoro language">Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sempan_language" title="Sempan language">Sempan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Awyu_languages" title="Greater Awyu languages">Greater Awyu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awyu–Dumut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_language" title="Aghu language">Aghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandobo_language" title="Mandobo language">Mandobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombai_language" title="Kombai language">Kombai–Wanggom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_language" title="Pisa language">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Papuan)" title="Sawi language (Papuan)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiaxa_language" title="Shiaxa language">Shiaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambon_language" title="Wambon language">Wambon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Becking–Dawi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komyandaret_language" title="Komyandaret language">Komyandaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korowai_language" title="Korowai language">Korowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaukambo_language" title="Tsaukambo language">Tsaukambo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ok%E2%80%93Oksapmin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ok–Oksapmin languages">Ok–Oksapmin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burumakok_language" title="Burumakok language">Burumakok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopka_language" title="Kopka language">Kopkaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lowland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iwur_language" title="Iwur language">Iwur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_language" title="Muyu language">Muyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimin_language" title="Bimin language">Bimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_language" title="Mian language">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Setaman language">Setaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suganga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Suganga language">Suganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefol_language" title="Telefol language">Telefol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urapmin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urapmin language">Urapmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakai_language" title="Nakai language">Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangko_language" title="Tangko language">Tangko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bayono%E2%80%93Awbono_languages" title="Bayono–Awbono languages">Bayono–Awbono</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayono_language" title="Bayono language">Bayono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awbono_language" title="Awbono language">Awbono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densar_language" title="Densar language">Densar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovojab_language" title="Kovojab language">Kovojab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Komolom_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Komolom languages">Komolom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koneraw_language" title="Koneraw language">Koneraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombum_language" title="Mombum language">Mombum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Somahai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Somahai languages">Somahai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Momina language">Momina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momuna_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Momuna language">Momuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Kutubuan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" title="Kutubuan languages">Kutubuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/East_Kutubuan_languages" title="East Kutubuan languages">East Kutubuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Foe language">Foe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiwaga_language" title="Fiwaga language">Fiwaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/West_Kutubuan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="West Kutubuan languages">West Kutubuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasu_language" title="Fasu language">Fasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Some_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Some language">Some</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Namumi language">Namumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Chimbu–Wahgi_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu–Wahgi languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Jimi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kandawo_language" title="Kandawo language">Kandawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language" title="Maring language">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narak_language" title="Narak language">Narak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Wahgi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nii_language" title="Nii language">Nii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahgi_language" title="Wahgi language">Wahgi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Chimbu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuave_language" title="Chuave language">Chuave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_language" title="Dom language">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golin_language" title="Golin language">Golin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Kuman language (New Guinea)">Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomane_language" title="Nomane language">Nomane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-Yui_language" title="Salt-Yui language">Salt-Yui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_language" title="Sinasina language">Sinasina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Hagen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaugel_language" title="Kaugel language">Kaguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpa_language" title="Melpa language">Melpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembagla_language" title="Tembagla language">Tembagla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Kainantu–Goroka_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu–Goroka languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Goroka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gahuku</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekano_language" title="Alekano language">Alekano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano_language" title="Dano language">Dano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokano_language" title="Tokano language">Tokano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamono–Yagaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_language" title="Abaga language">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoke-Yate_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoke-Yate language">Inoke-Yate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamono language">Kamono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanite_language" title="Kanite language">Kanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyagana_language" title="Keyagana language">Ke’yagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagaria_language" title="Yagaria language">Yagaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benabena_language" title="Benabena language">Benabena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore_language" title="Fore language">Fore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gende_language" title="Gende language">Gende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimi_language" title="Gimi language">Gimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabi_language" title="Isabi language">Isabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siane_language" title="Siane language">Siane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaweyuha_language" title="Yaweyuha language">Yaweyuha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kainantu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tairora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binumarien_language" title="Binumarien language">Binumarien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambaira_language" title="Kambaira language">Kambaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairoa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tairoa language">Tairoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffa_language" title="Waffa language">Waffa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gauwa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agarabi_language" title="Agarabi language">Agarabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awa_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Awa language (Papua New Guinea)">Awa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awiyaana_language" title="Awiyaana language">Awiyaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsup_language" title="Gadsup language">Gadsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosena_language" title="Kosena language">Kosena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontenu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontenu language">Ontenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oweina_language" title="Oweina language">Oweina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usarufa_language" title="Usarufa language">Usarufa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenati_language" title="Kenati language">Kenati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Madang_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Croisilles_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Croisilles languages">Croisilles</a><br />(Adelbert Range)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dimir-Malas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimir language">Dimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malas language">Malas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kaukombar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mala_language" title="Mala language">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiani language">Maiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia_language" title="Maia language">Maia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kowan_languages" title="Kowan languages">Kowan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Korak language">Korak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waskia_language" title="Waskia language">Waskia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bepour_language" title="Bepour language">Bepour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauwake_language" title="Mauwake language">Mauwake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moere_language" title="Moere language">Moere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numugen_languages" title="Numugen languages">Numugen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilakura_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilakura language">Bilakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parawen_language" title="Parawen language">Parawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukuriguma_language" title="Ukuriguma language">Ukuriguma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usan_language" title="Usan language">Usan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaben_language" title="Yaben language">Yaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarawata_language" title="Yarawata language">Yarawata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Omosan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobol_language" title="Kobol language">Kobol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal_language" title="Pal language">Pal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tiboran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kowaki_language" title="Kowaki language">Kowaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawak_language" title="Mawak language">Mawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamosu_language" title="Pamosu language">Pamosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Brem language">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Musar language">Musar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanambre_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanambre language">Wanambre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kalam_languages" title="Kalam languages">Kalam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalam_language" title="Kalam language">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobon_language" title="Kobon language">Kobon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Tai language (New Guinea)">Tai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mabuso_languages" title="Mabuso languages">Mabuso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kokan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Girawa_language" title="Girawa language">Girawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kein_language" title="Kein language">Kein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gum_languages" title="Gum languages">Gum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amele_language" title="Amele language">Amele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bau_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Bau language (New Guinea)">Bau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumalu_language" title="Gumalu language">Gumalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isebe_language" title="Isebe language">Isebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panim_language" title="Panim language">Panim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihan_language" title="Sihan language">Sihan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanseman_languages" title="Hanseman languages">Hanseman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagupi_language" title="Bagupi language">Bagupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baimak_language" title="Baimak language">Baimak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal_language" title="Gal language">Gal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garus_language" title="Garus language">Garus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kare_language_(Papuan)" title="Kare language (Papuan)">Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matepi_language" title="Matepi language">Matepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawan_language" title="Mawan language">Mawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosimo_language" title="Mosimo language">Mosimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murupi_language" title="Murupi language">Murupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nake_language" title="Nake language">Nake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobonob_language" title="Nobonob language">Nobonob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rempi_language" title="Rempi language">Rempi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapting_language" title="Rapting language">Rapting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa_language" title="Samosa language">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruga_language" title="Saruga language">Saruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silopi_language" title="Silopi language">Silopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utu_language" title="Utu language">Utu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagi_language" title="Wagi language">Wagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamas_language" title="Wamas language">Wamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoidik_language" title="Yoidik language">Yoidik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munit_language" title="Munit language">Munit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mindjim_languages" title="Mindjim languages">Mindjim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjam_language" title="Anjam language">Anjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongu_language" title="Bongu language">Bongu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_language_(Papuan)" title="Male language (Papuan)">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_language" title="Sam language">Sam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Rai_Coast_languages" title="Rai Coast languages">Rai Coast</a> <br />(South Madang)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awung</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jilim_language" title="Jilim language">Jilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rerau_language" title="Rerau language">Rerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangulam_language" title="Yangulam language">Yangulam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brahman_languages" title="Brahman languages">Brahman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biyom_language" title="Biyom language">Biyom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauya_language" title="Tauya language">Tauya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evapia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kesawai_language" title="Kesawai language">Kesawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsauru_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinsauru language">Sinsauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausi_language" title="Sausi language">Sausi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danaru_language" title="Danaru language">Danaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sop_language" title="Sop language">Sop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumau_language" title="Sumau language">Sumau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urigina_language" title="Urigina language">Urigina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duduela_language" title="Duduela language">Duduela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwato_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwato language">Kwato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogea_language" title="Ogea language">Ogea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uya_language" title="Uya language">Uya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kabenau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawum_language" title="Arawum language">Arawum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumpu language">Dumpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolom_language" title="Kolom language">Kolom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemio_language" title="Lemio language">Lemio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siroi_language" title="Siroi language">Siroi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulabu_language" title="Pulabu language">Pulabu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Adelbert_languages" title="Southern Adelbert languages">Southern Adelbert</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tomul (Josephstaal)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anam_language" title="Anam language">Anam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamgura_language" title="Anamgura language">Anamgura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moresada_language" title="Moresada language">Moresada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osum_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Osum language">Osum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadaginam_language" title="Wadaginam language">Wadaginam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sogeram_languages" title="Sogeram languages">Sogeram</a> (Wanang)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apali_language" title="Apali language">Apali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atemble_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Atemble language">Atemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faita_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Faita language">Faita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mag%C9%A8yi_language" title="Magɨyi language">Magɨyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Musak language">Musak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nend_language" title="Nend language">Nend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mum_language" title="Mum language">Mum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paynamar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paynamar language">Paynamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sileibi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sileibi language">Sileibi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yaganon_languages" title="Yaganon languages">Yaganon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumun_language" title="Dumun language">Dumun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglau_language" title="Ganglau language">Ganglau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saep_language" title="Saep language">Saep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabong_language" title="Yabong language">Yabong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">(unclear)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaimon_language" title="Amaimon language">Amaimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargam_language" title="Bargam language">Bargam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gants_language" title="Gants language">Gants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasembo_language" title="Wasembo language">Wasembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamben_language" title="Yamben language">Yamben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Finisterre–Huon_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre–Huon languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Finisterre_languages" title="Finisterre languages">Finisterre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erap</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finongan_language" title="Finongan language">Finongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gusan language">Gusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamaa_language" title="Mamaa language">Mamaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkip_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Munkip language">Munkip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakama_language" title="Nakama language">Nakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nek_language" title="Nek language">Nek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimi_language" title="Nimi language">Nimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuk_language" title="Nuk language">Nuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numanggang_language" title="Numanggang language">Numanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Manda_language" title="Ma Manda language">Sauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_language" title="Uri language">Uri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gusap–Mot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyo_language" title="Iyo language">Iyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madi_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madi language (Papuan)">Madi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neko_language" title="Neko language">Neko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekgini_language" title="Nekgini language">Nekgini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaing_language" title="Ngaing language">Ngaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_language" title="Rawa language">Rawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufim_language" title="Ufim language">Ufim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uruwa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakam language">Sakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Som_language" title="Som language">Som</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukna_language" title="Nukna language">Nukna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yau language">Yau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weliki_language" title="Weliki language">Weliki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wantoat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awara_language" title="Awara language">Awara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wantoat_language" title="Wantoat language">Wantoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuma-Irumu_language" title="Tuma-Irumu language">Tuma-Irumu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Warup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaro%27o_language" title="Asaro'o language">Asaro'o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgebi_language" title="Bulgebi language">Bulgebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenan_language" title="Degenan language">Degenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forak_language" title="Forak language">Forak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guya_language" title="Guya language">Guya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwahatike_language" title="Gwahatike language">Gwahatike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratayak_language" title="Muratayak language">Muratayak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yupna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonkiman_language" title="Bonkiman language">Bonkiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domung_language" title="Domung language">Domung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_language_(Papuan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma language (Papuan)">Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankina_language" title="Nankina language">Nankina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yopno_language" title="Yopno language">Yopno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yout_Wam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yout Wam language">Yout Wam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Huon_languages" title="Huon languages">Huon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedua_language" title="Dedua language">Dedua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2te_language" title="Kâte language">Kâte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovai_language" title="Kovai language">Kovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kube_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kube language">Kube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mape_language" title="Mape language">Mape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migabac_language" title="Migabac language">Migabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momare_language" title="Momare language">Momare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sene_language" title="Sene language">Sene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobo language">Tobo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burum_language" title="Burum language">Burum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borong_language" title="Borong language">Borong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinalakna_language" title="Kinalakna language">Kinalakna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komba_language" title="Komba language">Komba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumokio_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumokio language">Kumokio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mese language">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabak_language" title="Nabak language">Nabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomu_language" title="Nomu language">Nomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono_language" title="Ono language">Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selepet_language" title="Selepet language">Selepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialum_language" title="Sialum language">Sialum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbe_language" title="Timbe language">Timbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Southeast_Papuan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Koiarian_languages" title="Koiarian languages">Koiarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Koiari_language" title="Grass Koiari language">Grass Koiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Koiali_language" title="Mountain Koiali language">Mountain Koiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koita_language" title="Koita language">Koitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barai_language" title="Barai language">Barai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiae_language" title="Namiae language">Namiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_language" title="Ese language">Ese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mie_language" title="Ömie language">Ömie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kwalean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humene_language" title="Humene language">Humene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwale_language" title="Kwale language">Uare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulaha_language" title="Mulaha language">Mulaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Manubaran_languages" title="Manubaran languages">Manubaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doromu_language" title="Doromu language">Doromu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Maria language (Papua New Guinea)">Maria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yareban_languages" title="Yareban languages">Yareban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moikodi_language" title="Moikodi language">Moikodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneme_Wake_language" title="Aneme Wake language">Aneme Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Bereho_language" title="Aga Bereho language">Bariji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawaru_language" title="Nawaru language">Nawaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yareba_language" title="Yareba language">Yareba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mailuan_languages" title="Mailuan languages">Mailuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauwaki_language" title="Bauwaki language">Bauwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domu_language" title="Domu language">Domu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binahari_language" title="Binahari language">Binahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morawa_language" title="Morawa language">Morawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailu_language" title="Mailu language">Mailu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laua_language" title="Laua language">Laua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dagan_languages" title="Dagan languages">Dagan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daga_language" title="Daga language">Daga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapena_language" title="Mapena language">Mapena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Papuan)" title="Maiwa language (Papuan)">Maiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dima_language" title="Dima language">Dima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginuman_language" title="Ginuman language">Ginuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanasi_language" title="Kanasi language">Kanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onjob_language" title="Onjob language">Onjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umanakaina_language" title="Umanakaina language">Umanakaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turaka_language" title="Turaka language">Turaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Anim_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anim_languages" title="Anim languages">Anim languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tirio_languages" title="Tirio languages">Tirio</a> (Lower Fly)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baramu_language" title="Baramu language">Baramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitur_language" title="Bitur language">Bitur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makayam_language" title="Makayam language">Makayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Were_language" title="Were language">Were</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Boazi_languages" title="Boazi languages">Boazi</a> (Lake Murray)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boazi_language" title="Boazi language">Boazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimakani_language" title="Zimakani language">Zimakani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Marind%E2%80%93Yaqai_languages" title="Marind–Yaqai languages">Marind–Yaqai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipim_language" title="Bipim language">Bipim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marind_language" title="Marind language">Marind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqay_language" title="Yaqay language">Yaqay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Gulf_languages" title="Inland Gulf languages">Inland Gulf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipiko_language" title="Ipiko language">Ipiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foia_Foia_language" title="Foia Foia language">Foia Foia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoia_Hoia_language" title="Hoia Hoia language">Hoia Hoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubami_language" title="Mubami language">Mubami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Other_families" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other families</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoye_language" title="Akoye language">Akoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angaataha_language" title="Angaataha language">Angaataha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankave_language" title="Ankave language">Ankave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamtai_language" title="Hamtai language">Hamtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamasa_language" title="Kamasa language">Kamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawacha_language" title="Kawacha language">Kawacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menya_language" title="Menya language">Menya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeyoka_language" title="Safeyoka language">Safeyoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbari_language" title="Simbari language">Simbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuami_language" title="Susuami language">Susuami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainae_language" title="Tainae language">Tainae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagwoia_language" title="Yagwoia language">Yagwoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yipma_language" title="Yipma language">Yipma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin–Pa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awin_language" title="Awin language">Awin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_language" title="Pa language">Pa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Binanderean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Binanderean languages">Binanderean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruga_language" title="Baruga language">Baruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binandere_language" title="Binandere language">Binandere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewage_language" title="Ewage language">Ewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korafe_language" title="Korafe language">Korafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokaiva_language" title="Orokaiva language">Orokaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suena_language" title="Suena language">Suena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekora_language" title="Yekora language">Yekora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_language" title="Zia language">Zia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimele_language" title="Aimele language">Aimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beami_language" title="Beami language">Beami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edolo_language" title="Edolo language">Edolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluli_language" title="Kaluli language">Kaluli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasua_language" title="Kasua language">Kasua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onobasulu_language" title="Onobasulu language">Onobasulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_language" title="Sonia language">Sonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Duna%E2%80%93Pogaya_languages" title="Duna–Pogaya languages">Duna–Pogaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_language" title="Duna language">Duna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogaya_language" title="Pogaya language">Pogaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fembe_language" title="Fembe language">Fembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobasi_language" title="Gobasi language">Gobasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konai_language" title="Konai language">Konai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubo_language" title="Kubo language">Kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoodee_language" title="Odoodee language">Odoodee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Samo language (New Guinea)">Samo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Engan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angal_language" title="Angal language">Angal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_language" title="Nete language">Bisorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enga_language" title="Enga language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_language" title="Huli language">Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipili_language" title="Ipili language">Ipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewa_language" title="Kewa language">Kewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaka_language" title="Kyaka language">Kyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembena_language" title="Lembena language">Lembena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samberigi_language" title="Samberigi language">Samberigi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gogodala%E2%80%93Suki_languages" title="Gogodala–Suki languages">Gogodala–Suki</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suki_language" title="Suki language">Suki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogodala_language" title="Gogodala language">Gogodala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Ari language (New Guinea)">Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waruna_language" title="Waruna language">Waruna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Goilalan_languages" title="Goilalan languages">Goilalan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuyug_language" title="Fuyug language">Fuyug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauade_language" title="Tauade language">Tauade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biangai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biangai language">Biangai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunimaipa_language" title="Kunimaipa language">Kunimaipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Weri language">Weri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kayagaric_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayagaric languages">Kayagaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atohwaim_language" title="Atohwaim language">Atohwaim</a> (Kaugat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogo language">Yogo</a> (Tamagario)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagar_language" title="Kayagar language">Kayagar</a> (Kaygir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagario_language" title="Tamagario language">Tamagario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" title="Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamu_language" title="Bamu language">Bami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerewo_language" title="Kerewo language">Kerewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwai_language" title="Kiwai language">Kiwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morigi_language" title="Morigi language">Morigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waboda_language" title="Waboda language">Waboda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimaama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimaama language">Kimaama</a> (Kimaghama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riantana_language" title="Riantana language">Riantana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndom_language" title="Ndom language">Ndom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages" title="Turama–Kikorian languages">Turama–Kikorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikobi_language" title="Ikobi language">Ikobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omati_language" title="Omati language">Omati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumu_language" title="Rumu language">Rumu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moraori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moraori language">Moraori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiru_language" title="Wiru language">Wiru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papuan_language_families_(Palmer_2018_classification)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papuan_languages" title="Template:Papuan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papuan_languages" title="Template talk:Papuan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papuan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papuan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papuan_language_families_(Palmer_2018_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan language families</a> <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages#Palmer_(2018)" title="Papuan languages">Palmer 2018</a> classification)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trans-New_Guinea_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-New Guinea languages">Trans-New Guinea</a> <br />subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>, Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ok_languages" title="Ok languages">Ok-Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Dani languages">Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Kamoro_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Asmat–Kamoro languages">Asmat-Kamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mek_languages" title="Mek languages">Mek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paniai_Lakes_languages" title="Paniai Lakes languages">Paniai Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bomberai_languages" title="West Bomberai languages">West Bomberai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somahai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Somahai languages">Somahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>, Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anim_languages" title="Anim languages">Anim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Awyu_languages" title="Greater Awyu languages">Greater Awyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayagaric_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayagaric languages">Kayagaric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolopom_languages" title="Kolopom languages">Kolopom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marori_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marori language">Marori</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwest <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gogodala%E2%80%93Suki_languages" title="Gogodala–Suki languages">Gogodala-Suki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikori_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Turama–Kikori languages">Turama-Kikori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwaian_languages" title="Kiwaian languages">Kiwaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin-Pa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre-Huon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu-Goroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu-Wahgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Enga-Kewa-Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutubuan_languages" title="Kutubuan languages">Kutubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duna-Bogaya_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Duna-Bogaya languages">Duna-Bogaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiru_language" title="Wiru language">Wiru</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Peninsula" title="Papuan Peninsula">Papuan Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Binanderean_languages" title="Greater Binanderean languages">Greater Binanderean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagan_languages" title="Dagan languages">Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailuan_languages" title="Mailuan languages">Mailuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koiarian_languages" title="Koiarian languages">Koiarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goilalan_languages" title="Goilalan languages">Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yareban_languages" title="Yareban languages">Yareban</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kwalean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manubaran_languages" title="Manubaran languages">Manubaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Timor%E2%80%93Alor%E2%80%93Pantar_languages" title="Timor–Alor–Pantar languages">Timor-Alor-Pantar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Halmahera_languages" title="North Halmahera languages">North Halmahera</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tambora_language" title="Tambora language">Tambora</a></i><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_Peninsula" title="Bird's Head Peninsula">Bird's Head Peninsula</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="South Bird's Head languages">South Bird's Head</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_South_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="Nuclear South Bird's Head languages">Nuclear South Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanwatan%E2%80%93Duriankere_languages" title="Inanwatan–Duriankere languages">Inanwatan–Duriankere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konda%E2%80%93Yahadian_languages" title="Konda–Yahadian languages">Konda–Yahadian</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head languages">East Bird's Head</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantion%E2%80%93Meax_languages" title="Mantion–Meax languages">Nuclear East Bird's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatam%E2%80%93Mansim_languages" title="Hatam–Mansim languages">Hatam–Mansim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bird%27s_Head_languages" title="West Bird's Head languages">West Bird's Head</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abun_language" title="Abun language">Abun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpur_language" title="Mpur language">Mpur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mor_language_(Papuan)" title="Mor language (Papuan)">Mor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumuri_language" title="Sumuri language">Tanah Merah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tor%E2%80%93Kwerba_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor–Kwerba languages">Tor-Kwerba</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Plain_languages" title="Lakes Plain languages">Lakes Plain</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Border_languages_(New_Guinea)" title="Border languages (New Guinea)">Border</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skou_languages" title="Skou languages">Sko</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Geelvink_Bay_languages" title="East Geelvink Bay languages">East Cenderawasih Bay</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauwasi_languages" title="Pauwasi languages">Pauwasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pauwasi_languages" title="East Pauwasi languages">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pauwasi_languages" title="West Pauwasi languages">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimboran_languages" title="Nimboran languages">Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentani languages">Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairasi_languages" title="Mairasi languages">Mairasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaure%E2%80%93Kosare_languages" title="Kaure–Kosare languages">Kaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepki%E2%80%93Murkim_languages" title="Lepki–Murkim languages">Lepki-Murkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senagi_languages" title="Senagi languages">Senagi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angor_language" title="Angor language">Angor</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dera_language" title="Dera language">Dera</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofanma%E2%80%93Namla_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tofanma–Namla languages">Tofanma-Namla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawa_languages" title="Yawa languages">Yapen</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abinomn_language" title="Abinomn language">Abinomn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burmeso_language" title="Burmeso language">Burmeso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseng_language" title="Elseng language">Elseng</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kapauri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapauri language">Kapauri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kembra_language" title="Kembra language">Kembra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keuw_language" title="Keuw language">Keuw</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kimki_language" title="Kimki language">Kimki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massep_language" title="Massep language">Massep</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mawes_language" title="Mawes language">Mawes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molof_language" title="Molof language">Molof</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usku_language" title="Usku language">Usku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yetfa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yetfa language">Yetfa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayono%E2%80%93Awbono_languages" title="Bayono–Awbono languages">Bayono-Awbono</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dem_language" title="Dem language">Dem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uhunduni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uhunduni language">Uhunduni</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepik" title="Sepik">Sepik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu">Ramu</a> basin <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik-Ramu</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Lower Sepik languages">Lower Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramu_languages" title="Ramu languages">Ramu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwomtari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwomtari languages">Kwomtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Schultze_languages" title="Leonhard Schultze languages">Leonhard Schultze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walio_languages" title="Walio languages">Walio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Papi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Papi languages">Papi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yuat_languages" title="Upper Yuat languages">Upper Yuat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arafundi_languages" title="Arafundi languages">Arafundi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Piawi_languages" title="Piawi languages">Piawi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuat_languages" title="Yuat languages">Yuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_May_languages" title="Left May languages">Left May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amto%E2%80%93Musan_languages" title="Amto–Musan languages">Amto-Musan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Papuan)" title="Busa language (Papuan)">Busa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayap_language" title="Tayap language">Tayap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yad%C3%AB_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadë language">Yadë</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marienberg_languages" title="Marienberg languages">Marienberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapesh_languages" title="Arapesh languages">Arapesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urim_languages" title="Urim languages">Urim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimai_languages" title="Maimai languages">Maimai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapei_languages" title="Wapei languages">Wapei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palei_languages" title="Palei languages">Palei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_languages" title="One languages">One</a> (West Wapei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumbo_languages" title="Monumbo languages">Monumbo</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Middle_Sepik_languages" title="Middle Sepik languages">Middle Sepik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ndu_languages" title="Ndu languages">Ndu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuma_languages" title="Nukuma languages">Nukuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_languages" title="Yellow River languages">Yellow River</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerakai_language" title="Yerakai language">Yerakai</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sepik_languages" title="Upper Sepik languages">Upper Sepik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wogamus_languages" title="Wogamus languages">Wogamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwam_languages" title="Iwam languages">Iwam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abau_language" title="Abau language">Abau</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sepik_Hill_languages" title="Sepik Hill languages">Sepik Hill</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_languages" title="Tama languages">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_languages" title="Ram languages">Ram</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amal_language" title="Amal language">Amal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ramu_languages" title="Ramu languages">Ramu</a> subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Ramu_languages" title="Lower Ramu languages">Lower Ramu</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottilien_languages" title="Ottilien languages">Ottilien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misegian_languages" title="Misegian languages">Misegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ramu_languages" title="Middle Ramu languages">Middle Ramu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grass_languages" title="Grass languages">Grass</a></b>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamolan_languages" title="Tamolan languages">Tamolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataitan_languages" title="Ataitan languages">Ataitan</a> (Tanggu)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Papua" title="Gulf of Papua">Gulf of Papua</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Yam_languages" title="Yam languages">Yam</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahoturi_River_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahoturi River languages">Pahoturi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriomo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriomo languages">Oriomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doso-Turumsa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Doso-Turumsa languages">Doso-Turumsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komolom_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Komolom languages">Komolom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelmek-Maklew_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yelmek-Maklew languages">Yelmek-Maklew</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dibiyaso_language" title="Dibiyaso language">Dibiyaso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaki_Ae_language" title="Kaki Ae language">Kaki Ae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamula_language" title="Kamula language">Kamula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karami_language" title="Karami language">Karami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pawaia_language" title="Pawaia language">Pawaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porome_language" title="Porome language">Porome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purari_language" title="Purari language">Purari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabo_language" title="Tabo language">Tabo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> <br />families and isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baining_languages" title="Baining languages">Baining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bougainville_languages" title="North Bougainville languages">North Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bougainville_languages" title="South Bougainville languages">South Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Solomon_languages" title="Central Solomon languages">Central Solomons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulil%E2%80%93Butam_languages" title="Taulil–Butam languages">Butam-Taulil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An%C3%AAm_language" title="Anêm language">Anêm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Ata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kol_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Kol language (Papua New Guinea)">Kol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makolkol_language" title="Makolkol language">Makolkol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island" title="Rossel Island">Rossel Island</a> <br />isolate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9l%C3%AE_Dnye_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yélî Dnye language">Yélî Dnye</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Papuan_languages" title="West Papuan languages">West Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Papuan_languages" title="Northwest Papuan languages">Northwest Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pauwasi_languages" title="South Pauwasi languages">South Pauwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Papuan_languages" title="East Papuan languages">East Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Gulf_languages" title="Papuan Gulf languages">Papuan Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binanderean%E2%80%93Goilalan_languages" title="Binanderean–Goilalan languages">Binanderean–Goilalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arai%E2%80%93Samaia_languages" title="Arai–Samaia languages">Arai–Samaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmat%E2%80%93Mombum_languages" title="Asmat–Mombum languages">Asmat–Mombum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Fly%E2%80%93Bulaka_River_languages" title="Trans-Fly–Bulaka River languages">Trans-Fly–Bulaka River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Fly_languages" title="Trans-Fly languages">Trans-Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%E2%80%93Kwerba_languages" title="Dani–Kwerba languages">Dani–Kwerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bird%27s_Head_%E2%80%93_Sentani_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bird's Head – Sentani languages">East Bird's Head – Sentani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwomtari%E2%80%93Fas_languages" title="Kwomtari–Fas languages">Kwomtari–Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_May_%E2%80%93_Kwomtari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Left May – Kwomtari languages">Left May – Kwomtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor%E2%80%93Kwerba%E2%80%93Nimboran_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran languages">Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea_languages" title="West Trans–New Guinea languages">West Trans–New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papuan_Highlands_languages" title="West Papuan Highlands languages">West Papuan Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_South_New_Guinea_languages" title="Central and South New Guinea languages">Central and South New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_West_New_Guinea_languages" title="Central West New Guinea languages">Central West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_Guinea_Highlands_languages" title="East New Guinea Highlands languages">East New Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_%E2%80%93_West_New_Britain_languages" title="Yele – West New Britain languages">Yele – West New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik%E2%80%93Ramu_languages" title="Sepik–Ramu languages">Sepik–Ramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_languages" title="Indo-Pacific languages">Indo-Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Proto-Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Trans–New Guinea">Proto-Trans–New Guinea</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&oldid=1238526854">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kwalean_languages&oldid=1238526854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kwalean_languages" title="Category:Kwalean languages">Kwalean languages</a></li><li><a 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